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FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

PUBLICATION  234 
ZOOLOGICAL  SERIES  VOL.  XIII 


CATALOGUE  OF  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS 


Initiated  by 

CHARLES  B.  CORY 
Late  Curator  of  Zoology 

Continued  by 

CHARLES  E.  HELLMAYR 
Associate  Curator  of  Birds 


PART  IV 

FURNARIIDAE    -    DENDROCOLAPTIDAE 


WILFRED  H.  OSGOOD 

Curator,  Department  of  Zoology 

EDITOR 


CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 

December  29,  1925.  4*4 

THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE  * 

FEB171938 

UNIVERSE  OF 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF  TKE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  IU»" 


8    5 

S    «• 

an     t 


II 


FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

PUBLICATION  234 
ZOOLOGICAL  SERIES  VOL.  XIII 


CATALOGUE  OF  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS 
AND  THE  ADJACENT  ISLANDS 

IN 

FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

INCLUDING  ALL  SPECIES  AND  SUBSPECIES  KNOWN   TO   OCCUR   IN   NORTH 
AMERICA,    MEXICO,    CENTRAL    AMERICA,  SOUTH  AMERICA,  THE  WEST 
INDIES.  AND  ISLANDS  OF  THE  CARRIBEAN  SEA,  THE  GALAPAGOS 
ARCHIPELAGO,  AND  OTHER  ISLANDS   WHICH  MAY  BE  IN- 
CLUDED ON  ACCOUNT  OF  THEIR  FAUNAL  AFFINITIES 

Initiated  by 

CHARLES  B.  CORY 
Late  Curator  of  Zoology 

v         Continued  by 
CHARLES  E.  HELLMAYR 
Associate  Curator  of  Birds 


PART  IV 

FURNARIIDAE   -   DfiNDROCOLAPTIDAE 


WILFRED  H.  OSGOOD 

Curator,  Department  of  Zoology 

EDITOR 


CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 

December  29,  1925. 
THE  LIBRARY  OF  THF 

FEB171938 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


FX 


,  CONTENTS 

Orders,  Families  and  Genera  included  in  Part  IV 
ORDER  PASSERIFORMES 


"0 


SUBORDER  MESOMYODI 
FAMILY  FURNARIIDAE 

(Oven-birds) 
Subfamily  FURNARIINAE 


.  ."  Geobates  Swainson  ...............  i 

Geositta  Swainson  ................  2 

.'    Furnarius  Vieillot  .................  14 

Coryphistera  Burmeister  ...........  25 

Clibanornis  Sclater  and  Salvin  ......  26 

Cinclodes  Gray  ...................  27 

Upucerthia  Geoff  roy  Saint-Hilaire  .  .  .  41 

Enicornis  Gray  ...................  51 

Chilia  Salvadori  ...................  52 

Limnornis  Gould  ..................  53 

Limnoctites  Hettmayr  ..............  54 

Subfamily  SYNALLAXINAE 

Sylviorthorhynchus  DesMurs  .......  54 

Aphrastura  Oberholser  .............  55 

Phleocryptes  Cabanis  and  Heine.  ...  57 

Leptasthenura  Reichenbach  .........  60 

Dendrophylax  Hellmayr  ...........  70 

Schizoeaca  Cabanis  ................  71 

Schoeniophylax  Ridgway  ...........   73 

Oreophylax  Hellmayr  ..............  74 

Synallaxis  Vieillot.  .  ...............  75 

Poecilurus  Todd  ..................  1  10 

Certhiaxis  Lesson  .................  112 

Cranioleuca  Reichenbach  ...........  116 

Siptornopsis  Cory  ..................  132 

Asthenes  Reichenbach  ..............  133 

Thripophaga  Cabanis  ..............  154 

Drioctistes  Ridgway  ...............  156 

Phacellodomus  Reichenbach  .........  157 

Siptornis  Reichenbach  ..............  166 

Xenerpestes  Berlepsch  .............  166 

Metopothrix  Sclater  and  Salvin  .....  167 

Anumbius  Lafresnaye  and  D'0rbignyi68 

Subfamily  MARGARORNITHINAE 
Margarornis  Reichenbach  ...........  170 


Premnornis  Ridgway 173 

Premnoplex  Cherrie 173 

Subfamily  PHILYDORINAE 

Pseudocolaptes  Reichenbach 176 

Berlepschia  Ridgway 181 

Pseudoseisura  Reichenbach 181 

Hyloctistes  Ridgway 185 

Ancistrops  Sclater 187 

Anabazenops  Lafresnaye 187 

Xenoctistes  Hettmayr 188 

Xenicopsoides  Cory 195 

Philydor  Spix 199 

Automolus  Reichenbach 210 

Hylocryptus  Chapman 226 

Cichlocolaptes  Reichenbach 226 

Heliobletus  Reichenbach 227 

Thripadectes  Sclater 228 

Xenops  Illiger 232 

Microxenops  Chapman 243 

Megaxenops  Reiser 243 

Pygarrhicus  Burmeister 244 

Subfamily  SCLERURINAE 

Sclerurus  Swainson 245 

Lochmias  Swainson 256 

FAMILY  DENDROCOLAPTIDAE 
(Wood-hewers) 

Dendrocolaptes  Hermann 259 

Dendrexetastes  Eyton 273 

Hylexetastes  Sclater 274 

Xiphocolaptes  Lesson 276 

Dendroplex  Swainson 288 

Xiphorhynchus  Swainson 293 

Lepidocolaptes  Reichenbach 318 

Campylorhamphus  Bertoni 339 

Nasica  Lesson 348 

Drymornis  Eyton 349 

Glyphorynchus  Wied 350 

Sittasomus  Swainson 354 

Deconychura  Cherrie 361 

Dendrocincla  Gray 363 


LIST  OF  NEW  NAMES  PROPOSED  IN  PART  IV 

ChUia  melanura  atacamae  subsp.  nov 53 

Limnoctites  genus  nov 54 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  grisescens  subsp.  nov 61 

Dendrophylax  genus  nov 70 

Oreophylax  genus  nov 74 

Asthenes  modesta  australis  subsp.  nov 138 

Asthenes  d'orbignyi  consobrina  subsp.  nov 142 

Asthenes  humicola  polysticta  subsp.  nov 144 

Phacellodomus  rufifrons  peruvianus  subsp.  nov 159 

Phacellodomus  rufifrons  specularis  subsp.  nov 160 

Xenoctistes  nom.  nov 188 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  sanctae-martae  subsp.  nov 280 

Dendroplex  picus  saturatior  subsp.  nov 290 


IV 


CATALOGUE 

OF 

BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS 

Continuation  by  Charles  E.  Hellmayr 

PART  IV 


ORDER  PASSERIFORMES—  Continued. 
Suborder  MESOMYODI—  Continued. 

FAMILY  FURNARIIDAE. 

OVEN-BlRDS. 

Subfamily  FURNARIINAE. 

Genus  GEOBATES  Swainson. 

Geobates  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  322,  Dec.  1837  —  type  Geobates  brevicauda 
Anthus  poecilopterus  WIED. 


Geobates  poecilopterus  (Wied).    LARK-LIKE  MINER. 

Anthus  poecilopterus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (i),  p.  633,  1831  —  Campos 
Geraes,  interior  of  Brazil,  on  the  confines  of  Minas  Geraes  and  Bahia. 

Geobates  poecilopterus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  205,  pi.  21  —  crit.,  descr., 
Minas  Geraes,  S.  Paulo,  Ypanema;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  35,  1868  — 
camp  four  miles  from  city  of  Sao  Paulo,  road  to  Sorocaba,  Ypanema,  Regis- 
tro  Velho,  Paranapitanga,  Itarare,  State  of  Sao  Paulo;  Sao  Domingos,  Minas 
Geraes;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  p.  386,  1870  —  Lagoa 
Santa,  Uberaba,  Paracatu,  Minas  Geraes;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  4,  1890  —  Sao  Domingos,  Chapada;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2, 
p.  viii,  1889;  idem,  I.e.,  3,  p.  201,  1891  (Wied's  types);  idem,  I.e.,  5,  p.  no, 
1893  —  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  210,  1899  — 
Sao  Paulo;  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  227,  1907  —  Batataes,  Sao  Paulo;  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  43,  1906  —  Sao 
Paulo. 

Geobates  brevicauda  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  322,  1837  —  Brazil. 

Anthus  fuscus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tfbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  120, 
1856  —  Campos  of  Brazil. 

Range:   Campos  districts  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Minas  Geraes,  Sao 
Paulo,  and  Matto  Grosso. 


2      FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  GEOSITTA  Swainson*. 

GeosiUa  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  317,  1837 — generic  characters;  type  by 
subs,  desig.  (SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  323,  Dec.  1837)  Geositta  anthoides 
SWAINSON  =  Alauda  fissirostris  KITTLITZ. 

Geobamon  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  p.  249,  1860 — type  by  monotypy 
Geobamon  rufipennis  BURMEISTER. 

Saxilauda  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  31  (i),  p.  67  (in  text),  1865 — 
type  Geobamon  fasciata  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK. 

*Geositta  cunicularia  cunicularia  (  Vieilloi).    COMMON  MINER. 

Alauda  cunicularia  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  i,  p.  369,  1816 — 
based  on  Azara  No.  148:  "Aux  environs  de  la  riviere  de  la  Plata  et  dans  les 
pampas  de  Buenos  Aires." 

Certhttauda  cunicularia  LAFRESNAYE  and  d'ORBiGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool. 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  71,  1837 — part,  Buenos  Aires,  Maldonado;  d'ORBiGNY,  Voyage 
Amer.  mend.,  Ois,  p.  358,  pi.  43,  fig.  i,  1847 — part,  Buenos  Aires,  S.  Pedro, 
Maldonado,  Patagonia  (spec,  examined). 

Furnarius  cunicularius  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  65,  1839 — part,  La  Plata, 
northern  Patagonia. 

GeosiUa  cunicularia  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  149,  1860 — "near  Men- 
doza"  (?)  and  Parana;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  465,  1861 — same  locali- 
ties (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  140 — 
Conchitas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (spec,  examined);  STERNBERG,  Journ.  Orn., 
17,  p.  264,  1869 — Tablada  Vieja,  Buenos  Aires,  and  Est.  San  Juan  (breeding 
habits);  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  178 — Baradero,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  idem, 
I.e.,  1878,  p  395 — Chubut  valley;  GIBSON,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  13 — Cape  San  An- 
tonio, Prov  Buenos  Aires;  DOERING,  Inf.  ofic.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  i,  Zool., 
1 88 1,  p.  43 — south  to  the  Rio  Negro;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  CL,  8, 
p.  203,  1883 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay,  Bahia  Blanca;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885, 
p.  280 — Paysandii,  Uruguay;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Argent.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  165, 
1888 — part,  excl.  Chile;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  5,  1890 — part, 
spec,  a-e,  Maldonado,  Buenos  Aires;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1891,  p.  16;  1892,  p.2oi — 
Est.  Espartillar,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  P-  *8i — Uruguay; 
SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  711,  1898 — part,  No.  325,359  ex  Punta 
Arenas  (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16, 
p.  128,  1899 — Sao  Lourenco,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (spec,  examined);  CRAW- 
SHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  72,  1907  —  Sara  Settlement;  GRANT,  Ibis, 
1911,  p.  125 — Tuyu,  Los  Ynglases,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  286,  1910 — part,  Patagonia,  Tierra  del  Fuego, 
Cordoba,  Buenos  Aires,  Entrerios;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  405 — Cape  San 

*•  Although  the  species  vary  much  in  length  and  shape  of  their  bills,  further  sub- 
division of  the  genus  appears  to  be  impracticable.  If  Geobamon  is  recognized,  the 
slender-billed  G.  tenuirostris  and  the  thick-billed,  stout-legged  G.  crassirostris  will 
likewise  have  to  be  separated  genetically. 

*Species  marked  with  an  asterisk  are  represented  by  specimens  in  Field  Museum 
of  Natural  History. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  3 

Antonio,  Prov.  B.  Aires;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  19,  1920 — Maldon- 
ado,  Canelones,  San  Jose",  Flores,  Uruguay;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1922 — 
Rosas,  Prov.  B.  Aires;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  47,  1923 — Santa  Elena, 
Entrerios  (breeding);  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  72 — Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  167 — 
Zelaya,  Rio  Lujdn. 

Geositta  tenuirostris  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  609 — 
Salto,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Geositta  cunicularia  cunicularia  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  44,  1906 — part,  spec,  j-p,  Patagonia,  Buenos  Aires,  Mal- 
donado;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  206,  1909 — La  Soledad, 
Entrerios,  Bahia  Blanca;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  117, 
1919 — monog.,  part,  excl.  Chile;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Ministr.  Obr.  Publ. 
(Buenos  Aires)  for  1922-23,  p.  638,  1924 — part,  Buenos  Aires  and  Entrerios. 

Geositta  rufipennis  (not  of  BURMEISTER)  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  710. 
1898 — part,  No.  360,364,  Punta  Arenas  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Eastern  Argentina,  from  provinces  of  Entrerios  and  Cordo- 
ba south  to  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  and  Tierra  del  Fuego;  Uruguay; 
Prov.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  southern  BraziK 

i:    Argentina  (San  Roman,  F.  C.  S.,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  i). 

*Geositta  cunicularia  fissirostris  (Kittlitz)b.     CHILIAN  MINER. 

Alauda  fissirostris  KITTLITZ,  Me"m.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Pe"tersb.,  (sav.  e"tr.),  2,  p.  468, 
Vog.  Chili,  pi.  3,  Aug.  1835 — Valparaiso,  Chile  (type  in  Petrograd  Museum 
examined);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  19,  1921 
(note  on  type). 

Alauda  nigro-fasciata  LAFRESNAYE,  Mag.  Zool.,  6,  el.  2,  text  to  pi.  58-59,  p.  6, 
1836 — Chile  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Geositta  antho'ides  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  323,  Dec.  1837 — Chile. 

*  Specimens  from  Entrerios,  Uruguay,  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (Sao  Lourenco) 
are  practically  identical  with  a  good  series  from  Buenos  Aires  (Conchitas,  San  Roman, 
Bahia  Blanca).  Among  Burmeister's  examples  in  the  Halle  Museum,  there  is  one 
adult,  said  to  be  from  "Mendoza,"  which  is  likewise  referable  to  G.  c.  cunicularia. 
The  locality  appears  to  me  questionable,  since  other  skins  from  Mendoza  prove  to 
belong  to  another  race.  It  should  be  mentioned,  however,  that  Dabbene  (Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  123,  1919)  also  refers  some  specimens  from  Alto  Verde, 
Prov.  Mendoza  to  G.  c.  cunicularia. 

Birds  from  southeastern  Patagonia  (Coy  Riv,er)  and  Straits  of  Magellan  (Punta 
Arenas,  Gregory  Bay)  are  slightly  paler,  more  grayish  brown  above,  with  the  buffy- 
white  bases  of  the  upper  tail  coverts  more  extensive,  and  less  coarsely  spotted  on 
the  chest,  thus  pointing  to  G.  cunicularia  hellmayri.  Twenty-nine  specimens  ex- 
amined. 

b  Geositta  cunicularia  fissirostris  (KITTLITZ)  :  Differs  from  G.  c.  cunicularia  by 
grayish  brown  rather  than  earthy  brown  upper  parts,  more  whitish,  less  buffy  lower 
surface  with  heavier,  deeper  blackish  markings  on  chest,  and  by  the  blackish  sub- 
terminal  band  on  the  inner  remiges  being  generally  wider  as  well  as  more  sharply  de- 
nned. In  coloration  of  upper  tail  coverts  it  agrees  with  G.  c.  cunicularia.  Wing 
(males)  88-96,  (females)  87-92;  tail  49-56;  bill  17-18,  exceptionally  (one  male  from 
Quirihue',  one  unsexed  from  Coronel)  even  20.  Although  single  examples  are  not 
always  distinguishable,  the  Chilean  form,  taken  as  a  whole,  seems  fairly  separable. 
Twenty-four  specimens  examined. 


4      FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Furnarius  cunicularius  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  65,  1839 — part,  central  Chile, 
south  to  Conception. 

Geositta  canicularia  (sic)  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  9,  p.  94,  1841 — Chile,  betw. 
34°  and  35°  s.  lat. 

Geositta  (Furnarius)  canicularia  (sic)  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  n,  p.  in,  1843 — 
central  provinces  of  Chile. 

Certhilauda  cunicularia  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg., 
31  (i),  p.  59,  1865 — prov.  Colchagua,  Santiago,  and  Aconcagua  (habits). 

Geositta  cunicularia  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel, 
p.  59,  1865 — Chile;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  323 — Chile;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1870,  p.  499 — Coquimbo;  SHARPE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1881, 
p.  8 — Coquimbo;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  424 — Coquimbo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  5,  1890 — part,  spec,  f-q,  Coquimbo,  Valparaiso,  Santiago. 

Geositta  cunicularia  cunicularia  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  44,  1906 — part,  spec,  a-i,  q-v,  Talcahuano,  Valparaiso, 
Santiago,  San  Alfonso  (Quillota);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30, 
p.  117,  1919 — part,  Chile. 

Range:  Central  Chile,  from  southern  Atacama  (Domeyko,  63  kilom. 
s.  of  Vallenar)  to  Concepcion. 

18 :  Chile  (Domeyko,  Prov.  Atacama  2 ;  Romero,  Prov.  Coquimbo  7 ; 
Quirihue,  Prov.  Maule  2;  Concepcion  5,  "Chile"  2). 

*Geositta  cunicularia  deserticolor  Hellmayr*.  DESERT-COLORED  MINER. 

Geositta  cunicularia  deserticolor  HELLMAYR,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Zool.  Ser.,  12, 
p.  72,  April  1924 — Caldera,  Prov.  Atacama,  Chile. 

Geositta  cunicularia  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

•  Geositta  cunicularia  deserticolor  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  G.  c.  fissirostris,  but 
very  much  paler  throughout;  upper  parts  sandy  or  buffy  gray  instead  of  grayish 
brown;  edges  to  wing  coverts  and  tertials  buffy  whitish  rather  than  sandy  buff; 
cinnamomeous  wing-bar  decidedly  paler;  superciliaries,  sides  of  head  and  neck  light 
creamy  rather  than  bright  buff;  under  parts  almost  pure  white,  with  just  a  faint 
creamy  wash  across  chest  and  along  flanks;  dusky  brown  markings  on  chest  much 
less  pronounced;  axillars,  under  wing-coverts  and  quill-lining  conspicuously  paler; 
basal  half  of  rectrices  much  paler  cinnamon.  Wing  (six  specimens)  87-90;  tail  48-50; 
bill  17.5-18.5 

I  first  met  with  this  strongly  marked  form,  many  years  ago,  in  the  Vienna  Museum. 
There  were  male  and  female,  obtained  by  H.  Whitely  jr.  at  Islay,  coast  of  Arequipa, 
Peru,  in  that  institution,  but  owing  to  the  absence  of  proper  material  of  the  allied 
G.  c.  frobeni  for  comparison  I  then  refrained  from  naming  it.  Recently,  I  have 
found  two  adult  males  from  Cocachacra  (near  Islay)  in  the  collection  of  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York,  which  agree  perfectly  with  our  birds  from 
Caldera. 

G.  c.  deserticolor  resembles  G.  c.  frobeni,  of  the  Temperate  highlands  of  southern 
Peru  and  Bolivia,  in  the  pale  cinnamon  basal  portion  of  the  tail;  but  besides  being 
smaller,  it  differs  by  sandy  gray  (instead  of  rufescent  earthy- brown)  upper  parts, 
much  paler  and  more  whitish  wing  markings,  whitish  (not  buff)  sides  of  head  and 
under  surface,  with  the  dusky  chest-stripes  decidedly  more  developed,  and  particu- 
larly by  having  the  upper  tail  coverts  sandy  gray  like  the  back  instead  o  f  buffy- white. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  5 

1867,  p.  985 — Islay,  coast  of  Arequipa,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e., 

1868,  p.  569 — western  Peru  =  Islay. 

Geositta  frobeni  (not  of  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  6,  1890 — part,  spec,  c-f,  Islay,  Peru;  (?)  PHILIPPI,  Ornis,  4,  p.  158, 
1888— Brea,  Chile. 

Range :  Arid  littoral  of  northern  Chile  (Prov.  Atacama)  and  south- 
western Peru  (Prov.  Arequipa). 

9:    Chile  (Caldera,  Prov.  Atacama  9). 

*Geositta  cunicularia  hellmayri  Peters*.    HELLMAYR'S  MINER. 

Geositta  cunicularia  hellmayri  PETERS,  Occas.  Pap.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  5, 
p.  145,  1925 — Huanuluan,  Gob.  Rio  Negro  (type  examined). 

Geositta  fissirostris  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  465, 
1861 — Sierra  de  Uspallata,  near  Mendoza  (spec,  in  Halle  Museum  ex- 
amined). 

Geositta  cunicularia  cunicularia  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  p.  312, 1923 — Huanuluan,  Maquinchao,  Rio  Negro. 

Geositta  cunicularia  frobeni  (not  of  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  123,  1919 — part,  prov.  Mendoza  and  Catamarca. 

Range :  Western  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Mendoza  and  San  Juan, 
and  in  western  section  of  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro  (Lake  Nahuel  Huapi, 
Huanuluan,  Maquinchao). 

2:    Argentina  (Huanuluan  2). 

*Geositta  cunicularia  frobeni   (Philippi  and   Landbeck)b.     FROBEN'S 

MINER. 

CerthUauda  Frobeni  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  25,  Part  2,  p.  411, 
Sept.  1864 — Putre,  alt.  10,000  ft.,  "Peru"  =  Prov.  Tacna;  idem,  Arch.  Naturg., 
31  (i),  p.  62,  1865  (reprint  in  German). 

»  Geositta  cunicularia  hellmayri  PETERS:  Intermediate  between  G.  c.  fissirostris, 
of  Chile  and  G.  c.  frobeni,  of  Jujuy  and  Bolivia.  In  general  tone  of  upper 
and  under  parts  it  is  not  unlike  the  Chilean  form,  but  differs  in  larger  size,  mostly 
creamy  white  upper  tail  coverts,  lesser  development  of  dusky  spotting  on  chest,  and 
paler  cinnamomeous  basal  portion  of  tail.  It  agrees  with  G.  c.  frobeni  in  size,  col- 
oration of  upper  tail  coverts  and  reduced  dusky  chest-striping,  but  has  much  paler, 
sandy  grayish  brown  rather  than  earthy  brown  upper  parts.  From  G.  c.  cunicularia 
it  may  be  distinguished  by  decidedly  paler,  more  grayish  upper  parts,  much  more 
white  on  upper  tail  coverts,  less  buffy  under  surface,  paler  as  well  as  more  extensive 
light  basal  portion  of  tail,  and  larger  size.  Wing  (nine  adult  males)  97-101,  once  only 
94,  (four  adult  females)  95-99;  tail  54-58;  bill  17.5-19,  twice  20. 

An  adult  male  from  Mendoza  (U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  No.  237188)  and  another 
from  Sierra  de  Uspallata,  Prov.  Mendoza  (Halle  Museum,  coll.  H.  Burmeister)  are 
identical  in  coloration  with  the  series  from  Huanuluan,  Rio  Negro,  but  average 
slightly  larger  (wing  101,  103;  tail  59,  59;  bill  18.5-19).  Birds  from  Maquinchao 
form  the  transition  to  G.  c.  cunicularia.  Eighteen  specimens  examined. 

b  Geositta  cunicularia  frobeni  (PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  :  Differs  from  G.  c.  cuni- 
cularia, fissirostris  and  deserticolor  particularly  by  entirely  buffy  white  upper  tail- 
coverts,  lesser  development  of  dusky  spotting  on  chest,  and  paler,  buffy  or  even 
whitish  instead  of  cinnamomeous  basal  portion  of  tail.  Wing  (nine  males)  94-101, 
(three  females)  90-94;  tail  (male)  53-59i  once  63,  (female)  51-55;  bill  17.5-19. 
Seventeen  specimens  examined. 


6      FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Geositta  (Certhilauda)  frobeni  PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  29, 
pi.  21,  fig.  i,  1902 — Putre. 

Certhilauda  cunicularia  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  LAFRESNAYE  and  d'ORBiGNY,  Syn. 
Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  71,  1837 — part,  Cochabamba,  Bolivia  (spec, 
in  Paris  Museum  examined);  d'ORBiGNY,  Voyage  Am£r.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  358, 
1847 — part,  La  Paz,  Cochabamba,  Bolivia. 

(?)Geositta  cunicularia  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  189,  1902 — Tafi, 
Prov.  Tucuman,  alt.  2,200  metr. ;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  51, 
1905 — same  locality. 

Geositta  cunicularia  cunicularia  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  206, 
1909 — part,  Cerro  de  Jujuy,  alt.  2,400  metr. 

Geositta  frobeni  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  95,  1884  (ex  PHILIPPI  and  LAND- 
BECK)  ;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  133,  note,  1889 — Andahuaylas, 
Dept.  Ayacucho  (crit.)- 

Geositta  cunicularia  frobeni  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  44,  1906 — Andes  of  Arequipa  and  Cochabamba,  Bolivia  (crit.); 
BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  128,  1906 — Puno,  Peru;  MENE- 
GAUX, Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (10)  I,  p.  215,  1909 — part,  spec,  from  Pach- 
uras  Pazna,  Lake  Poopo,  Bolivia;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30, 
p.  123,  1919 — part,  excl.  Mendoza  and  San  Juan  (monog.). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  (from  6000  ft.  upwards)  of  the  Andes  in 
southern  Peru  (depts.  Ayacucho,  Arequipa,  and  Puno),  Bolivia  (depts. 
La  Paz,  Oruro,  and  Cochabamba),  northwestern  Chile  (Prov.  Tacna), 
and  northwestern  Argentina  (Prov.  Jujuy,  and  probably  Tucuman) ». 

2:    Peru  (Puno,  Dept.  Puno  2). 

*Geositta  cunicularia  juninensis  Taczanowskfi.    JUNIN  MINER. 

Geositta  cunicularia  juninensis  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  93,  1884 — vicinity 
of  Junin,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  370 — 
Banos,  Ingapirca,  Dept.  Junin. 

Geositta  cunicularia  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  524 
— Junin. 

Geositta  frobeni  (not  of  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
I5»  P-  6,  1890 — part,  spec,  d,  e,  Junin. 

Range:    Plateau  of  Junin,  Peru. 
3:     Peru  (Junin  3). 

a  No  specimens  from  Tacna  or  Tucuman  seen.  A  single  adult  male  from  La  Qui- 
aca,  Jujuy,  is  just  a  slight  shade  paler  above  than  a  series  from  Peru  (Puno,  Lake 
Titicaca)  and  Bolivia  (Chililaya,  Guaqui,  Cochabamba,  Oruro). 

b  Geositta  cunicularia  juninensis  TACZANOWSKI  :  Similar  to  G.  c.  frobeni  in  buff y 
white  upper  tail-coverts  and  basal  portion  of  rectrices;  but  with  slenderer  bill,  paler, 
more  grayish  upper  parts,  and  markings  on  chest  either  wholly  absent  or  reduced  to 
obsolete,  pale  brown  spots.  Wing  (three  males)  91,  97,  97,  (two  females)  90,  91; 
tail  (male)  57-58.5,  (female)  52,  54;  bill  17.5-18.3.  Five  specimens  from  Junin 
examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  7 

*Geositta  punensis  Dabbene*.     PUNA  MINER. 

Geositta  punensis  DABBENE,  Physis,  3,  No.  13,  p.  54,  March  1917 — La  Quiaca, 
Prov.  Jujuy,  Argentina;  idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  141,  1919 — 
Sierra  del  Caj<5n,  Salta;  La  Quiaca,  Jujuy;  Prov.  Catamarca  (monog.). 

Geositta  cunicularia  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1886,  p.  398 — 
Sacaya,  Sitana,  Prov.  Tarapaca  (spec,  examined);  PHILIPPI,  Ornis,  4,  p.  158, 
1888 — Pastes  Largos,  Prov.  Atacama,  Chile;  LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  449 — 
Moreno,  Puna  de  Jujuy  (crit.). 

Geositta  frobeni  (not  of  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  6,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Tarapaca;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  36 — Sacaya 
(spec,  examined). 

Geositta  cunicularia  frobeni  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (10),  I,  p.  215, 
1909 — part,  Tacora,  Tacna  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Puna  Zone  of  northwestern  Argentina  (prov.  Cata- 
marca, Salta,  and  Jujuy),  northern  Chile  (from  Tacna  to  Atacama),  and 
western  Bolivia  (Oruro). 

13:  Chile  (20  miles  east  of  San  Pedro,  12,600  ft.  8,  Ojo  de  San 
Pedro  i,  Rio  Inacaliri,  12,800  ft.,  Prov.  Antofagasta  2;  La  Cuevas, 
Prov.  Tacna  2). 

Geositta  antarctica  Landbeckb.    SHORT-BILLED  MINER. 

Geositta  antarctica  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  46  (i),  p.  274,  pi.  12,  1880 — Tierra 
del  Fuego;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  133,  1890 — Elizabeth  Isl., 

a  Geositta  punensis  DABBENE,  an  exceedingly  distinct  species,  differs  from  G.  cuni- 
cularia frobeni  found  in  the  same  region,  by  shorter,  weaker,  apically  much  more 
curved  bill,  pinkish  cinnamon  (instead  of  buffy  white)  upper  tail-coverts,  and  by 
lacking  every  trace  of  spotting  on  the  chest.  From  G.  rufipennis  fasciata  it  can  easily 
be  told  by  much  smaller  size,  very  differently-shaped  bill,  and  the  absence  of  rufous 
under  the  wing  and  on  the  flanks. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

One  male,  La  Quiaca,  Jujuy  87  50  16 

One  male,  Lago  Blanco,  Catamarca  90  53  18 

Two  males,  Tacna  94,  96  58,  59  16,  16 

Four  males,  Antofagasta  89-92  51-57  15-16 

Two  males,  Oruro,  Bolivia  92,  92  55,  56  14.5,  16 

Seven  females,  Antofagasta  S6-92/  51-57  14.5-16 

One  female,  Oruro,  Bolivia  89.5  52  15 

The  Oruro  birds,  courteously  lent  by  the  Carnegie  Museum,  are  identical  with 
those  from  Antofagasta  while  the  topotype  from  La  Quiaca,  Jujuy  is  very  slightly 
more  buffy  above.  The  male  from  Catamarca  is  much  paler,  more  sandy  and  has  a 
much  larger  bill. 

b  Geositta  antarctica  LANDBECK:  In  general  appearance  not  unlike  G.  c.  cunicu- 
laria, but  immediately  recognizable  by  much  longer  wings  and  straighter  as  well  as 
shorter  bill,  by  having  very  little,  if  any  dusky  spotting  on  the  chest,  and  by  the  differ- 
ent coloration  of  the  wings.  The  bright  tawny  area  on  the  basal  portion  of  the  quills, 


8      FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Straits  of  Magellan;  PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  15,  Zool.,  p.  32,  pi.  22, 
fig.  2,  1902 — Tierra  del  Fuego;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30, 
p.  127,  1919 — Bahia  Porvenir,  Tierra  del  Fuego;  La  Paz,  Prov.  Mendoza 
(monog.,  range);  (?)  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  180,  1923 — Valle 
de  los  Piuquenes,  Chile. 

Geositta  longipennis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  133,  1890 — Eliza- 
beth Isl.,  Straits  of  Magellan  (type  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum  examined);  DAB- 
BENE, Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  287,  1910  (ex  RIDGWAY). 

Geositta  brevirostris  SCOTT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  10,  p.  Ixiii,  1900 — Mount  Tigre, 
Patagonia  (type)  and  "Central  Chile"  (spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  examined); 
SALVADORI,  Ann.  Mus.  Civ.  Stor.  Nat.  Geneva,  (2)  20,  p.  617,  1900 — Santa 
Cruz,  Patagonia. 

Geositta  cunicularia  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  150,  1918 — 
Alto  Verde,  Prov.  Mendoza  (spec,  now  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum  examined). 

Geositta  sp.  REED,  Aves  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  29,  1916 — La  Paz,  Prov.  Mendoza. 

Range :  Tierra  del  Fuego,  southern  Patagonia  (Santa  Cruz,  Mount 
Tigre)  and  Straits  of  Magellan  (Elizabeth  Island) ;  also  recorded  from 
western  Argentina  (Alto  Verde,  La  Paz,  Prov.  Mendoza ;  Valle  del  Lago 
Blanco,  Chubut)  and  "Central  Chile"'. 

*Geositta  isabellina  (Philippi  and  Landbeck)*.    ISABELLINE  MINER. 

Certhilauda  isabellina  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  25,  Part  2, 
p.  412,  Sept.  1864 — Cordilleras  of  Prov.  Santiago,  Valle  Largo  and  Los 

so  conspicuous  a  feature  in  the  allied  G.  c.  cunicularia,  is  but  slightly  suggested  by  a 
dull  isabelline  tinge  on  the  inner  web  of  the  second  to  the  fifth  or  sixth  primary  while 
the  remaining  primaries  and  the  secondaries  are  nearly  uniform  drab  brown,  without 
a  distinct  dusky  subterminal  band.  Besides,  the  wing  is  more  pointed,  the  first  pri- 
nary  falling  between  the  third  and  fourth,  instead  of  between  the  fourth  and  fifth 
as  is  invariably  the  case  in  G.  cunicularia,  and  the  light  colored  base  of  the  lower 
mandible  is  less  sharply  defined,  in  young  birds  even  obsolete.  The  upper  tail-cov- 
erts are  buffy  white  as  in  G.  c.  frobeni.  Wing  (four  females)  103,  103,  106,  108;  tail 
57.  58,  60,  61;  bill  13-14.5.  Nine  specimens  examined. 

a  The  specimen  from  "Central  Chile"  (exact  locality  not  stated)  in  the  British 
Museum,  marked  by  W.  E.  D.  Scott  "G.  brevirostris,  Cotype,"  I  found  to  be  identi- 
cal in  every  detail  with  an  adult  female,  secured  by  L.  Plate  in  January,  1895,  at 
Punta  Anegada,  Tierra  del  Fuego,  and  perserved  in  the  Berlin  Museum.  An  un- 
sexed  adult  from  Alto  Verde,  Prov.  Mendoza,  July  6,  1913,  obtained  by  Renato 
Sanzin,  and  an  adult  female  taken  by  C.  Reed  near  Mendoza  in  April  1915  (U.  S. 
Nat.  Museum  Nos.  237189,  237187)  agree,  in  proportions,  shape  of  bill,  and  pattern 
of  wings  with  the  type  of  G.  longipennis  RIDGW.,  from  Elizabeth  Isl.  The  absence  of 
the  light  base  to  the  lower  mandible  in  Ridgway's  type  is  doubtless  due  to  its  imma- 
turity which,  besides,  is  emphasized  by  certain  color-characters  (e.g.  whitish  streaks 
on  forehead,  and  conspicuous  white  apical  margins  to  the  outer  primaries)  and  the 
fluffy  texture  of  the  body  plumage. 

I  expect  that  both  "Central  Chile"  and  Mendoza  will  prove  to  be  winter  records. 
The  breeding  range  of  G.  antarctica  is  probably  restricted  to  southern  Patagonia  and 
Tierra  del  Fuego. 

b  Geositta  isabellina  (PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  :  Although  not  unlike  G.  cunicularia 
frobeni  in  general  color,  this  is  a  very  distinct  species,  immediately  recognizable  by 
its  large  size,  and  by  lacking  the  dusky  edges  on  the  chest  and  the  cinnamon-rufous 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  9 

Piuquenes,  at  elev.  of  7,000  to  10,000  ft.;  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  31  (i),  p.  63, 
1865    (German    translation). 

Geositta  isabellina  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  323 — Chile;  idem,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  7 — Cordillera  of  Santiago;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La 
Plata,  6,  p.  291,  1895 — Catamarca;  GOSSE  in  FITZGERALD,  The  Highest 
Andes,  p.  344,  1899 — Puente  del  Inca,  Sierra  de  Mendoza;  MENEGAUX  and 
HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Auttm,  19,  p.  45,  1906 — Santiago;  DAB- 
BENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  287,  1910 — Mendoza,  Catamarca; 
REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  29,  1916 — Precordillera  of  Mendoza;  DAB- 
BENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  130,  1919 — monog.,  range;  Santa 
Catalina,  Prov.  Jujuy;  La  Cuevas,  Mendoza;  (?)  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist. 
Nat.,  24,  p.  143,  1920 — seen  at  Nilahue",  Prov.  Curic6,  Chile. 

Geositta  (Certhilauda)  isabellina  PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  15,  Zool.,  p.  31, 
pi.  22,  fig.  i,  1902 — Chile. 

Range :  Andes  of  central  Chile  (from  Prov.  Coquimbo  to  Santiago) 
and  western  Argentina  (prov.  Mendoza,  Catamarca,  and  Jujuy) a. 

i :    Chile  (Banos  del  Toro,  Prov.  Coquimbo  i). 

*Geositta  saxicolina  Taczanowskib.    BLACK-WINGED  MINER. 

Geositta  saxicolina  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  524 — Junin»  Peru; 
idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  98,  1884 — plateau  of  Junin;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  8,  1890 — Junin;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  370 — Ingapirca,  Macabamba  near  Tarma. 

Range :    Plateau  of  Junin,  Peru, 
i:    Peru  (Junin  i). 

*Geositta  peruviana  peruviana  Lafresnaye.    LITTLE  MINER. 

Geositta  peruviana  LAFRESNAYE",  Rev.  Zool.,  10,  p.  75,  1847 — vicinity  of  Lima; 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  98 — dusty  plains  of  Lima;  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1874,  P-  524 — Lima;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  230 — Pacasmayo;  idem,  Orn. 

area  on  the  basal  portion  of  the  outer  web  of  the  primaries.  Wing  120-122 ;  tail  65-66; 
bill  20-21.  Ten  specimens  from  Bafios  del  Toro,  Coquimbo,  and  the  Cordillera  of 
Santiago,  Chile,  and  three  from  Puente  del  Inca,  Prov.  Mendoza  examined. 

a  Three  specimens  from  Puente  del  Inca,  Mendoza,  which  were  examined  in  the 
British  Museum,  agree  with  others  from  Chile. 

b  Geositta  saxicolina  TACZ. :  Differs  from  G.  cunicularia  juninensis  TACZ.,  like- 
wise occurring  in  the  Junin  district,  by  longer  wings  and  tail,  straighter  bill,  decidedly 
darker  upper  parts,  deep  buff  (instead  of  creamy- white)  superciliaries,  pure  white 
axillars,  under  wing-coverts  and  inner  quill-lining,  and  uniform  blackish  remiges. 
There  is  no  trace  of  dusky  markings  on  the  chest.  Wing  (adult  female)  106;  tail  64; 
bill  16. 

0  Lafresnaye's  name,  based  on  a  single  female  obtained  by  Adolph  Delattre,  un- 
questionably refers  to  the  present  species  (and  not  to  G.  maritima),  as  is  evident 
from  the  description  of  the  bill  ("bee  qui  n'est  pas  jaune  a  sa  base  infe'rieure") ,  wings 
("remigibus  primariis  [duabis  primis  exceptis]  intus  fere  usque  ad  extremum  pallide 
runs")  and  tail  ("rectrices  nigrae,  prima  laterali  basi  rufescente,  limbo  externo  apice- 
que  albis,  secundo  basi  limboque  externo  basali  rufescentibus"). 


io    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

P£r.,  2,  p.  i  oo,  1884 — Lima,  Pacasmayo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  i, 
p.  8, 1890 — Lima;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p.  381 — 
Lima,  Chorillos,  Yea;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1899,  p.  51 — type 
from  Lima  in  Coll.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila. ;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc. 
Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  46,  1906 — Lima,  Callao. 

Range:  Arid  littoral  of  Peru,  from  Prov.  Yea  north  to  Prov.  Lib- 
ertad  (Trujillo,  Pacasmayo)8. 

9:    Peru  (Trujillo  i,  Pacasmayo  8). 

Geositta  peruviana  paytae  Menegaux  and  Hellmayr*.     PAYTA  MINER. 

Geositta  paytae  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19, 
p.  46,  1906 — Payta,  Dept.  Piura,  Peru. 

Geositta  peruviana  paytae  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  452,  1918 — Payta  (crit.). 
Range:    Arid  littoral  of  northwestern  Peru  (Payta,  Dept.  Piura). 

*Geositta  maritima  (Lafresnaye  and  d'Orbigny)0.    SHORE  MINER. 

Certhilauda  maritima  LAFRESNAYE  and  d'ORBiGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  72,  1837 — Cobija,  " Bolivia"  =  northern  Chile  (type  in  Paris  Mus- 
eum examined);  d'ORBiGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  360,  pi.  44,  fig.  i, 
1847 — Cobija. 

Geositta  maritima  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  101,  1884 — Lima,  Peru;  MENE- 
GAUX and  HELLMAYR,  Mein.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  47,  1906 — Cobija 
(crit.1. 

Range:  Arid  littoral  of  northern  Chile  (prov.  Atacama,  Anto- 
fagasta,  and  Tarapaca)  and  western  Peru  (Lima)d. 

•  This  form  is  possibly  divisible  into  two  local  races,  birds  from  the  coast  of  Prov. 
Libertad  (Pacasmayo,  Viru)  being  decidedly  paler,  more  sandy  above,  thus  pointing 
to  the  still  paler  G.  peruviana  paytae.   Most  of  our  birds,  however,  appear  to  be  im- 
mature, and  one  adult  from  Trujillo  more  nearly  resembles  four  skins  from  Lima. 
More  satisfactory  material  is  required  for  definite  conclusion. 

b  Geositta  peruviana  paytae  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  G.  p.peruviana, 
but  above  conspicuously  paler,  about  "drab  gray",  with  the  markings  on  wing-coverts 
and  tertials,  and  superciharies  more  whitish,  less  buffy.  Wing  (six  specimens)  77-79; 
tail  52.5-56;  bill  14.5-15. 

•  Geositta  maritima  (LAFRESNAYE  and  d'ORBiBNY) :    Supercifically  resembling  G.  p. 
peruviana,  but  bill  more  slender  with  the  basal  two- thirds  of  the  lower  mandible  yellow 
(flesh-color  in  life),  abruptly  defined  against  the  blackish  tip;  upper  parts  smoke 
gray  instead  of  brownish  gray;  superciliaries  and  auriculars  deeper,  light  pinkish 
cinnamon  rather  than  buffy  whitish;  axillars,  under  wingcoverts,  and  an  extensive 
area  on  the  flanks  light  vinaceous  cinnamon;  remiges  uniform  mouse  gray,  without 
any  rufous;  outer  web  of  outermost  rectrix  pale  ochraceous  buff  instead  of  white; 
no  light-colored  zone  at  base  of  remaining  rectrices  or  on  inner  web  of  outermost 
pair.   Wing  (thirteen  males)  82-89,  (three  females)  82-86;  tail  49-57;  bill  14-15. 

Four  specimens  from  Lima  (Coll.  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New 
York)  are  slightly  darker  above,  under  the  wings  and  on  the  flanks. 

d  I  cannot  imagine  what  Geositta  maritima  REED  (Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  29, 
1916)  from  the  "Precordillera  of  Mendoza"  might  possibly  be. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  n 

13:  Chile  (Domeyko,  63  kilom.  s.  of  Vallenar  2,  Caldera  2,  Rama- 
dilla,  Copiapo  Valley,  Prov.  Atacama  3 ;  Chintaguai,  Prov.  Tarapacd  6) . 

*Geositta  rufipennis  rufipennis  (Burmeister}.    RED-WINGED  MINER. 

Ceobamon  rufipennis  BURMEISTER",  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  p.  249,  1860 — near  "Parana, 
Entrerios,"  errore!  (types  in  Halle  Museum  examined);  idem,  Reise  La  Plata 
St.,  2,  p.  465,  1861 — near  "Parana";  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Argent.  Ornith., 
i,  p.  1 66,  1888  (ex  BURMEISTER). 

Geositta  rufipennis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  7,  1890 — part,  Argentina; 
BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  254,  1904 — Santa  Catalina,  Jujuy;  BAER, 
Ornis,  12,  p.  221,  1904 — Lara,  Prov.  Tucuman;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc., 
3,  p.  51,  1905 — Cerro  Munoz,  Lara,  Prov.  Tucuman;  HARTERT  and  VEN- 
TURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  1 6,  p.  206,  1909 — Tilcara,  Prov.  Jujuy;  Sierras  of  Tucu- 
man; DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  287,  1910 — part,  prov. 
Tucuman  and  Jujuy. 

Geositta  rufipennis  fasciata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAVR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  45,  1906 — part,  spec,  e,  Lara,  Prov.  Tucuman. 

Geositta  rufipennis  burmeisteri  DABBENE,  Physis,  3,  No.  13,  p.  55,  March  1917 — 
El  Volcan,  Prov.  Jujuy;  idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  137,  1919 — 
El  Volcan,  Maimara,  Tilcara,  Santa  Catalina,  Prov.  Jujuy;  Lara,  Cerro 
Mufioz,  Prov.  Tucuman;  Huancaya,  Prov.  Catamarca  (monog.). 

Range:  Andes  of  northwestern  Argentina,  in  provinces  of 
Catamarca,  Tucuman,  and  Jujuy,  at  elevations  of  from  6,000  to 
13,000  feet. 

2:    Argentina  (Maimara,  Prov.  Jujuy  2). 

Geositta  rufipennis  subspA 

Geositta  rufipennis  rufipennis  (not  of  BURMEISTER)  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 

*  Much  to  my  regret,  I  am  unable  to  concur  with  R.  Dabbene  in  his  disposition 
of  the  name  rufipennis.  Some  time  after  receiving  his  elaborate  paper  on  the  genera 
Geositta  and  Cinclodes,  I  once  more  borrowed  from  the  Halle  Museum  the  marked 
types  of  G.  rufipennis  and  found  them  indistinguishable  from  specimens  taken  at 
Maimara  (Jujuy)  and  Lara  (Tucuman),  for  which  M.  Dabbene  provides  the  new 
term  burmeisteri.  There  are  three  specimens  in  the  Museum,  marked  "Parana, 
Geobamon  rufipennis  Burm.  Type"  by  Burmeister  himself:  one,  an  adult,  stated  to 
have  been  taken  in  July  1858,  the  others,  young  birds,  in  June  1858.  According  to 
the  Museum  registers,  no  other  examples  of  the  species  were  included  in  Burmeister's 
Argentine  collection.  The  under  parts  of  the  adult  bird  are  pale  grayish  buff  (whitish 
on  throat,  more  buffy  on  the  abdomen),  exactly  as  in  one  of  the  Maimara  specimens, 
while  the  young  birds,  with  their  lighter  creamy  whitish  lower  surface,  are  more  like  a 
male  from  Lara,  Prov.  Tucuman.  The  term  "rothlichgrau",  used  by  Burmeister  in 
the  preliminary  description  (1860),  corresponds  well  to  the  adult  bird  of  the  Halle 
Museum.  The  passage:  "Unterseite  weiss;  die  Brust  gelbgrau  uberlaufen,"  as  given 
in  the  "Reise,"  can,  without  difficulty,  be  construed  as  a  more  exact  expression  of 
the  same  bird's  actual  coloration,  the  breast  being,  in  fact,  slightly  more  grayish 
buff  than  either  throat  or  abdomen.  Under  these  circumstances,  I  do  not  see 
how  we  can  avoid  using  Burmeister's  name  rufipennis  for  the  pale-bellied  form  of 
northwestern  Argentina,  and  we  accordingly  suggest  Sierra  of  Tucuman  as  type 
locality. 

b  Geositta  rufipennis  subsp. :  Three  adult  females  (in  worn  breeding  plumage) 
from  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro  (two  from  Huanuluan,  one  from  head  of  Arroyo  Cumallo) 


12    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

B.  Aires,  30,  p.  132,  1919 — part,  Leleque,  Chubut;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zoo}.,  65,  p.  312,  1923 — El  Escorial,  Huanuluan,  Talagapa,  Gob.  del 
Rio  Negro. 

Range :  Western  Argentina,  in  the  elevated  districts  of  the  provinces 
of  Rio  Negro  (Huanuluan ;  head  of  Arroyo  Cumallo)  and  Chubut  (Lele- 
que, Maiten). 

*Geositta  rufipennis  fasciata  (Philippi  and  Landbeck}*.  BANDED  MINER. 

Geobamon  fasciatus  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  25,  Part  2,  p.  415, 
Sept.  1864 — prov.  Santiago  and  Colchagua,  Chile;  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  31 
(i),  p.  68,  1865  (reprint  in  German). 

Geositta  fasciata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  323 — Chile;  GOSSE  in  FITZ- 
GERALD, The  Highest  Andes,  p.  344,  1899 — Horcones  and  Cuevas  Valleys, 
12,000  ft.,  Aconcagua  district,  Prov.  Mendoza  (spec,  examined). 

Geositta  rufipennis  (not  of  BURMEISTER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  7, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a-d,  f,  g,  Santiago,  Chile,  Bolivia;  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb., 
Suppl.,  4,  p.  710,  1898 — part,  No.  42,  86,  Ovalle,  Totoralillo,  near  Coquimbo. 

Geositta  (Geobamon)  rufipennis  PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  30, 
pi.  21,  fig.  2,  1902 — Chile. 

Geositta  rufipennis  fasciata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  45,  1906 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Chile  (crit.). 

Geositta  rufipennis  REED,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  270,  1919 — Casa  de  Piedra,  Prov. 
Mendoza  (nest  descr.). 

Geositta  rufipennis  rufipennis  (errore)  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  179, 
1923 — Cordilleras  of  Aconcagua;  Cerros  de  Reuca,  Prov.  Santiago. 

Range:  Andes  of  Chile  (south  to  Colchagua),  western  Bolivia 
(Oruro)b,  and  western  Argentina  (Prov.  Mendoza) c. 

24:  Chile  (Caldera  3,  Quebrada  del  Leon,  near  Caldera  12,  Dom- 
eyko,  Prov.  Atacama  i ,  Romero  i ;  Bafios  del  Toro,  Prov.  Coquimbo  5 ; 
Maipo  i,  San  Bernardo,  Prov.  Santiago  i). 

and  a  newly  molted  male  from  Maiten,  Rio  Chubut  agree  in  size  with  G.  r.  rufipennis, 
of  Jujuy,  but  the  upper  parts  are  gray  without  any  brownish  tinge,  while  the  breast 
is  more  strongly  shaded  with  grayish.  They  look  different  from  typical  rufipennis, 
as  I  understand  it,  but  some  of  our  Chilean  specimens,  notably  those  from  Santiago 
run  so  very  close  in  coloration  that  I  do  not  venture  to  separate  the  form  without 
more  satisfactory  material.  Wing  (male)  no,  (three  females)  109,  no,  no;  tail 
61-65;  bill  14.5-16. 

•  Geositta  rufipennis  fasciata  (PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  :  Very  similar  to  G.  r.  rufi- 
pennis, but  smaller  (wing  98-105  against  107-113;  tail  57-63  against  62-68),  and 
rufous  under  the  wings  and  on  flanks  on  average  lighter.  This  is  rather  un  unsatis- 
factory form,  nearly  all  of  its  alleged  characters  proving  to  be  variable. 

b  An  adult  male  and  three  immature  birds  taken  by  J.  Steinbach  at  Oruro,  Bolivia, 
in  December  1921,  and  kindly  loaned  by  the  Carnegie  Museum,  are  perfectly  identi- 
cal with  the  Chilean  series. 

c  Three  specimens  from  Puente  del  Inca,  coll.  Fitzgerald,  in  the  British  Museum 
are  identical  with  those  from  Chile,  being  much  deeper  buff  below  than  rufipennis, 
and  much  less  grayish  throughout  as  well  as  smaller  than  the  Chubut  race. 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  13 

"Geositta  tenuirostris  (Lafresnaye) .    SLENDER-BILLED  MINER. 

Alauda  tenuirostris  LAFRESNAYE,  Mag.  Zool.,  6,  cl.  2,  p.  7  of  text  to  pi.  58-59, 
1836 — coll.  d'Orbigny  (no  locality  given,  the  types  examined  in  Paris  Mus- 
eum are  from  Sicasica,  Bolivia). 

Certhilauda  tenuirostris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  72,  1837 — Sicasica,  Cochabamba,  Bolivia;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voy. 
Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  359,  pi.  43,  fig.  2,  1847 — Cavari,  Prov.  Sicasica;  Cocha- 
bamba, Bolivia. 

Ceositta  tenuirostris^  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  153 — Tinta, 
Tungasuca,  s.e.  of  Cuzco,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  l.c.,  1874,  P-  524 — Maray- 
nioc;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  200 — Cutervo;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  96,  1884 — 
Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  9,  1890 — Tungasuca,  Tinta,  Peru, 
Bolivia;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  13,  1895 — Cajamarca;  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  371 — Ingapirca,  Tarma,  Junin  distr.; 
LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  189,  1902 — Sierra  de  Malamala,  Prov. 
Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  51,  1905 — same  locality;  BAER, 
Ornis,  12,  p.  221,  1904 — Lara,  Prov.  Tucuman;  MENEGAUX  and  HELL M AYR, 
Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  49,  1906 — Sicasica,  Bolivia;  Lara, 
Tucuman;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  206,  1909 — Prov.  Tucu- 
man; DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  287,  1910— -Cuesta  de  Mala- 
mala, (?)  Mendoza;  idem,  I.e.,  30,  p.  144,  1919  (monog.,  range);  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  81,  1921 — La  Raya,  Cuzco,  Occobamba  Pass, 
Huaracondo  Canyon,  Tirapata,  Puno,  Peru;  Tafi  del  Valle,  Prov.  Tucuman, 
Tilcara,  Prov.  Jujuy. 

Upucerthia  juninensis  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  35,  p.  20,  1914 — Junin,  Peru. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Peru  (from  Dept.  Caja- 
marca southward),  Bolivia,  and  northwestern  Argentina  (prov.  Jujuy 
and  Tucuman)b. 

7:  Peru  (Mts.  near  Otuzco  i,  Huanuco  Mts.  2,  Huanuco  Viejo  2, 
Junin  i);  Argentina  (Lara,  Prov.  Tucuman  i). 

*Geositta  crassirostris  Sclater.    THICK-BILLED  MINER. 

Ceositta  crassirostris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  98 — "on  the  hills  around 
Lima  and  by  the  sea-side";  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  10,  pi.  i,  1890 — 
Lima;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  95,  1884 — Lima. 

•  Geositta  tenuirostris  apud  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  p.  249,  1860 — "bei 
Mendoza  and  Parand" — was  an  erroneous  record  (see  Bunneister,  Reise  La  Plata  St. 
2,  p.  465,  1861).  There  is  no  reliable  authority  for  its  occurrence  in  either. of  these 
localities. 

b  With  eight  specimens  from  northern  Peru  (Cajamarca,  Otuzco),  one  from  Junin, 
eleven  from  Cuzco,  four  from  Huanuco,  one  from  Bolivia  (Iquico)  and  two  from 
Prov.  Tucuman  (Cuesta  de  Malamala,  Lara)  before  me  I  am  unable  to  make  out 
any  local  races  although  there  is  much  individual  variation  in  the  shade  of  both  upper 
and  lower  parts.  Birds  from  Tucuman  are  rather  more  grayish  above  than  the  others, 
but  are  exactly  matched  by  one  from  Junin.  Specimens  from  northern  Peru  average 
very  slightly  smaller. 


14    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII.  . 

(?)  Geositta  fortis  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,*  Ornis,  n,  No.  2-3,  p.  194,  Nov. 
1901 — Pauza,  Loichos,  Dept.  Ayacucho;  idem,  I.e.,  13,  p.  70 — same  locali- 
ties. 

Range:    Western  Peru,  in  depts.  Lima  (Matucana,  Lima)  and  Aya- 
cucho (Pauza,  Loichos),  from  sea-level  up  to  8,000  feet. 

3:    Peru  (Matucana,  above  Lima  3). 

Genus  FURNARIUS  Vieillot. 

Furnarius  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  nouv.  Ornith.  e!6m.,  p.  47,  1816 — type  "Fournillier" 
Buffon  =  Fournier  (Hist.  Nat.  Ois.,  £dit.  Impr.  Roy.,  6,  p.  523)  =  Merops 
rufus  GMELIN. 

Opetiorynchos  TEMMINCK,  Man.  d'Orn.,  2nd  ed.,  i,  p.  LXXXIII,  1820 — type  by 
monotypy  Merops  rufus  GMELIN. 

Figulus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  I,  p.  76,  1824 — type  by  monotypy  Figulus  albogularis 
SPIX. 

Ipnodomus  GLOGER,  Gemeinnutz.  Hand-  &  Hilfsbuch  Naturg.,  p.  304,  1842 — 
type  by  monotype  Turdus  figulus  LICHTENSTEIN. 

*Fumarius  rufus  rufus  (Gmelin).    RED  OVEN-BIRD. 

Merops  rufus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  465,  1788 — based  on  Buffon  &  Dau- 
benton,  PI.  enl.  739,  Buenos  Aires. 

Furnarius  rufus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  64,  1839 — Banda  Oriental, 
banks  of  the  La  Plata,  Maldonado;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  me'rid.,  Ois., 
p.  250,  1839 — part,  mouth  of  the  La  Plata,  Buenos  Aires,  Corrientes;  BUR- 
MEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  248,  1860 — Argentina;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St., 
2,  p.  462,  1861 — eastern  Argentina;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1868,  p.  140 — Conchitas;  STERNBERG,  Journ.  Orn.,  17,  p.  264,  1869 — Buenos 
Aires  (breeding  habits);  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  252,  1874 — Rio 
Guayquiraro,  Corrientes;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  160 — Buenos  Aires;  idem, 
I.e.,  1877,  p.  179 — Baradero;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  16 — Cape  San  Antonio 
(breeding  habits) :  idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  280 — Paysandu,  Uruguay;  DALGLEISH, 
Proc.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edin.,  6,  p.  242,  1881 — Est.  Tala,  Prov.  Durazno, 
Uruguay  (eggs  descr.);  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  609 — Monte  Grande 
(breeding  habits) ;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  204,  1883 — Concep- 
tion del  Uruguay,  Entrerios;  HOLMBERG,  Act.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  5,  p.  79, 
1884 — La  Tinta,  Prov.  B.  Aires;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn., 
2,  p.  141,  1885 — Taquara,  Arroio  Grande,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  167,  1888 — Argentina,  Uruguay;  WITHINGTON, 
Ibis,  1888,  p.  467 — Lomas  de  Zamora;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac. 
Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  400,  1890 — Cordoba;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  n,  1890 — part,  Uruguay  and  Argentina;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  425; 

•  Geositta  fortis  is  almost  certainly  synonymous  with  G.  crassirostris.  Sclater's 
type  which  I  have  examined  is  a  young  bird  whose  bill  has  not  attained  its  full 
length.  The  adults  from  Matucana  are  quite  as  large  (wing  93-97;  bill  27-28.5)  as 
the  types  of  G.  fortis,  and  differ  considerably  among  themselves  in  the  shade  of  the 
upper  parts,  one  being  much  darker  than  the  others. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  15 

1892,  p.  201 — Est.  Espartillar;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  p.  181 — Uruguay;  IHERING, 
Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  128,  1899 — Mundo  Novo,  Sao 
Lourenco,  Pedras  Brancas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  idem,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i,  p.  227, 
1907  (range);  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  126 — part,  Las  Ynglases,  Aj6,  Prov. 
Buenos  Aires;  Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIBSON,  I.e.,  1918,  p.  407 — Cape  San 
Antonio,  B.  Aires;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  19,  1920 — Uruguay; 
DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  2,  p.  228,  1921  (nest);  idem,  I.e.,  2,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas, 
Prov.  B.  Aires;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  47,  1923 — Rio  Alcaraz,  near 
Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  (?)  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  72 — La  Rioja;.  PEREYRA, 
l.c.,  p.  167 — Zelaya,  B.  Aires. 

Furnarius  rufus  rufus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  49 — part,  spec,  a-c,  f ,  g,  Montevideo,  Maldonado,  Corrientes;  Boavista, 
"Saint- Paul"8;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  207,  1909 — part, 
Monte,  Barracas  al  Sud.  Prov.  B.  Aires;  Mocovi,  Prov.  Santa  Fe";  La  Soledad, 
Entrerios;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  288,  1910 — part,  excl. 
.  .  Tucuman;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  391,  1916 — La  Plata;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero, 
i,  p.  167,  1918 — Isla  do  San  Martin  Garcia;  (?)  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza, 
p.  30,  1916 — Mendozab;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  (Buenos  Aires) 
for  1922-23,  p.  639,  1924 — eastern  Argentina,  Uruguay. 

Furnarius  badius  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  PELZELN,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  403 — part, 
Buenos  Aires,  Conchitas,  Banda  Oriental0. 

Range:  Southern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Santa 
Catharina,  and  Parand  (Boavista,  Morungaba);  Uruguay;  eastern 
Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Corrientes,  Entrerios,  Santa  Fe,  Cordoba, 
and  Buenos  Airesd. 

12:  Argentina  (Estancia  La  Maria  Luisa,  Bonifacio,  F.  C.  Sud, 
near  Guamini,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  4,  Noetinger,  F.  C.  C.  A.,  Prov. 
Cordoba  8). 

a  Boavista,  erroneously  assumed  by  the  authors  (l.c.  p.  50)  to  be  in  Santa  Cath- 
arina, is — as  we  learn  from  Saint-Hilaire's  "Voyage  dans  les  prov.  Saint-Paul  et 
Sainte-Cathe'rine,"  2,  p.  39,  1851 — a  farm,  not  far  from  the  Rio  Jaguaraiba,  five  days' 
journey  south  of  Itarare",  State  of  Parana. 

b  No  reliable  record  appears  to  exist  for  the  occurrence  of  the  Oven-bird  in  the 
Prov.  of  Mendoza. 

0  Pelzeln  was  misled  in  his  conclusions  by  a  wrongly  labeled  example.  On  exam- 
ining "the  typical  specimen  (female)  [of  F.  badius]  received  in  1824  from  the  Museum 
at  Berlin"  (Ibis,  1881,  p.  404),  I  find  it  very  different  from  the  Oven-bird  of  Sao 
Paulo,  Rip  de  Janeiro,  and  Minas  Geraes  (F.  r.  badius).  It  agrees,  however,  minutely 
with  specimens  of  typical  rufus  from  Buenos  Aires,  and  in  spite  of  the  locality  "Sao 
Paulo"  on  the  old  Museum  tag  (there  is  no  original  label)  I  am  perfectly  convinced 
that  it  was  actually  collected  much  farther  south,  either  in  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  or  in 
Argentina. 

d  Birds  from  southern  Brazil  (Parana,  Rio  Grande  do  Sol),  Entrerios,  Uruguay 
and  Cordoba  (Noetinger)  are  absolutely  identical  with  those  from  Buenos  Aires, 
and  show  not  the  slightest  approach  to  the  neighboring  races  badius  and  commersoni. 
Material  examined:  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  15,  Uruguay  4,  Entrerios  (Concepcion  del 
Uruguay)  i,  Noetinger,  Prov.  Cordoba  8,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (Sao  Lourenco,  Arroio 
Grande,  Taquara,  Santa  Maria,  Bage)  5,  Parana  (Boavista,  Morungaba  )  2. 


16    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Furnarius  rufus  paraguayae  Cherrie  and  Reichenberger*.    INTERMEDI- 
ATE RED  OVEN-BIRD. 

Furnarius  rufus  paraguayae  CHERRIE  and  REICHENBERGER,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit., 
27t  P-  5>  Dec.  1921 — Puerto  Pinasco,  Paraguay  (type  examined). 

Furnarius  rufus  (not  of  GMELIN)  DALGLEISH,  Prov.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edin.,  10, 
p.  79,  1889 — Ytafiu,  Paraguay;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  131 — Fortin  Donovan, 
R.  Pilcomayo;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  12,  1895 — 
Paraguari,  Luque,  Paraguay;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  226 — Villa  Concepcion, 
Paraguay,  Chaco;  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  134,  1902 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  189,  1902 — 
Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  51,  1905 — Tucuman;  BAER, 
Ornis,  12,  p.  222,  1904 — Santa  Ana,  Tapia,  Tucuman;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910, 
p.  523 — Sapucay;  GRANT,  I.e.,  1911,  p.  126 — part,  Santa  Rosa,  Tayru  (Para- 
guay), Col.  Mihanovitch  (Terr.  Formosa),  Porto  Esperanca  (Matto  Grosso). 

Furnarius  rufus  rufus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  49, 1906 — part,  spec,  h,  Tapia,  Tucuman;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov, 
Zool.,  16,  p.  207,  1909 — part,  Santa  Ana,  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  288,  1910 — part,  Tucuman. 

Furnarius  albigularis  (not  of  SPIX)  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  222,  1904 — Santa  Ana, 
Tucuman. 

Furnarius  rufus  commersoni  (not  of  PELZELN)  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  23,  p.  305,  1912 — Villa  Rica,  Paraguay  (crit.);  CHERRIE  and  REICHEN- 
BERGER, Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  27,  p.  6,  1921 — part,  Perico  (Jujuy),  Embarca- 

ci6n  (Salta). 

Range:  Paraguay,  and  northern  Argentina  (in  prov.  Formosa, 
Chaco,  Santiago  del  Estero,  Tucuman,  Salta,  and  Jujuy). 

*Furnarius  rufus  commersoni  Pelzeln*.  COMMERSON'S  OVEN-BIRD. 

Furnarius  commersoni  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,    i,   p.   34,   note   2,    1868, — part, 

•  Furnarius  rufus  paraguayae  CHERRIE  and  REICHENBERGER:  Similar  to  F.  r . 
rufus,  but  smaller ;  upper  parts  less  grayish ;  forehead  and  nape  more  decidedly  washed 
with  rufous.  Wing  (male)  94-98,  (female)  88-95. 

The  type  (evidently  a  wrongly  sexed  female),  and  two  adult  males  from  Trini- 
dad and  Villa  Concepcion,  Paraguay  agree  well  with  each  other  and  the  above  diag- 
nosis. A  newly-molted  female  from  Bernalcu6  (east  of  Asunci6n),  however,  is  much 
more  deeply  colored  below,  approaching  certain  specimens  of  commersoni.  Birds 
from  n.w.  Argentina  are  even  more  variable.  While  two  females  from  Tapia  (Prov. 
Tucuman)  and  a  male  from  Rosario  (Orillas,  Rio  Bermejo,  Chaco  Salteno)  are  in 
no  way  distinguishable  from  F.  r.  rufus,  two  from  Tafi  Viejo,  Tucuman  cannot  be 
told  from  the  Bernalcu6  bird.  Three  young  birds  (Perico,  Prov.  Jujuy;  Embarca- 
ci6n,  Prov.  Salta)  are  even  brighter  throughout,  being  in  fact  barely  separable  from 
commersoni.  I  fully  agree  with  Dabbene's  contention  that  birds  from  Paraguay 
and  n.w.  Argentina  are  merely  intergrades  between  rufus  and  commersoni,  and  the 
propriety  of  recognizing  such  intermediate  races  in  nomenclature  might  well  be 
questioned. 

b  Furnarius  rufus  commersoni  PELZELN:  Very  similar  to  F.  r.  badius,  but  on 
average  smaller;  upper  parts  brighter  and  more  rufous;  breast  and  sides  generally 
lighter,  and  center  of  abdomen  extensively  white.  All  of  the  characters  are,  however, 
variable  and  single  specimens,  particularly  in  worn  plumage,  cannot  always  be  dis- 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  17 

Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso  designated  as  type  locality*;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  P-  619 — Tilotilo,  Bolivia. 

Furnarius  badius  var.,  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  114,  1859 — part,  Cuyaba. 

Furnarius  rufus  (not  of  GMELIN)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  250, 
1839 — part,  Chiquitos,  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  Valle  Grande,  Cochabamba, 
Bolivia;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  17,  1897 — 
Caiza,  Bolivia. 

Furnarius  albogularis  (not  of  SPIX)  PELZELN,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  405 — part,  descr. 
and  hab.  Cuyaba,  Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  88, 
1889 — "La  Paz",  Bolivia;  idem,  I.e.,  5,  p.  1 1 1,  1893 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso. 

Furnarius  albigularis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  n,  1890 — part,  spec, 
b-d,  g-i,  Chapada,  Cuyaba;  Tilotilo,  Bolivia. 

Furnarius  rufus  commersoni  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mein.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  50,  1906 — Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso,  Bolivia  (crit.);  MENEGAUX, 
Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  56,  1917 — Caceres,  Amaca,  Barra-Caceres,  Matto 
Grosso;  CHERRIE  and  REICHENBERGER,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  27,  p.  6,  1921 — 
part,  Chapada,  Uructim. 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil,  in  State  of  Matto  Grosso  (Cuyabd, 
Chapada,  San  Luis  de  Caceres,  Amaca,  Urucum),  and  Bolivia  (in  depts. 
Beni,  Santa  Cruz,  Cochabamba,  and  Sucre)b. 

3:  Bolivia  (Parotani,  Prov.  Cochabamba  2,  Trinidad,  Rio  Ma- 
more  i). 

*Furnarius  rufus  badius  (Lichtenstein) .    WHITE-THROATED  OVEN-BIRD. 

Turdus  badius  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  40,  1823 — Sao 
Paulo  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Figulus  albogularis  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  I,  p.  76,  pi.  78,  1824 — Rio  Verde  [near  Cam- 
panha],  s.w.  Minas  Geraes  (types  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

Opetiorhynchus  ruficaudus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  p.  671,  1831 — 
Minas  Geraes. 

Furnarius  rufus  (not  of  GMELIN)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  167,  1853 — 
(nesting  habits);  idem,  Reise  Brasil.,  p.  312,  455,  606,  1853 — Faz.  Mainarte, 
s.  of  Marianna;  Santa  Rita,  Rio  das  Velhas,  Minas  Geraes  (habits);  idem, 

tinguished  with  certainty.  Wing  (nine  males  from  Matto  Grosso)  89-95,  (six  fe- 
males) 85-93. 

a  Although  examination  of  the  original  series  in  the  Vienna  Museum,  proves  two 
of  the  specimens  (from  Tenente  Borges  and  Araguay)  referred  by  Pelzeln  to  his 
commersoni,  to  belong  to  F.  r.  badius,  the  characters,  viz.  slenderer  bill,  lighter  auricu- 
lars,  cinnamon  rufous  edges  to  the  primaries,  etc.,  apply  only  to  the  Cuyabd  birds, 
when  comparison  is  made  with  the  two  Rio  examples  of  F.  badius.  Accordingly, 
we  designate  Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso  as  type  locality. 

b  Bolivian  examples  are  larger,  thereby  approaching  F.  r.  rufus,  without,  however, 
reaching  its  maximum  measurements;  the  majority,  besides,  average  paler,  espe- 
cially below,  than  those  from  eastern  Matto  Grosso  (Cuyabd,  Chapada),  but  so 
many  specimens  are  indistinguishable  that  I  do  not  advocate  the  recognition  of 
another  race.  Wing  (ten  males)  95-103,  (fourteen  females)  94-100. 


1 8    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

• 

Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  3,  1856 — Minas  Geraes;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  3,  p.  219,  1899 — Cachoeira,  Piquete,  Sao  Paulo. 

Furnarius  badius  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34, 
p.  114,  1859 — Ri°  de  Janeiro;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  34,  1868 — Rio  de  Jan- 
eiro (spec,  examined);  idem,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  403 — part,  Faz.  Mainarte,  foot  of 
Itacolumi,  Minas;  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Furnarius  badius  var.,  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  114,  1859 — part,  Tenente  Borges,  Araguay,  State  of  Goyaz. 

Furnarius  commersoni  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  34,  1869 — part,  Tenente 
Borges,  Araguay,  Goyaz  (spec,  examined). 

Furnarius  ruficaudus  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  388 
— Capellinha  near  Catalao,  Goyaz;  Paracatu,  Minas  Geraes. 

Furnarius  albogularis  PELZELN,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  405 — part,  Rio  Verde,  Minas; 
Tenente  Borges,  Goyaz;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  242,  1889 
(WiEo's  type);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  n,  1890 — part,  Brazil; 
IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  p.  299,  1902 — Campinas,  Sao  Paulo;  Vargem 
Alegre,  near  Marianna,  Minas  (egg). 

Furnarius  albigularis  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 
p.  69,  1910 — Joazeiro,  Barra  do  Rio  Grande,  Bahia. 

Furnarius  rufus  badius  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3, 
p.  626,  1906  (crit.) ;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  51,  1906 — Rio  de  Janeiro;  Rio  Doce,  Mmas  Geraes;  IHERING,  Cat.  F, 
Braz.,  I,  p.  228,  1907 — Cachoeira,  Caconde,  Campinas,  Pirassununga,  Prov. 
Sao  Paulo;  Marianna,  Minas  Geraes;  CHERRIE  and  REICHENBERGER,  Amer. 
Mus.  Novit.,  27,  p.  6,  1921 — La  Raiz,  foot  of  Organ  Mts.,  Prov.  Rio. 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  (valley  of  the  Sao  Francisco) 
and  Goyaz  (Tenente  Borges,  near  Bomfim;  Capellinha,  near  Catalao; 
Araguay,  west  of  Goyaz  city)  through  Minas  Geraes  and  Rio  de  Jan- 
eiro south  to  Sao  Paulo". 

5 :    Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  5) . 
*Furnarius  leucopus  leucopus  Swainsonb.    PALE-LEGGED  OVEN-BIRD. 

Furnarius  leucopus  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  325,  Dec.  1837 — Guiana  = 
British  Guiana;  SCHOMBURGK,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  688;  3,  p.  13,  1848 — 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Pirara  and  Mahu  Rivers,  Brit.  Guiana;  PELZELN, 
Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  115,  1859 — part,  Forte 
do  Rio  Branco,  Rio  Amajau;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  35,  1868 — part,  Forte 
do  Rio  Branco,  Rio  Amajau;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Exotic  Ornith.,  p.  8,  1867. 

"The  type  of  F.  badius  and  other  specimens  from  Sao  Paulo  (Rebucao)  are 
identical  with  a  series  from  Minas  Geraes  (12),  Rio  de  Janeiro  (4)  and  Goyaz  (2). 

b  Furnarius  leucopus  leucopus  SWAINSON  is  characterized  by  its  blackish  brown 
upper  mandible,  uniform  blackish  inner  web  of  first  primary,  decidedly  rufescent 
brown  (between  Prouts'  brown  and  bister)  pileum,  and  by  having  the  wings  deeper 
rufous  than  the  back.  Wing  84-90;  tail  52-58;  bill  19-21.75.  Seven  specimens  from 
the  Rio  Branco,  two  from  British  Guiana  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  19 

— part,  Brit.  Guiana,  Rio  Branco;  PELZELN,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  406 — Guiana,  Rio 
Branco,  Rio  Amajau  (monog.);  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  418  (ex  SCHOMBURGK); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  13,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  Brit.  Guiana; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  321,  1914  (range). 

Furnarius  leucopus  leucopus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  58,  1908 — Brit. 
Guiana,  Rio  Branco,  Rio  Amajau;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  87, 
1921 — Upper  Takutu,  Ireng  R.  Demerara. 

Range :  Interior  of  British  Guiana  (Pirara,  Demerara,  Takutu  and 
Ireng  Rivers)  and  northern  Brazil  (Rio  Branco  and  Rio  Amajau,  Rio 
Negro  district). 

3:    Brazil  (base  of  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista,  Rio  Branco  3). 

*Furnarius  leucopus  assimilis  Cdbanis  and  Heine*.    SOUTHERN  PALE- 
LEGGED  OVEN-BIRD. 

Furnarius  assimilis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  22,  1859 — "Brasilien" 
(we  suggest  Bahia  as  type  locality);  PELZELN,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  406 — Cuyaba 
(monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  14,  1890 — Brazil;  MENEGAUX 
and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  53,  1906 — Bahia;  IHER- 
ING,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i,  p.  228,  1907 — Bahia;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  70,  1910 — Pedrinha,  Lake  of  Parnagua,  Therezina, 
Piauhy;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  127 — Mirin,  Rio  Paraguay,  Mattb  Grosso; 
IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul .,  9,  p.  435,  475,  1914 — Cidade  da  Barra,  Bahia 
(egg.  descr.). 

Furnarius  leucopus  assimilis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  is,  p.  57,  58— Rio  Ara- 
guaya, Goyaz  (range). 

a  Furnarius  leucopus  assimilis  CABANIS  and  HEINE:  Differs  from  F.  I.  leucopus 
in  much  lighter,  tawny  rather  than  amber  brown  back,  wings  and  tail,  horn  brown 
instead  of  blackish  upper  mandible,  much  broader,  as  well  as  lighter  cinnamomeous 
wing-bar,  and  by  having  a  very  distinct  cinnamomeous  spot  on  the  inner  web  of 
the  outermost  primary. 

There  is  much  individual  variation  in  the  extent  of  the  pale  spot  on  the  first 
primary,  though  it  is  always  present  in  specimens  from  eastern  Brazil  (Maranhao, 
Piauhy,  Ceara,  Bahia,  and  Goyaz).  The  under  parts  are  likewise  variable,  many 
examples  being  as  extensively  and  deeply  ochraceous  tawny  below  as  F.  I.  leucopus, 
while  others,  irrespective  of  localities,  have  only  the  chest  ochraceous  buff,  shading 
into  buff  along  the  flanks.  Birds  from  Ceara  and  Maranhao  prove  to  be  inseparable 
from  Bahia  specimens.  Two  adult  females  from  Goyaz  (Rio  Araguaya),  while  other- 
wise agreeing  with  eastern  birds,  have  the  pileum  darker,  almost  sooty  blackish. 

In  Matto  Grosso,  F.  1.  assimilis  gradually  passes  into  F.  I.  torridus,  of  Bolivia  and 
Upper  Amazonia.  Birds  from  that  province  have  the  cinnamomeous  wing-bar  nar- 
rower, and  the  light  spot  on  the  inner  web  of  the  outermost  primary  is  decidedly 
smaller  or,  in  seven  out  of  fourteen,  even  missing.  While  specimens  from  the  Cuy- 
aba district  agree  with  assimilis,  although  the  wings  sometimes  incline  to  a  darker 
tone,  those  from  the  upper  stretches  of  the  Paraguay  river  (Descalvados,  Corumba, 
Puerto  Suarez)  have  the  wings  and  tail  fully  as  deeply  colored  as  torridus.  The  col- 
oration of  the  under  parts  in  Matto  Grosso  examples  is  subject  to  much  the  same 
individual  variation  as  in  the  series  from  the  eastern  states  of  Brazil. 

Material  examined— Bahia,  trade-skins  12,  Lamarao  i;  Ceara  4;  Piauhy,  Ibiapaba 
5,  Deserto  2,  Arara  i,  Pedrinha  2,  Therezina  i;  Maranhao,  Miritiba  i,  Codo  3; 
Goyaz,  Rio  Araguaya  2:  Matto  Grosso,  Cuyaba  6,  Cachocira  i,  San  Lorenzo 
River  i,  Descalvados  i,  Corumba  2;  Bolivia,  Purto  Suarez  3. 


20    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Opetiorhynchus  rufus  (errore)  THIENEMANN,  Fortpflanzungsg.  ges.  Vogel,  p.  136, 
1848 — (nests  coll.  by  Natterer  [at  Cuyaba]  described). 

Furnarius  leucopus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  Kl.,  31,  p.  322,  1858 — nests  from  Cuyaba;  idem,  I.e.,  34,  p.  115. 
1859 — part,  Cuyabd;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  35, 1868 — part,  Cuyaba;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  Exotic  Ornith.,  p.  8,  1867 — part,  Cuyaba;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  13,  1890 — part,  spec,  e,  "Cuyaba"  [  =  Cachoeira],  Matto 
Grosso  (spec,  examined);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  in,  1893 — 
Corumbd,  Matto  Grosso. 

Funiarius  leucopus  cearae  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  339 
1916 — Quixada,  Serra  Baturite",  Ceara. 

Range:  Brazil,  from  Maranhao,  Ceara,  and  Piauhy  south  to  Bahia 
and  Goyaz,  west  to  Matto  Grosso  (Cuyaba,  San  Lorenzo  River,  Cachoe- 
ira (near  Cuyabd),  Descalvados,  Corumbd)  and  southeastern  Bolivia 
(Puerto  Suarez,  Rio  Paraguay). 

14:  Brazil  (Quixada  i,  Serra  Baturite,  Ceara  2;  Codo,  Maranhao  3; 
Ibiapaba  5,  Arara  i,  Deserto,  Piauhy  2). 

*Furnarius  leucopus  torridus  Sclater  and  Salvin*.    PALE-BILLED  OVEN- 
BIRD. 

Furnarius  torridus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  183 — Ucayali 
River,  Peru  (type  in  Biritish  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  978 — 

•  Furnarius  leucopus  torridus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Similar  to  F.  I.  leucopus  in 
having  wings  and  tail  conspicuously  darker  rufous  than  back,  the  inner  web  of 
the  outermost  primary  uniform  (or  with  but  a  small  light  spot),  and  the  cinnamom- 
eous  transverse  bar  on  the  succeeding  remiges  relatively  restricted;  but  differs  by 
sooty  or  earthy  brown  (instead  of  decidedly  rufescent  brown)  pileum,  lighter  (partly 
whitish)  upper  mandible,  and  more  extensive  black  bases  to  the  under  tail  coverts. 

Pervian  birds  exhibit,  in  the  intensity  of  both  upper  and  lower  parts,  a  striking 
amount  of  variation,  which  appears  to  be  purely  individual.  The  types  of  F.  tor- 
ridus from  the  Ucayali,  a  male  from  Santa  Cruz,  R.  Huallaga,  and  a  female  collected 
by  the  Castelnau  expedition  at  Pebas  have  the  back  almost  as  deep  amber  brown  as 
wings  and  tail,  while  the  under  surface  of  the  body  is  extensively  bright  ochraceous 
tawny.  Three  other  examples  from  Pebas,  including  the  type  of  F.  leucopus  haux- 
welli,  one  from  Sarayacu,  R.  Ucayali,  two  from  the  headwaters  of  the  Huallaga,  and 
five  from  Moyobamba  are  decidedly  paler  on  the  back,  while  the  much  lighter  ochra- 
ceous color  below  is  chiefly  restricted  to  the  chest  and  flanks.  The  two  "phases" 
being  connected  by  intermediates,  are,  I  have  no  doubt,  merely  the  extremes  of  indi- 
vidual variation.  An  exceptionally  fine  series  of  F.  tricolor  which  thanks  to  the  cour- 
tesy of  Mr.  W.  E.  Clyde  Todd  I  have  been  enabled  to  examine,  agrees  perfectly  with 
the  lighter  colored  set  from  Peru,  and  the  only  difference  I  can  perceive  is  that  most 
of  the  Bolivian  and  Purus  specimens  have  a  somewhat  larger,  heavier  bill.  Two 
males  from  Astillero,  Carabaya,  in  the  American  Museum  of  Nat.  Hist.,  New  York, 
are  precisely  similar.  The  pale  spot  on  the  inner  web  of  the  outermost  primary  is, 
as  a  rule,  altogether  missing  or  but  faintly  suggested.  Only  one  each  from  Moyo- 
bamba, Cercado  de  Santa  Cruz  and  Palmarito,  Chiquitos,  Bolivia  and  four  from  the 
Purus  show  a  small,  well-defined  cinnamomeous  spot.  Some  of  the  skins  from  the 
Huallaga  and  Moyobamba  approach  leucopus  by  their  brownish  maxilla  and  a  slight 
rufescent  tinge  on  the  crown. 

Material. — Peru:  Pebas  4,  Elvira  (near  Pebas)  i,  Moyobamba  5,  Rio  Ucayali  3, 
Santa  Cruz,  R.  Huallaga  i,  headwaters  of  the  Huallaga  2,  Astillero,  Carabaya  2.- 
Brazil:  Lower  Splimoes  2,  Rio  Punis  28.-  Bolivia:  Santa  Cruz  i,  Cercado  de  Santa 
Cruz  i,  Buenavista  2,  Prov.  del  Sara  i,  Palmarito,  Rio  San  Julian,  Chiquitos  5. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  21 

Pebas  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Exotic  Ornith.,  p.  7,  8,  pi.  4,  1867 — Rio  Ucay- 
ali;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  268 — Ucayali,  Santa  Cruz,  Pebas;  PEL- 
ZELN,  Ibis,  1 88 1,  p.  407 — same  localities;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  104, 
1884 — same  localities;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  15,  pi.  2,  1890 — 
Ucayali,  Santa  Cruz;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M&n.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  52,  1906 — Sarayacu,  Rio  Ucayali,  Pebas,  Peru  (crit.);  MENE- 
GAUX, Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  No.  20,  p.  322,  1910 — Tocache,  Peru;  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  320,  1914 — Cachoeira,  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis. 

Furnarius  tricolor  GIEBEL,  Zeits.  ges.  Naturw.,  31,  p.  n,  1868 — Bolivia  =  Santa 
Cruz  de  la  Sierra  (type  in  Halle  Museum  examined). 

Furnarius  leucopus  hauxwelli  CHUBB,  Bull  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  38,  p.  87,  1918 — 
Pebas,  Peru  (type  examined). 

Furnarius  leucopus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  BARTLETT,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  373 — 
Elvira,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  104,  1884 — 
Tarapoto,  Moyobamba;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  13,  1890 — part, 
spec,  b,  c,  Pebas,  Elvira,  Peru;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  13,  1908 — 
Cachoeira,  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Purus  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  the  north  bank  of  the  Marafion 
(Pebas,  Elvira)  and  the  lower  Solimoes  through  Peru  (Ucayali  and 
Huallaga  valleys;  Astillero,  Carabaya)  and  western  Brazil  (Rio  Purvis) 
south  to  northern  and  eastern  Bolivia. 

6:    Peru  (Moyobamba  5);  Bolivia  (Buenavista  i). 


*Furnarius  leucopus  longirostris   Pelzeln.     NORTHERN  PALE-LEGGED 
OVEN-BIRD. 

Furnarius  longirostris  PELZELN",  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturwiss.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss. 
Wien,  20,  p.  158,  pi.  2,  fig.  2,  1856 — Venezuela  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  exam- 
ined); idem,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  409  (part,  descr.  of  type  only). 

Furnarius  agnatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  p.  61,  159, 
1873 — "Columbia  littoralis  in  vicin.  urbis  S.  Martha,"  the  type  came  from 
Valle  Dupar  [=Valle  de  Upar]  (see  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1879,  P-  197); 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  170 — Valle  de  Upar;  PELZELN,  I.e.,  1881, 
p.  408 — Santa  Marta,  Valle  Dupar  (monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  14,  1890 — same  localities;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  138, 
1898 — Santa  Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  159,  1900 — 
Bonda  (nest  and  eggs) ;  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  36,  p.  400, 1917 — Turbaco,  near  Cartha- 
gena;  Calamar,  Boca  de  Chimi,  Puerto  Berrio,  Malena,  Rio  Magdalena. 

8  Recent  comparison  of  the  type  kindly  lent  by  the  authorities  of  the  Vienna 
Museum  leaves  not  the  slightest  doubt  as  to  F.  longirostris  being  the  same  as  F.  agna- 
tus, of  the  Santa  Marta  region.  It  is  really  inconceivable  that  Pelzeln  who,  when 
reviewing  the  genus,  had  both  types  before  him,  did  not  recognize  their  identity, 
but  associated  his  longirostris  with  the  Ecuadorian  F.  cinnamomeus,  from  which  the 
type  specimen  differs  at  a  glance  by  shorter  wings  and  tail,  much  paler,  more  gray- 
ish pileum,  narrower  ochraceous  wing-bar,  and  especially  by  lacking  every  trace  of 
the  large,  well-defined  ochraceous  spot  on  the  inner  web  of  the  outermost  primary. 


22     FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Furnarius  leucopus  agnatus  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  295, 

1922 — Rio  Hacha,  La  Goajira. 
Furnarius  agnatus  venezuelensis  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 

i,  p.  291,  1913 — Rio  Aurare,  east  of  Maracaibo,  Zulia,  Venezuela. 
Furnarius  leucopus  exilis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  33,  p.  74,  1920 — Funda- 

ci6n,  Santa  Marta  district;  idem  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 

p.  296,   1922 — Bonda,  Cienaga,  Mamatoco,  Santa  Marta,  Tierra  Nueva, 

Gaira,  Fundaci6n,  Tucurinca. 

Range:  Arid  littoral  of  northwestern  Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare,  east 
of  Maracaibo,  Zulia)  and  northern  Colombia  (Goajira  Peninsula,  Santa 
Marta  district,  and  lower  Magdalena  valley)*. 

2 :    Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare,  east  of  Maracaibo  2). 

*Furnarius  leucopus  endoecus   Coryb.     CORY'S  PALE-LEGGED  OVEN- 
BIRD. 

Furnarius  agnatus  endoecus  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  89,  1919 — Encontrados,  southwest 
of  Lake  Maracaibo,  Venezuela. 

a  In  coloration  and  length  of  bill,  the  type  of  F.  longirostris  (Vienna  Museum 
No.  19879)  is  practically  identical  with  an  adult  bird  from  Rio  Hacha,  Goajira 
(Carnegie  Museum  No.  45637),  which  Mr.  Todd  is  no  doubt  right  in  assuming  to 
represent  F.  agnatus,  originally  based  upon  a  specimen  from  Valle  de  Upar.  Both  are 
in  worn  faded  plumage,  Pelzeln's  type  more  so  than  the  other,  which  accounts  for  its 
slightly  smaller  measurements.  Eleven  specimens  from  the  western  side  of  the  Santa 
Marta  Mountains,  F.  I.  exilis  TODD,  are  more  richly  colored  throughout,  being  of  a 
deeper  rufous  above  and  darker  ochraceous  below,  with  less  white  on  the  abdomen. 
They  are,  however,  all  in  fresh  plumage,  and  the  differences  separating  the  series 
from  the  Goajira  specimen  and  Pelzeln's  type  are  well  within  the  range  of  individual 
variation  to  be  observed  in  other  races  of  this  group,  e.g.  F.  1.  torridus  or  F.  I.  assimi- 
lis.  Furthermore,  two  examples  from  the  Rio  Aurare,  east  of  Maracaibo,  except 
for  their  slightly  whiter  middle  of  the  belly,  agree  much  better  with  the  birds  from 
the  west  (exilis)  than  with  those  from  the  east  (longirostris)  side  of  the  Santa  Marta 
Mountains.  As  far  as  size  is  concerned,  the  pale-colored  Rio  Hacha  "female"  is 
indeed  much  larger  than  specimens  of  the  same  sex  from  the  Rio  Aurare  and  the 
western  slope  which  agree  with  each  other,  but  I  strongly  suspect  it  to  be  a  wrongly 
sexed  male.  Until  more  satisfactory  material  from  Venezuela  comes  to  hand,  I  am 
not  inclined  to  subdivide  the  pale-legged  Oven-bird  of  the  Caribbean  coast  region. 
If  there  is  more  than  one  form,  the  name  longirostris  has  to  replace  agnatus  for  the 
eastern  bird,  while  the  western  race  is  entitled  to  Todd's  term  exilis. 

Specimens  from  the  Magdalena  Valley  we  have  not  seen.  They  may  form  the 
transition  to  endoecus,  or  be  actually  referable  to  it. 

WING          TAIL         BILL 

Type  of  F.  longirostris,  Venezuela  92  (worn)     52  (worn)     24 

One  "female,"  Rio  Hacha,  Goajira  96  56  25 

T wo  males  (incl.  type  of  F.  agnatus), Valle  de  Upar    93,95  54.55  22.5,24.5 

One  adult  male,  Santa  Marta  95.5  59  24 

Two  adult  males,  Mamatoco  94,  97  57,58  23.5,24 

One  adult  male,  Fundaci6n  90  55  23 

Four  adult  females,  Santa  Marta,  Tucurinca, 

Fundaci6n  85,85,90,92  48,49,53,53  22 

Two  adult  females,  Rio  Aurare,  Venezuela  89,90  55,56  23,23.5 

b  Furnarius  leucopus  endoecus  CORY:  Similar  in  size  and  coloration  to  western 
specimens  of  F.  I.  longirostris  (exilis),  but  upper  parts  much  darker,  deep  tawny 
rather  than  ochraceous  tawny.  Wing  (  9ad.)87;  tail  50;  bill  22.  While  the  type  can- 
not be  matched  by  any  other  example,  I  should  like  to  see  more  material  of  this  race. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  23 

Range:  Northwestern  Venezuela,  in  heavily  forested  region  south- 
west of  Lake  Maracaibo,  State  of  Zulia. 

2:    Venezuela  (Encontrados  i,  Catatumbo  River  i). 

*Furnarius  leucopus  cinnamomeus  (Lesson)*.    CINNAMOMEOUS  OVEN- 
BIRD. 

Picolaptes  cinnamomeus  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  7,  p.  433, 1844 — Guayaquil,  Ecuador. 
Furnarius  griseiceps  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  23,  1859 — Peru. 

Furnarius  cinnamomeus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  277 — Babahoyo ; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Exotic  Ornith.,  p.  8,  1867 — littoral  of  western  Ecuador; 
TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  323,  751 — Tumbez  (egg  descr.); 
BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  560 — Yaguachi;  idem,  I.e.,  1885, 
p.  941 — Yaguachi;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  102,  1884 — Guadalupe, 
Lechugal,  Tumbez,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  15,  1890 — 
Guayaquil,  Babahoyo,  Chiquinda,  Balzar,  Santa  Rita,  Ecuador;  Tumbez, 
Chilate,  Payta,  Peru;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  1 8,  1899 — Vinces,  Balzar,  Ecuador;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m. 
Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  53,  1906 — Guayaquil,  Payta;  BANGS  and 
NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  453,  1918 — Sullana,  Huancabamba,  Dept.  Piura. 

Furnarius  longirostris  (not  of  PELZELN  1856)  PELZELN,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  409 — part, 
hab.  Guayaquil,  Babahoyo  (Ecuador),  Tumbez  (Peru) ;  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1883,  p.  424 — Payta. 

Range:  Littoral  of  southwestern  Ecuador,  from  the  Province  of 
Guayas  southward,  and  northwestern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Tumbez  and 
Piura. 

4:    Ecuador  (Milagro  i,  Rio  Vinces  2);  Peru  (Piura  River  i). 

*Furnarius  minor  Pelzeln.b    LESSER  OVEN-BIRD. 

Furnarius  minor  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturwiss.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
31,  p.  321,  1858 — Rio  Madeira,  below  mouth  of  Rio  Mahissy  (types  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  34,  p.  115,  1859 — same  locality;  idem,  Orn. 
Bras.,  i,  p.  35,  1868 — same  locality;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1866,  p.  183 — Nauta;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  268 — Nauta,  Santa  Cruz;  PELZELN, 
Ibis,  1 88 1,  p.  408 — Rio  Madeira,  Nauta,  Santa  Cruz,  Peru  (monog.);  TACZAN- 
OWSKI, Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  105,  1884 — Nauta,  Santa  Cruz,  Iquitos;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  14,  1890 — Rio  Madeira;  Nauta,  Santa  Cruz,  Iquitos, 

8  Furnarius  leucopus  cinnamomeus  (LESSON)  :  Nearly  related  to  F.  I.  longirostris, 
but  averaging  larger,  with  stronger  bill ;  outermost  primary  with  a  large  ochraceous 
spot  on  inner  web;  ochraceous  wing-bar  much  wider;  pileum  as  a  rule  less  grayish, 
and  under  parts  generally  paler.  Wing  95-102;  tail  57-64;  bill  24-26. 

Four  specimens  from  Guayas,  Ecuador  and  eight  from  Peru  examined. 

b  The  small  size  and  the  blackish  brown  (instead  of  yellow)  legs  distinguish  this 
scarce  species  from  the  members  of  the  F.  leucopus-group. 

Specimens  examined:  Rio  Madeira  3,  Itacoatiard  i,  Rio  Tapaj6z  6,  Monte  Ale- 
gre  2,  Pebas,  Peru  2. 


24    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Peru;  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk,  8,  p.  26,  1891 — Santarem;  MENEGAUX 
and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  53,  1906 — Pebas;  HELL- 
MAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  13,  1907 — Itaituba,  Urucurituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z; 
idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  317,  1910 — Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  320,  1914 — Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Maecuru,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro); 
idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  526,  1913  (ecology). 

Furnarius  pelzelni  GIEBEL,  Thes.  Ornith.,  a,  p.  217,  1875  (new  name  for  Fur- 
narius  minor  PELZELN). 

Range:    Northern  Brazil,  in  the  Amazon  Valley  and  its  tributaries, 
east  to  the  Tapaj6z  and  Monte  Alegre,  west  to  Peru  (Maranon  River) . 
i:    Brazil  (Itacoatiara  i). 

*Furnarius   figulus    figulus    (Lichtenstein)*.     TWICE-BANDED    OVEN- 
BIRD. 

Turdus  figidus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,p.  40,  1823 — Bahia. 

Furnarius  superciliaris  LESSON,  Traite"  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  307,  Sept.  1830 — no 
locality  given  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined;  =juv.). 

Furnarius  melanotis  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  324,  Dec.  1837 — Bahia  (type 
in  Cambridge  (Engl.)  Museum  examined;  =juv.). 

Opetiorynchus  rufus  (not  Merops  rufus  GMELIN)  WJED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras., 
3  (2),  p.  667,  1831 — Rio  Jiquirica,  Jaguaripa,  Nazareth  das  Farinhas,  Prov. 
Bahia. 

Furnarius  figulus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  4,  1856 — Bahia; 
PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  115,  1859 — 
Bahia;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  34,  1868 — Bahia;  idem,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  410 — 
Bahia  (monog.);  FORBES,  I.e.,  p.  345 — from  Parahyba  to  Garanhuns,  Per- 
nambuco;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  12,  1890 — Pernambuco,  Bahia; 
NICOLL,  Ibis,  1906,  p.  668 — Isl.  Itaparica,  Bahia;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR 
M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  51,  1906 — Bahia  (crit.);  REISER,  Denks. 
math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  69,  1910 — Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife, 
Pernambuco;  MatadeSaoJoaoand  Rio  Sao  Francisco,  near  Sambaiba,  Bahia. 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia,  Pernambuco,  Parahyba, 
Piauhy  and  Ceara. 

5 :    Brazil  (Bahia  i,  Jua,  near  Iguatu,  Ceard  i ;  Ibiapaba,  Piauhy  3). 

Furnarius  figulus  pileatus  Sclater  and  Salvinb.    STEERE'S  OVEN-BIRD. 
Furnarius  pileatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  139 — Santarem, 

a  Furnarius  figulus  is  immediately  recognizable  amongst  its  affines  by  possessing 
two  distinct  buff  cross  bands  on  the  inner  web  of  the  two  outer  primaries,  and  black- 
ish tips  to  most  of  the  rectrices.  Legs  and  feet  blackish  brown  as  in  F.  minor  which, 
however,  is  otherwise  very  different.  Adult  birds  have  the  crown  somewhat  brighter 
rufous  than  the  back  and  the  breast  pale  buffy.  In  young  birds  the  crown  is  of  a 
much  duller  brownish  tone,  forming  a  dusky  cap,  the  breast  is  brighter  buff,  and  the 
feathers  of  the  malar  region  are  edged  with  dusky.  Twelve  specimens  examined. 

b  Furnarius  figulus  pileatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Similar  to  F.  f.  figulus,  but 
pileum  dusky  brown,  forming  a  well  defined  cap;  rufous  of  upper  parts  deeper; 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  25 

Brazil;  PELZELN,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  407 — Santarem;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
i$»  P-  65,  1890 — Santarem;  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk,  8,  p.  26,  1891 — San- 
tarem; SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  321,  1914 — Santa  Julia,  Rio 
Iriri;  Arumanduba,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Maecuru  (Ig.  de  Paituna),  Rio 
Jamundd  (Faro);  idem,  Journ.  Ornith.,  61,  p.  526,  1913  (ecology). 
Furnarius  figulus  pileatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  57,  1908 — Rio  Araguaya, 
Goyaz  (crit.). 

Range :  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  banks  of  the  lower  Amazon  (Tapa- 
joz;  Rio  Iriri,  tributary  of  the  Xingii;  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Maecuru, 
Rio  Jamundd),  south  to  the  headwaters  of  the  Rio  Araguaya  (Leo- 
poldina),  Prov.  Goyaz. 

*Furnarius  cristatus  Bwmieisier*.    CRESTED  OVEN-BIRD. 

Furnarius  cristatus  BURMEISTER,  Ibis,  (5)  6,  p.  495,  1888  (new  name  for  Fur- 
narius tricolor  (not  of  GIEBEL  1868)  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i, 
p.  170,  Sierra  of  Cordoba);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  13,  1890 — 
Sierra  of  Cordoba;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  189,  1902 — Tucu- 
man, Famailla,  Prov.  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3, 
p.  51,  1905 — same  localities;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  222,  1904 — Santa  Ana,  Tucu- 
man (note  on  nest);  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  u,  p.  254,  1904 — Salta; 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  54,  1906 — 
Santa  Ana;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  288,  1910 — Cordoba, 
Salta,  Tucuman;  DOELLO-JURADO,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  273,  pi.  4,  1919 — Jesus 
Maria,  Prov.  de  Cordoba  (nest  descr.);  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  El  Hornero,  3, 
p.  47,  1923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELH,  I.e.,  p.  73 — La  Rioja. 

Furnarius  tricolor  (not  of  GIEBEL  1868)  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  26,  p.  196, 
1878 — Sierra  de  Cordoba;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  461 — Sierra  de 
Cordoba;  PELZELN,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  410 — Sierra  de  Cordoba  (monog.);  SCLATER 
and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  170,  1888 — Sierra  de  Cordobab. 

Range:  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Cordoba,  Rioja,  Tucuman, 
Salta,  and  Santiago  del  Estero;  according  to  Serie"  and  Smyth,  also 
found  at  Santa  Elena,  Prov.  Entrerios. 

i:    Argentina  (Leales,  Prov.  Tucumdn  i). 

Genus  CORYPHISTERA  Burmeister. 

Coryphistera  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  p.  251,  1860 — type  Coryphistera 
alaudina  BURMEISTER;  idem, Reise  LaPlata,  St.,  2,  p. 470, 1861  (full  diagnosis). 

superciliaries  more  purely  white;  size  slightly  larger.  Wing  (two  males)  87,  89; 
tail  6 1,  6a;  bill  20,  21.  Known  to  me  only  from  two  specimens  secured  by  the  late 
G.  A.  Baer  at  Leopoldina,  Goyaz. 

a  An  aberrant  species  of  slender  build,  small  size,  and  with  a  distinct  occipital 
crest.  In  habits  it  is,  however,  a  typical  Oven-bird. 

b  Whether  Furnarius  figulus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882, 
p.  609  (San  Pedro,  Santiago  del  Estero;  Salta),  quoted  with  a  query  by  Sclater  and 
Hudson,  really  refers  to  F.  cristatus,  cannot  be  determined  in  the  absence  of  the 
specimens  which  appear  to  have  been  lost.  See  Doello-Jurado,  El  Hornero,  i, 
p.  284,  1919. 


26     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Coryphistera    alaudina    alaudina    Burmeister.      LARK-LIKE    PLAIN- 
RUNNER. 

Coryphistera  alaudina  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  p.  251,  1860 — no  locality 
given;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  Staat.,  2,  p.  470,  1861 — near  Parana;  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  57,  pi.  3 — Rio  Vermejo;  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg., 
I,  p.  253,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  359 — 
Tucuman,  Salta;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  40 — Cosquin,  Cordoba; 
SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Argent.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  188,  1888 — Argentina;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  75,  1890 — Cosquin,  Tucuman,  Salta;  STEMPELMANN 
and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba;  SALVADORI, 
Bol.  Mus.  Torino,  12,  p.  19,  1897 — Tala,  Prov.  Salta;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  191,  1902 — Tapia,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc., 
3,  p.  53,  1905 — same  localities;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  223,  1904 — Santa  Ana, 
Tapia,  Prov.  Tucuman;  HARTERTand  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  214, 1919 — 
Cosquin,  Cordoba;  Tapia,  Lagunas  de  Malvinas,  Tucuman,  Prov.  Tucuman; 
Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  F6;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  299, 
1910— range;  REED,  Aves  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  33,  1906 — Alto  Verde,  Catitas, 
La  Paz,  Prov.  Mendoza;  MARELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  78, 1918 — Curuzu-Cuatia, 
Prov. Corrientes;  SANZIN,  1.  c.,  p.  150 — Alto  Verde,  Prov.  Mendoza;  MARELLI, 
I.e.,  p.  224,  1919 — Curuzu-Cuatid;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  48,  1923 — 
Sta  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  73 — Rioja. 

Range:  Argentina,  from  Province  of  Salta  and  Territory  of  For- 
mosa, south  to  prov.  Mendoza  and  Cordoba,  east  to  Entrerios  (Par- 
ana) and  Corrientes  (Curuzu-Cuatia,  Santa  Elena). 

5:  Argentina  (Dept.  Trancas  2,  Leales,  Tucuman  i,  Noetinger, 
Prov.  Cordoba  2). 


Coryphistera  alaudina  campicola  Todd*.    BOLIVIAN  PLAIN-RUNNER. 

Coryphistera  alaudina  campicola  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  28,  p.  170,  1915 — 
Guanacos,  Prov.  Cordillera,  Bolivia  (type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined); 
HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  501,  1917 — Yuay.  Prov. 
Cordillera  (crit.). 

Range:    Eastern  Bolivia,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz,  in  Prov.  Cordillera 
(Guanacos,  Yuay). 


Genus  CLEBANORNIS  Sdater  and  Salmn. 

Clibanornis  SLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  p.  155,  1873  — type  by 
orig.  desig.  Anabates  dendrocolaptoides  PELZELN. 

*•  Coryphistera  alaudina  campicola  TODD:  Very  similar  to  C.  a.  alaudina,  but  con- 
siderably larger;  streaks  on  under  parts  brighter  cinnamon  rufous;  upper  parts,  espe- 
cially the  rump,  deeper  buff;  crest  feathers,  on  basal  portion,  conspicuously  edged 
with  cinnamomeous.  Wing  (one  adult  male,  the  type)  80  (against  70-73  in  ten 
C.  a.  alaudina};  tail  75  (against  67-70);  bill  15. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  27 

Clibanornis  dendrocolaptoides  (Pelzeln).   PELZELN'S  GROUND-CREEPER. 

Anabates  dendrocolaptoides  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  math,  naturw. 
Kl.,  34,  p.  104,- 128,  1859 — Curytiba,  Villa  de  Castro  [  =  Boqueirao],  State  of 
Parana  (types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  39, 
1868 — Villa  de  Castro,  Rio  Yapo,  Curytiba,  State  of  Parana. 

Clibanornis  dendrocolaptoides  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  27,  1890 — 
Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  351,  1905 — Itarar6,  Sao  Paulo;  idem, 
Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  229,  1907 — same  locality;  BERTONI,  Seg.  Contrib.  Ornit. 
Parag.,  in  Revista  Instit.  Parag.,  Asunci6n,  1907,  p. — [Sep.  p.  6] — Paraguay, 
Misiones;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  329,  1914 — Paraguay,  Iguazu, 
Misiones;  idem,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  37,  1917 — Santa  Ana,  Misiones;  CHROS- 
TOWSKI,  Ann.  Zopl.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  35,  1921 — Antonio  Olyntho, 
on  the  Rio  Negro,  State  of  Parana  (habits). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Sao  Paulo  (Itarare)  and 
Parand  (Castro,  Curytiba;  Antonio  Olyntho,  Rio  Negro)  and  adjacent 
portions  of  Paraguay  and  Misiones  (Rio  Iguassu). 


Genus  CINCLODES  Gray. 

Cinclodes  GRAY,  List  Gen.  Birds,  p.  16,  1840 — type  Motacilla  patagonica  GMELIN. 
Cillurus  CABANIS",  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  281,  1844 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(REICHENBACH,  1853,  p.  214)  Cillurus  palliatus  TSCHUDI. 

*Cinclodes  nigrofumosus  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny*.     D'ORBIGNY'S 
CINCLODES. 

Uppucerthia  nigro-fumosa  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  23,  1838 — "Cobija,  in  Bolivia"  =Prov.  Antofagasta, 
Chile  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined) ;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me"rid., 
Ois.,  p.  372,  pi.  57,  fig.  2,  1847 — Valparaiso,  Cobija,  Arica,  Chile. 

Upucerthia  nigro-fumosa  DBS  MURS  in  Gay,  Hist.  fis.  pol.  Chile,  i,  p.  283,  1847 — 
from  Coquimbo  "to  ChiloeV' 

Opetiorhynchus  nigrofumosus  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  68,  1839 — Coquimbo; 
FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  u,  p.  in,  1843 — Chilean  coast  between  34°  and  35° 
south,  lat. 

Opetiorhynchus  lance'olatus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  pi.  20,  1839  (figure 
of  Darwin's  specimen  from  Coquimbo). 

*•  Though  obviously  intended  as  a  classical  emendation  of  Cinclodes,  the  generic 
name  Cillurus  remained  without  a  specified  type  until  1846,  when  Cabanis  (in 
TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Ayes,  p.  235)  designated  Cillurus  for steri  CABANIS  =  Motacilla 
patagonica  GMELIN.  This  action,  -however,  cannot  be  admitted,  since  this  species 
originally  was  not  included  in  the  genus. 

b  Cinclodes  nigrofumosus  is  easily  distinguishable  from  C.  p.  patagonicus  and 
C.  p.  chilensis  by  larger  size,  much  stronger,  heavier  bill,  and  much  darker  colora- 
tion throughout.  Besides,  the  superciliary  streak  is  much  less  conspicuous,  does  not 
extend  so  far  backwards,  and  is  buffy,  variegated  with  dusky  instead  of  plain  white. 
Wing  (eighteen  specimens)  112-120;  tail  82-92;  bill  23-24. 


28    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cinclodes  inornatus  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  p.  267,  1840 — Chile;  HARTLAUB, 
I.e.,  9,  p.  i,  1846  (crit.). 

Cinclodes  nigrofumosus  CASSIN  in  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp.,  2,  p.  187,  1855 — 
coast  of  Chile;  GERMAIN,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  310,  1860  (breed- 
ing habits);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  no,  1884 — part,  Chile,  descr. 
adult  ex  D'ORBIGNY;  OUSTALET,  Miss.  Scient.  Cap  Horn,  Zool.,  6,  p.  B6i, 
1891 — part,  juv.  ex  Valparaiso  (specimen  examined);  MENEGAUX  and  HELL- 
MAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  58,  1906 — Cobija,  Valparaiso 
(crit.). 

Cinclodes  nigrifumosus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  324 — Coquimbo;  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  21,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-d,  f,  Santiago,  Coquimbo, 
Chile. 

Cinclodes  patagonicus  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  708, 
1898 — Iquique,  Tarapaca;  Isla  de  los  Parajos,  Totoralillo,  near  Coquimbo 
(spec,  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Range:  Littoral  of  Chile,  from  Arica  and  Iquique  south  to  Con- 
ception*. 

14:  Chile  (Gatico,  Prov.  Antofagasta  2;  Caldera,  Prov.  Atacama  9; 
Papudo,  Prov.  Aconcagua  i;  Concepcion  2). 

Cinclodes  taczanowskii   Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann*.     TACZANOWSKI'S 
CINCLODES. 

Cinclodes  taczanowskii  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p.  381 — 
Chorillos  near  Lima,  Peru  (cotype  in  Berlepsch  collection  examined). 

Cinclodes  sparsim-striatus  SCOTT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  10,  p.  LXII,  1900 — Islay, 
Peru  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Cillurus  nigrofumosus  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY  and  LAFRESNAYE)  TSCHUDI,  Faun. 
Peru.,  Aves,  p.  235,  1846 — "Wood  region  of  Peru"(0- 

Cinclodes  nigrifumosus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  985 — Islay, 
Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  569 — Islay;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  424 — San  Lorenzo 
Isl.,  near  Callao,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  21,  1890 — part, 
spec,  e,  g-i,  San  Lorenzo  Isl.,  Islay,  Peru. 

Cinclodes  nigrofumosus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  526 — Chorillos, 
near  Lima;  idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  no,  1884 — part,  Chorillos. 

Range:  Littoral  of  western  Peru,  from  Lima  (Ancon,  Chorillos. 
San  Lorenzo  Isl.)  south  to  Islay,  Dept.  Arequipa. 

B  Birds  from  Concepcion  and  Papudo  are  not  different  from  those  of  northern 
Chile.  Specimens  examined:  Iquique  i,  Cobija  2,  Gatico  2,  Caldera  9,  Totoralillo, 
Coquimbo  i,  Valparaiso  2,  Papudo  i,  Concepcion  2. 

b  Cinclodes  taczanowskii  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  Related  to  C.  nigrofumosus, 
but  upper  parts  and  sides  of  head  much  paler,  wood  brown  instead  of  fuscous  brown, 
passing  into  fawn  on  rump  and  tail  coverts;  upper  wing-coverts  with  pale  fawn  tips, 
forming  several  light  bands  across  the  wing;  wing  band  buff  rather  than  cinna- 
momeous;  superciliary  streak  barely  suggested;  under  parts  much  paler,  wood  brown 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  29 

*Cinclodes    antarcticus    antarcticus    (Garnot}*.      FALKLAND    ISLAND 

ClNCLODES. 

Certhia  antarctica  GARNOT,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  7,  p.  45,  1826 — Falkland  Islands  (type 
in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Furnarius  fuliginosus  LESSON,  Man.  d'Orn.,  2,  p.  15,  1828 — Falkland  Islands 
(type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  idem,  Voyage  Coquille,  Zool.,  i,  p.  670, 
1830 — Falkland  Islands. 

OpetiorhynchusantarcticusDARVfiti,ZooL  Beagle,  3,  p.  67, 1839 — Falkland  Islands ; 
GOULD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1859,  p.  95 — same  locality. 

Cinclod.es  antarcticus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  385 — Falkland  Islands? 
ABBOTT,  Ibis,  1861,  p.  154 — Kidney  Island;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  25,  1890 — Falkland  Isl.;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  61,  1906 — Falkland  Isl.;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  18,  p.  291, 1910 — Malvinas;  BROOKS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  61,  p.  158, 
1917 — Speedwell  Isl. 

Cinclodes  antarcticus  antarcticus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  187, 
1919 — Falkland  Isl.;  WACO,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  203,  1921 — same  locality. 

Range:    Falkland  Islands. 

2:    Falkland  Isl.  (Speedwell  Isl.  2). 

Cinclodes  antarcticus  maculirostris  Dabbene*.    DABBENE'S  CINCLODES. 

Cinclodes  antarcticus  maculirostris  DABBENE,  Physis,  3,  No.  13,  p.  59,  1917 — 
Hermit  Island,  near  Cape  Horn;  idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  188, 
1919 — same  locality. 

Range:  Extreme  southern  Chile,  Cape  Horn  region  (Hermit,  Van- 
derlandt  Islands). 

instead  of  bister,  with  only  a  few  indistinct  buffy  streaks  on  the  breast;  throat  not 
conspicuously  white,  but  dingy  buff,  streaked  with  brownish ;  tail  less  blackish.  Wing 
115;  tail  85-86;  bill  23-24. 

Three  specimens  from  Lima  and  three  from  Islay  examined.   Probably  a  northern 
race  of  C.  nigrofumosus. 

"  Cinclodes  antarcticus  antarcticus  (GARNOT)  :  This  well  characterized  species  dif- 
fers from  C.  p.  patagonicus  by  much  shorter,  stouter  bill;  unstreaked  bister  or  snuff 
brown  under  parts,  with  the  throat  drab,  obsoletely  spotted  or  banded  with  grayish; 
the  absence  of  the  whitish  superciliary  stripe  and  light  apical  markings  on  lat- 
eral rectrices;  the  much  less  pronounced,  dull  natal  brown  instead  of  bright  ochra- 
cepus  buff  cross  band  on  inner  remiges,  etc.  Wing  (male)  109-115,  (female)  104-108; 
tail  (male  75-83,  (female)  74-78;  bill  17.5-20.  Sixteen  specimens  from  Kidney,  Sea 
Lion  and  Speedwell  Islands  examined.  Three  of  the  examples  from  Speedwell  have  the 
extreme  base  of  the  bill  margined  with  pale  yellowish,  thus  pointing  to  maculirostris. 

b  Cinclodes  antarcticus  maculirostris  DABBENE:  Differs  from  C.  a.  antarcticus  by 
slightly  larger  size,  heavier  bill  with  the  basal  portion  of  the  lower  mandible  (some- 
times also  of  the  commissure  of  the  maxilla)  yellow,  and  fuscous  instead  of  bister 
brown  plumage,  without  any  trace  of  the  brownish  wing  band.  Wing  (two  males) 
115,  120,  (female)  no;  tail  81-85;  bill  19-20. 

Three  specimens  from  Vanderlandt  Isl.  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  New  York  examined. 


30     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cinclodes  patagonicus  patagonicus  (Gmelin),    PATAGONIAN  CINCLODES. 

Motacilla  patagonica  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I  (2),  p.  957,  1789 — based  on  "Pata- 
gonian  Warbler"  LATHAM,  Gen.  Syn.  Birds,  2  (2),  p.  434,  1783 — Terra  del 
Fuego. 

Motacilla  gracula  FORSTER,  Descr.  Anim.,  p.  324,  1844 — Terra  del  Fuego. 

Cillurus  forsteri  CABANIS  in  Tschudi,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  235,  note  i,  1846 — 
new  name  for  Motacilla  gracula  FORSTER. 

Opetiorhynchus  patagonicus  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  67,  1839 — part,  Tierra 
del  Fuego. 

Cinclodes  patagonicus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1868,  p.  186 — Sandy  Point  = 
Punta  Arenas;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  132,  1890 — Gregory 
Bay,  Elizabeth  Isl.,  Str.  of  Magellan,  and  Port  Otway,  Chile  (spec,  examined) ; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  22,  1890 — part,  spec,  e-1,  Port  Otway, 
Cove  Isl.,  Messier  Channel,  Tom  Bay,  Elizabeth  Isl.,  Twenthu  Isl.,  Str.  of 
Magellan;  SALVADORI,  Ann.  Mus.  Stor.  Nat.  Genova,  40,  p.  617,  1900 — 
Punta  Arenas,  Penguin  Rookery,  Staten  Isl.;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  45 — 
Puerto  Bueno,  Smythe's  Channel;  CRAWSHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  74, 
1907 — Rio  McClelland  Settlement;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  290,  1910 — part,  southern  Patagonia,  Tierra  del  Fuego,  Staten  Isl.;  idem, 
I.e.,  30,  p.  174,  1919 — Hermit  Isl.,  Cape  Horn  (range,  synon.). 

Cinclodes  patachonicus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  433 — Port 
Otway,  Cold  Harbour,  Messier's  Channel;  SHARPS,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  8 — Tom 
Bay,  Elizabeth  Isl.,  Twenthu  Isl.,  Trinidad  Channel,  Str.  of  Magellan. 

Cinclodes  patagonicus  patagonicus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  59,  1906 — Orange  Bay,  Tierra  del  Fuego  (crit.). 

Cinclodes  patagonica  patagonica  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  208, 
1909 — Dixon  Cove,  Grappler  Bay,  Ushuaia,  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Cillurus  patagonicus  CABANIS  and  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Orn.,  24,  p.  323,  1876 — 
Str.  of  Magellan  (spec,  examined). 

Cinclodes  nigrofumosus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  OUSTALET,  Miss. 
Scient.  Cap  Horn,  Zool.,  6,  p.  B6i,  1891 — part,  Orange  Bay,  Port  Famine, 
Str.  of  Magellan  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8, 
p.  366,  1902 — SloggettBay,  Tierra  del  Fuego;  idem,  I.e.,  18,  p.  290,  1910 — 
Orange  Bay. 

Cinclodes  patagonicus  molitor  (not  of  SCOTT)  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m. 
Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  60,  1906 — part,  spec,  b,  c,  Port  Famine. 

Cinclodes  rupestris  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30, 
p.  177,  1919 — part,  spec,  a,  Sloggett  Bay,  and  range,  from  Port  Otway  south. 

Range:  Tierra  del  Fuego,  and  southern  Chile,  north  to  the  Gulf 
of  Penas  (Port  Otway) a. 

•  A  single  (unsexed)  adult  from  Port  Otway  (U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  116275)  agrees, 
especially  in  the  rather  coarse  whitish  striping  beneath,  with  a  series  from  the  Straits 
of  Magellan,  but  approaches  C.  p.  chilensis  in  coloration  of  tail  markings.  Examina- 
tion of  additional  specimens  is  desirable. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  31 

*Cinclodes  patagonicus  chilensis  (Lesson)*.    CHILIAN  CINCLODES. 

Furnarius  chilensis  LESSON,  Man.  d'Orn.,  2,  p.  17,  June  1828 — "dans  les  alentours 
du  port  Saint- Vincent,  au  Chili,"  i.e.  near  Concepcion  (see  Garnot,  Voyage 
Coquille, Zool.,  I,  p.  569) ;  idem,  Voyage  Coquille,  Zool.,  i,  p.  671,  April  1830 — 
St.  Vincent,  Chile;  idem,  Traite"  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  307,  pi.  75,  fig.  i,  Sept. 
1830— Chileb. 

Opetiorhynchos  rupestris  KITTLITZ,  Me'm.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  (sav.  6tr.),  i, 
livr.  2,  p.  1 88,  pi.  8,  1830 — Chile,  i.e.  El  Tome',  near  Concepcion0  (type  in 
Petrograd  Museum  examined);  idem,  Denkwurdigk.  Reise,  I,  p.  117,  1858 — 
El  Tome',  near  Concepcion,  and  Valparaiso;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus. 
Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  16,  1921 — type  from  Chile  in  Petrograd  Museum. 

Cinclodes  molitor  SCOTT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  10,  p.  XLII,  1900 — Chile  (type  in 
British  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  175,  1921  (crit.). 

Opetiorhynchus  patagonicus  (not  of  GMELIN)  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  67, 
1839 — part,  Chiloe  Isl.;  HARTLAUB,  Naumannia,  3,  p.  211,  1853 — Valdivia; 
PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  58,  1865 — Chile. 

Cinclodes  patagonicus  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  p.  267,  1840 — Chile;  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  283 — Ancud,  Chiloe;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  22, 1890 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Chile;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  37 — Hacienda  Mansel, 
near  Santiago,  Corral  and  Rio  Bueno,  Valdivia;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  290,  1910 — part,  Cordillera  of  Mendoza;  REED,  Av.  Prov. 
Mendoza,  p.  30,  1916 — Cordillera  of  Mendoza. 

Cinclodes  nigrofumosus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  BIBRA,  Denks. 
math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  5,  p.  129,  1853 — Santiago,  Quillota; 
SCLATER,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  38 — Hacienda  Mansel,  south  of  Santiago  (specimen 
examined). 

Cinclodes  patagonicus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  324 — Chiloe  and  cen- 
tral Chile. 

Cinclodes  patagonicus  molitor  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  60,  1906 — part,  spec,  a,  d,  e,  Santiago,  Penaflor,  San  Alfonso, 
Quillota  (crit.). 

a  Cinclodes  patagonicus  chilensis  (LESSON)  :  This  very  unsatisfactory  race  differs 
from  C.  p.  patagonicus  by  generally  smaller  size,  slightly  darker  back,  somewhat  more 
brownish  under  parts  with  the  whitish  stripes  narrower  and  less  extended  abdomin- 
ally, and  more  buffy  tips  to  the  lateral  rectrices. 

While  birds  from  central  Chile  (Valdivia  to  Valparaiso)  are  fairly  distinguish- 
able by  these  characters  from  C.  p.  patagonicus,  a  series  from  Chiloe  and  three  skins 
from  Ascension  Isl.  are  intermediate,  combining  the  smaller  size  of  chilensis  with 
the  coloration  of  the  typical  race,  although  some  are  very  nearly  as  dark  as  the  for- 
mer. Birds  from  western  Patagonia  (Lake  Nahuel  Huapi  and  Huanuluan)  are  typi- 
cal chilensis.  Thirty-three  Chilean  and  eight  Argentine  specimens  compared  with 
fourteen  C.  p.  patagonicus,  from  Tierra  del  Fuego  and  the  Cape  Horn  region. 

b  The  colored  figure  of  the  type,  supplemented  by  Lesson's  remark  "de  mSme 
taille  que  la  pr6c£dente"  (i.e.  Furnarius  fuliginosus  =  Cinclodes  antarcticus) ,  leaves  no 
doubt  as  to  F.  chilensis  being  an  earlier  name  for  rupestris.  Moreover,  Lesson  him- 
self _  (Rev.  Zool.,  3,  p.  267,  1840)  later  identified  his  bird  with  Kittlitz's  species, 
placing  both  in  the  synonymy  of  Cinclodes  patagonicus  (GMELIN). 

•  While  no  locality  is  specified  in  the  original  description,  we  learn  from  Kittlitz's 
account  of  his  travels  in  Chile  (Denkwurdigk.  Reise  etc.,  I,  p.  118)  that  he  met  with 
the  species  both  at  El  Tom6  and  Valparaiso.  He  expressly  states  having  shot  a  sped- 


32    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cinclodes  rupestris  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  177,  1919 — part, 
spec,  b-p,  Leleque,  Puesto  Burro,  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi,  Neuquen;  Concep- 
tion, Limache,  Chile  (syn.  and  range  part);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat., 
24,  p.  144,  1920 — Nilahue",  Prov.  Curico;  idem,  I.e.,  25,  p.  180,  1923 — Cordil- 
lera of  Aconcagua. 
Cinclodes  patagonicus  rupestris  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  313,  1923 — 

Huanuluan  and  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi,  western  Rio  Negro. 
Cinclodes  chilensis  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Orn.,  68,  p.  239,   1920 — southern  Chile. 
Range :    Central  Chile,  from  Aconcagua  south  to  Chiloe,  Guaitecas 
Islands,  and  Llanquihue",  and  adjoining  parts  of  western  Argentina  (gob. 
del  Chubut  and  Rio  Negro;  Prov.  Mendoza). 

31 :  Chile  (Palmilla,  La  Cruz,  Valparaiso  2,  Linares  i,  Concepcion  2, 
Lake  Malleco  2,  Tolhuaco,  Malleco  i,  Lake  Gualletue",  Cautin  2,  Rio 
Lolen,  Lonquimai  Valley,  Cautin  i,  Mafil,  Valdivia  i,  Ririihue,  Val- 
divia  5,  Rio  Nireguao  i,  Quellon,  Chiloe  7,  Rio  Inio,  Chiloe  2,  San 
Pedro  Isl.  i,  Melinka,  Ascension  Id.,  Guaitecas  Islands  3). 

*Cinclodes  oustaleti  oustaleti  Scott*.    OUSTALET'S  CINCLODES. 

Cinclodes  oustaleti  SCOTT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  io,p.  LXII,  1900 — "Central Chile," 
we  suggest  Valparaiso  (type  in  British  Museum  examined) ;  MENEGAUX  and 
HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  61,  1906 — Valparaiso,  Santi- 
ago, Chile  (crit.);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  291,  1910 — 
"Mendoza"  (ex  SCOTT);  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  31,  1916 — "Men- 
doza" (ex  SCOTT)  ;  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  144,  1920 — Cordillera 
of  Aconcagua  (breeding),  in  winter  in  Nilahue"  Valley,  Curic6;  idem,  I.e.,  25, 
p.  181,  1923 — Cordillera  of  Aconcagua,  alt.  2,000  to  3,000  metr.  (spec,  ex- 
amined). 

Uppucerthia  rupestris  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  21,  1838 — Valparaiso,  Cobija,  Chile  (spec,  ex- 
amined). 

men  at  El  Tome",  and  as  there  is  only  one  in  the  Petrograd  Museum,  we  have  to 
regard  the  vicinity  of  Concepcion  as  type  locality. 

•  Cinclodes  oustaleti  oustaleti  SCOTT:  In  general  coloration  similar  to  C.  pata- 
gonicus chilensis,  but  considerably  smaller  with  much  slenderer  bill;  axillaries  white 
or  buffy  white,  instead  of  being  mostly  smoke-brown;  middle  of  abdomen  more  or 
less  extensively  buffy  white;  under  tail-coverts  with  fewer  light  markings.  Wing 
(thirty  specimens)  88-94;  tail  63-70;  bill  16-18,  once  20. 

Birds  from  Caldera,  Tofo  (north  of  Coquimbo),  Banos  del  Toro,  Valparaiso,  and 
Caj6n  del  Rio  Blanco,  Cordillera  of  Aconcagua  have  the  back  decidedly  brown 
(varying  from  warm  sepia  to  bister),  and  the  flanks  strongly  washed  with  snuff 
brown,  while  those  from  Concepcion  as  well  as  a  male  from  Maquehue,  Temuco  and 
three  from  Chiloe  (Ancud)  in  the  collection  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  New  York,  are  more  sooty,  less  brownish  on  back  and  flanks,  the  dullest 
examples  being  indistinguishable  from  C.  o.  hornensis.  The  Temuco-bird,  however, 
is  hardly  separable  from  some  of  the  northern  specimens,  and  an  adult  from  Talca- 
huano  (near  Concepcion)  is  even  an  exact  duplicate  of  the  brown-backed  Caldera 
skins  with  which  the  type  in  the  British  Museum  was  found  to  agree. 
While  there  is  an  undeniable  tendency  towards  the  characters  of  hornensis 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  range,  the  distinction  does  not  seem  to  be  constant  enough 
to  warrant  the  recognition  of  an  additional  race. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  33 

Cillurus  patagonicus  (not  of  GMELIN)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  248,  1860— 
Caldera,  Chile  (spec,  examined). 

Cinclodes  fuscus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  424 — part, 
Chilean  Cordillera  (spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  23,  1890 — part,  spec,  v,  Chilean  Cordillera;  SCHALOW, 
Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  708,  1898 — part,  spec,  a,  Talcahuano,  Chile  (spec, 
examined). 

Cinclodes  patagonicus  OUSTALET,  Miss.  Scient.  Cap  Horn,  Zool.,  6,  p.  B  65,  in 
text,  1891 — Chile  (spec,  examined). 

Range :    Chile,  from  Antofagasta  (Cobija)  south  to  Chiloe*. 

18:  Chile  (Caldera,  Prov.  Atacama  10;  Bafios  del  Toro,  Prov. 
Coquimbo  4;  Concepcion  4). 

Cinclodes  oustaleti  hornensis  Dabbeneb.    CAPE  HORN  CINCLODES. 

Cinclodes  oustaleti  hornensis  DABBENE,  Physis,  3,  No.  13,  p.  58,  March  1917 — 
Hermit  Isl.,  near  Cape  Horn;  idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  185, 
1919 — Hermit  Isl. 

Cinclodes  schistaceus  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Ornith.,  68,  p.  240,  1920 — "Devasta- 
tion Isl."  =  Desolation  Island,  Str.  of  Magellan  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  exam- 
ined); HELLMAYR,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  290,  1922  (crit.). 

Range:  Extreme  southern  Chile  (Cape  Horn,  Hermit  Isl.,  London 
Isl.,  Desolation  Isl.). 

Cinclodes  oustaleti  baeckstroemii  Ldnnberg*.    JUAN  FERNANDEZ  CIN- 
CLODES. 

Cinclodes  oustaleti  baeckstroemii  LONNBERG  in  Skottsberg,  The  Natural  History 
of  Juan  Fernandez  and  Easter  Island,  3,  p.  4,  1921 — Masafuera  and  Masa- 
tierra. 

a  The  locality  "Mendoza"  requires  confirmation.  Although  mentioned  by  Scott 
in  the  original  description,  I  could  not  find  any  specimen  from  that  locality  in  the 
British  Museum. 

b  Cinclodes  oustaleti  hornensis  DABBENE:  Similar  to  specimens  of  C.  o.  oustaleti, 
from  Concepcion  to  Chiloe,  in  having  the  back  and  flanks  sooty  with  very  little 
brownish  suffusion,  but  slightly  larger,  with  generally  longer  bill.  Wing  (two  males) 
97,  100,  (two  females)  92,  93;  tail  67-80;  bill  19,20,  once  (type  of  C.  schistaceus)  16. 

A  rather  unsatisfactory  race  of  which  I  should  like  to  see  more  material.  While 
two  males  (from  Cape  Horn  and  London  Island),  have  decidedly  longer  wings,  a 
female  from  Cape  Horn  and  the  type  of  C.  schistaceus  hardly  differ  in  size  from  the 
series  of  C.  o.  oustaleti.  The  bill  appears  to  be  generally  longer,  though  again  Reich- 
enow's  type  does  not  deviate  in  this  respect  from  Chilean  examples. 

0  Cinclodes  oustaleti  baeckstroemii  LONNBERG:  Exactly  like  C.  o.  oustaleti,  but 
sides  of  the  body  of  a  brighter  rufous  brown,  and  under  tail-coverts  more  tinged  with 
rufescent.  Upper  parts  decidedly  brown  as  in  northern  examples  of  the  typical  race. 
Wing  85-93;  tail  64-67;  bill  17-19.  Three  specimens  from  Masafuera  in  the  British 
Museum  examined. 


34     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cindodes  fuscus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  REED,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  84 — Masafuera;  SALVIN, 
I.e.,  1875,  p.  370,  376 — Masafuera;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  23, 
1890 — part,  spec,  y-a1,  Masafuera  (spec,  examined). 

Range :    Juan  Fernandez  Islands. 

*Cinclodes  fuscus  fuscus  (  Vieiilof).    DUSKY  CINCLODES. 

Anthus  fuscus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  26,  p.  490,  1818 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  147,  stated  to  be  less  rare  in  the  plains  of  Montevideo 
and  Buenos  Aires  than  in  "Paraguay". 

Vppucerthia  vulgaris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
8,  cl.  2,  p.  22,  1838 — part,  Santa  Fe"  and  Patagonia  (types  from  Santa  Fe  in 
Paris  Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  372, 
pl-  57.  %•  i.  1847 — part,  Argentina. 

Cillurus  minor  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  24,  1859 — Araucana,  Chile 
(type  in  Heine  collection  examined). 

Cindodes  gilvus  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Orn.,  68,  p.  240,  May  1920 — Punta  Arenas 
arid  Tierra  del  Fuego  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  El 
Hornero,  2,  p.  290,  1922  (crit.). 

Opetiorhynchos  vulgaris  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  66,  1839 — Banda  Oriental, 
La  Plata,  Tierra  del  Fuego,  "Falkland  Isl.";  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  n, 
p.  in,  1843 — Chile;  HARTLAUB,  Naumannia,  3,  p.  211,  1853 — Valdivia; 
GOULD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1859,  p.  95 — "Falkland  Isl."  (ex  DARWIN). 

(?)  Opetiorhynchus  rupestris  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  BIBRA,  Denks.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  5,  p.  129,  1853 — Valparaiso. 

Cindodes  vulgaris  CASSIN  in  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp.,  2,  p.  187,  1855 — Chile; 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  385 — "Falkland  Isl."  (ex  DARWIN). 

Cindodes  fuscus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1868,  p.  185,  186 — Sandy  Point,  Str. 
of  Magellan;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  140 — Conchitas;  HUDSON,  I.e., 
1872,  p.  260  (habits);  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  179 — Flores  Isl.,  La  Plata, 
Baradero,  Buenos  Aires;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  Zool.,  p.  43, 
1881 — from  Buenos  Aires  south  to  the  Rio  Negro;  SHARPE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1881,  p.  8 — Peckett  Harbor,  Str.  Magellan,  Coquimbo;  WHITE,  I.e.,  1882, 
p.  6 10 — Pucard,  Catamarca;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  424 — part,  Coquimbo; 
BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  205,  1883 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay, 
Entrerios;  Puan,  Carhu6,  B.  Aires;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn., 
2,  p.  142,  1885 — Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888, 
p.  467 — Lomas  de  Zamora,  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn., 
i,  p.  172,  1888 — part,  Argentina,  Chile;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
12,  p.  132,  1889 — Gregory  Bay,  Laredo  Bay,  Elizabeth  Isl.,  Str.  of  Magellan; 
BURMEISTER,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  3,  p.  317,  1890 — Chubut;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  23,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-u,  x,  Uruguay,  Argentina, 
Chile;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1891, p.  16;  1892,  p.  201 — Est.  Espartillar,  Buenos  Aires; 
OUSTALET,  Miss.  Scient.  Cap.  Horn,  6,  p.  B  63,  1891 — Orange  Bay,  Rio 
Gallegos,  Punta  Arenas,  Cap  Negro,  Patagonia;  Santa  F6;  Buenos  Aires; 
Talcahuano,  Chile;  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  p.  182 — Uruguay;  SCHALOW,  Zool. 
Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  708,  1898 — part,  Punta  Arenas,  Seno  Almirantazgo, 
Cape  EspirituS  anto,  Tierra  del  Fuego  (spec,  examined) ;  SALVADORI,  Ann. 
Mus.  Stor.  Nat.  Genova,  40,  p.  607 — Punta  Arenas,  Staten  Isl.;  IHERING, 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  35 

Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  128,  1899 — Rio  Grande  do  Sul; 
GOSSE  in  FITZGERALD,  The  Highest  Andes,  p.  345,  1899 — Puente  del  Inca, 
Prov.  Mendoza,  up  to  12,000  ft.  breeding  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  366,  1902 — Ushuaia,  Tierra  del  Fuego;  ARRIBAL- 
ZAGA,  I.e.,  p.  164,  1902 — Lago  General  Paz,  Chubut;  LILLO,  I.e.,  p.  189,  1902 — 
Rio  Sali,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  52,  1905 — Rio  Sail; 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Auttm,  19,  p.  62,  1906 — 
Montevideo,  Santa  F6,  Buenos  Aires;  Punta  Arenas,  Rio  Galligoschico, 
Orange  Bay,  Patagonia;  Rio  Grande,  Brazil;  Magallama,  San  Alfonso,  Talca- 
huano,  Chile;  CRAWSHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  76,  1907 — Sara  Settle- 
ment; DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  290,  1910 — part;  GRANT, 
Ibis,  1911,  p.  127 — Los  Ynglases,  Aj6,  B.  Aires;  REED,  Aves  Prov.  Mendoza, 
p.  30,  1916 — El  Challao,  near  Mendoza;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  408 — Cap 
San  Antonio,  B.  Aires;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  19,  1920 — Monte- 
video, Canelones,  Maldonado;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas,  B.  Aires; 
PEREYRA,  I.e.,  3,  p.  167,  1923 — Zelaya,  B.  Aires;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  73, 
1923 — La  Rioja. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  fuscus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  208,  1909 — 
.  Cosquin,  Cordoba;  Barracas  al  Sud,  B.  Aires;  city  of  Tucuman  (spec,  exam- 
ined); DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  152,  1919  (monog.,  range, 
synon.);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  143,  1920 — Nilahue',  Curic6; 
idem,  I.e.,  25,  p.  180,  1923 — Cordillera  of  Aconcagua;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  313,  1923 — Huanuluan,  Gob.  Rio  Negro;  MARELLI,  Mem. 
Min.  Obr.  Publ.  (Buenos  Aires)  for  1922-23,  p.  639,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos 
Aires. 

Cillurus  vulgaris  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  248,  1860 — Sierra  de  Mendoza; 
idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  463,  1861 — Mendoza,  Parana. 

Cillurus  vulgaris  fuscus  (sic)  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cor- 
doba, 10,  p.  400,  1890 — Cordoba. 

(?)  Cinclodes  minor  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Orn.,  68,  p.  240,  1920 — Chile  (diag.)8. 

Range:  Extreme  southern  Brazil  (State  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul); 
Uruguay;  Argentina,  south  to  Tierra  del  Fuego  and  Staten  Islandb, 
west  to  the  foot  of  the  Andes  in  prov.  Tucuman,  Cordoba,  and  Men- 
doza; Chile,  north  to  Prov.  Atacama  (Caldera)0. 

a  The  specimen  identified  by  Reichenow  as  C.  minor  was  kindly  forwarded  to  my 
inspection  by  E.  Stresemann.  It  is  an  adult  bird  in  good  condition,  collected  by 
Dr.  Segeth  (of  Santiago)  in  Chile  (place  and  date  of  capture  not  recorded).  It  com- 
bines the  ochraceous  wing  band  and  strongly  buff  brown  under  parts  of  fuscus  with 
the  rufous  brown  back  and  rump  of  albiventris.  Above,  it  is  much  more  rufous  than 
any  other  Chilean  specimen.  Even  the  type  of  C.  minor  is  much  duller  and,  besides, 
has  no  rufous  on  the  rump. 

b  Darwin's  record  from  the  Falkland  Islands,  where  the  bird  has  never  been 
found  since,  is  obviously  a  mistake. 

0  With  thirty  Chilean  and  more  than  forty  Argentine  specimens  before  me,  I  am 
unable  to  make  out  any  geographic  races.  Birds  from  Tierra  del  Fuego  and  south- 
eastern Patagonia  (C.  gilvus)  are  precisely  similar  to  those  from  Buenos  Aires,  Entre- 
rios  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  which  may  be  regarded  as  representing  typical  fuscus. 
Ten  skins  from  Huanuluan  (Gob.  Rio  Negro),  two  from  the  lowlands  of  Tucuman 
(Tucuman  city,  Rio  Sali),  and  two  from  Mendoza  are  not  different  either.  The 
majority  from  Chile  are  not  distinguishable  from  the  Argentine  average,  though  the 


36    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

23:  Chile  (Caldera,  Atacama  i,  Romero,  Coquimbo  i,  San  Fran- 
cisco, O'Higgins  i,  Concepcion  4,  Lake  Gualletue,  Cautin  9,  Rio  Nire- 
guao  4) ;  Argentina  (City  of  Tucuman  i ,  Huanuluan,  Gob.  Rio  Negro  2) . 

Cinclodes  fuscus  tucumanus  Chapman*.    CHAPMAN'S  CINCLODES. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  tucumanus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  41,  p.  326, 
1919 — Tafi  del  Valle,  Prov.  Tucuman  (type  examined). 

Cillurus  minor  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  26,  p.  196, 
1878 — Sierra  de  Cordoba  (spec,  in  Berlin  Museum  examined);  STEMPELMANN 
and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  400,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SALVADOR:,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  12,  No.  292, 
p.  17,  1897 — Tala,  Carahuassi,  Salta;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  222,  1904 — Lara, 
Prov.  Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  254,  1904 — Rosario, 
Salta;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  290,  1910 — part. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  minor  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  HARTERT  and  VENTURI, 
Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  209,  1909 — Lara,  Las  Cienagas,  Tucuman;  Cachi,  Salta. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  rivularis  (not  of  CABANIS)  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
30,  p.  161,  1919 — part,  Argentina  localities. 

Range:  High  Andes  of  western  Argentina,  in  prov.  of  Cordoba 
(Sierra  de  Cordoba,  Sierra  de  Achala),  Tucumdn,  Salta,  and  Jujuy, 
from  7,000  ft.  upwards. 

'Cinclodes   fuscus   albiventris    (Philippi   and    Landbeck)b.     RUSTY- 
BACKED  CINCLODES. 

Upucerthia  albiventris  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  18  (i),  p.  731, 

type  of  C.  minor  (Arauco)  and  one  of  our  Concepcion  birds  have  the  back  slightly 
more  rufescent  and  the  under  parts  deeper  buffy  brown.  Material  examined. — Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  Brazil  i;  Uruguay  i;  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  20;  Prov.  Santa  F£  2; 
Tucuman  (city)  i ,  Rio  Sali  i ;  Cosquin,  Cordoba  3 ;  Mendoza  i ,  Puente  del  Inca  i ; 
Entrerios  (Concepcion  del  Uruguay)  2;  Huanuluan,  Gob.  Rio  Negro  10;  Tierra  del 
Puego  i;  Straits  of  Magellan  4;  Rio  Gallegos  2;  near  Mt.  Tigre,  Patagonia  i;  Rio 
Coy  i. — -Chile:  Caldera  i,  Tofo  i,  Romero,  Coquimbo  i,  Santiago  3,  O'Higgins  i, 
Concepcion  4,  Cautin  9,  Valdivia  i,  Casa  Pangue,  Llanquihu6  2,  Rio  Nireguao  4, 
unspecified  7. 

•  Cinclodes  fuscus  tucumanus  CHAPMAN:  Similar  to  C.  fuscus  albiventris,  but  wing 
band  deep  buff,  passing  into  ochraceous  buff  on  secondaries,  and  upper  parts  on 
average  slightly  brighter. 

The  coloring  of  the  wing-band  is  the  only  constant  character  of  this  form.  In 
C.  f.  albiventris  this  band  is  nearly  white,  but  slightly  tinged  with  buff  on  the  second- 
aries. I  find  much  individual  variation  in  the  tone  of  the  upper  parts,  though  none 
of  the  ten  Argentine  examples  approaches  the  dullest  extreme  of  albiventris.  An 
adult  from  the  Sierra  de  Cordoba  and  three  from  Cachi,  Salta  agree  with  six  from 
the  type  locality  while  three  others  from  Salta  (Tala)  are  hardly  different  from 
albiventris. 

bA  still  earlier  name  may  exist  in  Furnarius  longipennis  SWAINSON  (Anim. 
Menag.,  p.  350,  1837,  Peru).  I  hesitate,  however,  to  adopt  it,  as  Swainson  calls 
the  under  parts  "white,"  without  mentioning  either  the  dusky  spotting  of  the  throat 
or  the  rufescent  brown  flanks. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  37 

1861 — vicinity  of  Arica,  Chile;  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  27  (i),  p.  290,  1861 — 
(reprint  in  German);  PHILIPPI,  Ornis,  4,  p.  158,  1888 — Copacolla,  Atacama; 
idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  15,  Zool.,  p.  27,  pi.  14,  fig.  2,  1902 — Chile. 

Cillurus  rivularis  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  319,  1873 — Maraynioc,  Dept. 
Junin,  Peru  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined) ;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1874,  p.  526 — Junin. 

Uppucerthia  vulgar-is  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8, 
cl.  2,  p.  22,  1838 — part,  La  Paz,  Bolivia;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  mend., 
Ois.,  p.  372,  1847 — part,  Bolivia. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
P-  985 — Chihuata,  above  Arequipa,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  569 — same  local- 
ity; idem,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  153 — Tungasuca  near  Tinta,  Cuzco;  idem,  I.e.,  1874, 
p.  678 — Paucartambo,  Cuzco;  ALLEN,  Bull  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  3,  p.  354,  1876 
— Moho,  Lake  Titicaca;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  619 — 
Potosi,  Oruro,  La  Paz,  Chuquisaca,  Sorata,  Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1886,  p.  398 — Chumisa,  Cueva  Negra,  Sacaya,  Cordillera  of 
Tarapacd;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  23, 1890 — part,  spec,  bMi1, 
Peru;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  13,  1895 — Cajamarca,  Cajabamba;  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1891,  p.  134 — Sacaya,  Tarapaca;  idem,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  38 — 
Sacaya. 

Cinclodes  rivularis  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  112,  1884 — Junin,  Maraynioc, 
Candaravo,  Paucartambo;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  371 — Ingapirca,  Canchacso;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  128,  1906 — Puno;  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  64,  1906 — La  Paz, 
Bolivia;  Yanavia,  near  Arequipa,  Peru;  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Orn.,  68,  p.  239, 
1920 — Peru,  Bolivia  (diag.). 

Cinclodes  fuscus  rivularis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  81,  1921 — 
Idma  Pampa,  above  Matchu  Picchu,  Ollantaytambo,  Huaracondo  Canyon, 
Urubamba  region ;  Tica-tica,  Cuzco,  La  Raya,  Peru. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  albiventris  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  67,  1920 
— Ollachea,  near  Macusani,  Puno,  Peru  (crit.). 

Cinclodes  bifasciatus  (not  of  SCLATER)  OUSTALET,  Miss.  Sci.  Cap  Horn,  6,  p.  B  65, 
1891 — La  Paz,  Bolivia;  Peruvian  Andes  between  Arequipa  and  Cuzco  (spec, 
examined). 

Cinclodes  albiventris  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Orn.,  68,  p.  240,  1920 — Potosi,  Bolivia 
(spec,  examined). 

Range:  Andes  of  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  northern  Chile  (in  provinces  of 
Tacna,  Tarapaca,  and  Antofagasta)a. 

26:  Peru  (Mts.  near  Otuzco  i,  Junin  3,  Cerro  de  Pasco  2,  Huanuco 
Mts.  4,  Puno  3);  Bolivia  (Silola,  Dept.  Potosi  i);  Chile,  Antofagasta 

a  Birds  from  Huanuco  and  Cajamarca  incline  to  darker  (less  rufous)  upper  parts 
and  somewhat  deeper  brown  flanks,  when  compared  to  a  series  from  Junin,  Puno, 
and  La  Paz.  Those  from  northern  Chile  and  Potosi,  on  the  other  hand,  average 
somewhat  lighter  and  more  rufescent  above,  thereby  pointing  to  C.  f.  tucumanus. 
Fifty  specimens  examined. 


38    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(Rio  Loa  i ,  San  Pedro  i ,  twenty  miles  east  of  San  Pedro  i ,  Ojo  de  San 
Pedro  i),  Tacna  (Putre  4,  Chungara  i,  Alcerraca  i,  Choquelimpie  i). 

Cinclodes  fuscus  albidiventris  Sclater*.  ECUADORIAN  CINCLODES. 

Cinclodes  albidiventris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  77 — Chimborazo,  Ecua- 
dor; TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  94 — Chimborazo,  San 
Rafael;  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  360,  p.  19,  1899— 
Culebrillas,  Paramos  del  Azuay,  Valleviciosa,  Paramos  de  Cotopaxi;  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  63,  1906 — Pichin- 
cha;  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Orn.,  68,  p.  239,  1920 — Ecuador  (crit.). 

Cinclodes  fuscus  albidiventris  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  ge"og.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid. 
Equat.,  9,  p.  B  39,  1911 — Mozo,  Pichincha;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark. 
Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  68,  1922 — Pichincha. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  albiventris  (not  of  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  5,  p.  490,  1898 — Cayambe. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  15,  p.  23,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  i^o1,  Chimborazo,  Sical,  Ecuador. 

Range:    Andes  of  Ecuador. 
Cinclodes  fuscus  oreobates  Scott*.    COLOMBIAN  CINCLODES. 

Cinclodes  oreobates  SCOTT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  10,  p.  LXII,  1900 — Sierra  Nevada  de 
Santa  Marta;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  294,  1922 — 
Paramo  de  Macotama  and  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  Santa  Marta  Mts. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  23,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  p'-r1,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  albidiventris  (not  of  SCLATER)  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
13.  P-  98,  1899 — Paramo  de  Chiruqua;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13, 
p.  159,  1900  (ex  BANGS). 

Range:  Andes  of  Colombia  (Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta,  and 
Eastern  Andes,  in  State  of  Boyaca)0. 

•  Cinclodes  fuscus  albidiventris  SCLATER:  Above  similar  to  C.f.  albiventris,  some- 
times even  deeper  rufous  brown,  but  readily  distinguishable  by  the  deep  cinnamom- 
eous (instead  of  white  to  buff)  wing  band;  buff  instead  of  white  axillars  and  under 
wing-coverts;  longer  and  brighter  cinnamomeous  tips  to  lateral  rectrices,  and  by 
the  under  parts  being  more  brownish,  more  like  C.  f.  fuscus.  Wing  (four  specimens 
from  Chimborazo)  95-98;  tail  65-69;  bill  15.5-17. 

b  Cinclodes  fuscus  oreobates  SCOTT:  Very  nearly  related  to  C.  f.  albidiventris,  of 
Ecuador,  but  larger  with  longer  bill;  upper  parts  much  less  rufescent;  wing  band  and 
tips  to  lateral  rectrices  lighter  cinnamomeous,  dusky  spotting  on  throat  more  con- 
spicuous; middle  of  belly  more  whitish.  Wing  (twenty-three  specimens)  102-110. 
once  113;  tail  72-78;  bill  18-20.5. 

c  Ten  specimens  from  the  Andes  of  Boyaca  (Lagunillas,  Rio  Negro)  in  the  Car- 
negie Museum  agree  with  a  large  series  from  the  Santa  Marta  Mountains. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  39 

*Cinclodes  fuscus  heterurus  Madardsz*.    VENEZUELAN  CINCLODES. 

Cinclodes  heterurus  MADARAsz,  Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.,  I,  p.  462,  1903 — Culata, 
San  Antonio,  Valle,  Andes  of  MeYida;  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Orn.,  68,  p.  240, 
1920 — Venezuela  (diag.). 

Cinclodes  fuscus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870, 
p.  781,  786 — Paramo  of  Merida;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  23, 1890 — 
part,  spec,  s1,  Paramo  of  M6rida. 

Range:  Mountains  of  western  Venezuela  (Andes  of  Me"rida;  T£ta 
de  Niquitao,  Trujillo;  Paramo  de  Rosas,  Lara)b. 

8:    Venezuela,  Andes  of  Me'rida  (Conejos  2,  Nevados  i,  Culata  5). 

*Cinclodes    atacamensis    atacamensis    (Philippi).      WHITE-WINGED 
CINCLODES. 

Upucerthia  atacamensis  PHILIPPI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  23  (i),  p.  263,  1857  —  San 
Pedro  de  Atacama,  Chile;  idem,  Reise  Wuste  Atacama,  p.  162,  Zool.  pi.  3, 
1860 — same  locality;  idem,  Ornis,  4,  p.  158,  1888 — Atacama,  Copacolla; 
idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  15,  Zool.,  p.  26,  pi.  13,  fig.  i,  1902 — Atacama, 
Mendoza. 

Cinclodes  atacamensis  (subsp.  ?)  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  208, 
1909 — Cerro  Munoz,  Tafi,  Prov.  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  30,  p.  169,  1919 — part,  La  Quiaca,  Maimara,  Jujuy;  Aconquija,  Tafi, 
Prov.  Tucuman;  Quebrada  del  Toro,  Prov.  Salta;  Cordillera  de  Mendoza. 

Cinclodes  atacamensis  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  68,  1920 — 
Ollachea,  near  Macusani,  Peru  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117, 
p.  81,  1921 — La  Raya,  Pisac,  Calca,  Chospiyoc,  Urubamba  region,  Peru; 
SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  150,  1918 — Tunuyan,  Prov.  Mendoza. 

Cinclodes  bifasciatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  "1858,"  p.  448,  1859 — Bolivia; 
idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  780,  782 — Paucartambo,  Dept.  Cuzco;  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  678 — Paucartambo  (crit.);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per., 
2,  p.  no,  1884 — Junin,  Paucartambo;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith., 
i,  p.  173,  1888 — Mendoza;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  25,  1890 — 
Bolivia;  Paucartambo,  Peru;  Mendoza;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1886,  p.  398 — 
Chumisa,  Sacaya,  Sibaya,  Cordillera  of  Tarapaca;  idem,  I.e.,  1891,  p.  134 — 
Sacaya;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  38 — Sacaya;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
P.  Z. S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  371 — Acobamba,  Haz.  de  Queta,  near  Tarma,  Junin; 
idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  70,  1906 — Coracora,  Dept.  Ayacucho;  SALVADORI,  Boll. 
Mus.  Torino,  12,  No.  282,  p.  17,  1897 — Carahuassi,  Salta;  GOSSE  in  FITZ- 
GERALD, The  Highest  Andes,  p.  345,  1899 — on  the  road  from  Inca  to  Vacas, 
Prov.  Mendoza;  LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  449 — Puna  of  Jujuy  (habits) ;  LILLO, 

a  Cinclodes  fuscus  heterurus  MADARASZ:  Nearest  to  C.f.  oreobates,  but  easily  sep- 
arable by  having  the  three  lateral  pairs  of  rectrices  almost  wholly  and  of  a  brighter 
cinnamomeous  color;  besides,  the  median  rectrices  are  more  rufescent  brown,  the 
cinnamomeous  wing-band  is  deeper,  while  wings  and  bill  appear  to  be  somewhat 
shorter.  Wing  (seventeen  specimens)  95-100;  tail  66-73;  bill  17-19. 

b  Specimens  from  Teta  de  Niquitao  and  Paramo  de  Rosas  in  the  Carnegie 
Museum  are  obviously  not  different. 


4o    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  189,  1902 — Sierra  de  Malamala,  Tafi,  Prov. 
Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  p.  52,  1905 — same  locali- 
ties; BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  u,  p.  254,  1904 — Salta,  Dept.  Rosario; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  290,  1910 — range  in  Argentina; 
REED,  Aves  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  31,  1916 — Cacheuta;  REICHENOW,  Journ. 
Orn.,  68,  p.  238,  1920 — Calama,  Prov.  Antofagasta;  Mendoza  (spec,  in  Ber- 
lin Museum  examined). 

Cillurus  bifasciatus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  526 — Junin. 

Range :  Mountains  of  Peru  (from  Junin  southward) ,  Bolivia,  north- 
ern Chile  (in  provinces  of  Tarapacd  and  Antofagasta),  and  western 
Argentina  (in  provinces  of  Jujuy,  Salta,  Tucuman,  and  Mendoza)". 

9:  Peru  (Cerro  de  Pasco  i);  Chile  (Antofagasta,  Rio  Loa  i,  San 
Pedro  2;  Putre,  Tacna  i);  Bolivia  (Silola,  Prov.  Potosi  2);  Argen- 
tina (Maimara,  Jujuy  2). 

Cinclodes  atacamensis  schocolatinus   Reichenowb.   CORDOBA  WHITE- 
WINGED  ClNCLODES. 
Cinclodes  schocolatinus  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Ornith.,  68,  p.  238,  1920 — Cordoba 

(type  from  Cuesta  Copina  in  Berlin  examined). 
Cinclodes  atacamensis  (subsp.  ?)  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  30,  p.  169, 

1919 — part,  Serra  de  Achala,  Cordoba. 

Cinclodes  atacamensis  schocolatinus  HELLMAYR,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  290,  1922 — 
Cordoba  (crit.). 

Range :    Argentina  (Sierra  de  Cordoba,  Prov.  of  Cordoba) . 

Cinclodes  palliatus  (Tschudi)*.    WHITE-BELLIED  CINCLODES. 

Cillurus  palliatus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  281,  1844 — Peru;  idem, 

•  With  the  limited  material  at  my  command,  I  am  not  able  to  make  out  any 
racial  distinction  between  specimens  from  Peru  (Cerro  de  Pasco;  Ollachea,  near 
Macusani),  Argentina  (Jujuy,  Sierra  of  Mendoza)  and  northern  Chile  (Calama,  Rio 
Loa,  San  Pedro),  although  individual  and  seasonable  variation  is  considerable.  Two 
birds  from  the  vicinity  of  Mendoza,  while  slightly  deeper  rufous  brown  above,  show 
no  approach  toward  C.  a.  schocolatinus,  from  Cordoba.  It  should  also  be  mentioned 
that  three  Chilean  examples,  in  contradiction  to  Philippi's  description,  have  the 
foreneck  conspicuously  streaked  with  whitish  and  edged  with  smoke  gray,  like  speci- 
mens from  other  localities.  Fourteen  skins  examined. 

b  Cinclodes  atacamensis  schocolatinus  REICHENOW:  The  type,  an  unsexed  adult 
in  the  Berlin  Museum,  differs  from  C.  a.  atacamensis  by  having  the  upper  parts 
much  deeper,  chocolate  rather  than  rufous  brown;  the  lower  surface,  posterior  to 
the  foreneck,  dark  smoke  brown,  hardly  paler  along  the  middle  line,  and  the  flanks 
as  well  as  the  under  tail-coverts  much  darker  rufous  brown.  Wing  105 ;  tail  84;  bill  21. 

Although  the  type  is  much  more  deeply  colored  than  any  specimen  of  C.  a.  ata- 
camensis examined,  I  should  like  to  see  additional  material  from  Cordoba.  Dab- 
bene  (I.e.),  in  speaking  of  a  bird  from  this  locality,  insists  on  the  darker  flanks,  but 
does  not  mention  the  other  characters  exhibited  by  the  Cuesta  Copina  example. 

0  C.  palliatus,  though  remotely  allied  to  C.  atacamensis,  differs,  in  addition  to 
much  larger  proportions,  by  pure  white  under  parts,  conspicuous  black  loral  spot, 
absence  of  white  superciliaries,  and  other  characters.  Wing  (two  adult  males)  126- 
130;  tail  98-103;  bill  26-27. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  41 

Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  235,  pi.  16,  fig.  2,  1846 — Montana  de  Vitoc,  Peru; 
TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  526 — Junin. 

Cindod.es  palliatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  678,  in  text — 
Junin  (crit.);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  109,  1884 — Montana  de  Vitoc, 
Ninarupa,  Moyobamba;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  26,  1890 — Peru. 

Heleodytes  simonsi  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  19,  p.  34,  1906 — Galera,  Junin  (type  in 
British  Museum  examined). 

Range :    Andes  of  Peru. 


Genus  UPUCERTHIA  Geoffrey  Saint-Hilaire. 

Upucerihia  GEOFFROY  SAINT-HILAIRE,  Nouv.  Ann.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  i, 
p-  393.  1832 — type  Upucerthia  dumetaria  GEOFFROY  SAINT-HILAIRE. 

Ochetorhynchus  MEYEN,  Nov.  Act.  Acad.  Leop.  Carol.,  16,  Suppl.,  p.  80,  1834 — 
type  Ochetorhynchus  ruficaudus  MEYEN. 

Coprotretis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  24,  1859 — new  name  for 
Upucerthia  GEOFFROY  SAINT-HILAIRE  on  grounds  of  purism. 

*Upucerthia  dumetaria  dumetaria  Geoff roy  Saint-Hilaire.     PATAGON- 
IAN  EARTH-CREEPER. 

Upucerthia  dumetaria  GEOFFROY  SAINT-HILAIRE,  Nouv.  Ann.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat. 
Paris,  i,  p.  394,  1832 — Patagonia  =  banks  of  the  Rio  Negro  (types  in  Paris 
Museum  examined). 

Uppucerthia  dumetorum  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
8,  cl.  2,  p.  20,  1838 — no  locality  given. 

Upucerthia  dumetoria  GOULD  in  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  66,  pi.  19,  1839 — 
part,  Rio  Negro  and  Port  Desire,  Patagonia;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis, 
1868,  p.  187 — Possession  Bay,  Str.  of  Magellan;  HUDSON,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1871,  p.  259 — Buenos  Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1872,  p.  544 — Rio  Negro;  DURNFORD, 
Ibis,  1877,  p.  35 — eastern  Chubut  (nesting);  idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  395 — eastern 
Chubut;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  Zool.,  p.  43,  1881 — on  the  way 
from  Carhu^  to  Puan,  Sierra  de  Currumalan,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  Rio  Color  > 
ado  and  Rio  Negro,  Patagonia;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  205,  1883 
— Puan  and  Carhu6,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  466 — 
Lomas  de  Zamora,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (breeding) ;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON, 
Arg.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  170,  1888 — part,  Patagonia  north  to  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  17,  1890 — part,  spec,  n-t,  Rio  Negro,  Chubut,  Port 
Desire,  Patagonia;  BURMEISTER,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  3,  p.  317,  1890 — 
Rio  Deseado,  Prov.  Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia;  OUSTALET,  Miss.  Sci.  Cap  Horn, 
Zool.,  6,  p.  B  67,  1891 — Missioneros,  Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia;  HOLLAND,  Ibis, 
1895,  p.  216 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4, 
p.  709,  1898 — part,  Punta  Anegada,  Tierra  del  Fuego  (spec,  examined); 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  289,  1910— part,  Tierra  del 
Fuego,  Chubut,  Rio  Negro;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  408 — Cape  San  Antonio, 


42    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Minist.  Obr.  Publ.  (Buenos  Aires)  for 

1922-23,  p.  639,  1924 — Buenos  Aires. 
Upucerthia  dumetaria  dumetaria  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist. 

Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  54,  1906 — part,  Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia;  PETERS,  Bull. 

Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  312,  1923 — San  Antonio,  western  Rio  Negro,  Lake 

Nahuel  Huapi. 
Upucerthia  propinqua  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  "1889,"  p.  134, 

Feb.  1890 — Gregory  Bay,  Str.  of  Magellan  (type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 

examined;  =juv.)". 

Range :  Patagonia,  from  Tierra  del  Fuego  and  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan north  to  the  Rio  Colorado  and  Neuquen  (Collon-Cura,  Neuquen, 
Lake  Nahuel  Huapi);  casually  breeding  even  in  Province  of  Buenos 
Aires  (Lomas  de  Zamora),  where  not  uncommon  in  winter;  also  recorded 
as  winter  visitor  from  Santa  Elena,  Prov.  Entrerios. 

2:    Argentina  (Puerto  San  Antonio  i,  Huanuluan  i). 

*Upucerthia  dumetaria  darwini  Scottb.  DARWIN'S  EARTH-CREEPER. 

Upucerthia  darwini  SCOTT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  19,  p.  LXIII,  1900 — Mendoza, 

Argentina  (type  in  British  Museum  examined;  =juv.). 
Ochetorhynchus  dumetoria  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  9,  p.  94,  1841 — eastern  side 

of  Chilian  Andes,  lat.  34-35°  south. 

a  Birds  from  the  Straits  of  Magellan  are  identical  with  others  from  Patagonia. 
The  type  of  U.  propinqua,  a  bird  in'  juvenal  plumage,  characterized  by  more  numer- 
ous roundish  blackish  edges  on  breast  and  abdomen,  similar  though  less  distinct 
markings  on  throat  and  foreneck,  and  short  bill,  agrees  in  every  respect  with  a 
female  in  corresponding  stage  from  Bariloche,  Gob  .Rio  Negro  (Mus.  C.  Z.  No.  85390). 
R.  Ridgway,  when  describing  the  supposed  new  species,  compared  it  with  specimens 
from  Chile  (Valle  del  Yeso)  identified  as  U.  d.  dumetaria,  which  prove  to  belong  to 
U.  d.  darwini.  Shape  and  curvature  of  bill  are  extremely  variable  in  different  indi- 
viduals of  dumetaria. 

Specimens  examined. — Tierra  del  Fuego  (Punta  Anegada)  2,  Straits  of  Magellan 
(Elizabeth  Isl.,  Gregory  Bay)  3,  near  Rio  Coy,  Patagonia  3,  Huanuluan  7,  Puerto 
San  Antonio  5,  Rio  Negro  2,  Puan,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  i. 

b  Upucerthia  dumetaria  darwini  SCOTT:  yery  close  to  U.  d.  dumetaria,  but  above 
slightly  more  brownish,  with  a  rufescent  tinge  on  the  wings,  and  generally  more 
buffy  below. 

Birds  from  San  Juan  (Angaco  Sud,  Media  Agua)  agree  with  a  series 
from  Mendoza,  while  ten  specimens  from  Tucuman  (Tafi  del  Valle)  and  Jujuy  (Til- 
cara,  Maimara)  differ  by  their  decidedly  more  brownish  upper,  and  deeper  buff  under 
parts.  In  coloration  above,  they  approach  U.  d.  hallinani,  but  have  brighter  cin- 
namomeous  tips  to  the  lateral  rectrices  and  are  much  deeper  buff  below,  with  the 
dusky  ^quamate  markings  more  pronounced.  Three  immature  birds  from  Chile 
(Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  175834  o*.  Villa  de  los  Piuquenes,  Cord,  de  Aconcagua, 
Dec.  31,  1920,  Rafael  V.  Barros;  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  No.  48864-5,  o",  9,  Valle  del 
Yeso,  Prov.  Santiago,  January  1866,  A.  Philippi)  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  Jujuy 
examples,  being  very  different  from  the  common  Earth-creeper  of  Central  Chile 
( U.  d.  saturatior)  ,  and  are  obviously  migrants  from  Argentina. 

Specimens  examined. — Mendoza  n,  Cosquin,  Cordoba  i,  Angaco  Sud,  San 
Juan  4,  Media  Agua,  San  Juan  i,  Tafi  del  Valle,  Tucuman  7,  Maimara,  Jujuy  2, 
Tilcara,  Jujuy  2,  Valle  del  Yeso,  Prov.  Santiago  2,  Villa  de  los  Piuquenes,  Prov. 
Aconcagua,  Chile  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  43 

Uppucerthia  dumetoria  (not  of  GEOFFROY  SAINT-HILAIRE)  PHASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
ii,  p.  in,  1843 — eastern  side  of  Chilian  Andes,  lat.  34-35°  south. 

Ochetorhynchus  dumetorius  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  249,  1860 — Mendoza; 
idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  463,  1861 — Mendoza. 

Upucerthia  dumetoria  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  433 — Cosquin,  Cordoba 
(spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  17,  1890 — part,  spec,  k, 
Mendoza;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  "1889,"  p.  134,  Feb.  1890 — 
Valle  del  Yeso,  Prov.  Santiago,  Chile  (spec,  examined);  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev. 
Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  281,  1895 — Chilecito,  Rioja;  GOSSE  in  FITZGERALD, 
The  Highest  Andes,  p.  345,  1899 — Puente  del  Inca  and  Horcones  Valley, 
Mendoza  (spec,  examined);  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  189, 
1902 — Rio  Sali,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  51,  1905 — Rio 
Sali;  LCNNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  450 — Moreno,  Puna  de  Jujuy;  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  289,  1910 — part,  La  Rioja,  Jujuy,  Cordoba,  Men- 
doza, Tucuman;  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  180,  1923 — Cordillera 
of  Aconcagua  (spec,  examined). 

Coprotretis  dumetoria  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10, 
p.  400,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Upucerthia  fitzgeraldi  ScoTT8,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  10,  p.  63,  1900 — Puente  del  Inca, 
Mendoza  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Upucerthia  dumetaria  darwini  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  54,  1906 — Mendoza;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
16,  p.  207,  1909 — Mendoza;  Cosquin,  Cordoba;  Tucuman;  Cachi,  Salta. 

Upucerthia  dumetoria  darwini  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  150,  1918 — Mendoza; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  41,  p.  324,  1919 — Mendoza;  Tafi  del 
Valle,  Tucuman;  Angaco  Sud,  Media  Agua,  Prov.  San  Juan;  GIACOMELLI, 
El  Hornero  3,  p.  73,  1923 — La  Rioja. 

Upucerthia  dumetoria  dumetoria  (errore)  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  30, 1916 — 
Mendoza. 

Range :  Andes  of  western  Argentina,  from  Mendoza,  San  Juan,  and 
Cordoba  north  to  Tucuman,  Salta,  and  Jujuy ;  casually  in  central  Chile 
(provinces  of  Santiago  and  Aconcagua). 

2:    Argentina  (Maimara,  Prov.  Jujuy  2). 

*Upucerthia    dumetaria   hallinani    Chapman*.     HALLINAN'S    EARTH- 
CREEPER. 

Upucerthia  dumetoria  hallinani  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  41,  p.  324, 
Sept.  1919 — Tofo,  sixty  miles  north  of  Coquimbo,  Chile  (type  examined). 

a  This  supposed  species  was  merely  based  on  very  worn  specimens  of  U.  darwini 
the  type  of  which  is  a  young  bird  in  perfectly  fresh  plumage.  Fortunately,  in  one 
of  the  original  examples  which  is  in  the  process  of  molting  there  are  enough  newly 
growing  feathers  to  show  that  the  squamate  markings  on  foreneck  and  chest  are  just 
as  well  developed  as  in  other  individuals  of  darwini. 

b  Upucerthia  dumetaria  hallinani  CHAPMAN:  Very  similar  to  U.  d.  darwini,  but 
upper  parts  paler,  sandy  rather  than  smoky;  lower  parts  more  whitish,  only  the 


44     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Upucerthia  dumetoria  (not  U.  dumetaria  of  GEOFFROY  SAINT-HILAIRE)  DARWIN, 
Zoo\.  Beagle,  3,  p.  66,  1839 — part,  Coquimbo;  PHILIPPI,  Reise  Wueste  Ata- 
cama,  p.  161,  1860 — banks  of  the  Rio  Atacama;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  324,  338 — Coquimbo;  SHARPS,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  9 — Coquimbo;  PHILIPPI, 
Ornis,  4,  p.  158,  1888 — Atacama,  Copacolla;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
!$»  P-  !?>  I89o — part,  spec,  a-c,  Coquimbo;  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.  4, 
p.  709,  1898 — part,  Coquimbo,  La  Serena  (spec,  examined). 

Range :    Northern  Chile,  from  Coquimbo  to  Antofagasta. 

15:  Chile  (Romero,  near  Coquimbo  4,  Bafios  del  Toro,  Prov. 
Coquimbo  3;  Domeyko  3,  near  Caldera  i,  Ramadilla,  Copiap6 
valley,  Prov.  Atacama  i ;  Rio  Loa,  Prov.  Antofagasta  3). 

"Upucerthia  dumetaria  saturatior  Scott*.    CHILIAN  EARTH-CREEPER. 

Upucerthia  saturatior  SCOTT,  Bull.  B.  O.  Cl.,  10,  p.  63,  March  1900 — "Central 
Chile"  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Upucerthia  tamucoensis  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  27,  p.  101,  1911 — Temuco, 
Prov.  Cautin  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Uppucerthia  dumetoria  (not  of  GEOFFROY  SAINT-HILAIRE)  CASSIN  in  Gilliss, 
U.  S.  Astron.  Exped.,  2,  p.  188,  1855 — Chile;  PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool., 
I,  V6gel,  p.  58,  1865 — Chile  (spec,  examined). 

Upucerthia  dumetoria  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  88,  1889 — Valpar- 
aiso; SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  17,  1890 — part,  Chile;  BARROS, 
Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  143,  1920 — Nilahu6,  Prov.  Curico. 

Upucerthia  dumetaria  dumetaria  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  54,  1906 — part,  spec,  f,  g,  Chile. 

Upucerthia  dumetoria  saturatior  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  41,  p.  324, 
1919 — Santiago,  Valparaiso. 

chest  and  flanks  pale  buff,  with  fewer  and  narrower  squamate  markings  on  foreneck; 
tips  to  lateral  rectrices  brighter  cinnamomeous;  wings  on  average  shorter.  Similar 
also  to  U.  d.  dumetaria,  but  wings  generally  shorter,  bill  longer,  dusky  markings  below 
narrower  and  more  restricted,  flanks  more  buffy  brown,  etc.  Wing  (male)  100-106, 
(female)  95-100;  tail  77-88;  bill  33-38. 

Birds  from  Romero,  Prov.  Coquimbo  are  darker  below,  approaching  U.  d.  sat- 
uratior. 

Seventeen  specimens  from  Coquimbo  to  Antofagasta  examined. 

•  Upucerthia  dumetaria  saturatior  SCOTT:  Differs  at  a  glance  from  the  other  races 
by  very  much  darker  olive  or  sepia  brown  upper  parts,  without  paler  tips  to  the 
wing-coverts;  tawny  rather  than  cinnamomeous  basal  portion  of  remiges;  deep  olive 
or  sepia  brown  median  rectrices;  generally  wider,  deeper  cinnamon  rufous  tips  to 
lateral  rectrices;  much  darker,  avellaneous  rather  than  buffy  under  parts,  with  the 
blackish  margins  on  foreneck  and  chest  much  more  pronounced,  and  the  flanks  dark 
wood  or  sooty  brown;  decidedly  shorter,  stouter,  deeper  blackish  bill.  Wing  (male) 
97-104,  (female)  93-100;  tail  75-84;  bill  28-32. 

Eight  specimens  from  Cautin,  including  the  type  of  U.  tamucoensis,  are  not  sep- 
arable from  the  series  taken  between  Concepcion  and  Valparaiso.  The  type  of 
U.  saturatior  is  an  exact  duplicate  of  the  Olmu6  skin.  Two  birds  from  Santiago, 
without  date  of  capture,  are  also  referable  to  this  race. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  45 

Range:  Central  Chile,  from  Valparaiso  and  Santiago  south  to 
Cautin. 

14:  Chile  (Olmue,  Prov.  Valparaiso  i;  Zeno  i;  Quirihue",  Prov. 
Maule  i ;  Hacienda  Gualpencillo,  near  Concepcion  7 ;  Villa  Portales  i , 
Rio  Lolen  2,  Lake  Gualletue",  Prov.  Cautin  i). 

*Upucerthia  validirostris  validirostris   (Burmeister)*.     BUFF-BELLIED 
EARTH-CREEPER. 

Ochetorhynchus  validirostris  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  a,  p.  464,  1861 — 
Sierra  de  Mendoza  (type  in  Halle  Museum  examined). 

Ochetorhynchus  andicola  (not  Uppucerthia  andaecola  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY) 
BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  248,  1860 — Sierra  de  Mendoza. 

Upucerthia  validirostris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  18,  1890 — "Pampas 
of  Argentine  Republic";  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  222,  1904 — Lara,  Prov.  Tucu- 
man; HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  207,  1909 — Cerro  Munoz, 
La  Cienaga,  Prov.  Tucuman;  Cachi,  Prov.  Salta;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  289,  1910 — La  Cienaga,  Prov.  Tucuman;  "Pampas," 
"Mendoza." 

Upucerthia  dabbenei  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  41,  p.  325,  1919 — above 
Tafi  del  Valle,  Prov.  Tucuman. 

Range:  Andes  of  western  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Mendoza, 
Tucumanb,  and  Salta. 

*Upucerthia  validirostris  pallida  Taczanowski0.    PALE  EARTH-CREEPER. 
Upucerthia  pallida  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  71 — "Junin,"  Peru; 

a  Upucerthia  validirostris  is  quite  distinct  specifically,  differing  from  the  dutne- 
taria  group  by  much  stronger  and  more  convex  bill;  the  wholly  orange  cinnamon 
three  outer  pairs  of  rectrices;  light  pinkish  cinnamon  instead  of  buffy  superciliaries 
and  lower  parts,  the  foreneck  and  chest  without  conspicuous  dusky  squamate  mark- 
ings; more  strongly  defined  and  deeper  tawny  area  on  wings,  etc.  Wing  95-98: 
tail  87-91 ;  bill  38-39. 

b  Birds  from  Tucuman  ( U.  dabbenei)  are  obviously  inseparable  from  0.  validiros- 
tris. On  comparing  four  specimens  from  Cerro  Munoz  with  the  type  in  the  Halle 
Museum,  I  found  them  to  agree  in  all  essential  features  except  that  they  were  just 
a  slight  shade  more  grayish  above  and  somewhat  brighter  pinkish  cinnamon  below, 
with  faint  traces  of  grayish  edges  on  foreneck  and  lower  throat,  which  are  barely 
indicated  on  a  few  feathers  in  Burmeister's  example.  These  insignificant  variations 
are,  however,  easily  accounted  for  by  the  immaturity  of  the  type.  Although  orig- 
inally described  from  the  Sierra  of  Mendoza,  U.  validirostris  has  never  been  found 
there  again,  and  I  would  not  be  surprised  if  the  type  locality  proved  to  be  erroneous. 

0  Upucerthia  validirostris  pallida  TACZANOWSKI:    This  is  not  a  very  strongly 
marked  race,  differing  only  by  generally  smaller  size,  shorter  bill,  somewhat  paler 
under  parts,  and  paler  brown  median  rectrices.    All  of  these  characters  are,  how- 
ever, more  or  less  variable,  and  some  of  the  birds  from  Tacna  closely  approach- 
U.  v.  validirostris  in  size  and  coloration. 

1  am  rather  doubtful  as  to  the  applicability  of  the  name  pallida.  Taczanowski's 
description,  while  corresponding  to  the  birds  from  southern  Peru  and  Bolivia,  was 


46     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

idem,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  107,  1884 — "Junin";  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
Ornis,  13,  p.  70,  1906 — Sondor,  Salazara,  Caraveli,  Prov.  Ayacucho;  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  81,  1921 — Tirapata,  Titicaca  basin;  La 
Raya,  Tica-tica,  head  of  Urubamba  Valley. 

Upucerthia  jelskii  (not  of  CABANIS)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  3,  p.  354, 
1876 — Conima,  Lake  Titicaca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  18,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  d,  e,  Bolivia;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1891,  p.  134 — Sacaya,  Cord, 
of  Tarapacd;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  37 — Sacaya,  Huasco,  Tarapaca,  Chile; 
BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  128,  1906 — Puno,  Peru. 

Upucerthia  validirostris  (not  of  BURMEISTER)  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m. 
Soc.  Hist.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  55,  1906 — Chile. 

Range:  Andes  of  southern  Peru  (in  depts.  Cuzco,  Puno,  and  Aya- 
cucho), Bolivia  (in  prov.  La  Paz,  Oruro,  and  Potosi),  and  northern 
Chile  (in  prov.  Tacna  and  Tarapaca). 

7:    Chile  (Putre,  Prov.  Tacna  7). 


*Upucerthia  validirostris  jelskii  (Cabanis)*.    JELSKI'S  EARTH-CREEPER. 

Coprotretis  jelskii  CABANisb,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  98,  1874 — Junin  (type  in  Berlin 
Museum  examined). 

Upucerthia  jelskii  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  526 — Junin;  idem, 
Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  106,  1884 — Junin;  between  Huancayo  and  the  Cordillera  of 

based  upon  two  examples  from  "Junin"  in  the  Raimondi  collection.  All  the  speci- 
mens I  have  feen  from  the  Junin  district  are,  however,  clearly  referable  to  U.  v.  jel- 
skii which  is  certainly  but  a  northern  race  of  the  present  bird.  I  cannot  help  think- 
ing that  there  is  some  mistake  about  the  type  locality  of  U.  pallida. 

MEASUREMENTS 

U.  validirostris  pallida 
Two  males,  Tirapata,  Titicaca  basin 
Two  females,  Tirapata 
One  male,  Anta,  Cuzco,  Peru 
One  male,  La  Paz,  Bolivia 
Two  females,  Mauri,  Dept.  La  Paz, 

Bolivia 

Two  males,  Potosi,  Bolivia 
Three  males,  Oruro,  Bolivia  (Sajama) 
Six  males,  Prov.  Tacna,  Chile 
Two  females,  Prov.  Tacna,  Chile 

U.  validirostris  jelskii 
Four  males,  Junin 
Three  females,  Junin 
One  male,  Cerro  de  Pasco 

a  Upucerthia  validirostris  jelskii  (Cabanis) :  Similar  to  U.  v.  pallida,  but  less  buffy 
below;  median  rectrices  much  darker  brown,  the  lateral  ones  dusky  brown  faintly 
tinged  with  rufescent  (instead  of  bright  orange  cinnamon),  and  the  cinnamon  area 
of  the  remiges  barely  suggested.  Seven  specimens,  including  the  type,  from  Junin 
and  one  from  Cerro  de  Pasco  examined. 

b  An  earlier  name  is  possibly  Upucerthia  hypoleuca  REICHENBACH  (Handb.  spez. 
Orn.,  Scansoriae,  p.  214,  pi.  s62b  =  607,  fig.  4072,  1853),  supposed  to  be  from  "Chile." 


WING 

TAIL 

BILL 

89,91 

77,77 

3i-5,32 

85,86 

71,72 

31,33 

91 

78 

28 

88 

74 

31 

86,88 

74,74 

32,38 

87,89 

72,75 

31,32 

85,88,88 

74,78,78 

33-5,37,37-5 

89-97 

79-85 

32-36 

86,90 

79,79 

32-5,35 

84,85,86,87 

66,68,70,73 

3i,3i-5,32.5,32.5 

81.5,82,85 

65,70 

30,31,32 

86 

69 

31 

1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  47 

Huaritanga;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  18,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-c, 
Junin,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  371 — 
Ingapirca,  Queta,  near  Tarma,  Junin. 

Range:  Central  Peru,  in  Dept.  Junin  (Cerro  de  Pasco,  Junin,  Inga- 
pirca, Queta,  Chipa,  Huancayo). 

i :    Peru  (Cerro  de  Pasco  i). 
*Upucerthia  serrana  Taczanowski*.    STRIATED  EARTH-CREEPER. 

Upucerthia  serrana  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  525 — Junin  and  Acan- 
cocha,  Peru;  idem,  1.  c.,  1880,  p.  200 — Cutervo;  idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  107, 
1884 — Cutervo,  Acancocha,  Junin;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  13,  1895 — Caja- 
marca,  Huamachuco,  Cajabamba;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1896,  p.  371 — Palcayamo,  Queta;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  331, 
1906  (range). 

Upucerthia  andicola  (not  Uppucerthia  andaecola  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY) 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  19,  1890 — Cutervo,  Maraynioc. 

Cinclodes  neglectus  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  89,  1919 — Mountains  near  Otuzco,  Peru 

(=juv.). 

Range ;  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Peru,  in  depts  Cajamarca, 
Libertad,  Huanuco,  and  Junin. 

5:    Peru  (Mts.  near  Otuzco  i,  Hudnuco  Mts.  3,  La  Quinua  i). 

Upucerthia  andaecola   Lafresnaye  and  D'0rbignyb.     RUFOUS-TAILED 
EARTH-CREEPER. 

Uppucerthia  andaecola  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
8,  cl.  2,  p.  21,  1838 — La  Paz,  Sicasica,  Bolivia  (types  in  Paris  Museum  exam- 
ined); MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mein.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  55, 

Description  and  figure,  while  generally  agreeing  with  the  characters  of  U.  jelskii, 
are  inadequate  for  proper  identification,  and  the  type  does  not  any  longer  exist  in 
the  Dresden  Museum,  as  I  am  kindly  informed  by  Dr.  Arnold  Jacobi. 

•  Upucerthia  serrana  TACZANOWSKI:  Related  to  U.  andaecola  and,  like  it,  with 
uniform  rufous  tail,  but  larger,  with  culmen  more  strongly  curved;  pileum  and  upper 
back  dark  earthy  brown,  with  narrow  buff  shaft  streaks  on  forehead  and  hindneck; 
upper  wing-coverts  and  outer  webs  of  remiges  much  brighter  russet;  under  parts 
darker,  more  washed  with  grayish  brown,  conspicuously  streaked  with  buff  on  chest 
and  sides;  flanks  much  less  buffy  brown.  Wing  (four  males)  86-88,  (three  females) 
83-87;  tail  84-90;  bill  24-27. 

The  only  adult  specimen  seen  from  northern  Peru  (Cajabamba)  being  in  very 
worn  condition,  is  not  properly  comparable  with  a  series  of  newly  molted  birds  from 
Junin  and  Huanuco.  The  type  of  Cinclodes  neglectus  is  a  bird  in  fluffy  juvenile  plu- 
mage with  undeveloped  bill.  Although  probably  but  a  northern  race  of  U.  andae- 
cola, this  species  is  too  little  known  to  admit  the  use  of  a  trinomial  designation. 

b  Eight  specimens  from  Bolivia  (La  Paz  6,  Vacas  i,  Sicasica  i)  examined. 


48    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1906 — La  Paz,  Sicasica  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  331,  1906 — 
Bolivia  (crit.). 

Uppucerthia  andecola  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  371,  pi.  56, 
fig.  2,  1847 — La  Paz,  Inquisivi,  Totora,  "Valle  Grande,"  Bolivia. 

Upucerthia  bridgesi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1889,  p.  32 — Bolivia  (types  in  Brit- 
ish Museum  examined);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  19,  1890 — Bolivia. 

(?)  Upucerthia  serrana  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  24, 
1909 — El  Volcan,  Prov.  Jujuy;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  329,  1914 
(ex  LILLO). 

Range:  Andes  of  Bolivia,  in  depts.  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba; 
(?)  northwestern  Argentina  (Prov.  Jujuy) a. 

*Upucerthia  ruficauda  (Meyen)b.    MEYEN'S  EARTH-CREEPER. 

Ochetorhynchus  ruficaudus  MEYEN°,  Nov.  Act.  Acad.  Leop.  Carol.,  16,  Suppl., 
p.  81,  pi.  ii,  1834 — foot  of  Volcan  of  Maipu,  Prov.  Santiago,  Chile;  BUR- 
MEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  p.  248,  1860 — Sierra  de  Mendoza;  idem,  Reise  La 
Plata  St.,  2,  p.  463,  1861 — Sierra  de  Uspallata,  Mendoza. 

Uppucerthia  montana  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
8,  cl.  2,  p.  22,  1838 — Palca  (above  Tacna),  "Peru"  =  Chile  (type  in  Paris 
Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  371,  pi.  56, 
fig.  i,  1847  —  on  the  plateaux  of  Bolivia  and  "Peru,"  principally  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  La  Paz. 

Upucerthia  baeri  OUSTALET,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  43,  1904 — Lara,  Prov.  Tucu- 
man  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  222,  1904 — Lara; 
LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  54,  1905 — Lara,  Cerro  Muftoz,  Tucuman; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  289,  1910— same  localities. 

Enicornis  striata  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  89,  1889 — "Chile,  prob- 
ably Valparaiso"  (?)  (type  examined). 

Cinclodes  montanus  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  235,  1846 — Palca  (ex  D'OR- 
BIGNY); TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  108,  1884 — Palca  (ex  D'ORBIGNY), 
Arequipa,  Peru. 

Upucerthia  ruficauda  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  619 — La  Paz 
(ex  D'ORBIGNY);  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1886,  p.  398 — Lalcalhuay,  Cord,  of  Tara- 
paca,  Chile;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  171,  1888 — Chile,  Men- 
doza; ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  88,  1889 — Valparaiso  (?); 

a  Argentina  specimens  which  we  have  not  seen  are  more  likely  to  be  referable 
to  U.  andaecola  than  to  the  Peruvian  U.  serrana, 

b  Upucerthia  ruficauda  (MEYEN),  in  general  coloration,  bears  a  striking  similarity 
to  U.  andaecola,  but  may  be  recognized  by  the  inner  web  of  the  second  to  fifth  rectrix 
being  partly  or  wholly  black;  by  much  less  conspicuous,  pale  cinnamon  instead  of 
dark  brown  striping  of  the  flanks,  paler,  almost  whitish  superciliaries,  and  decidedly 
straighter  bill.  In  spite  of  their  close  resemblance  I  hesitate  to  treat  them  as  sub- 
species, since  their  ranges  appear  to  overlap  in  Bolivia. 

0  Although  the  figure  is  barely  recognizable,  the  description  of  the  tail  markings 
corresponds  exactly  to  the  species  afterwards  named  U.  montana  by  Lafresnay  e  and 
D'Orbigny. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  49 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  20,  1890 — Mendoza;  Laguna  Colguapa, 
Chubut;  Bolivia;  GOSSE  in  Fitzgerald,  The  Highest  Andes,  p.  346,  1899 — 
Aconcagua,  Puente  del  Inca,  Sierra  of  Mendoza;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR, 
Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  57,  1906 — Palca,  Chile;  Lara,  Tucuman 
(crit.);  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  24,  1909 — Prov.  Tucuman;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  289,  1910 — Cordilleras  of  Mendoza;  REED, 
Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  30,  1906 — Prov.  Mendoza. 

Upucerthia  ruficaudus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  207,  1909 — 
Cerro  Munoz,  Prov.  Tucuman. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  southern  Peru  (Dept. 
Arequipa),  Bolivia  (depts.  La  Paz  and  Potosi),  Chile  (from  Prov. 
Tacna  south  to  Santiago),  and  Argentina  (prov.  Tucuman  and 
Mendoza,  also  once  recorded  from  Laguna  Colguapa,  western  Chubut) a. 

1 1 :  Chile  (Putre,  Prov.  Tacna  i ;  twenty  miles  east  of  San  Pedro, 
Prov.  Antofagasta  4;  Banos  del  Toro,  Prov.  Coquimbo  6). 

Upucerthia    certhioides    certhioides    (Lafresnaye    and    D'0rbigny)b. 

LAPRESNAYE'S  EARTH-CREEPER. 

\ 

Anabates  certhioides  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8, 
cl.  2,  p.  15,  1838 — Corrientes,  Argentina  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Ochetorhynchus  luscinia  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  464,   1861 — 
part,  Parana,  Entrerios0. 

Upucerthia  luscinia  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.   171,  1888 — part, 
Parand;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  289,  1910 — part,  Ocampo. 

Upucerthia  certhioides  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  Autun, 
19,  p.  56,  1906 — Corrientes;  San  Vicente,  Prov.  Santa  F6  (crit.). 

Upucerthia  certhioides  certhioides  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  207, 
1909 — San  Vicente,  Mocovi,  Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  F6  (breeding  habits). 

Range:  Eastern  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Santa  Fe",  Corrientes, 
and  Entrerios. 

a  While  there  is  much  individual  variation  in  the  amount  of  black  on  the  lateral 
rectrices  and  the  striping  beneath,  I  am  unable  to  make  out  any  racial  distinction 
between  birds  from  Bolivia,  Chile,  and  Argentina. 

Specimens  examined. — Chile:  Putre  i,  Palca,  Tacna  i;  Antofagasta,  Ascotan  i, 
Pugios  i,  twenty  miles  east  of  San  Pedro  4;  "Valparaiso"  i;  Banos  del  Toro,  Co- 
quimbo 6.  Bolivia:  Mauri,  near  Corocoro,  Dept.  La  Paz  i,  Potosi  3.  Argentina: 
Sierra  of  Mendoza  2,  Prov.  Tucuman,  Lara  i.  Cerro  Munoz  3. 

b  Upucerthia  certhioides  certhioides  (LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  :  Differs  from 
U.  certhioides  luscinia  by  much  more  rufous  brown  upper  parts,  flanks,  and  under 
tail-coverts.  Wing  66-70;  tail  67-70;  bill  23-25.  Besides  the  type  from  Corrientes, 
I  have  examined  four  specimens  from  Prov.  Santa  F<§  (San  Vicente,  Ocampo,  Mocovi) 
in  the  Tring  Museum. 

0  Burmeister  obviously  did  not  secure  specimens  at  Parana.  The  two  marked 
types  in  the  Halle  Museum  as  well  as  a  third  skin  of  Burmeister's  in  the  British 
Museum  are  from  Mendoza. 


50    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

TTpucerthia   certhioides   luscinia    (Burmeister) .     WARBLING   EARTH- 
CREEPER. 

Ochetorhynchus  luscinia  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  p.  249,  1860 — "uberall 
im  mittleren  und  westlichen  Gebiet"  (the  types  examined  in  the  Halle  Mu- 
seum are  from  Mendoza);  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  464,  1861 — part, 
Mendoza;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  26,  p.  196,  1878 — Sierra  de  Cordoba; 
STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Cienc.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  400,  1890 — 
Cordoba. 

Upucerthia  luscinia  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  358 — Salta;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1882,  p.  610 — Fuerte  de  Andalgala,  Catamarca;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg. 
Orn.,  i,  p.  171,  1888 — part,  western  Argentina;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  20,  1890 — Mendoza,  Catamarca,  Cordoba,  Salta  (spec,  examined); 
KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  281,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  17,  1891 — Tala,  Salta;  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  189,  1902 — Tapia,  Vipos,  Prov.  Tucuman; 
idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  51,  1905 — same  localities;  BRUCH,  Rev. 
Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  254,  1904 — Vina,  Salta;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  222,  1904 — 
Tapia,  Tucumdn;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
J9,  P-  56,  1906 — Cordoba,  Tapia;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  289,  1910  (range,  excl.  Ocampo,  Chaco). 

Upucerthia  certhioides  luscinia  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  208, 
1909 — Vipos,  Tapia,  Prov.  Tucuman;  Catamarca  (city);  Arenal,  Prov.  Salta; 
SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  150,  1918 — Mendoza;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  73, 
1923 — La  Rioja. 

Upucerthia  luscinia  luscinia  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  30,  1916 — Las  Heras, 
Mendoza. 

Range:    Western  Argentina,  from  Mendoza  and  the  western  sec- 
tion of  Cordoba  (Sierra)  north  to  Tucuman  and  Salta*. 

5:    Argentina,  Prov.  Tucumdn  (Leales  3,  Tapia  i,  Trancas  i). 


Upucerthia  harterti  Berkpsch*.    HARTERT'S  EARTH-CREEPER. 

Upucerthia,  harterti  BERLEPSCH,  Bericht  17.  Jahresvers.  Allg.  Deuts.  Orn.  Ges., 
1892,  p.  10,  Dec.  25,  1892 — Valle  grande  (type)  and  Trigal,  eastern  Bolivia 
(spec,  examined);  idem,  Journ.  Ornith.,  40,  p.  452,  1893 — (reprint). 

Range:  Bolivia,  in  eastern  section  of  Dept.  Cochabamba  (Trigal, 
Valle  Grande). 

*  Twelve  specimens  from  Tucuman  and  Salta  are  not  different  from  eight  others 
taken  in  prov.  Mendoza,  Catamarca,  and  Cordoba  (Cosquin). 

b  Upucerthia  harterti  BERLEPSCH:  Resembling  U.  certhioides  in  proportions  and 
shape  of  bill,  but  differing  by  the  absence  of  the  rufous  brown  forehead;  pale  buff 
(instead  of  chestnut)  superciliaries ;  more  rufous  brown  upper  tail-coverts  and  rec- 
trices;  pale  buff  (instead  of  dingy  grayish  brown)  under  parts  (except  the  throat 
which  is  white  in  both  species),  with  more  fulvous  flanks  and  under  tail-coverts. 
Wing  (two  females)  65,  67;  tail  70;  bill  24. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  51 

TTpucerthia    excelsior*    excelsior    (Sclater).      STOUT-BILLED    EARTH- 
CREEPER. 

Cinclodes  excelsior  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  77 — Mt.  Chimborazo 
(type)  and  Pichincha,  Ecuador. 

Upucerthia  excelsior  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  94 — 
San  Rafael,  Chimborazo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  18,  1890 — 
Pichincha,  Panza,  Quito,  Sical,  Ecuadorb;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  490, 
1898 — Cayambe;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  1 8,  1899 — Paredones,  Paramos  of  Azuay,  Chaupi  (Illiniza),  Vallevicioso 
(Cotopaxi);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  59 — Pichincha,  Pedregal,  Coraz6n; 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  55,  1906 — 
Pichincha,  Tumbaco;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  Equat., 
9,  p.  B  38,  1911 — same  localities;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14, 
No.  25,  p.  68,  1922 — Pichincha,  below  Guamani,  west  of  Papallacta. 

Range :    Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador. 
3:     Ecuador  (Pichincha  3). 

*Upucerthia   excelsior   columbiana    Chapman0.     COLOMBIAN   STOUT- 
BILLED  EARTH- CREEPER. 

Upucerthia  excelsior  columbiana  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  31, 
p.  148,  1912 — Paramo  of  Santa  Isabel,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  401, 
1917 — Santa  Isabel. 

Range:    Temperate  Zone  of  the  Quindio  Andes   (Santa  Isabel), 
Colombia. 

2:    Colombia  (Santa  Isabel  2). 


Genus  ENICORNIS  Gray. 

Eremobius  (not  Eremobia  STEPHENS  1829)  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3, 
p.  69,  Nov.  1839 — type  by  monotypy  Eremobius  phoenicurus  GOULD. 

Enicornis  G.  R.  GRAY,  List  Genera  Birds,  p.  17,  1840 — new  name  for  Eremobius 
GOULD. 

Henicornis  AGASSIZ,  Nomencl.  Zool.  Index,  p.  178,  1846 — emendation. 

*Enicornis  phoenicurus  (Gould}.    RED-TAILED  ENICORNIS. 

Eremobius  phoenicurus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  69,  pi.  21,  Nov. 
1839 — Port  Desire,  San  Julian,  and  Santa  Cruz,  east  coast  of  Patagonia 

8  This  species  is  hardly  congeneric  with  U.  dumetaria  and  shows  affinities  to 
Cinclodes. 

b  The  bird  from  Tilotilo,  Yungas  of  Bolivia,  doubtless  belongs  to  some  other 
species  unless  the  locality  be  erroneous. 

0  Upucerthia  excelsior  columbiana  CHAPMAN:  Similar  to  U.  e.  excelsior,  but  slightly 
darker  above,  and  more  whitish  below,  with  the  brown  areas  of  a  deeper,  less  ful- 
vous tinge. 


52    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  examined),  and  "eastern  valleys  of  the  barren  Cor- 
dillera, near  Mendoza"  a. 

Upucerthia  phoenicura  DBS  MURS  in  Gay,  Hist.  fis.  pol.  Chile,  Zool.,  i,  p.  280, 
1847  (ex  GOULD). 

Henicornis  phoenicurus  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1878,  p.  395 — Chubut;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Argent.  Orn.,  i,  p.  173,  1888 — "Chile"  (errore),  and  Patagonia; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  291,  1910 — range;  REED,  Av. 
Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  31,  1916 — "Mendoza." 

Henicornis  phoenicura  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  26,  1890 — Santa  Cruz, 
Port  Desire,  San  Julian,  Chubut;  SALVADORI,  Ibis,  1908,  p.  451  (synon.,  range). 

Henicornis  wallisi  Scorrb,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  10,  p.  LXIII,  1900 — Arroyo  Eke 
(type)  and  Chubut,  Patagonia;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  291,  1910 — western  Patagonia. 

Eremobius  phoenicurus  wallisi  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  314,  1923 — 
Maquinchao,  Huanuluan,  Gob.  Rio  Negro  (crit.). 

Range:  Patagonia,  from  the  Gobernacion  del  Rio  Negro  south  to 
Santa  Cruz. 

i :    Argentina  (Maquinchao,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro  i). 

Genus  CHILIA  Salvador*. 

Chilia  SALVADORI,  Ibis  (9),  2,  p.  451,  1908 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Enicornis  melan- 
ura  GRAY. 

*Chilia  melanura  melanura  (G.  R.  Gray),    MOUNTAIN  Tococo. 

Enicornis  melanura  G.  R.  GRAY,  Genera  of  Birds,  i,  p.  133,  pi.  41,  1846 — no 
locality  given  (the  type  examined  in  the  Brit.  Mus.  is  from  Chile); 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMATR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  64,  1906 — 
Santiago,  Chile. 

Henicornis  Gouldi  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  24,  1859 — "Patagonia" 
(errore)  and  Chile  (synon.  part)  (type  examined  ;=juv.);  PELZELN,  Reise 
Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  59,  1865 — Chile. 

Henicornis  melanura  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  27,  1890 — Cordillera 
de  Santiago,  Chile. 

Chilia  melanura  SALVADORI,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  454  (synon.,  crit.). 

*  Only  seen,  no  specimens  obtained.  Its  occurrence  near  Mendoza,  thus,  requires 
confirmation. 

b  This  supposed  race  is  obviously  inseparable,  since  the  coloration  of  the  tail 
used  as  principal  character  for  its  discrimination  proves  to  be  exceedingly  variable. 
While  Darwin's  three  original  examples  from  the  Patagonian  east  coast  have  a  con- 
spicuous rufous  area  at  the  base  of  the  median  rectrices,  these  are  wholly  brown  in 
three  others  from  Santa  Cruz,  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  In  a 
small  series  from  Chubut  (Colhu6-Amapi)  at  Tring,  two  have  uniform  brown  middle 
tail  feathers,  while  a  third  specimen  has  the  inner  web  for  about  an  inch  rufous. 
On  the  other  hand,  all  the  birds  in  a  series  of  fifteen  from  western  Rio  Negro,  in  the 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Cambridge,  have  brown  median  rectrices. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  53 

Henicornis  (Chilia)  melanura  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  181,  1923 — 
Cordillera  of  Prov.  Aconcagua  (habits). 

Range:  Central  Chile,  in  provinces  of  Aconcagua,  Santiago  and 
Valparaiso. 

i :    Chile  (Lliu  Lliu,  above  Limache,  Prov.  Valparaiso  i). 

*Chilia   melanura   atacamae    subsp.    nov.a.      NORTHERN  MOUNTAIN 
Tococo. 

Ericornis  (sic)  melanura  (not  of  GRAY)  CASSIN  in  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp. 
South  Hemisph.,  2,  p.  188,  pi.  21,  fig.  i,  1855 — Chile. 

Range :    Northern  Chile,  in  Province  of  Atacama. 
4:    Chile  (Domeyko,  Prov.  Atacama  4). 

Genus  LIMNORNIS  Gould. 

Limnornis  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  80,  Nov.  1839 — type  by  subs, 
desig.  (Gray,  1840)  Limnornis  curvirostris  GOULD. 

Limnophyes  (not  of  EATON  1875)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1889,  p.  34 — type  by 
monotypy  Limnornis  curvirostris  GOULD. 

Thryolegus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1899,  p.  210 — new  name 
for  Limnophyes  SCLATER. 

*Limnornis  curvirostris  Gould.    CURVE-BILLED  REED-RUNNER. 

Limnornis  curvirostris  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  81,  pi.  25,  1839 — 
Maldonado,  Uruguay;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  141 — 
Conchitas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  BURMEISTER,  I.e.,  p.  636 — shore  of  Rio  de 
La  Plata  near  Buenos  Aires;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  182 — Prov.  Buenos 
Aires  (habits);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  191,  1888 — Argen- 
tina (habits);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  p.  299,  pi.  n,  fig.  9  (egg),  1902 — 
Buenos  Aires  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
1 6,  p.  215,  1909 — Punta  Lara,  Barracas  al  Sud,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

a  Chilia  melanura  atacamae  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Domeyko  (63  kilom.  south  of  Vallenar),  Atacama,  Chile,  in  Field 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  No.  54164.  Adult  male,  August  n,  1923.  C.  C.  San- 
born. 

Similar  to  C.  m.  melanura,  of  central  Chile,  but  differs  at  a  glance  by  its  very 
much  paler  coloration;  pileum  and  back  being  drab  (instead  of  deep  bister),  the 
former  slightly  more  grayish;  rump,  upper  and  under  tail-coverts,  base  of  rectrices 
and  wing-band  hazel  instead  of  chestnut ;  upper  wing-coverts  grayish  brown,  edged 
with  cinnamon  drab,  instead  of  dusky  brown,  edged  with  bister;  superciliaries  more 
purely  white  and  more  sharply  defined;  breast  light  grayish,  streaked  with  white, 
instead  of  plain  smoky  brownish  gray;  flanks  somewhat  paler  brown;  bill  decidedly 
slenderer  and  slightly  shorter.  Wing  80-85;  tail  77-84;  bill  22-23. 

This  strongly  marked  form  is  obviously  the  northern  representative  of  C.  melan- 
ura, hitherto  the  only  member  of  the  genus.  It  is  faithfully  depicted  in  the  report  on 
the  collections  of  the  U.  S.  Astronomical  Expedition  under  Lieut.  J.  M.  Gilliss. 


54    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Limnophyes  curvirostris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  76,  1890 — Maldon- 
ado,  Montevideo,  Uruguay;  Conchitas,  Belgrano,  Rio  Lujan,  Buenos  Aires. 

Limnophges  (sic)  curvirostris  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p. 
129,  1899 — Sao  Lourenco,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (spec,  examined). 

Thryolegus  curvirostris  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  236,  1907 — Las  Talas,  Prov. 
Buenos  Aires;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  300,  1910 — Prov. 
Buenos  Aires;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  392,  1916 — La  Plata;  TREMOLERAS,  El 
Hornero,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Uruguay;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  48,  1923 — 
Santa  Elena,  Prov.  Entrerios;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  167,  1923 — San  Isidro,  Prov. 
B.  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Minist.  Obr.  Publ.  (Buenos  Aires)  for  1922-23, 
p.  642,  1924 — Buenos  Aires,  Uruguay. 

Range :  Reed-beds  of  the  Rio  La  Plata  in  eastern  Argentina  (from 
Buenos  Aires  north  to  Entrerios)  and  Uruguay,  and  of  the  Lagoa  dos 
Patos  in  Province  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  southern  Brazil. 

2:    Argentina  (Barracas  al  Sud  i,  Quilmes  i). 

LIMNOCTITES  genus  nov.». 
Limnoctites  rectirostris  (Gould)0.    STRAIGHT-BILLED  REED-RUNNER. 

Limnornis  rectirostris  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  80,  pi.  26,  1839— 
Maldonado,  Uruguay;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  77,  1890 — Mal- 
donado  (spec,  examined). 

Range :    Reed-beds  of  the  La  Plata  River  near  Maldonado,  Uruguay. 

Subfamily  SYNALLAXINAE. 
Genus  SYLVIORTHORHYNCHUS  DesMurs. 

Sylviorthorhynchus  DESMURS  in  Gay,  Hist.  fis.  pol.  Chile,  Zool.,  I,  p.  315,  1847 — 
type  Sylviorthorhynchus  desmurii  DESMURS. 

Schizura  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  338,  1847 — new  name  for  Sylvior- 
thorhynchus DESMURS. 

Silviorthrorhynchus  BOECK,  Naumannia,  1855,  p.  501 — emendation. 

*  Limnoctites  genus  nov. 

Allied  to  Limnornis  GOULD,  but  wings  and  tarsi  very  much  shorter ;  rectrices  much 
narrower  and  pointed  at  the  tip,  instead  of  broadly  rounded,  with  the  inner  web 
distinctly  emarginate  subapically;  bill  much  more  slender  and  strongly  compressed 
laterally;  culmen  nearly  straight. 

Type:  Limnornis  rectirostris  GOULD. 

b  In  coloration,  this  species  bears  a  remarkable  likeness  to  Limnornis  curvirostris, 
yet  it  differs  by  the  large,  bright  cinnamon  rufous  patch  on  the  wing,  formed  by 
the  lesser,  median,  and  outer  webs  of  the  greater  upper  wing-coverts,  as  well  as  by 
the  much  less  distinct  superciliary  being  reduced  to  a  short  dingy  grayish  postocular 
streak.  The  upper  parts,  too,  appear  to  be  of  a  somewhat  lighter,  more  olivaceous 
hue.  Wing  (two  specimens)  59,  65;  tail  about  56;  tarsus  17;  bill  24,  25. 
I*  Darwin's  two  specimens  in  the  British  Museum  are  the  only  ones  in  existence. 
Although  the  tail  is  incomplete  in  both  of  the  types,  there  can  be  no  question  as  to 
this  bird  being  quite  distinct  from  Limnornis  curvirostris  found  in  the  same  region. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  55 

*Sylviorthorhynchus  desmurii  DesMurs.    DssMuRs's  SPINE-TAIL. 

Sylviorthorhynchus  desmurii  DssMuRS  in  Gay,  Hist.  fis.  pol.  Chile,  Zool., 
p.  316,  Orn.  pi.  3,  1847 — Prov.  Valdivia,  particularly  near  Corral,  Chile 
(type in  Paris  Museum  examined);  idem,  Iconog.  ornith.,  livr.  8,  p.  6,  1847 — 
Chile;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  65, 
1906 — Chile. 

Sylviorthorhynchus  malur aides  DssMuRS,  Iconog.  ornith.,  livr.  8,  pi.  45  [  =  46], 
1847;  idem,  in  Chenu,  Encycl.  Hist.  Nat.,  3,  p.  155,  1852 — Chile;  HARTLAUB, 
Naumannia,  3,  p.  211,  1853 — Valdivia  (crit.). 

Sylviorthorhynchus  desmursii  PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  59, 
1865— Chiloe  Id. 

Sylviorthorhynchus  desmursi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  324 — Chile; 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  31,  1890 — Chile,  Smythe's  Channel;  LANE, 
Ibis,  1897,  p.  39 — Rio  Bueno,  Prov.  Valdivia  (habits);  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904, 
p.  46 — Gray's  Harbor,  Messier  Channel;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i, 
p.  245,  1913 — western  Chubut,  and  southern  Neuquen. 

Silviorthrorhynchus  Desmurii  BOECK,  Naumannia,  5,  p.  501,  1855 — Valdivia. 

Range:  Southern  Chile,  from  Concepcion  down  to  the  Magellan 
Territory  (Gray's  Harbor,  Messier  Channel;  Smythe's  Channel)  and 
adjacent  portions  of  Argentina  (western  Chubut  and  southern  Neuquen) . 

16:  Chile  (Rio  Aysen  2;  Melinka,  Ascension  Id.,  Guaitecas  Ids.  i; 
Mafil,  Prov.  Valdivia  5;  Quellon,  Chiloe  Id.  2;  Curacautin,  Prov. 
Malleco  3;  Hacienda  Gualpencillo,  near  Concepcion  3.) 

Sylviorthorhynchus  fasciolatus  F.  Philippi*.    PHILIPPI'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Sylviorthorhynchus  fasciolatus  F.  PHILIPPI,  Bol.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  i,  No.  3,  p.  65, 
1909 — Valdivia,  Chile. 

Range:    Chile  (Valdivia). 

Genus  APHRASTURA  Oberholser. 

Oxyurus  (not  of  RAFINESQUE  1810)  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  No.  n,  p.  354, 
1827 — characters,  but  no  type  given;  idem,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  313,  July 
1837 — type  Oxyurus  australis  SWAINSON  =  Motacilla  spinicauda  GMELIN. 

Aphrastura  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1899,  p.  210 — type 
Motacilla  spinicauda  GMELIN. 

*  Sylviorthorhynchus  fasciolatus  F.  PHILIPPI  :  The  single  specimen  forming  the 
basis  of  this  supposed  species  is  described  as  being  similar  to  5.  desmurii,  but  with  the 
under  parts  paler,  more  buffy  whitish,  and  with  (twelve  or  more)  narrow,  blackish 
transverse  bands  on  the  outer  web  of  the  primaries.  I  am  rather  inclined  to  attribute 
these  characters  to  individual  variation,  for  I  can  hardly  believe  that  two  nearly 
allied  species  should  occur  together  near  Valdivia.  Not  one  of  our  sixteen  examples 
of  5.  desmurii  shows  the  slightest  trace  of  dark  bars  on  the  wing,  but  the  coloration 
of  the  lower  surface  varies  much  individually. 


$6    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Aphrastura  spinicauda  spinicauda  (Gmeliri).    THORN-TAILED  CREEPER. 

Motacilla  spinicauda  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  978,  1789 — based  on  Latham, 
Gen.  Syn.  Birds,  2  (2),  p.  463,  No.  71,  pi.  52,  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Synallaxis  tupinieri  LESSON,  Man.  d'Orn.,  i,  p.  281,  1828 — Prov.  Concepcion, 
Chile;  idem,  Voy.  Coquille,  Zool.,  i,  livr.  10,  p.  665,  pi.  29,  fig.  i,  1829. 

Oxyurus  australis  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  313,  July  1837 — based  on 
Latham,  pi.  52. 

Oxyurus  ornatus  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  324,  Dec.  1837 — Chile. 

Oxiurus  patagonicus  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  p.  135,  1842  (new  name  for  Sylvia 
spinicauda  LATHAM,  Ind.  Orn.,  2,  p.  518,  1790,  Tierra  del  Fuego). 

Motacilla  seticauda  FORSTER,  Descript.  Anim.,  p.  328,  1844 — Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Oxyurus  tupinieri  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  81,  1839 — Tierra  del 
Fuego  and  Chile  as  far  north  as  a  degree  south  of  Valparaiso. 

Synallaxis  spinicauda  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  n,  p.  112,  1843 — Chile;  DEsMuRS 
in  Gay,  Hist.  fis.  pol.  Chile,  Zool.,  I,  p.  292,  1847 — Chile. 

Oxyurus  spinicauda  HARTLAUB,  Naumannia,  3,  p.  211,  1853 — Valdivia;  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  324,  338 — Chile;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1868, 
p.  187 — Sandy  Point,  Str.  of  Magellan;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  433 — 
Port  Otway,  Puerto  Bueno,  Puerto  Churruca;  SHARPE,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  9 — Puerto 
Riofrio,  Trinidad  Channel,  Str.  of  Magellan;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus., 
12,  1889,  p.  132,  Feb.  1890 — Laredo  Bay,  Port  Otway,  Chile;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  30,  1890 — Santiago,  Chile;  Straits  of  Magellan;  Hermit 
Id.,  Tierra  del  Fuego;  OUSTALET,  Miss.  Scient.  Cap  Horn,  Zool.,  6,  p.  B  69, 
1891 — Orange  Bay,  Tierra  del  Fuegoa;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  38 — Maquegua, 
Prov.  Arauco;  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  707,  1898 — Seno  Almiran- 
tazgo,  Tierra  del  Fuego;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  45 — Churruca  Bay,  Str.  of 
Magellan;  CRAWSHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  78,  col.  pi.,  1907  —  Rio 
McClelland  Settlement. 

Oxyurus  spinicaudus  PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  59,  1865 — Chile; 
CABANIS  and  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Ornith.,  24,  p.  323,  1876 — Str.  of  Magellan; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  92,  1889 — "Mapiri"  (!). 

Aphrastura  spinicauda  SALVADORI,  Ann.  Mus.  Civ.  St.  Nat.  Genova,  (2)  20 
"1899,"  p.  617,  Dec.  1900 — Port  Cook,  Staten  Isl.,  Punta  Arenas;  ARRIBAL- 
ZAGA,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  164,  1902 — Lago  General  Paz,  Chubut; 
DABBENE,  I.e.,  p.  367,  1902 — Ushuaia,  Tierra  del  Fuego;  idem,  I.e.,  18,  p.  292, 
1910 — Tierra  del  Fuego,  Staten  Id.,  Lago  General  Paz,  Chubut;  HARTERT 
and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  209,  1909 — Ushuaia,  Tierra  del  Fuego; 
BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  144,  1920 — Nilahue',  Prov.  Curic6; 
idem,  1.  c.,  28,  p.  34,  1924 — Huelquen,  O'Higgins;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  315,  1923 — Lake  Nahuel  Huapi,  Rio  Negro. 

8  Topotypical  specimens  from  Tierra  del  Fuego  which  we  have  not  seen  are 
claimed  by  Oustalet  (I.e.)  to  differ  from  Chilean  birds  by  more  brownish  upper  parts 
and  less  rufous  rump  and  tail.  If  separable,  the  latter  would  have  to  be  called 
A.  spinicauda  tupinieri. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  57 

Range:  Chile,  from  Valparaiso  south  to  the  Straits  of  Magellan, 
Tierra  del  Fuego,  and  Staten  Id.,  and  western  parts  of  the  adjoining 
Argentine  provinces  of  Chubut  and  Rio  Negro*. 

20 :  Chile  (Melinka,  Ascension  Id.  i ;  Rio  Nireguao  3 ;  Mafil,  Prov. 
Valdivia  7;  Curacautin,  Prov.  Malleco  4;  Villa  Portales  3,  Rio  Lolen, 
Prov.  Cautin  i;  Pilen  Alto,  Prov.  Maule  i). 

*Aphrastura  spinicauda  fulva  Angelinib.    CHILOE  ISLAND  CREEPER. 
Aphrastura  fulva  ANGELINI,  Boll.  Soc.  Zool.  Ital.,  (2)  6,  p.  277,  1905 — Ancud, 
Chiloe  Id.,  Chile. 

Range:    Chiloe  Island,  Chile, 
ii :    Chiloe  Island  (Quellon  n). 

Aphrastura    masafuerae    (Philippi    and    Landbeck)0.      MASAFUERA 

ISLAND  CREEPER. 
Synallaxis  masafuerae  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  32  (i),  p.  127, 

1866 — Masafuera  Id.;  PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  36, 

pi.  13,  fig.  2,  1902 — Masafuera. 
Oxyurus  masafuerae  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  180,  pi.  7,  fig.  2 — Masafuera;  REED, 

I.e.,  1874,  p.  84 — Masafuera;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1875,  p.  370,  376 — Masafuera; 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  30,  1890 — Masafuera. 
Aphrastura  (Oxyurus)  masafuerae  LONNBERG  in  Skottsberg,  The  Nat.  Hist,  of 

Juan  Fernandez  and  Easter  Island,  3,  p.  4,  1921 — Masafuera. 

Range :     Masafuera  Island  off  Chile. 

Genus  PHLEOCRYPTES  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Phleocryptes  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  26,  Aug.  1859 — type  by  subs, 
desig.  (SCLATER,  1890)  Sylvia  melanops  VIEILLOT. 

"Phleocryptes  melanops  melanops   (Vieillot}.     BLACK-FACED  SPINE- 
TAIL. 
Sylvia  melanops  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  eel.,  u,  p.  232,  1817 — 

based  on  Azara  No.  232,  Paraguay. 

Synallaxis  dorsomaculata  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  21,  1837 — Buenos  Aires  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  237,  pi.  14,  fig.  i,  1839 — Barracas, 

a  There  is  no  reliable  record  from  the  Falkland  Islands. 

b  Aphrastura  spinicauda  fulva  ANGELINI:  Differs  from  A .  s.  spinicauda  by  having 
the  entire  under  parts,  including  cheeks  and  malar  region,  deep  ochraceous,  only  the 
upper  throat  sometimes  buffy  whitish.  Besides,  the  superciliary  stripe  is,  as  a  rule, 
deeper  ochraceous,  and  the  back  on  average  slightly  more  russet,  although  neither 
of  these  characters  is  absolutely  reliable.  This  strongly  marked  race  appears  to  be 
strictly  confined  to  Chiloe  Island.  A  single  adult  male  from  Ascension,  one  of  the 
Guaiteca  Islands,  is  in  every  respect  a  typical  example  of  the  white-bellied  A .  s.  spini- 
cauda. 

°  This  bird,  autoptically  unknown  to  the  author,  may  be  only  a  strongly  marked 
insular  race  of  A.  spinicauda. 


58    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

near  Buenos  Aires;  CASsmin  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astr.  Exp.,  2,  p.  188,  1855 — interior 
of  Chile;  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  250,  1860 — Mendoza;  GERMAIN, 
Proc.  Boston  Soc.  N.  H.,  7,  p.  310,  1861 — Santiago;  STERNBERG,  Journ.  Orn., 
17,  p.  267,  1869 — Buenos  Aires  (nesting  habits). 

Oxyurus  dorsomaculatus  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  82,  1839 — Maldonado; 
FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  u,  p.  112,  1843 — Chile. 

Synallaxis  melanops  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p  470,  1861  —  Mendoza; 
PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  59,  1865 — Chile;  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  140 — Conchitas,  Buenos  Aires. 

Synallaxis  (Phloeocryptes)  melanops  PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  91,  for  Dec. 
1895,  p.  669,  1896 — Chile;  idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  34,  pi.  15, 
fig.  2,  1902 — Chile  (descr.). 

Phleocryptes*  melanops  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  98 — Lima;  idem,  I.e., 
1867,  p.  324 — Chile;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  35 — Chuput  Valley;  idem,  I.e., 
1877,  p.  179 — Baradero,  Buenos  Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  396 — Chuput 
Valley;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  i,  p.  43,  1881 — Rio  Colorado,  Rio 
Negro,  Rio  Neuquen;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  434 — La  Plata,  Prov. 
Buenos  Aires;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  206,  1883 — Bahia  Blanca, 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  174,  1888 — 
Argentina  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  33,  1890 — Maldon- 
ado (Uruguay),  Punta  Lara,  Conchitas  (Buenos  Aires),  Chile,  Lima;  HOL- 
LAND, Ibis,  1891,  p.  16;  1892,  p.  201 — Est.  Espartillar,  near  Ranches,  Buenos 
Aires;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p.  383 — Callao, 
Peru  (crit.);  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  P-  l82 — Uruguay;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  12,  1895 — San  Pablo,  Tucuman;  SCHALOW, 
Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  706,  1898 — Lake  Llanquihufi,  Chile  (egg  descr.); 
IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul,  3,  p.  220,  1899 — Iguap£  (Sao  Paulo),  Sao  Lourenco 
(Rio  Grande  do  Sul)  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  242,  1900  (nest  and 
eggs  descr.);  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  128,  1899 — Sao 
Lourenco;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  189,  1902 — Malvinas  and 
mouth  of  Rio  Sali,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  52,  1905 — 
same  localities;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  66,  1906 — Buenos  Aires,  Chile,  Brazil;  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  229, 
1907  (range);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  292,  1910  (range  in 
Argentina);  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  127 — Tagana  de  Milan  and  Los  Ynglases, 
Aj6,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  52,  1914 — Puerto  Ber- 
toni,  Paraguay;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  391,  1916 — La  Plata;  REED,  Av.  Prov. 
Mendoza,  p.  31,  1916 — Tunuyan,  Mendoza;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  408 — 
Cape  San  Antonio,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (habits);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist. 
Nat.,  24,  p.  144,  1920 — Nilahue',  Prov.  Curic6;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2, 
p.  19,  1920 — Montevideo,  Canelones,  San  Jose",  Flores,  Maldonado,  Rocha, 
Uruguay;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  2,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  GIA- 
COMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  73,  1923 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  167,  1923 — 
Zelaya,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Phleocryptes  melanops  melanops  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  209, 
1909 — La  Plata  and  Barracas  al  Sud_(Buenos  Aires),  La  Soledad  (Entrerios); 

*  Variously  spelled  Phleocryptes,  Phloeocryptes,  and  Phlaeocryptes. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  59 

DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  167,  1918 — Isla  Martin  Garcia,  Buenos  Aires; 
PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  315,  1923 — Huanuluan,  Gob.  Rio 
Negro  (crit.);  MARELLI,  Mem.  Minist.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  639,  1924 — 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Synallaxis  montana  PHILIPPIC  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  91,  for  Dec.  1895,  p.  673, 
1896 — Chile;  idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  33,  pi.  15,  fig.  i, 
1902 — Chile. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Sao  Paulo  (Iguape")  and 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (Sao  Lourenco);  Paraguay;  Uruguay;  Argentina, 
from  Tucuman  and  the  Paraguayan  border  south  to  the  Chubut;  Chile 
(provinces  of  Santiago,  Curico,  Llanquihue);  littoral  of  Peru  (Callao, 
Lima,  Bequeta,  Dept.  Lima;  Trujillo,  Viru,  Dept.  Libertad)b. 

3:  Brazil  (Iguape",  Sao  Paulo  i);  Argentina  (Barracas  al  Sud, 
Buenos  Aires  2). 

*Phleocryptes  melanops  schoenobaenus   Cabanis  and   Heine*.     TITI- 

CACA  SPINE-TAIL. 
Phleocryptes  schoenobaenus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  26,  1859 — 

8  Synallaxis  montana  appears  to  have  been  based  on  worn  examples  lacking  the 
median  rectrices. 

b  Birds  from  Chile  are,  as  far  as  I  can  see,  similar  to  those  from  Argentina  and 
Brazil.  Specimens  from  the  Peruvian  littoral  (Callao,  Lima,  Trujillo)  are  also  iden- 
tical in  coloration,  but  average  smaller,  particularly  on  the  wing.  They  may  possi- 
bly be  separable  when  a  satisfactory  series  is  available. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Iguape^,  Sao  Paulo  2,  Sao  Lourenco,  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul  i.  Uruguay,  Montevideo  2.  Argentina,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  10,  Tunuyan,  Prov. 
Mendoza  3,  Huanuluan,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro  13  Chile:  Santiago  3,  unspecified  2. 
Peru:  Callao  i,  Bequeta,  Lima  i,  Trujillo,  Libertad  i. 

0  Phleocryptes  melanops  schoenobaenus  CABANIS  and  HEINE:  Differs  from  P.  m. 
melanops  by  larger  size,  conspicuously  longer  bill,  and  deep  buff  to  deep  Isabella 
color  under  parts,  passing  into  tawny  olive  brown  on  sides,  with  very  little  whitish 
suffusion  on  throat  and  middle  of  abdomen.  In  abraded  plumage,  when  the  tips  of 
the  feathers  are  worn  off,  the  under  parts  appear  nearly  as  whitish  as  in  the  typical 
race. 

This  little  known  form  requires  further  investigation.  Specimens  from  the  type 
locality,  when  compared  with  P.  m.  melanops,  are  much  larger  and  much  darker, 
almost  uniform  deep  buff  underneath.  Two  birds  from  Tarapaca,  Chile,  agree  in 
length  of  bill;  below,  they  are  even  darker,  more  of  an  isabella  color,  but  have  de- 
cidedly shorter  wings.  A  single  male  from  Lake  Junin  (Ingapirca),  while  resembling 
the  topotypes  in  coloration,  is  as  short  winged  as  the  Chilean  examples.  Finally, 
a  female  from  Vacas,  Bolivia  (Carnegie  Museum  No.  86099)  is  identical  with  the 
Junin  bird  except  for  its  much  shorter  bill  whose  length  corresponds  to  the  average 
of  typical  melanops. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  BILL 

Four  adult  males  from  Lake  Titicaca  64.5,65,67,67.5         17,17,17.5,19 

One  adult  male  from  Lake  Junin  61.5  16.75 

Two  adult  males  from  Chintaguai,  Tarapaca  59i6o  17.5 

One  adult  female  from  Vacas,  Bolivia  61  15 

This  form  evidently  replaces  P.  m.  melanops  in  the  high  Andes,  all  of  the  speci- 
mens having  been  taken  at  considerable  elevations. 


60    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Lake  Titicaca,  Peru  (type  in  Heine  Coll.  examined)  ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  34,  1890  —  same  locality. 

Phleocryptes  melanops  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  3, 
p.  354,  1875  —  Lake  Titicaca  (spec,  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1874,  P-  526  —  Lake  Junin;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  116,  1884  —  Junin;  BERLEPSCH 
and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  371  —  Ingapirca,  Lake  Junin  (spec. 
examined). 

Phloeocryptes  melanops  schoenobaenus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  128, 
1906  —  Puno,  Lake  Titicaca  (crit.). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Peru  (Lake  Junin,  Dept. 
Junin;  Lake  Titicaca,  Dept.  Puno),  northern  Chile  (Prov.  Tarapacd), 
and  Bolivia  (Vacas,  Dept.  Cochabamba). 

2:    Chile  (Chintaguai,  Quebrada  de  Quisma,  Prov.  Tarapaca  2). 

Genus  LEPTASTHENURA  Reichenbach. 

Leptasthenura  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Sittinae,  p.  160,  1853  —  type 
by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY,  1855,  p.  27)  Synallaxis  aegithaloides  KITTLITZ. 

*Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  aegithaloides  (Kittliiz).   TIT-LIKE  SPINE- 
TAIL. 


Synnalaxis  (sic)  Aegithaloides  KITTLITZ,  Me"m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Pe'tersb.,  (sav. 

i,  livr.  2,  p.  187,  pi.  7,  1830  —  on  the  hills  near  Valparaiso;  CHROSTOWSKI, 
Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  16,  1921  (type  in  Petrograd  Museum). 

Synallaxis  aegithaloides  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  79,  1839  —  part,  central 
Chile;  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  n,  p.  112,  1843  —  Chile;  BIBRA,  Denkschr. 
math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  5,  p.  129,  1853  —  near  Valparaiso;  PEL- 
ZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  V&gel,  p.  59,  1865  —  Chile. 

Synallaxis  aegythaloides  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  meYid.,  Ois.  p.  243,  1839  — 
part,  Valparaiso;  GERMAIN,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  310,  1861  — 
Chile  (habits);  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  29  (i),  p.  120,  1863  — 
Chile  (descr.). 

Synallaxis  Thelotii  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  p.  99,  1840  —  "I'Am^rique  me"ridio- 
nale." 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  324  —  Chile;  SALVIN, 
I.e.,  1883,  p.  424  —  Coquimbo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  35,  1890  — 
part,  spec.  1-q,  Coquimbo,  Santiago,  Chile;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  39  —  part, 
Hac.  Mansel,  Valparaiso;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  66,  1906  —  part,  spec,  a-c,  f,  i-m,  Coquimbo,  San  Alfonso, 
Quillota,  Chile;  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  145,  1920  —  Nilahue", 
Curic6. 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  aegithaloides  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  261,  1921  — 
part,  Coquimbo,  Valparaiso,  Quillota,  Concepcion,  Valdivia;  BARROS,  Rev. 
Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  182,  1923  —  Cord,  de  Aconcagua. 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  61 

Le ptasthenura  fuscescens  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  90,  1889 — "Falls 
of  the  Rio  Madeira,  Bolivia,  "  errore,  =  Valparaiso,  Chile  (type  examined); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  175,  1914  (crit.). 

Leptasthenura  (Synallaxis)  stenoptila  PHILIPPI",  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  91,  for  Dec. 
1895,  p.  673,  1896 — Andes  of  Prov.  of  Santiago;  idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  38,  pi.  18,  fig.  2,  1902 — same  locality. 

Range:  Central  Chile,  from  Coquimbo  to  about  45°  south- 
ern latitude. 

15:  Chile  (Romero,  Coquimbo  i,  Glume",  Valparaiso  2,  Hacienda 
Gualpencillo,  Concepcion  5,  Rio  Colorado,  Malleco  i,  Quellon,  Chiloe 
Isl.  2,  Rio  Nireguao  (s.  lat.  45°2o')  3,  unspecified  i). 

*Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  grisescens  subsp.  nov.b   PALE-CROWNED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  aegythaloides  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn. 
Av.  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  23,  1837 — part,  Cobija;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage 
Amer.  merid.,  Ois.,  p.  243,  1839 — part,  Cobija  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  985 — Islay,  Peru  (spec,  examined). 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  620 — 
p^art,  Cobija;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  35,  1890 — part,  spec,  s,  t, 
Islay;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  66, 
1906 — part,  spec,  d,  e,  Cobija. 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  aegithaloides  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  261, 
1921 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Cobija. 

Range:  Littoral  and  foothills  (up  to  about  4,000  ft.)  of  northern 
Chile  (south  to  Paiguano,  Prov.  Coquimbo)  and  southern  Peru 
(depts.  Arequipa  and  Moquegua). 

16:  Chile  (Chintaguai,  Quebrada  de  Quisma,  Tarapacd  i,  Gatico, 
Antofagasta  i,  Caldera,  Atacama  10,  Ramadilla,  Copiap6  valley  2, 
Domeyko,  Atacama  i,  Paiguano,  Coquimbo  i). 

•  This  supposed  species  appears  to  have  been  based  upon  an  example  in  exceed- 
ingly worn  plumage. 

b  Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  grisescens  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Gatico,  Prov.  Antofagasta,  Chile  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural 
History  No.  54162.  Adult  male,  April  10,  1924.  C.  C.  Sanborn. 

Nearest  to  L.  a.  aegithaloides,  but  much  paler  throughout;  crown  stripes 
broader  and  lighter,  cinnamomeous  rather  than  hazel;  back  grayish  brown  in- 
stead of  dark  sooty  brown,  with  the  rump  buffy  brown  rather  than  wood  brown; 
edges  to  wing-coverts  and  quills  much  paler  cinnamon  rufous;  breast  and 
abdomen  much  paler  grayish,  with  the  flanks  buff  instead  of  fulvous  buff. 
Wing  54-62;  tail  86-95;  bill  8.5-9.5. 

While  birds  from  Atacama  are  precisely  similar  to  those  from  Antofagasta  and 
Tarapacd,  a  single  adult  from  Paiguano,  Coquimbo,  by  the  coloration  of  the  under 
parts,  forms  the  transition  to  L.  a.  aegithaloides.  Twenty  specimens  examined. 


62    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  berlepschi  Hartert*.    BERLEPSCH'S  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  berlepschi  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  210,  1909 — 
Augusto  Pericheli  (type),  Tilcara,  Jujuy;  Cachi,  Salta;  Lara,  Tucuman 
(spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  28,  p.  261,  1921 — La  Paz,  Sajama,  Bolivia, 
Jujuy  (crit.). 

Synallaxis  aegythaloides  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn. 
Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  23,  1837 — part,  Bolivia;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage 
Amer.  meiid.,  Ois.  p.  243,  1839 — part,  La  Paz  (spec,  examined);  PHILIPPI, 
Ornis,  4,  p.  158,  1888 — Antofagasta. 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  620 — 
part,  La  Paz;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1886,  p.  398 — Huasco,  Tarapaca;  idem,  I.e., 
1891,  p.  135 — Sacaya,  Tarapaca;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  39 — part,  Sacaya, 
Tarapaca;  LONNBERG,  I.e.,  1903,  p.  450 — Moreno,  Jujuy;  LILLO,  Apunt. 
Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  24,  1909 — Tucuman;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m. 
Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  66,  1906 — part,  spec,  n,  o,  La  Paz,  Bolivia; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  293,  1910 — part,  Moreno,  Jujuy. 

Leptasthenura  platensis  (not  of  REICHENBACH)  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  222,  1904 — 
Lara,  Tucuman  (spec,  examined). 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  aegithaloides  (errore)  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom. 
Paris,  (10)  i,  p.  216,  1909 — Pulacayo,  Bolivia. 

Range :  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  in  Bolivia  (depts.  of  Oruro  and 
La  Paz),  Argentina  (provinces  of  Jujuy,  Salta,  and  Tucuman)  and  north- 
ern Chile  (provinces  of  Antofagasta,  Tarapaca,  and  Tacna),  at  altitudes  of 
from  7,000  to  15,000  ft. 

5:  Argentina  (Maimara,  Jujuy  i);  Chile  (Rio  Loa,  Antofagasta  2, 
Ojo  de  San  Pedro,  Antofagasta  i,  Choquelimpie,  Tacna  i). 

*Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  pallida  Dabbeneb.    PALLID  SPINE-TAIL. 
Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  pallida  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  135,  Dec.  1920 — 

•  Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  berlepschi  HARTERT:  Resembles  L.  a.  grisescens  in 
light  crown,  but  is  immediately  recognizable  by  its  much  more  buffy  coloration,  the 
back  being  sandy  brown,  the  edges  to  the  wing-coverts  and  secondaries  more  of  a 
sandy  rufous,  the  under  parts  (posterior  to  foreneck)  decidedly  buff,  the  markings 
on  the  rectrices  buffy  rather  than  grayish,  etc.  Wing  60-71 ;  tail  88-102 ;  bill  8.5-9.5. 

Bolivian  birds  average  somewhat  larger,  but  do  not  differ  otherwise. 

Twenty-seven  specimens  from  Jujuy  (3),  Tucuman  (2),  Bolivia  (13),  and  Chile  (9) 
examined. 

b  Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  pallida  DABBENE:  Most  nearly  related  to  L.  a.  ber- 
lepschi, but  much  paler  throughout ;  the  crown  stripes  isabella  color  (instead  of  cin- 
namomeous) ;  the  back  light  ashy  or  grayish  brown  (instead  of  sandy  brown)  with 
much  less  buffy  suffusion  on  the  rump ;  the  edges  to  the  secondaries  and  upper  wing- 
coverts  grayish  buff  rather  than  sandy;  under  parts  paler,  more  of  a  grayish  buff. 
Wing  (twenty  specimens)  59-66;  tail  94-107;  bill  9. 

Specimens  from  Mendoza,  San  Juan,  Rio  Negro,  Huanuluan,  Chubut  and 
Santa  Cruz  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  63 

Puesto  Burro,  Maiten,  Chubut;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  261,  262,  1921 
— Patagonia;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  315,  1923 — San  Antonio; 
Huanuluan,  Bariloche,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro;  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3, 
P-  73,  1923— Rioja. 

Synallaxis  aegythaloides  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn. 
Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  23,  1837 — part,  Patagonia;  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage  Am6r.  meYid.,  Ois.,  p.  243,  1839 — part,  Rio  Negro,  Patagonia. 

Synallaxis  aegithaloides  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  79,  1839 — part,  Patagonia; 
HUDSON,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872,  p.  544 — Rio  Negro;  C.  BURMEISTER,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  3,  p.  317,  1890 — Rio  Chico  del  Chubut. 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872,  p.  548 — Rio  Negro; 
DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1878,  p.  396 — eastern  Chubut;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp. 
Rio  Negro,  i,  Zool.,  p.  43,  1881 — four  leagues  s.  w.  of  Nueva  Roma,  Rio 
Colorado,  Rio  Negro;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  177,  1888 — 
part,  Patagonia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  35,  1890 — part,  spec, 
g-k,  Chubut,  Rio  Negro,  Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La 
Plata,  6,  p.  282,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja;  GOSSE  in  Fitzgerald,  The  High- 
est Andes,  p.  346,  1899 — Inca  to  Vacas,  Mendoza;  MENEGAUX  and  HELL- 
MAYR, Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  66,  1906 — part,  spec,  g,  h,  Pata- 
gonia; ARRIBALZAGA,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  164,  1902 — Lago  Gen- 
eral Paz,  Chubut;  DABBENE,  I.e.,  18,  p.  293,  1910 — part,  Chubut,  La  Rioja, 
Mendoza;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  I,  p.  150,  1918 — Precordillera  of  Mendoza. 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  berlepschi  (not  of  HARTERT)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  41,  p.  327,  1919 — prov.  San  Juan,  Mendoza,  Santa  Cruz. 

Range :  Western  and  southern  Argentina,  from  La  Rioja,  San  Juan, 
San  Luis,  and  Mendozat  hrough  Patagonia  south  to  Santa  Cruz,  ranging 
in  the  east  as  far  north  as  Nueva  Roma,  in  southwestern  section  of 
Province  of  Buenos  Aires. 

2:    Argentina  (Huanuluan,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro  2). 

Leptasthenura  platensis  Reichenbach*.    CRESTED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Leptasthenura  platensis  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Sittinae,  p.  160,  Aug. 
1853— Rio  de  la  Plata  (type  examined) ;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  33,  p.  1 19, 
1887 — Parana,  Cordoba;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  190,  1902 — 
Rio  Sali,  Prov.  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  p.  52, 

*  Leptasthenura  platensis  REICHENBACH:  Immediately  recognizable  from  L.  a. 
aegithaloides  and  allies  by  pale  cinnamon  (instead  of  grayish)  apical  portion  of  the 
lateral  rectrices ;  lighter  alar  speculum ;  almost  whitish  edges  to  the  outer  primaries ; 
heavily  spotted  throat;  by  lacking  the  white  spots  on  hind  neck  and  sides  of  neck; 
by  having  only  the  forehead  streaked  with  pale  cinnamon,  the  feathers  of  the  pileum 
being  plain  dark  smoke  brown  and  conspicuously  elongated  so  as  to  form  a  distinct 
pointed  crest.  Wing  56-60;  tail  91-96;  bill  8-9. 

Birds  from  Tucuman  (punctigula  CHAPMAN)  are  identical  with  others  from  Entre- 
rios  and  Buenos  Aires  (Pacheco).  Fifteen  specimens  (Cordoba  5,  Entrerios  3,  Prov. 
Buenos  Aires  2,  Uruguay  i,  La  Plata  i,  Rio  Sali,  Sarmiento,  Prov.  Tucuman  3) 
examined. 


64    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1905 — same  locality;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  67,  1906 — Cordoba  (crit.);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
16,  p.  209,  1909 — Cosquin  (Cordoba),  La  Soledad  (Entrerios),  [Rio  Sali, 
Prov.]  Tucuman,  Pacheco  (Buenos  Aires)  (spec,  examined) ;  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  292,  430,  1910 — part,  Cordoba,  Tucuman,  Santa 
F£,  Buenos  Aires,  Entrerios;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  128 — Los  Ynglases,  Aj6 
distr.,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  19,  1920 — Durazno, 
Flores,  Uruguay;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  73,  1923 — Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  167 
— Moreno,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  (Buenos 
Aires)  for  1922-23,  p.  639,  1924 — Buenos  Aires,  Entrerios,  Uruguay. 

Synallaxis  platensis  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Cienc.  Cordoba, 
10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Synallaxis  albescens  (errore)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  140 — 
Conchitas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Synallaxis  aegithaloides  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  250, 
1860 — Parand  and  (?)  Mendoza;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  469,  1861 — 
same  localities;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  632 — Conchitas; 
HUDSON,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  113 — Buenos  Aires. 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  180 — 
Belgrano,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  6n — City  of 
Catamarca;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.,  Cl.,  8,  p.  206,  1883 — Concepcion, 
Entrerios  (habits,  nest  and  eggs  descr.)a;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  30 — Cape 
San  Antonio,  B.  Aires;  idem,  1.  c.,  1885,  p.  280 — Paysandu,  Uruguay;  SCLATER 
and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p  .177,  1888 — part;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  425, 
426;  1892,  p.  201 — Est.  Espartillar,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894, 
p.  182 — Santa  Elena,  Dept.  Soriano,  Uruguay;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  P-  35.  *890 — part,  spec,  a-f,  Paysandu  (Uruguay),  Conchitas,  Parana, 
Cosquin  (Cordoba);  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  410 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Prov. 
Buenos  Aires  (habits). 

Leptasthenura  punctigula  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  41,  p.  327,  Sept. 
1919 — Sarmiento,  Prov.  Tucumdn  (type);  Lavalle,  Santiago  del  Estero 
(type  examined). 

Range:  Uruguay  and  central  provinces  of  Argentina  (Entrerios, 
Buenos  Aires,  Santa  Fe",  Santiago  del  Estero),  west  to  Cordoba,  Cata- 
marca, Rioja,  and  Tucumdnb. 

Leptasthenura  andicola  peruviana   Chapman0.     PERUVIAN  FLAMMU- 
LATED  SPINE-TAIL. 

»  See  ALLEN,  Auk,  6,  p.  269,  1889  (crit.).  Specimens  examined. 

b  It  remains  to  be  ascertained  whether  the  birds  observed  by  Burmeister  (I.e.) 
and  reported  by  Reed  (Aves  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  31,  No.  126,  1916)  to  be  common 
in  the  precordillera  of  Mendoza  pertain  to  L.  platensis  or  L.  aegithaloides  pallida 
DABBENE.  So  far,  I  have  not  seen  the  first  named  species  from  any  locality  farther 
west  than  Cordoba  (Cosquin)  and  Tucuman  (Rio  Sali). 

0  Leptasthenura  andicola  peruviana  CHAPMAN:  Similar  to  L.  andicola  andicola,  of 
Ecuador,  but  crown  much  paler,  light  cinnamon  rufous  instead  of  dark  hazel,  with 
the  black  margins  much  narrower;  auriculars  paler  and  hardly  streaked  with  dusky; 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  65 

Leptasthenura  andicola  peruviana  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  41,  p.  327, 
Sept.  1919 — La  Raya,  head  of  Urubamba  Valley,  Dept.  Puno,  Peru  (type 
examined);  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  82,  1921 — same  locality. 

Leptasthenura  andicola  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  527 — Junin;  idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  118,  1884 — foot  of  Mt.  Ninarupa,  Junin. 

Range :  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Junin 
(Ninarupa)  and  Puno  (La  Raya). 

*Leptasthenura  andicola  andicola  Sclater.    FLAMMULATED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Leptasthenura  andicola  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  636,  pi.  49,  fig.  2 — 
Panza,  s.  slope  of  Chimborazo  (type),  "Loxa,"  Ecuador  (type  in  Brit.  Mus. 
examined);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  36,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Panza, 
Sical,  Ecuador;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  75,  1889 — Antisana, 
Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  94 — Chim- 
borazo, San  Rafael;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  19,  1899 — Chuquipoquio,  Chimborazo;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  59 — 
Volcan  de  Pichincha,  Mojanda  Pass  (spec,  examined);  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  402,  1917 — Paramo  de  Sta.  Isabel,  above  Cartago, 
Colombia;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  68, 
1922 — Pichincha,  n, — 14,000  ft. 

Leptasthenura  andicola  andicola  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  333,  1906 — part, 
Andes  of  Ecuador. 

Synallaxis  flammulata  (errore)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  76,  1859 — Panza. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador  and  Central 
Andes  of  Colombia  (Paramo  de  Santa  Isabel,  above  Cartago;  Paramo 
de  Ruiz,  Tolima)". 

5:    Ecuador  (Pichincha  5). 
Leptasthenura  andicola  extima  Toddb.    SANTA  MARTA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Leptasthenura  andicola  extima  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  29,  p.  97,  1916 — Par- 
amo de  "Macotama"  (  =  Chiruqua),  Sta.  Marta  Mts.;  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  284,  1922 — Paramo  de  Chiruqua  (crit.). 

upper  wing-coverts  conspicuously  margined  with  pale  cinnamomeous;  tertials  more 
broadly  edged  with  buff.   Wing  (female)  74;  tail  98;  bill  10.5. 

This  bird,  of  which  I  have  seen  only  the  type,  agrees  with  L.  a,  andicola  in  all 
essential  points,  being  apparently  its  southern  representative.  Judging  from 
description  and  measurements,  the  specimens  from  Ninarupa,  mentioned  by  Taczan- 
owski,  are  referable  to  L.  a.  peruviana  and  not  to  L.  striata  cajabambae  CHAPMAN. 

a  Sixteen  specimens,  including  the  type,  examined.  A  single  female  from  Paramo 
de  Ruiz,  Tolima,  Colombia  (Carnegie  Museum  No.  70697)  agrees  in  all  essential 
points  with  Ecuadorian  examples,  except  that  the  rufous  stripes  of  the  pileum  are 
slightly  darker. 

b  Leptasthenura  andicola  extima  TODD:  Nearest  to  L.  a.  andicola,  but  decidedly 
smaller;  larger  upper  wing-coverts  and  tertials  conspicuously  edged  with  bright  cin- 
namon brown  instead  of  being  narrowly  fringed  with  dull  rufescent  brown;  basal 
portion  of  2nd  to  7th  primary  extensively  cinnamon  rufous,  forming  a  large  alar 
speculum;  crown  stripes  somewhat  lighter;  dorsal  streaks  broader  and  more  whitish; 


66    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Leptasthenura  andicola  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  170 — 
Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta  (spec,  examined) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
!5.  P-  36,  1890 — part,  spec,  e-j,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  159,  1900 — same  locality. 

Leptasthenura  andicola  andicola  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  333,  1906 — part, 
Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  Santa  Marta  Mountains  in  northern 
Colombia. 

Leptasthenura  andicola  exterior  Todd*.     BOYACA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Leptasthenura  andicola  exterior  TODD,  Proc.   Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  115,  July 

1919 — Lagunillas,  State  of  Boyaca,  Colombia- 
Range:    Temperate  Zone  of  Eastern  Andes  in  State  of  Boyaca, 
Colombia. 

*Leptasthenura  andicola  certhia  (Madardsz)b.    MERIDA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  certhia  MADARASZ,  Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.,  i,  p.  463,  1903 — San  Anto- 
nio, Andes  of  MeYida  (type  in  Hungarian  National  Museum,  Budapest 
examined). 

Leptasthenura  montivagans  RILEY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  219,  1905 — 
San  Antonio,  Andes  of  M&ida. 

Leptasthenura  andicola  certhia  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  333,  1906 — Andes 
of  MeYida  (synon.). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  western  Venezuela,  in 
states  of  MeYida  and  Trujillo. 

6:  Venezuela  (Milla  i,  Tambor  i,  Conejos  i,  Nevados  i,  Culata  i, 
Sierra  Nevada  i). 

superciliaries  narrower  and  more  buffy;  throat  more  spotted  with  black;  belly  much 
more  buffy  brown.  Wing  64-68  (against  68-74  m  L.  a.  andicola);  tail  93-99;  bill 
10-10.5. 

Eight  specimens  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta  (5)  and  Paramo  de 
Chiruqua  (3)  examined. 

•  Leptasthenura  andicola  exterior  TODD:  Agrees  with  L.  a.  extima  in  the  bright 
cinnamon  brown  edges  to  upper  wing-coverts  and  tertials,  and  in  the  possession  of 
the  large  cinnamon  rufous  alar  speculum,  but  differs  at  a  glance  by  the  much  brighter 
amber  brown  crown  being  but  narrowly  streaked  with  black;  besides,  the  dorsal 
streaks  are  somewhat  broader,  the  throat  more  purely  white  and  the  belly  less 
brownish.  Wing  60-67;  tail  90-99;  bill  9-10. 

Twenty-one  specimens  from  the  type  locality  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  examined. 

b  Leptasthenura  andicola  certhia  (MADARASZ)  :  Agreeing  in  size  with  L.  o.  extima, 
but  without  any  trace  of  the  cinnamon  rufous  alar  speculum;  larger  wing-coverts 
but  obsoletely  fringed  with  dull  brown;  crown  stripes  much  paler  cinnamomeous ; 
dorsal  streaks,  superciliaries,  throat  and  chest  pure  white  instead  of  buffy;  abdo- 
men grayish,  not  buffy  brown.  Wing  62-67;  tail  90-98;  bill  10-10.5. 

Twenty-seven  specimens  from  the  Andes  of  MeYida,  and  five  from  T6ta  de 
Niquitao,  Trujillo  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  67 

*Leptasthenura  striata  striata  (Philippi  and  Landbeck)*.     STREAKED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synattaxis  striata  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  29  (i),  p.  119,  1863 — 
Cordillera  of  Arica,  "Peru"  =Prov.  Tacna,  Chile. 

Leptasthenura  striata  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  121,  1884  (ex  PHILIPPI  and 
LANDBECK). 

Leptasthenura  striata  striata  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  18,  p.  8,  9,  10,  1921 — 
Iquique  (Chile),  Lima  (Peru). 

Leptasthenura  aegithaloides  (not  of  Kittlitz)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  35,  1890 — part  (spec,  r,  Iquique,  examined). 

Range:  Andes  of  northern  Chile,  in  provinces  of  Tarapaca  and 
Tacna,  and  western  Peru  (Lima)b. 

7:  Chile  (Chintaguai,  Prov.  Tarapaca  2;  Putre,  Prov. 
Tacna  5). 

*Leptasthenura  striata  cajabambae  Chapman0.    PERUVIAN  STREAKED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Leptasthenura  striata  cajabambae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  18,  p.  9,  Sept. 
1921— Cajabamba,  Peru  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Leptasthenura  pileata  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  14,  1895 — 
Cajamarca,  Cajabamba,  Huamachuco,  Peru  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  Peru  in  depts.  Cajamarca  (Cajamarca, 
Cajabamba),  Libertad  (Huamachuco),  Ancachs,  Huanuco,  and  Junin. 

4:    Peru  (La  Quinua  2,  Huanuco  Mts.  i,  Cullcui,  Maranon  valley  i). 

*  Leptasthenura  striata  striata  (PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  :  This  distinct  species, 
while  bearing  a  superficial  resemblance  to  L.  a.  andicola,  differs,  nevertheless,  very 
conspicuously  by  lacking  the  broad  white  superciliary  stripe,  by  much  paler,  light 
cinnamon  crown  streaks  (more  like  L.  andicola  certhia);  sandy  brown  (instead  of 
deep  sepia  brown)  ground  color  of  upper  parts,  with  the  buff  (instead  of  pure  white) 
dorsal  stripes  becoming  obsolete  on  rump;  wide  sandy  buff  edges  to  wing-coverts 
and  remiges;  bright  cinnamon  rufous  alar  speculum;  buffish  outer  webs  of  lateral 
rectrices;  dingy  grayish  and  almost  unstreaked  posterior  under  parts;  yellow  base 
to  lower  mandible,  etc.  Wing  63-67;  tail  91-98;  bill  9.5-1 1.  Ten  specimens  examined. 

b  An  adult  male  from  "Lima"  (Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  165870)  secured  by 
R.  H.  Beck  on  May  30,  1913,  except  for  its  shorter  wings  (61.5),  agrees  with  our,  series 
of  topotypes.  The  locality  "Iquique,"  assigned  to  a  skin  in  the  British  Museum,  is 
probably  inaccurate. 

0  Leptasthenura  striata  cajabambae  CHAPMAN:  Differs  from  L.  s.  striata  in  much 
deeper  cinnamon  rufous  crown;  more  whitish  (less  buff)  dorsal  stripes;  grayish  rather 
than  sandy  edges  to  upper  wing-coverts  and  tertials;  much  narrower  and  paler  cin- 
namomeous  band  across  base  of  quills;  more  abruptly  defined  and  purer  grayish 
apical  portion  of  three  lateral  rectrices;  larger  blackish  spots  on  throat  and  fore- 
neck;  finally  somewhat  darker  grayish  abdomen.  Wing  (ten  specimens)  61-65; 
tail  96-104;  bill  9-10.5. 

Besides  our  own  material,  I  have  examined  two  males,  one  female  from  Huama- 
chuco, two  males  from  Cajamarca,  and  one  from  Cajabamba. 


68    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Leptasthenura  pileata  Sclater*.     NATION'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Leptaslhenura  pileata  SCLATER,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1881,  p.  487 — West  side 
of  Coast  Cordillera  above  Lima,  8,000  ft.  alt.,  Peru  (type  in  British  Museum 
examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  119,  1884 — Obrajillo  and  Andes  of 
Lima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  36,  1890 — Andes  of  Lima. 

Range:  Western  Peru,  Dept.  Lima  (coast  range  above  Lima;  Obra- 
jillo, near  Canta). 

Leptasthenura  xenothorax  Chapman*.    CHAPMAN'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Leptasthenura  xenothorax  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  18,  p.  8,  1921 — Toron- 
toy,  Urubamba  Valley,  Peru  (type  examined). 

Leptasthenura  pileata  (not  of  SCLATER)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117, 
p.  82,  1921 — Torontoy. 

Range:  Southern  Peru  in  Dept.  of  Cuzco  (Torontoy,  Urubamba 
region). 

Leptasthenura  striolata  (Pelzebi)".    PELZELN'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  striolata  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturwiss.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
20,  No.  n,  p.  159,  March  1856 — Curytiba,  Parani  (type  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  38,  1868 — Curytiba. 

Leptasthenura  striolata  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  333,  1906 — Curytiba; 
(crit.);  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  230,  1907— Curytiba. 

•  Leptasthenura  pileata  SCLATER:  Not  unlike  L.  s.  cajabambae,  but  crown  plain 
cinnamon  rufous,  without  trace  of  blackish  stripes;  margins  to  upper  wing-coverts 
and  tertials  sandy  instead  of  grayish ;  back  slightly  more  brownish,  though  similarly 
marked;  breast  darker  grayish  and  more  distinctly  streaked  with  whitish;  bill 
slenderer,  with  almost  the  whole  of  the  lower  mandible  yellow.  Wing  (female)  58; 
tail  95 ;  bill  10. 

The  type  in  the  British  Museum  is  the  only  specimen  I  have  seen.  It  appears 
to  be  specifically  distinct  from  L.  s.  striata,  which  is  likewise  found  in  the  Lima  dis- 
trict. More  material  is  urgently  desired  for  elucidating  the  relationship  of  L.  pileata 
to  its  allies. 

b  Leptasthenura  xenothorax  CHAPMAN:  A  very  distinct  species,  like  L.  pileata  with 
plain  (unstreaked)  hazel  rufous  crown,  but  immediately  recognizable  by  the  broad 
buffy  white  superciliary  stripe,  the  exceedingly  well  pronounced  black  lateral  mar- 
gins of  the  throat  feathers,  and  the  uniform  smoke  gray  under  parts.  Yellow  base 
to  lower  mandible  more  restricted  than  in  L.  pileata  and  L.  striata.  Wing  (male)  67 ; 
tail  (not  measurable,  the  elongated  central  pair  of  rectrices  being  missing  in  the 
type) ;  bill  9.  Though  known  only  from  a  single  adult  male,  this  is  obviously  an  ex- 
cellent form,  most  nearly  related  to  L.  pileata,  as  correctly  stated  by  its  describer. 

0 Leptasthenura  striolata  (PELZELN):  Crown  hazel,  streaked  with  blackish;  back 
much  paler  and  duller  russet  brown,  with  numerous  blackish  brown  longitudinal 
stripes,  only  the  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  being  unstreaked ;  wing-coverts  dusky, 
the  lesser  and  median  series  indistinctly  edged  with  russet,  the  greater  series  with 
more  conspicuous  brownish  white  margins ;  remiges  dusky,  exteriorly  edged  with  pale 
rufescent;  median  rectrices  entirely  dark  brown,  the  others  dark  brown  with  pale 
rufous  tips;  the  two  lateral  pairs  almost  entirely  rufous,  with  the  basal  half  of  the 
inner  web  only  dusky  brown;  narrow  superciliary  streak  buffy;  cheeks  and  auriculars 
dark  brown;  sides  of  neck  pale  sandy  brownish,  with  faint  dusky  mottlings;  under 
parts  pale  buff,  throat  slightly  dotted  with  brownish;  flanks  washed  with  light  brown- 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  69 

Range:    Southeastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Parana  (Curytiba)a. 

Leptasthenura  fuliginiceps  fuliginiceps    (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny). 
CHESTNUT-CAPPED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  fuliginiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  23,  1837 — Sicasica,  Dept.  La  Paz,  Bolivia  (types  in  Paris  Museum 
examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  242,  pi.  17,  fig.  i, 
1839 — Enquisivi  (Sicasica),  Valle  Grande  (Santa  Cruz). 

Leptasthenura  fuliginiceps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  620 — 
Enquisivi,  Sicasica,  Valle  Grande,  Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  37,  1890 — part,  spec,  e-g,  Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  MENEGAUX  and 
HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  67,  1906 — Sicasica,  Valle 
Grande,  Bolivia. 

Leptasthenura  fuliginiceps  fuliginiceps  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  260,  1921 — 
Sicasica,  Valle  Grande,  Tilotilo,  Bolivia  (crit.,  meas.). 

Leptasthenura  fuliginiceps  boliviana  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  91, 
1889 — northern  Bolivia. 

Range :  Andes  of  Bolivia,  in  depts.  of  La  Paz  (Tilotilo,  Sicasica)  and 
Santa  Cruz  (Valle  Grande). 

*Leptasthenura  fuliginiceps  paranensis  Sclaterb.    SOUTHERN  CHESTNUT- 
CAPPED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Leptasthenura  paranensis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  Nov.  1861,  p.  377 — "in  rep. 
Argentina  (BURMEISTER)"  (the  type  examined  in  the  British  Museum  is  said 
to  have  been  obtained,  in  Sept.  1857,  at  Parana,  Prov.  Entrerios;  locality 
no  doubt  erroneous,  we  substitute  Mendoza,  Argentina). 

Leptasthenura  fuliginiceps  paranensis  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, 
p.  209,  1909 — Catamarca,  Quebrada  Escoipe,  Prov.  Salta;  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  18,  p.  293,  1910 — prov.  Tucuman,  Salta,  Cata- 
marca, and  Cordoba;  "Entrerios"  (ex  BURMEISTER);  REED,  Aves  Prov. 

ish;  axillars,  under  wing-coverts,  and  inner  margin  of  remiges  fawn  color;  bill  horn 
brown,  base  of  lower  mandible  yellowish  white.   Wing  54;  tail  90;  bill  10. 

This  species  of  which  I  have  seen  only  the  type  specimen,  an  adult  male,  taken  by 
J.  Natterer,  October  8,  1820,  at  Curytiba,  while  perhaps  nearest  to  the  L.  striata 
group,  is  quite  distinct. 

a  The  late  T.  Chrostowski,  in  one  of  his  last  letters  to  me,  announced  the  re- 
discovery of  this  long  lost  species  in  the  State  of  Parana,  not  far  from  the  type 
locality. 

b  Leptasthenura  fuliginiceps  paranensis  SCLATER:  Similar  to  L.  f.  fuliginiceps, 
but  under  parts  much  paler,  buffy  gray  instead  of  fulvescent  or  isabella  color,  with 
the  flanks  and  crissum  only  passing  into  light  brownish  buff;  back  and  rump  duller, 
less  brownish. 

Nine  specimens  (Sierra  de  Totoral,  Catamarca  2,  Norco,  Tucuman  3,  Mendoza  i, 
"Parana"  3,  including  the  type)  compared  with  six  L.  /.  fuliginiceps  from  Bolivia, 
including  the  types.  No  material  from  Salta  seen. 


70    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mendoza,  p.  31,  1916 — Blanco  Encalada,  Mendoza;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  I, 
p.  150,  1918 — Chacras  Coria,  Mendoza;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  260, 
1921 — "Parana  (Entrerios)",  Sierra  de  Totoral  (Catamarca),  Mendoza, 
Norco  (Tucuman)  (crit.);  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  73,  1923 — Saladillo, 
Sierra  de  Rioja. 

Synallaxis  fuliginiceps  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  BURMEISTER, 
Journ.  Om.,  8,  p.  250,  1860 — "bei  Parand,  "errore!;  idem  Reise,  La  Plata 
St.,  2,  p.  469,  1861 — same  locality;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac. 
Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Leptasthenura  fuliginiceps  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  61 1 — Sierra  de  Totoral, 
Catamarca;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Argent.  Orn.,  i,  p.  177,  1888 — Catamarca 
and  "Parand"  (ex  BURMEISTER);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  37, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a-d,  "Parana,"  Mendoza,  Sierra  de  Totoral,  Catamarca; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  17,  1897 — Tala,  Salta; 
BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  254,  1904 — Valle  del  Lerma,  Salta;  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  190,  1902 — Tafi  Viejo,  San  Pablo,  Prov. 
Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  52,  1905 — same  localities. 

Range :     Mountainous  districts  of  western  Argentina,  in  provinces  of 
Jujuy,  Salta,  Tucumdn,  Catamarca,  Rioja,  Cordoba,  and  Mendoza. 
i :    Argentina  (Mts.  west  of  Yala,  Jujuy  i). 

DENDROPHYLAX  genus  nov.a 

Bathmidura  (not  Bathmidurus  CABANIS  1847)  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez. 
Orn.,  Scansoriae,  p.  163,  1853 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY  1855)  Synallaxis 
setaria  TEMMINCK. 

Dendrophylax  setaria  (Temminck)b.    TEMMINCK'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  setaria  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  52,  pi.  311,  fig.  2,  Nov.  1824 — "du 
Bre"sil,  dans  la  Capitainerie  de  Saint-Paul"  =  Castro,  State  of  Parana  (types 
in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

a  Dendrophylax  genus  nov. 

Most  nearly  related  to  Leptasthenura,  but  bill  much  longer  and  slenderer,  with 
strongly  curved  culmen;  rectrices  (12)  much  narrower  and  less  pointed;  the  median 
pair  much  more  elongated  (exceeding  the  submedian  one  by  at  least  twice  the  length 
of  the  bill),  with  exposed  portion  abruptly  attenuated  (emarginate  on  inner  web), 
and  rounded  tip.  (See  sketch  in  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  1906,  p.  332).  Type:  Synallaxis 
setaria  TEMMINCK. 

b  Dendrophylax  setaria  (TEMMINCK)  :  Crested  head  blackish,  each  feather  with  a 
sharply  denned  whitish  shaft  streak;  back  uniform  bright  chestnut,  paler  on  the 
rump;  wing-coverts  and  remiges  blackish  brown,  broadly  edged  exteriorly  with  color 
of  back;  two  lateral  pairs  of  rectrices  cinnamon  rufous;  the  two  next  ones  also  of  this 
color,  but  with  a  distinct  dusky  margin  at  basal  portion  of  inner  web;  the  two 
median  ones  dusky  or  blackish,  tipped  with  cinnamon  rufous;  lores  and  narrow  super- 
ciliary stripe  white;  auriculars  white,  streaked  with  dusky  brown;  throat  and  fore- 
neck  white,  freckled  or  irregularly  spotted  with  blackish;  breast  and  abdomen  buff 
or  dingy  whitish,  passing  into  fulvous  on  flanks  and  under  tail-coverts;  bend  of  wing, 
axillars  and  under  wing-coverts  white  or  buff;  quill-lining  pale  cinnamon;  bill  black- 
ish, basal  half  of  lower  mandible  yellowish  white.  Wing  (five  specimens)  56-57; 
median  rectrix  105-118;  submedian  rectrix  77-85;  outermost  rectrix  25-27;  bill 
12.5-13-5. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  71 

Leptasthenura  setaria  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  68,  1906 — Castro,  Parana  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  332, 
1906 — Castro  (descr.) ;  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  I,  p.  229, 
1907 — Castro;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,p.  34,  1921 — 
Affonso  Penna,  near  Curytiba,  Parana;  Sao  Lourenco,  Antonio  Olyntho,  s.w. 
of  Rio  Negro,  Santa  Catharina  (habits). 

Range:  Highlands  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Parana 
(Castro,  Curytiba)  and  Santa  Catharina  (Sao  Lourengo  and  Antonio 
Olyntho,  near  Rio  Negro). 


Genus  SCHIZOEACA  Cabanis-. 

Schizoeaca  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  21,  p.  319,  1873 — type  by  monotypy  Schizoe- 
aca  palpebralis  CABANIS. 

Schizoeacha  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  579 — emendation. 

*Schizoeaca  f uliginosa  f uliginosa  ( Lajresnaye) .   WHITE-CHINNED  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  fuliginosa  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  290,  1843 — "Colombie" 
=  Bogota;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  141,  1855 — Bogotd;  idem,  I.e., 
1874,  P-  *6 — Bogot£  (descr.). 

Schizoeaca  fuliginosa  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  32,  1890 — Bogota; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  402,  1917 — Almaguer  and  Santa 
Isabel,  central  Andes;  Tocaimito  above  Bogota,  El  Pinon,  eastern  Andes. 

Range :  Central  and  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia,  and  extreme 
western  Venezuela  (Paramo  de  Tama). 

9:    Colombia  ("Bogota"  2);  Venezuela  (Paramo  de  Tama  7). 

*Schizoeaca  fuliginosa  peruviana  Coryb.     PERUVIAN  WHITE-CHINNED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Schizoeaca  fuliginosa  peruviana  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
P-  339i  Aug.  1916 — Mountains  east  of  Balsas,  Peru. 

Range:    Peru  (Mts.  east  of  Balsas,  Dept.  Amazonas). 
i :    Peru  (Mts.  east  of  Balsas,  the  type). 

a  The  members  of  this  genus  are  very  little  known,  and  some  of  them  may  be 
only  subspecifically  distinct. 

b  Schizoeaca  fuliginosa  peruviana  CORY:  The  type  (and  only  known  specimen) 
differs  from  S.  f.  fuliginosa  by  more  purely  gray  under  parts  with  only  the  lower 
flanks  slightly  tinged  with  olivaceous,  and  by  having  the  forehead  as  far  back  as 
the  middle  of  the  eye  decidedly  grayish  brown.  Wing  61. 

This  form  of  which  more  material  is  highly  desirable  approaches  5.  palpebralis 
in  the  purer  gray  tone  of  the  lower  surface,  while  the  grayish  brown  frontlet  recalls 
5.  helleri. 


72     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Schizoeaca  griseo-murina  (Sclater)*.    MOUSE-COLORED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  griseo-murina,  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  578,  pi.  43,  fig.  2 — 
San  Lucas,  Ecuador. 

Schizoeaca  griseo-murina  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  82,  1890 — San  Lucas. 
(?)  Synallaxis  fuliginosa  ?,  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
P-  95 — San  Rafael,  Ecuador. 

Range:    Temperate  Zone  of  Andes  of  Ecuador  (San  Lucas;  above 
Zamora,  Prov.  of  Loja). 


Schizoeaca  palpebralis  Cabanis*.    RUFOUS-CHINNED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Schizoeaca  palpebralis  CABANIS,  Journ.  Ornith.,  21,  p.  319,  1873 — Maraynioc, 
Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  32,  1890 — Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  371 — Maraynioc. 

Synallaxis  palpebralis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  16 — Maraynioc  (descr.); 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  p.  527 — Maraynioc;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  130,  1884 — 
Maraynioc. 

Range:    Peru  (only  known  from  Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin). 


Schizoeaca  helleri  Chapman".    HELLER'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Schizoeaca  helleri  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  10,  Aug.  1923 — Cedro- 
bamba,  Dept.  Cuzco,  Peru. 

Schizoeaca  palpebralis  (not  of  CABANIS)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus..  117, 
p.  82,  1921 — Cedrobamba,  above  Torontoy. 

Range:    Peru  (Cedrobamba,  Torontoy,  Dept.  Cuzco). 

•  Schizoeaca  griseo-murina  (SCLATER)  :  The  only  example  seen  by  me,  a  female 
from  "above  Zamora,  Prov.  de  Loja,"  (American  Museum  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  129766) 
differs  from  5.  /.  fuliginosa  and  S.  f.  peruviana  by  dull  sepia  (instead  of  rufous  brown) 
upper  parts,  almost  blackish  brown  tail,  the  absence  of  the  broad  grayish  postocular 
stripe,  and  by  possessing  a  conspicuous  pure  white  rim  round  the  eye.  In  opposi- 
tion to  Sclater's  original  description,  there  is  no  trace  of  a  white  chin  spot.  Wing 
59;  tail  100;  bill  13.75.  Additional  material  is  urgently  required. 

b  Schizoeaca  palpebralis  CABANIS:  Easily  distinguished  from  the  preceding  spe- 
cies, which  it  resembles  in  the  lack  of  the  conspicuous  grayish  postocular  stripe,  by 
much  lighter  (Brussels  brown)  upper  parts,  bright  cinnamon  brown  sides  of  head, 
much  broader  white  eye-ring,  rufous  tail,  and  by  possessing  a  well  defined  cinnamon 
rufous  chin  spot.  Wing  60-62;  tail  110-116;  bill  14.  Three  specimens  from 
Maraynioc  examined. 

8  Schizoeaca  helleri  CHAPMAN,  to  a  certain  extent,  stands  between  5.  fuliginosa 
and  S.  palpebralis.  It  combines  the  dingy  smoke  gray  under  parts,  the  conspicuous 
grayish  postocular  stripe,  the  narrow  white  eye-ring  and  the  mainly  dark  gray  sides 
of  the  head  of  S.  fuliginosa  with  the  Brussels  brown  upper  surface  and  the  cinnamon 
rufous  chin  spot  of  S.  palpebralis.  The  crown  is  duller,  less  rufescent  than  in  palpe- 
bralis, while  the  forehead  is  grayish  brown  as  in  peruviana.  Wing  57-62;  tail  93-98; 
bill  13-14.  Four  specimens  from  Cedrobamba  and  Torontoy  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  73 

Schizoeaca  harterti  Berlepsch*.    HARTERT'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Schizoeaca  harterti  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Ornith.,  49,  p.  91,  1901 — Unduavi,  Bolivia 
(type  examined). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Bolivia  (Unduavi,  Cillu- 
tincara,  Malaga). 

*Schizoeaca  coryi  (Berlepsch)b.    CORY'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  coryi  BERLEPSCH,  Auk,  5,  p.  458,  1888 — Andes  of  Me'rida,  Venezuela. 
Schizoeaca  coryi  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  33,  1890 — Me'rida. 
Range:    Andes  of  Me'rida,  western  Venezuela. 

16:  Venezuela  (San  Antonio  i,  Monte  Zerpa  i,  Culata  2,  Conejos  6, 
Nevados  2,  Escorial  4). 

Genus  SCHOENIOPHYLAX  Ridgway. 

Schoeniophylax  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  71,  1909 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Synallaxis  phryganophila  VIEILLOT. 

*Schoeniophylax  phryganophila  (  Vieillot}.  WHITE-CHEEKED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Sylvia  phryganophila  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  n,  p.  207, 
1817 — based  on  Azara  No.  229,  Paraguay. 

Synallaxis  tecellata  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  52,  pi.  311,  fig.  i,  Nov.  1824 — 
Sao  Paulo,  Brazil  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Synallaxis  phryganophila  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  22,  1837 — Corrientes  (spec,  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voy- 
age Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  239,  1839 — Corrientes;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27, 
p.  193,  1859 — Bolivia  and  Paraguay;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  120,  1859 — Cuyaba  and  Rio  das  Flechas,  Matto 
Grosso  (soft  parts);  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  250,  1860 — Parana; 
idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  469,  1861 — Parand  (nesting  habits);  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  36,  1868 — Cuyabd  and  Rio  das  Flechas;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1874,  p.  17 — Corrientes,  Parana,  Paraguay;  Montevideo,  Cuyabd 
(monog.);  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Argent.,  i,  p.  253,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro, 
Corrientes;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  611 — Punta  Lara,  Buenos  Aires; 
BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  207,  1883 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay, 

a  Schizoeaca  harterti  BERLEPSCH:  Nearest  to  S.  palpebralis,  but  much  paler  and 
more  olivaceous  above;  white  rim  round  the  eye  much  narrower  (exactly  as  in 
5.  helleri) ;  distinct  superciliary  streak  white,  passing  into  deep  buff  on  posterior  por- 
tion; chin  spot  white  instead  of  cinnamon  rufous;  middle  of  throat  blackish;  rest  of 
under  parts  grayish,  chest  and  flanks  tinged  with  light  brownish.  Wing  52-54; 
tail  90-100;  bill  13.5-14.  Two  specimens  from  Unduavi  examined. 

b  Schizoeaca  coryi  (BERLEPSCH)  :  Immediately  recognizable  among  its  affines 
by  reason  of  the  exceedingly  broad,  deep  cinnamomeous  superciliary  stripe,  extend- 
ing to  the  base  of  the  bill;  large  chin  spot  bright  cinnamomeous. 


74    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Entrerios  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  280 — Paysandu, 
Uruguay;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  181,  1888 — Argentina; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  57,  1890 — Bolivia;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892, 
p.  132 — Fortin  Page,  lower  Pilcomayo;  SALVADOR!,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino, 
10,  No.  208,  p.  12,  1895 — Baranquera  la  Novia  and  Bahia  Negra,  Paraguay; 
idem,  I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  18,  1897 — Caiza,  Bolivia;  idem,  I.e.,  15,  No.  378, 
p.  7,  1900 — Carandasinho,  Matto  Grosso;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  226 — Para- 
guayan Chaco;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  74,  1906 — Sao  Paulo,  Brazil  and  Corrientes;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz., 
i,  p.  234,  1907  (range) ;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  211,  1909 — 
Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires)  and  Mocovi  (Santa  F£);  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  295,  1910 — Mocovi,  Barracas  al  Sud,  Entrerios; 
CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  526 — Sapucay,  Paraguay  (nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  GRANT, 
l.c.,  1911,  p.  129 — Villa  Oliva,  Cabo  Emma  and  Puerto  Maria  (Paraguay), 
Colonia  Mihanovitch  (Terr.  Formosa,  Argentina). 

Schoeniophylax  phryganophila  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  256,  1921 — Cor- 
rientes; TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  19,  1920 — Montevideo  and  Colonia, 
Uruguay;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  48,  1923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios; 
MARELLI,  Mem.  Minist.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  640,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos 
Aires. 

Range:  Northeastern  Argentina  (in  provinces  of  Buenos  Aires, 
Santa  Fe",  Corrientes,  Entrerios,  Chaco,  and  Formosa);  Uruguay;  Para- 
guay; southwestern  Brazil  (in  states  of  Sao  Paulo  and  Matto  Grosso) 
and  eastern  Bolivia  (depts.  Tarija  and  Santa  Cruz). 

4:  Argentina,  Prov.  Santa  Fe"  (Ocampo  2,  Mocovi  i);  Bolivia 
(Buenavista  i). 

OREOPHYLAX  genus  nov.v 

Oreophylax  moreirae  (Ribeiro)b.    ITATIAYA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  moreirae  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13, 
p.  182,  1906 — Morro  Redondo  and  Retiro  de  Ramos,  Serra  do  Itatiaya, 

•  Oreophylax  genus  nov. 

Nearly  related  to  Synallaxis,  but  tail  (composed  of  ten  rectrices)  very  much 
longer,  being  about  twice  as  long  as  wing;  the  unusually  broad  inner  web  of  the  me- 
dian rectrices  abruptly  attenuated  subapically,  and  gradually  narrowing  to  a  dis- 
tinct point,  the  entire  exposed  portion  slightly  bent  inwards;  bill  more  slender  and 
less  decurved.  Agreeing  with  Schoeniophylax  RIDGWAY  in  proportion  of  tail,  but 
rectrices  much  broader  and  differently  shaped;  bill  much  more  slender  and  longer. 
In  shape  of  tail,  this  striking  bird  reminds  of  Leptasthenura  from  which  it  is,  how- 
ever, easily  distinguished  by  its  quite  differently  shaped  bill  and  by  having  ten 
instead  of  twelve  rectrices. 

Type:  Synallaxis  moreirae  RIBEIRO. 

b  Oreophylax  moreirae  (RIBEIRO)  :  Upper  parts  deep  Saccardo's  umber,  darken- 
ing to  sepia  on  pileum;  wing-coverts  like  the  back,  edged  with  rufescent  brown; 
quills  dusky,  the  third  and  succeeding  primaries  edged  with  dull  rufous  brown  on 
basal  portion  of  outer  web;  tertials  narrowly  margined  with  rufescent  brown;  rec- 
trices dusky  brown,  the  three  lateral  pairs  on  outer,  and  apical  portion  of  inner  web 
tinged  with  dull  cinnamon  rufous;  lores,  and  indistinct  superciliary  streak  buff; 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  75 

Brazil;  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  19,  p.  76,  1907 — Itatiaya  (crit.); 
IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Bras.,  i,  p.  233,  1906 — Itatiaya;  LUDERWALDT,  Zool. 
Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  27,  p.  351,  1909 — Campo  do  Itatiaya  (habits). 

Range:    Southeastern  Brazil,  Province  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Serra  do 
Itatiaya). 

Genus  SYNALLAXIS  Vieillot. 

Synallaxis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  24,  p.  117,  1818  (generic 
characters);  idem,  I.e.,  32,  p.  309,  1819 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY  1840, 
p.  17)  Synallaxis  ruficapilla  VIEILLOT. 

Anabates  TEMMINCK,  Man.  d'Orn.,  nouv.  &d.,  i,  p.  82,  1820 — type  by  monotypy 
Motacilla  guianensis  GMELIN. 

Parulus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  85,  1824 — type  by  monotypy  Parulus  ruficeps 
SPIX  =  Synallaxis  spixi  SCL\TER-\- Synallaxis  frontalis  PELZELN. 

Barnesia  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  77,  1901 — type  Synallaxis  cururuvi 
BERTONI=S.  ruficapilla  VIEILLOT. 

*Synallaxis  ruficapilla   Vieillot.    RUFOUS-CAPPED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  ruficapilla  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.f  32,  p.  310, 
1819 — "Bre'sil"  (the  type  examined  in  the  Paris  Museum  was  obtained  by 
Delalande  near  Rio  de  Janeiro);  idem,  Galerie  Ois.,  i  (2),  p.  284,  pi.  174, 
circa  1825 — Brazil  (figure  of  type);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3, 
p.  38,  1856 — part,  "male";  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  97,  1856 — Brazil 
(diag.,  synon.);  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  116,  1859 — Ypanema,  Ytarar6,  Curytiba  (soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras., 
i»  P-  35.  1868 — same  localities;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren., 
1870,  p.  384,  in  text — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  21, 
p.  252,  1873 — Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina;  CABANIS,  I.e.,  22,  p.  86,  1874 — 
Cantagallo,  Rio;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  7 — Prov.  Sao  Paulo  (diag.); 
BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  142,  1885 — Taquara,  Linha 
Piraja  and  Arroio  Grande,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  2,  p.  243,  1889  (note  on  Wied's  specimens);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  38,  1890 — Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  221,  1899 — 
Ypiranga,  Tiete",  Piquete,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Iguap6,  Cachoeira,  Sao  Paulo; 
idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  242, 
1900  (nest  and  eggs);  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  128, 
1899 — Mundo  Novo,  Pedras  Brancas;  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  230,  1907 — 
numerous  localities  in  SS.O  Paulo,  Marianna  (Minas  Geraes),  Puerto  Bertoni 
(Paraguay);  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  134,  1902 — Sapucay, 
Paraguay;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19, 

auriculars  pale  brown;  under  parts  buff,  paler  in  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  buffy 
brown  on^fianks  and  under  tail-coverts;  well  defined  gular  patch  bright  ochraceous, 
with  a  faint  silky  gloss ;  axillars  and  under  wing-coverts  orange  ochraceous,  quill- 
lining  cinnamon  buff.  Bill  blackish,  base  of  lower  mandible  pale  brownish.  Wing 
(three  specimens)  61-62;  tail  112-118;  bill  13-14. 

In  general  coloration,  O.  moreirae  somewhat  recalls  Asthenes  modesta  (EYTON), 
but  is,  of  course,  quite  distinct. 


76    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

p.  69,  1906  (note  on  type);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  524 — Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  15,  p.  140,  1915 — Braco  do  Sul,  Espirito 
Santo;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  265,  1919 — Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones; 
TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  19,  1920 — Canelones,  Uruguay. 

Sphenura  ruficeps  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  42,  1823 — part, 
adult,  "Para",  errore. 

Synallaxis  cinereus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  685,  1831 — part,  Brazil. 

Synallaxis  olivacens  EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1851,  p.  159,  pi.  81  (S.  olivascens 
on  plate) — "South  America"  (types  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Synallaxis  (Barnesia)  cururuvi  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  77,  1901 — Alto 
Parana,  Paraguay. 

Range :  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo 
and  southern  Minas  Geraes  (Marianna)  south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul; 
Uruguay,  and  adjacent  parts  of  Argentina  (Misiones)  and  Paraguay*. 

i:    Brazil  (Ipiranga,  Sao  Paulo  i). 

Synallaxis  superciliosa  Cabams*.    BUFF-BROWED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  superciliosa  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  31,  p.  no,  1883 — San  Javier,  near 
Tucuman,  Argentina  (type  examined);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith., 
i,  p.  178,  1888 — Tucuman;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  41,  1890 — 
Tucuman;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  18,  1897 — 
San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8,  p.  190,  1902 — 
Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  52,  1905 — Tucuman;  HARTERT 
and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  210,  1909 — Villa  Nougues,  Tucuman; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  294,  1910 — Villa  Nougues. 

Range:  Mountains  of  northwestern  Argentina  (in  provinces  of 
Tucuman  and  Jujuy)  and  Bolivia  (Santa  Ana,  Prov.  Valle  Grande). 

Synallaxis  poliophrys  Cabanis0.    GRAY-BROWED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  poliophrys  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  14,  p.  307,  1866 — Cayenne;  SCLATER, 

*  Fifteen  specimens  from  Espirito  Santo,  Rio,  Sao  Paulo,  and  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul  examined.  This  species  apparently  has  only  eight  rectrices. 

b  Synallaxis  superciliosa  CABANIS:  Nearly  related  to  S.  ruficapilla  and  similar 
in  structure,  but  bill  much  smaller;  forehead  (as  far  back  as  the  middle  of  the  eye) 
olive  brown;  loral  spot  white;  postocular  stripe  paler  buff  and  less  conspicuous; 
cheeks  and  auriculars  olive  brown  instead  of  sooty;  under  parts  much  whiter,  with 
much  less  brownish  suffusion  on  the  flanks;  bases  of  throat  feathers  more  extensively 
black,  etc.  Wing  (five  specimens)  54-56;  tail  86-91 ;  bill  12. 

A  single  Bolivian  specimen  differs  from  the  Argentina  ones  by  much  lighter, 
more  cinnamon  rufous  crown  and  upper  wing-coverts. 

Material  examined. — Argentina,  Prov.  Tucuman:  San  Javier  i,  Villa  Nougues  2, 
above  San  Pablo  i;  Bolivia,  Santa  Ana  i. 

0  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  species.  There  are  certain  discrepancies  be- 
tween Cabanis'  and  Salvin's  descriptions,  especially  with  respect  to  the  coloration  of 
the  throat,  and  I  should  not  be  surprised  if  poliophrys  (from  Cayenne)  and  demissa 
(from  Roraima)  proved  to  be  different. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  77 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  13,  p.  39,  1890 — Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  CHUBB,  Birds 
Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  94,  1921 — Roraima. 

Synallaxis  demissa  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis  (5)  2,  p.  449,  1884 — Roraima; 
SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  420 — Roraima. 

Sphenura  ruficeps  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  42,  1823 — part, 
descr.  "junioris"  and  hab.  Cayenne. 

(?)  Synallaxis  ruficapilla  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen 
Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  689,  1848 — Canuku  Mts. 

Range:    French  and  British  Guiana  (Roraima). 

Synallaxis  azarae  azarae  D'Orbigny.    AZARA'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  azarae  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  246,  in  text,  1839 — 
Bolivia11  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR, 
Me"m.  Soc.  His.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  70,  1906 — "Valle  Grande,"  Bolivia  (note 
on  type). 

Synallaxis  griseiventris  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  91,  1889 — Yungas, 
Bolivia  (type  examined);  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  14,  p.  215, 1901 — Inca  Mine  [  =Santo 
Domingo],  Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  91,  1906 — Idma, 
above  Santa  Ana,  Peru  (spec,  examined), 

Synallaxis  ruficapilla  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av. 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  el.  2,  p.  24,  1837 — part,  Bolivia;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage 
Ame'r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  246,  1839 — part,  Carcuata  (Yungas),  Enquisivi  (Sica- 
sica),  Bolivia. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  620 — part,  Carcuata  and  Ramosani  (Prov.  Yungas),  Enquisivi  (Prov. 
Sicasica);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  39,  1890 — part,  z'-c1,  Ramo- 
sani, Bolivia. 

Synallaxis  azarae  azarae  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  70,  1920 — 
Chuhuasi,  Dept.  Puno,  Peru;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  264,  266,  1921 — Bolivia 
and  Peru  (crit.,  range);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  82,  1921 — 
Idma,  San  Miguel  Bridge,  and  Torontoy,  Peru. 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru  (upper  Urubamba  and  Marcapata  val- 
leys, Dept.  Cuzco;  Chuhuasi,  near  Macusani,  Dept.  Puno)  and  Bolivia 
(Sandillani,  Chaco,  Songo,  Cocapata,  Yungas  of  La  Paz;  Incachaca, 
Yungas  of  Cochabamba)6. 

a  Carcuata,  Prov.  Yungas,  suggested  as  type  locality.  See  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  264- 
266,  1921,  where  a  full  discussion  of  the  case  is  to  be  found. 

b  Birds  from  southeastern  Peru  (Marcapata  Valley,  and  Idma,  above  Santa  Ana) 
are,  as  a  rule,  somewhat  darker  sooty  gray  below  with  less  whitish  admixture  along 
the  middle  line,  while  the  rufous  of  the  crown  is  rather  deeper,  and  the  tail  generally 
darker.  In  coloration  of  the  under  parts  they  form  the  transition  to  5.  a.  infumata. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Chaco  3,  Sandillani  5,  Songo  i,  Cocapata  i,  Inca- 
chaca 4,  unspecified  (the  type)  i.  Peru:  Santo  Domingo,  Marcapata  7,  Marcapata 
Valley  7,  Chuhuasi  3,  Idma,  above  Santa  Ana  i. 


78    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
*Synallaxis  azarae  infumata  Zimmer*.    ZIMMER'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  azarae  infumata  ZIMMER,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Zool.  Ser.,  12, 
p.  103,  1925 — Chinchao,  Dept.  Huanuco,  Peru. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  (not  of  PELZELN)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  527 
— Ninabamba  and  Paltaypampa,  Dept.  Junin;  idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  122, 
1884 — Ninabamba,  Paltaypampa,  Pumamarca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
*5»  P-  39.  J89o — part,  Peru. 

Synallaxis  fruticicola  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI  1879)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1882,  p.  26 — Corral,  valley  of  Huayabamba  (eggs);  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  123, 
1884 — part,  Chirimoto. 

Synallaxis  elegantior  (not  of  SCLATER)  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1896,  p.  372 — Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc,  Dept.  Junin. 

Range:  Eastern  slope  of  the  Andes  of  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Amazonas 
(Molinopampa),  San  Martin  (Valley  of  Huayabamba),  Huanuco  (Chin- 
chao, Vista  Alegre,  Huachipa),  and  Junin  (Garita  del  Sol,  etc.). 

6:    Peru  (Molinopampa  i,  Chinchao  3,  Vista  Alegre  i,  Huachipa  i). 

*Synallaxis  azarae  fruticicola  Taczanowskib.    TAMBILLO  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  fruticicola  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  670,  1880 — Tam- 
billo,  Prov.  Chota,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  200 — Cutervo;  BERLEPSCH  and 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  560 — Cayandeled,  Ecuador  (crit.);  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  123,  1884 — part,  Tambillo,  Cutervo,  Paucal. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  (not  of  PELZELN)  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1884,  p.  298 — Cayandeled,  Chaguarpata,  and  Cechce,  Ecuador; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  39,  1890 — part,  spec,  p,  q,  u,  v,  y,  Palla- 
tanga,  Sical,  Santa  Rita,  Cayandeled. 

Synallaxis  elegans  (not  of  SCLATER  1856)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  141, 
1859 — Pallatanga;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  192,  1859 — part,  western  Ecuador. 

*  Synallaxis  azarae  infumata  ZIMMER:  Nearest  to  S.  a.  azarae,  but  sooty  gray 
frontal  band  much  wider;  crown  deeper,  burn  sienna  rather  than  Sanford's  brown; 
back  darker,  less  brownish;  under  parts  darker  sooty.  Wing  59-63;  tail  91-104; 
bill  I3-I3-5' 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Molinopampa,  Amazonas  i;  Huanuco,  Chinchao  3, 
Vista  Alegre  i,  Huachipa  i ;  Garita  del  Sol,  Junin  i. 

b  Synallaxis  azarae  fruticicola  TACZANOWSKI:  Very  similar  to  S.  azarae  elegantior, 
but  grayish  frontal  band  decidedly  narrower,  and  rufous  of  pileum  generally  lighter. 
Wing  52-60;  tail  88-98;  bill  12-13. 

As  pointed  out  by  F.  M.  Chapman,  this  form  is  exceedingly  close  to  the  race 
found  in  the  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia,  and  were  it  not  that  their  respective  ranges 
are  widely  separated  by  the  intervening  5.  azarae  media,  I  would  not  be  disposed  to 
recognize  it  as  distinct.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  however,  only  three  out  of  thirteen 
examples  from  southwestern  Ecuador  agree  with  a  large  series  of  elegantior,  while 
the  rest  may  be  distinguished  by  the  characters  mentioned  above.  Although  topo- 
typical  material  has  not  been  accessible,  I  have  no  doubt  they  are  referable  to  S.  fru- 
ticicola of  TACZANOWSKI  with  whose  description  they  substantially  agree. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Naranjo,  Prov.  Guayas  i,  Cayandeled  i,  Hoyauc- 
shi,  Prov.  Canar  i,  Zaruma,  Prov.  El  Oro  3,  Salvias,  Zaruma-Zaraguro-Trail  i, 
Alamor,  Prov.  Loja  2,  Guainche,  s.e.  of  Alamor  i,  Celica,  Prov.  Loja  2,  Loja  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  79 

Synallaxis  azarae  elegantior  (not  of  SCLATER)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 
36,  p.  402,  1917 — part,  Zaruma,  Loja,  Naranjo,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Southwestern  Ecuador  (in  provinces  of  Guayas,  Chim- 
borazo,  Canar,  El  Oro,  and  Loja),  and  adjoining  parts  of  northwestern 
Peru  (Tambillo,  Cutervo,  Paucal,  Dept.  Cajamarca)». 

i:    Ecuador  (Hoyaucshi,  Prov.  Canar  i). 

*Synallaxis  azarae  media  Chapman*.    INTERMEDIATE  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  azarae  media  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  33,  p.  618,  1914 — 
Salento,  central  Andes,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  402,  1917 — Cerro  Munchi- 
que,  Valle  de  las  Pappas,  Miraflores,  Salento,  Laguneta,  Santa  Elena,  Barro 
Blanco,  El  Eden,  above  Ibague,  La  Candela,  La  Palma. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  520 — Concordia,  Retiro,  Medellin,  Santa  Elena;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  39,  1890 — part,  spec,  k-o,  s,  t,  Retiro,  Santa  Elena,  Pasto, 
vicinity  of  Quito. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  elegantior  (not  of  SCLATER)  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  490, 
1898 — Ibarra;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  59 — Gualea;  MENEGAUX,  Miss. 
Serv.  G6og.  Arm£e  Mes.  Arc  Merid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  B  39,  1911 — Piscopata, 
Nanegal,  Quito. 

Synallaxis  elegantior  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  19,  1899 — Pun,  La  Concepcion  (Valle  del  Chota),  Lloa  (Pichincha). 

Range :  Subtropical  and  Temperate  Zones  of  the  Western  and  Cen- 
tral Andes  of  Colombia,  and  northern  Ecuador,  at  least  as  far  south  as 
Province  of  Pichincha0. 

2:    Colombia  (Salento,  west  Quindio  Andes  i,  La  Candela,  Huila  i). 

*Synallaxis  azarae  elegantior  Sclater.    ELEGANT  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  elegans  (not  of  LESSON  1844)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  25,  Aug 

a  Pacasmayo  (littoral  of  Peru),  mentioned  by  Taczanowski  (P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  230:  S.  frontalis),  is  most  certainly  due  to  a  mistake.  It  does  not  occur  among  the 
localities  in  his  "Ornithologie  du  Pirou." 

b  Synallaxis  azarae  media  CHAPMAN  :  Closely  resembling  5.  a.  elegantior  and 
S.  a.  fruticicola,  but  recognizable  by  the  complete  absence  of  the  buff  or  ochraceous 
postocular  streak,  the  region  behind  the  eye  being  smoke  or  sooty  gray  like  the  auricu- 
lars;  chest  more  washed  with  grayish;  flanks  paler,  olivaceous  rather  than  fulvous; 
white  loral  spot  less  conspicuous;  grayish  frontal  band  wide,  as  in  elegantior.  Wing 
56-61;  tail  90-100;  bill  12-13. 

Specimens  from  the  Quito  region  appear  indistinguishable  from  those  of  Colombia 
and  do  not  show  any  approach  to  S.  a.  fruticicola,  found  in  the  more  southern  parts 
of  Ecuador. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Salento  2,  Laguneta  2,  El  Eden  i,  La  Candela  i, 
Valle  de  las  Pappas  i.  Ecuador:  Quito  4. 

8  Without  reexamination  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  whether  the  birds  recorded 
from  Machay  and  Banos,  e.  Ecuador  (S.  frontalis  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  94)  are  referable  to  media  or  fruticicola. 


8o    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1856 — Bogotd;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  117,  note  i,  1859 — Bogotd  (descr.  juv.). 

Synallaxis  elegantior  SCLATER*,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  151,  1862 — part,  spec. 
a-c,  Bogota  (new  name  for  Synallaxis  elegans  SCLATER  preoccupied);  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  4,  p.  185,  1887 — Bogota. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  8 — part, 
Bogota;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  39,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-j,  Bogota. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  elegantior  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  p.  631,  1906 — Bogotd  (diag.). 

Synallaxis  azarae  elegantior  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  402,  1917 — 
Chipaque,  near  Bogota. 

Range:  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia,  and  Andes  of  Merida,  west- 
ern Venezuela. 

30:  Colombia  ("Bogota"  3,  Paramo  de  Tama  2);  Venezuela,  Andes 
of  M6rida  (Sierra  de  Me"rida  i,  Duramos  i,  Nevados  2,  Valle  4,  Culata  6, 
Escorial  7,  Conejos  i,  Hechisera  3). 

*Synallaxis  frontalis  frontalis  Pelzelnb.    PELZELN'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  117,  1859 — new  name  for  Parulus  ruficeps  9  of  SPIX  (not  Sphenura 
ruficeps  LICHTENSTEIN)  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  85,  pi.  86,  fig.  2,  1824 — Rio  Sao 
Francisco,  Prov.  Bahia  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined);  idem,  Orn. 
Bras.,  i,  p.  35,  1868 — Goyaz  city,  Cuyabd  and  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto 
Grosso  (spec,  examined);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren., 
1870,  p.  384 — part,  Lagoa  Santa,  Sete  Lagoas,  and  Corrego  Rico,  near  Para- 
catu,  Minas  Geraes;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  8 — part,  Brazil  and 
Argentina;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  358 — Salta;  FORBES,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  346 — 
Pernambuco;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  6n — Oran  (Salta)  and  Sierra 
de  Totoral  (Catamarca);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  14,  1887 — Lambare, 
Paraguay;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  178,  1888 — part,  Argentina; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  39,  1890 — part,  spec,  c^r1,  Chapada, 
Goyaz,  Bahia,  Salta;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  131 — Fortin  Donovan,  R.  Pilco- 
mayo;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  12,  1895 — Colonia 
Risso,  Paraguay;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  18,  1897 — San  Lorenzo  (Jujuy) 
and  (?)  San  Francisco  (Bolivian  Chaco);  KERR,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  226 — Para- 
guayan Chaco;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  190,  1902 — Tucuman; 
idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  52,  1905 — Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La 
Plata,  ii,  p.  255,  1904 — Oran,  Salta;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  222,  1904 — Santa 

•  An  earlier  name  may  be  Synallaxis  stissitura  LESSON  (Echo  du  Monde  Savant, 
ii,  No.  13,  p.  303,  Aug.  15,  1844)  from  "Chile,"  but  unless  the  type  can  be  found, 
its  identity  will  always  remain  doubtful. 

b  It  is  probably  safer  to  regard  this  bird  as  specifically  distinct  from  S.  azarae. 
Apart  from  its  shorter,  less  graduated  tail  of  ten  well  developed  rectrices,  stouter 
as  well  as  shorter  bill,  and  certain  color  differences,  there  is  the  possibility  that  the 
range  of  its  western  representative  (5.  frontalis  fuscipennis  BERLEPSCH)  coincides, 
in  part  at  least,  with  that  of  S.  azarae  azarae. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  81 

Ana,  Tucuman;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  231,  1907 — Avanhandava, 
Sao  Paulo;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  68, 
1910 — Barra  do  Rio  Grande,  and  Fazenda  da  Serra,  Rio  Grande,  Bahia; 
CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  524 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  128 — 
Villa  Oliva,  Puerto  Pinasco,  Villa  Franca  (Paraguay),  Pan  de  Azucar  (Matto 
Grosso);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  293,  1910  (range  in  Argen- 
tina); MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  9,  No.  96,  p.  56,  1917 — Pocone  and 
Caceres,  Matto  Grosso;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  150,  1918 — Mendoza; 
(?)  TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  19,  1920 — Montevideo  and  Canelones,  Uruguay. 

Synallaxis  ruficapilla  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  24,  1837 — part,  Corrientes  (spec,  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  meiid.,  Ois.,  p.  246,  1839 — part,  Corrientes;  GOULD 
in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  79,  1839 — part,  Santa  F£;  BURMEISTER,  Syst. 
Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  38,  1856 — part  "female,"  Congonhas  and  Lagoa 
Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  250,  1860 — Parana;  idem, 
Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  468,  1861 — Parana. 

Synallaxis  azarae  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  243, 
1889  (crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  5,  p.  n,  1893 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  frontalis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  58,  1908 — Rio  Ara- 
guaya, Fazenda  Esperanga,  and  Goyaz,  Prov.  Goyaz;  HARTERT  and  VEN- 
TURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  210,  1909 — La  Soledad  (Entrerios),  Santa  Ana  (Tucuman), 
San  Vicente  and  Ocampo  (Santa  Fe"),  Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires);  DAB- 
BENE, Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  307,  1912 — San  Rafael,  Paraguay; 
REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  32,  1916 — Mendoza. 

Synallaxis  azarae  frontalis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  264,  266,  1921 — Cor- 
rientes (range);  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  47,  1923 — Santa  Elena, 
Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  73 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  167 — San 
Isidro,  B.  Aires. 

Synallaxis  azarai  frontalis  MARELLI,  Mem.  Minist.  Obr.  Publ.  (B.  Aires)  for 
1922-23,  p.  640,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Range:  Central  and  eastern  Brazil,  from  Maranhao,  Pernambuco, 
and  Bahia  south  to  western  Minas  Geraes  and  northern  Sao  Paulo, 
west  to  Matto  Grosso;  Paraguay;  northern  Argentina,  from  Buenos 
Aires,  Cordoba,  and  Mendoza  north  to  Tucuman  and  Saltaa;  (?)  Uru- 
guay. 

17:  Brazil  (Grajahu,  Maranhao  3,  Barra  da  Corda,  Maranhao  3, 
Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy,  Bahia  5,  Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto, 

a  While  birds  from  eastern  Argentina  (Entrerios,  Santa  Fe")  and  Paraguay  are 
obviously  inseparable  from  a  Brazilian  series,  those  from  Tucuman,  by  broader 
grayish  frontal  band  and  duller,  less  extensive  rufous  edging  to  the  quills,  form  the 
transition  to  the  Bolivian  S.  frontalis  fuscipennis. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Bahia:  Rio  Sao  Francisco  (the  type)  i,  Macaco 
Secco  5,  Sao  Marcello  i,  Bahia  trade  skins  7.  Minas  Geraes:  Rio  Jordao,  near  Ara- 
guary  i.  Goyaz:  Goyaz  City  6,  Rio  Araguaya  2.  Matto  Grosso:  Cuyaba  i,  Chapada 
2.  Paraguay:  Sapucay  i,  Bernalcue',  near  Asunci6n  2,  Concepcion  i.  Argentina: 
Ocampo,  Santa  F6  3,  La  Soledad,  Entrerios  i;  Prov.  Tucuman,  Santa  Ana  2,  Sar- 
miento  i,  Medinas  i. 


82  FIELD    MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Bahia  i,  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  2);  Argentina  (Ocampo,  Santa  Fe  i, 
Sarmiento,  Tucuman  i,  Medinas,  Tucuman  i). 

*Synallaxis  frontalis  juae  Cory*.    CEARA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  juae  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  274,  1919 — Jua,  near  Iguatu,  Ceara. 
Range:     Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Ceard  and  Piauhy. 

9:  Brazil,  Ceara  (Jua,  near  Iguatu  2,  Serra  Baturite"  2,  Varzea  For- 
mosa 2,  Vargem  Formosa  i),  Piauhy  (Ibiapaba  2). 

Synallaxis  frontalis  fuscipennis  Berlepsch*.    DUSKY-QUILLED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  fuscipennis  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  362,  1907 — Samaipata,  Dept. 
Santa  Cruz,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Synallaxis  azarae  fuscipennis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  265,  266  (diag., 
range). 

(?)  Synallaxis  ruficapilla  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  mend.. 
Ois.,  p.  246,  1839 — part,  Chaluani,  Prov.  Mizque. 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia,  in  Dept.  of  Santa  Cruz  (Samaipata, 
Valle  Grande,  Olgin). 

Synallaxis  moesta  moesta  Sclater.    SCLATER'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  moesta  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  26,  June  1856 — Bogota;  idem, 
I.e.,  27,  p.  193,  1859 — Bogota;  idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  8 — part,  Colombia  (diag.); 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  41,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Bogota. 

Synallaxis  moesta  moesta  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  403,  1917 — 
Buenavista  and  Villavicencio,  base  of  eastern  Andes,  Colombia. 

Range:  Eastern  Colombia  (Buenavista  and  Villavicencio;  not  un- 
common in  "Bogota"-collections)°. 

*  Synallaxis  frontalis  juae  CORY  :  Very  close  to  S.  f.  frontalis,  but  pileum  and  wings 
of  a  clearer,  brighter  cinnamon  rufous;  flanks  more  buffy  brown;  back  more  or  less 
suffused  with  fulvous. 

Additional  material  received  since  writing  the  preceding  lines  shows  this  form  to 
be  inseparable  from  5.  /.  frontalis. 

b  Synallaxis  frontalis  fuscipennis  BERLEPSCH:  Similar  to  5.  /.  frontalis  in  pro- 
portions, and  shape  of  bill,  but  frontal  band  wider  and  more  purely  gray,  back  duller, 
less  brownish;  inner  web  of  median  rectrix  dusky  brown;  quills  on  basal  half  only 
edged  with  dull  rufous  brown.  Wing  57-65;  tail  81-86;  bill  11-12. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Valle  Grande  i,  Olgin  i,  Samaipata  2. 

0  Known  to  us  only  from  Bogota  skins.  An  adult  male  said  to  be  from  San  Nico- 
las, western  Ecuador,  recorded  by  GOODFELLOW  (Ibis,  1902,  p.  60)  as  Synallaxis 
pudica  (!),  differs  by  darker,  more  sooty  gray  under  parts.  We  suspect  that  the 
birds  from  Mindo  and  Nono,  Ecuador,  listed  as  Synallaxis  brunneicaudalis  by 
LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL  (Arkiv  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  68,  1922),  belong  to  the 
same  form  which  may  prove  to  be  separable. 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY  -HELLMAYR.  83 

Synallaxis  moesta  obscura  Chapman*.    LA  MORELIA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  moesta  obscura  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  33,  p.  620,  1914 — 
La  Morelia,  Rio  Bodoquera,  Caquetd,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  403, 
1917 — same  locality. 

(?)  Synallaxis  moesta  (not  of  SCLATER  1856)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  41,  1890 — part,  spec,  c,  Sarayacu,  Ecuador;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  19,  1899 — Gualaquiza  and  Rio  Zamora, 
Ecuador. 

Range:  Southeastern  Colombia  (Rio  Bodoquera,  Caquetd)  and 
( ?)  eastern  Ecuador. 

Synallaxis  brunneicaudalis  Sclaterb.    RUFOUS-WINGED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  brunneicaudalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  62,  1858 — Rio  Napo, 
Ecuador  (type  lost,  formerly  in  Lafresnaye  collection). 

Synallaxis  brunneicaudis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  457,  1858 — Zamora; 
idem,  I.e.,  27,  p.  192,  1859 — eastern  Ecuador. 

Synallaxis  brunneicauda  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  8 — part,  Rio  Napo; 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  41,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  Zamora. 

Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo  region). 

*Synallaxis  cabanisi  cabanisi  Berlepsch  and  Leverkuhn".     CABANIS'S 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  cabanisi  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  21,  1890 — "Peru 
coll.  Tschudi,"  we  suggest  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin  (type  examined). 

a  Synallaxis  moesta  obscura  CHAPMAN:  "Similar  to  S.  m.  moesta,  but  darker 
throughout,  the  upper  parts  browner,  the  white  streakings  of  the  throat  more  re- 
stricted, the  remainder  of  the  under  parts  nearly  one  color,  the  breast  of  the  same 
olivaceous  shade  as  the  sides  and  flanks  instead  of  being  grayer,  the  abdomen  with 
little  or  no  grayish."  (Chapman,  I.e.) .  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  form.  Speci- 
mens from  eastern  Ecuador  should  be  carefully  studied. 

b  Owing  to  the  disappearance  of  the  type,  considerable  uncertainty  exists  as  to 
the  proper  application  of  the  name.  While  originally  described  as  having  the  whole 
pileum  (down  to  the  bill)  rufous,  P.  M.  Chapman  identifies  as  S.  brunneicaudalis 
a  bird  with  olive  brown  forehead  and  considers  it  to  be  specifically  distinct  from 
S.  cabanisi,  of  Peru.  Not  having  seen  any  material  from  eastern  Ecuador,  I  am 
unable  to  add  anything  to  our  scanty  knowledge  of  these  birds,  though  it  appears 
to  me  very  unlikely  that  two  dusky  fronted  species,  5.  brunneicaudalis  of  Chapman, 
and  S.  moesta  (or  subspecies),  as  recorded  by  Sclater  and  Salvadori,  should  occur 
side  by  side  in  eastern  Ecuador. 

0  Birds  from  Chanchamayo  agree  perfectly  with  the  type.  A  single  adult  male 
from  Yahuarmayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Dept.  Puno,  differs  by  smaller  size,  rather 
darker  rufous  pileum  and  wings,  darker,  less  rufescent  back,  paler  (more  whitish 
gray)  edges  to  throat  feathers,  more  grayish  middle  of  abdomen  and  more  oliva- 
ceous (less  rufescent)  tinge  on  breast  and  flanks. 

Peruvian  specimens  correspond  well  to  the  original  description  of  5.  brunnei- 
caudalis, but  F.  M.  Chapman  holds  they  are  specifically  different  from  the  Ecua- 
dorian form  which  I  have  not  seen. 

Wing  of  adult  males:  70,  71  (Chanchamayo),  64  (Yahuramayo) ;  tail  76,  78,  68. 


84    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Synattaxis  ruficapilla  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  283, 
1844 — Peru;  idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves.,  p.  239,  1846 — east  side  of  Peruvian 
Andes. 

Synattaxis  brunneicauda  (not  of  SCLATER  1858?)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  8 — part,  descr.  and  hab.  "vie.  of  Tarma"  = Amable  Maria,  Peru;  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  I.e.,  p.  527 — Amable  Maria;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  124,  1884 — Amable 
Maria. 

Synallaxis  brunneicauda  cabanisi  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  372 — La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Peru;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  115, 
1906 — Huaynapata,  Marcapata,  Peru. 

Synallaxis  brunneicaudalis  brunneicaudalis  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A, 
Heft  10,  p.  69,  1920 — Yahuarmayo,  Dept.  Puno  (crit.). 

Synallaxis  cabanisi  cabanisi  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Nov.,  123,  p.  7,  1923 — 
Tulumayo  (Junin),  La  Pampa  (Puno). 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Peru,  in  depts.  Loreto  (Moyobamba), 
Junin  (Chanchamayo,  La  Merced,  Tulumayo,  Amable  Maria),  Cuzco 
(Huaynapata,  Marcapata),  and  Puno  (Yahuarmayo,  La  Pampa). 

i:    Peru  (Moyobamba  i). 

Synallaxis  cabanisi  fulviventris  Chapman*:    YUNGAS  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  cabanisi  fulviventris  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  123,  p.  7,  1923 — 
Yungas  of  Cochabamba,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  northern  Bolivia  (Todos  Santos,  Rio 
Chapare,  Yungas  of  Cochabamba) . 

Synallaxis  cabanisi  macconnelli  Chubb*.    RORAIMA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synattaxis  macconnelli  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  78,  1919 — Mount 
Roraima,  British  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  95,  1921 — Roraima. 

Synallaxis  brunneicauda  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  419 — Roraima; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  41,  1890 — part,  spec,  b-j,  Roraima. 

a  Synallaxis  cabanisi  fulviventris  CHAPMAN  :  Differs  from  S.  c.  cabanisi  by  smaller 
size,  whiter  throat,  and  much  paler  under  parts,  the  breast  and  sides  being  tawny 
olive,  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  cinnamon  buff  instead  of  grayish.  Wing  (one  male) 
61;  tail  64;  bill  15. 

b  Synallaxis  cabanisi  macconnelli  CHUBB  :  Closely  similar  to  S.  c.  cabanisi, 
from  Chanchamayo,  Peru,  but  wings  decidedly  shorter;  throat  more  blackish,  with 
the  pale  edges  much  reduced;  under  parts  darker,  more  of  a  sooty  brownish;  inner 
secondaries  mostly  blackish  brown,  only  the  basal  half  of  the  outer  web  being  mar- 
gined with  dull  rufescent  brown.  Wing  (three  specimens)  62-63;  tail  73-75;  bill 
I4-5-I5-5- 

Whatever  S.  brunneicaudalis,  of  Ecuador  may  be,  there  can  be  no  question  that 
the  birds  from  British  Guiana  constitute  but  a  poorly  marked  race  of  the  Peruvian 
5.  cabanisi. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  85 

Synallaxis  brunneicaudalis  macconnelli  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft 
10,  p.  70  (in  text),  1920 — Roraima  (crit.). 

Range:    British  Guiana  (Roraima  Mts.). 

*Synallaxis  spixi  spixi  Sclater.    SPIX'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  spixi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  98,  Aug.  1856 — Brazil;  idem, 
I.e.,  27,  p.  192,  1859 — Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  117,  1859 — Ypanema  and  Sao  Luiz  d'Almeida, 
Sao  Paulo  (soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  35,  1868 — same  localities; 
REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  383  (occurrence  in 
western  Minas  Geraes  denied);  BURMEISTER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  636 — 
vicinity  of  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  632 — Conchitas, 
near  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  9 — Brazil  and  Buenos  Aires  (diag.); 
BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  143,  1885 — Taquara,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  179,  1888 — Argen- 
tina; SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  42,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-g,  Brazil, 
Paysandu  and  Maldonaldo  (Uruguay),  Conchitas  and  La  Concha  (Buenos 
Aires)a;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  128,  1899 — Mundo 
Novo;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  221,  1899 — Rio  Grande,  Cachoeira,  Pira- 
cicaba,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo  and  Novo  Friburgo, 
Prov.  Rio;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  243,  1900  (egg  descr.);  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  134,  1902 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz., 
i,  p.  230,  1907 — Ypiranga,  Estacao  Rio  Grande,  Alto  da  Serra,  Ubatuba, 
Campos  de  Jordao,  Itarare",  Iguap6,  Cachoeira  (Est.  Sao  Paulo),  Vargem 
Alegre  and  Marianna  (Minas  Geraes);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  525 — Sapucay, 
Paraguay;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  211,  1909 — Barracas  al 
Sud  and  Punta  Lara,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (crit.);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  294,  1910 — Alto  Parana,  Barracas  al  Sud;  BERTONI,  Faun. 
Parag.,  p.  52,  1914— Alto  Parana;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  167,  1918 — 
Isla  de  Martin  Garcia,  Buenos  Aires;  TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  19,  1920 — 
Uruguay;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  47,  1923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios; 
PEREYRA,  I.e.,  3,  p.  167,  1923 — San  Isidro,  Buenos  Aires. 

Parulus  ruficeps  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN  1823)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  85,  pi.  86, 
fig.  i,  1824 — part,  "male." 

Synallaxis  ruficapilla  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  79, 
J839 — part,  Maldonado;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  611 — Monte  Grande, 
Buenos  Aires. 

Synallaxis  albescens  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3, 
p.  39,  1856 — part,  "male,"  Novo  Friburgo,  Rio;  EULER,  Journ.  Orn.,  16, 
p.  186,  1868 — Cantagallo  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  180 
— Las  Conchas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (spec,  now  in  Brit.  Museum);  idem,  I.e., 
1878,  p.  61  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  EULER,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  61,  1900 
(nest  descr.). 

Synallaxis  furvicaudatus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  76,  1901 — Alto  Parana, 
Paraguay. 

a  The  specimens  from  "Bolivia  (Bridges)"  are  more  likely  to  belong  to  S.  spixi 
hypospodia  SCLATER. 


86    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Synattaxis  spixi  notius  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  60,  1902 — 
Conchitas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (type  examined);  MARELLI,  Mem.  Minist. 
Obr.  Publ.  (Buenos  Aires)  for  1922-23,  p.  640,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Minas  Geraes  (Mari- 
anna)  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Uruguay;  Paraguay; 
northeastern  Argentina  (provinces  of  Buenos  Aires  and  Entrerios8). 

2:    Brazil,  Sao  Paulo  (Victoria  2). 

Synallaxis  spixi  hypospodia  Sclaterb.    CINEREOUS-BREASTED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synattaxis  hypospodia  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  10 — Bahia;  idem,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  44,  1890 — Bahia;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis, 
13,  p.  92,  1906 — Santa  Ana,  Urubamba  Valley,  Peru  (spec,  examined); 
IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  231,  1907 — Bahia;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17, 
p.  317,  1910 — Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
117,  p.  83,  1921 — Santa  Ana. 

Synattaxis  sp.  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  364,  1907 — Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira 
(crit.). 

Range:  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia,  Ceard,  and  Amazonas  (Humay- 
tha, Rio  Madeira),  and  eastern  Peru  (Santa  Ana,  Urubamba  Valley). 

Synallaxis  subpudica  Sclater.    SILVERY-THROATED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synattaxis  subpudica  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  10 — Bogota;  idem,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  45,  1890 — Bogotd;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
1899,  P-  306 — Ambalema;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  p.  19,  1899 — Gualaquiza  and  Rio  Zamora,  Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  404,  1917 — Bogotd  Savanna. 

•  I  cannot  discern  any  constant  difference,  either  in  size  or  color,  between  speci- 
nens  from  Brazil,  and  Buenos  Aires  (notius  OBERHOLSER).  The  type  of  the  latter, 
a  bird  in  very  worn  condition,  agrees  in  grayness  of  back  and  almost  complete  ab- 
sence of  brownish  suffusion  on  flanks,  with  Brazilian  examples  in  corresponding  plu- 
mage. Freshly  molted  individuals  from  Buenos  Aires  and  Brazil  are  much  browner 
above  and  on  the  flanks.  A  single  adult  male  from  Paraguay  (furvicaudatus  BER- 
TONI)  does  not  differ  in  coloration,  but  has  longer  wings  (58  against  50-54)  than 
any  other  specimen. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  5,  Sao  Paulo  (Sao  Sebastiao,  Victoria,  Ypan- 
ema,  Sao  Luiz  d' Almeida)  7,  Santa  Catharina  3,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  2;  Paraguay, 
Sapucay  i ;  Argentina,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires,  Conchitas  2,  Barracas  al  Sud  2. 

b  Synattaxis  spixi  hypospodia  SCLATER:  Differs  from  5.  spixi  spixi  merely  by 
somewhat  stouter  bill  and  by  having  the  forehead  brownish  gray,  more  or  less  con- 
trasted with  the  rufous  crown. 

From  S.  a.  albescens,  of  southern  Brazil,  it  is  readily  distinguished  by  its  much 
larger  (thicker)  bill,  uniform  dusky  brown  tail  (without  trace  of  rufescent  or  russet 
brown  edges),  conspicuous  blackish  throat  patch,  much  darker  gray  breast,  etc. 

Six  Bahia  trade  skins  measure:  Wing  54-57;  tail  74-79;  bill  12.5-13.  A  single 
male  from  Santa  Ana,  Peru,  and  a  female  from  Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira  have  some- 
what shorter  tails  (70  mm.),  and  the  last  named,  besides,  has  the  throat  blacker 
than  any  other  specimen  seen  by  me. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  87 

Range :  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (Savanna  of  Bogota)  and  Ecu- 
ador (Gualaquiza,  Zamoraa). 

*Synallaxis  albescens  albescens  Temminck.    WHITE-THROATED  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  albescens  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  38,  pi.  227,  fig.  2,  Sept.  1823 — 
South  Brazil,  coll.  Natterer  (we  designate  Cimeterio  do  Lambari,  near  Soro- 
caba,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo,  as  type  locality) ;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  118,  1859 — part,  Cimeterio  [do  Lambari],  Itarare" 
(Sao  Paulo),  Caicara  and  Poruti  (Matto  Grosso),  Araguay;  HUDSON,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1870,  p. 1 13 — Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  9 — part,  southern 
and  central  Brazil,  Buenos  Aires;  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  346 — Pernambuco; 
WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  611 — San  Javier,  Misiones;  BARROWS,  Bull. 
Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  207,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios  (breeding  habits); 
SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  179,  1888 — Argentina  (habits);  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  19,  1890 — Monte  Alegre,  w.  Minas 
Geraes  (char.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  43,  1890 — part,  spec,  j-o, 
Lagoa  Santa  (Brazil),  Buenos  Aires,  Belgrano,  La  Plata,  Mendoza;  HOLLAND, 
Ibis,  1895,  p.  216 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
8,  p.  190,  1902 — Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  52,  1905 — 
Tucuman;  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  231,  1907 — Batataes,  Sao  Jos6  do 
Rio  Pardo,  Bauni,  Itarar<§,  Jaboticabal,  Est.  do  Sao  Paulo;  CHUBB,  Ibis, 
1910,  p.  525 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  69,  1910 — Alagoinhas  (Bahia),  Petrolina,  Rio  Sao  Fran- 
cisco (Pernambuco),  S.  Antonio  de  Gilboez  and  Santa  Philomena  (Piauhy) 
(spec,  examined);  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  I,  p.  150,  1918 — La  Paz,  Mendoza; 
BERTONI,  I.e.,  p.  256,  1919 — Puerto  Bertoni;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  47, 
*923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  73,  1923 — La  Rioja; 
PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  167,  1923 — Zelaya,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem. 
Minist.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  640,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Synallaxis  albescens  albescens  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  ig,  p.  59  ,1908 — Faz. 
Esperanca,  Goyaz;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  211,  1909 — La  Soledad 
(Entrerios)  and  Mocovi  (Chaco) ;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires, 
18,  p.  294,  1910 — Cordoba,  Tucuman,  Chaco,  Barracas;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33, 
p.  391,  1916 — Las  Talas,  La  Plata;  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  32,  1916— 
Mendoza. 

Synallaxis  frontalis  (not  of  PELZELN)  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist. 
Foren.,  1870,  p.  384 — part,  juv.,  Lagoa  Santa. 

Range:  Brazil,  from  Maranhao,  Piauhy,  and  Pernambuco  south  to 
western  Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa;  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem)  and 
northern  Sao  Paulo,  west  to  Matto  Grosso;  Paraguay;  northern  Argen- 

•  This  very  distinct  species,  immediately  recognizable  by  its  extremely  long, 
narrow  rectrices,  is  known  to  me  only  from  the  Temperate  Zone  in  the  vicinity  of 
Bogota.  Stone's  record  from  Ambalema,  Magdalena  Valley,  is  perhaps  question- 
able while  the  Bolivian  bird,  mentioned  by  Sclater,  most  certainly  belongs  to  some 
other  species.  Specimens  from  Ecuador  require  comparison  with  topotypical 
material. 


88    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

tina    (in  provinces  of  Misiones,  Entrerios,  Buenos  Aires,  Santa  Fe", 
Mendoza,  La  Rioja,  and  Tucuman)6. 

4:    Brazil,  Maranhao  (Tury-assii  2,  Cod6  i),  Piauhy  (Ibiapaba  i). 

*Synallaxis  albescens  albigularis  Sclater.    NORTHERN  WHITE-THROATED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  albigularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  63,  1858 — Rio  Napo, 
e.  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  456 — Zamora,  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  27,  p.  192,  1859 
— Rio  Napo;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1866,  p.  183 — Nauta  and  Upper 
Ucayali,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  167 — Caracas;  idem,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  252 — 
Plain  of  Valencia,  Venezuela;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  598 — Cosnipata,  Peru;  idem,  I.e., 
*&73>  P-  269 — Nauta  and  Ucayali,  Peru;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Geoldi,  8, 
p.  322,  1914 — Maraj6,  Mexiana,  Arumanduba,  Brazil. 

Synallaxis  occipitalis  MADARAsz,  Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.,  i,  p.  463,  1903 — 
Valleand  Escorial,  near  Me"rida,  Venezuela  (types  examined). 

Synallaxis  albigularis  josephinae  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  60,  1919 — 
Mount  Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  96,  1921 — 
numerous  localities  in  British  Guiana. 

Synallaxis  albescens  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  36,  1868 — 
part,  Forte  do  Rio  Branco  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  9 — part,  Bogota,  Ecuador,  Venezuela,  "Trinidad,"  Guiana,  Peru;  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  25 — Yurimaguas,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  125,  1884 
— Ucayali,  Yurimaguas,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  306,  1884 — 
Bucaramanga;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  419 — Merum£  Mts.  and  Roraima; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  43,  1890 — part,  spec,  b-d,  i,  1-f1,  Bogota, 
Zamora,  Puerto  Cabello,  Caracas,  "Trinidad,"  Roraima,  Merume1  Mts. 
"Para,"  Nauta,  Pebas,  Iquitos,  Sarayacu;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
12,  p.  177,  1898 — Palomina;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  177,  1904 — 
Mahury,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  522,  1906 — Maraj6 
and  Mexiana;  HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  26,  p.  33,  1907 — Mexiana. 

Synallaxis  albescens  albigularis  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  59, 
1902 — Caicara  and  Altagracia  (Orinoco),  Suapure,  (Caura),  Venezuela;  HELL- 
MAYR,  I.e.,  14,  p.  52,  1907 — Teflfe,  Rio  Solimoes;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15, 
p.  144,  1908 — Cayenne,  Roche-Marie,  Approuague,  French  Guiana;  HELL- 
MAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  120,  1912 — 
Mexiana;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  95,  1912 — 
Puerto  Cabello;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  65,  p.  203,  1913 — Jocopita 

a  Birds  from  Argentina  (Entrerios  and  Santa  F£)  are  identical  with  those  from 
Sao  Paulo,  Minas  Geraes,  and  Matto  Grosso.  Specimens  from  northeastern  Brazil 
(Bahia,  Pernambuco,  Piauhy,  Maranhao)  approach  S.  a.  albigularis  by  having  the 
chest  more  washed  with  grayish,  though  in  other  respects  they  resemble  typical 
albescens. 

No  material  from  the  western  provinces  of  Argentina  is  available. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Sao  Paulo:  Cimeterio  do  Lambari  3,  Itarare'  i. 
Minas  Geraes:  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem  3.  Matto  Grosso:  Poruti  i.  Bahia:  Ala- 
goinhas  i.  Pernambuco:  Petrolina  2.  Piauhy:  S.  Antonio  de  Gilboez  i,  Santa  Philo- 
mena  i.  Maranhao:  Tury-assu  2,  Cod6  i.  Paraguay:  Villa  Rica  2.  Argentina:  La 
Soledad,  Entrerios  2,  Mocovi,  Santa  F6  2. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  89 

(Manimo  River)  and  Cano  Corosal,  Orinoco  Delta;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl. 
Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  257,  1916 — Orinoco  Valley  from  Las  Barrancas  up  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Apure  River  (nesting  habits) ;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  36,  p.  403,  1917 — part,  Calamar,  Puerto  Berrio,  Fusugasuga,  Quetame, 
Villavicencio,  Colombia;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62, 
p.  65,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  286,  1922 — Chirua,  San  Miguel,  La  Concepcion,  San 
Antonio,  Fundaci6n,  Pueblo  Viejo,  Heights  of  Chirua,  Santa  Marta  district. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela  (Orinoco- 
Caura  basin;  Caracas  region;  provinces  of  Aragua,  Merida,  and  Tach- 
ira;  heavily  forested  region  s.w.  of  Lake  Maracaibo);  northern  Brazil, 
south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon;  eastern  Colombia  (Santa 
Marta  district,  Magdalena  Valley,  Santander,  Bogotd,  Villavicencio) ; 
eastern  Ecuador  and  eastern  Peru. 

43:  British  Guiana  (Georgetown  i);  Brazil  (Itacoatiard,  Rio  Ama- 
zon 3,  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco  i) ;  Venezuela  (Culata, 
MeYida  i,  Maracay,  Aragua  13,  Caracas  5,  Colon,  Tachira  3,  Cata- 
tumbo  River,  Zulia  3,  Encontrados,  Zulia  8);  Colombia  (Bogotd  2, 
Villavicencio  i);  Peru  (Moyobamba  2)*. 

*Synallaxis   albescens   nesiotis    Clarkb.     CLARK'S    WHITE-THROATED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  albescens  nesiotis  CLARK,  Auk,  19,  p.  264,  1902 — El  Valle,  Margar- 
ita Isl.;  LOWE,  Ibis,  1907,  p.  561 — Margarita  Isl.;  CORY,  Field  Mus.  N.  H. 
Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  I,  p.  247,  1909 — Margarita  Isl. 

Synallaxis  ruficapilla  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  153,  1866 — 
Trinidad. 

Synallaxis  albescens  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  6, 
p.  48,  1894 — Princestown,  Trinidad;  ROBINSON  and  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  18,  p.  674,  1896 — Margarita  Isl.;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — 
Cumanacoa,  San  Antonio,  and  Caripe',  Bermudez;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl. 
Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  192,  1906 — Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Synallaxis  albescens  albigularis  (not  of  SCLATER)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  28, 
1906 — Caparo,  Laventille,  Trinidad;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull., 
I>  P-  365,  1908 — Aripo,  Carenage,  Trinidad. 

11  Birds  from  the  Guianas  and  adjoining  parts  of  Brazil  (josephinae)  appear  to 
be  inseparable  from  albigularis,  as  represented  by  a  large  series  from  Colombia  and 
Venezuela,  although  they  average  slightly  smaller  and  more  brownish  above.  I  have 
no  material  from  Ecuador  (the  type  locality),  but  skins  from  Moyobamba  agree 
with  the  Venezuelan  ones. 

b  Synallaxis  albescens  nesiotis  CLARK:  Exceedingly  close  to  S.  a.  albigularis, 
but  very  slightly  smaller;  crown  patch  slightly,  wing-coverts  decidedly  paler,  more 
of  an  ochraceous  tawny;  back  apparently  more  grayish. 

The  characters  of  this  rather  unsatisfactory  race  require  confirmation  by  better 
material,  all  of  the  Margarita  specimens  being  in  worn  plumage.  Birds  from  the 
vicinity  of  Cumana  are  obviously  referable  to  nesiotis  to  which  eleven  skins  from 
Trinidad,  although  somewhat  divergent  towards  albigularis,  seem  also  to  belong. 


po    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Northeastern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Bermudez  (hinterland 
of  Cumana);  Margarita  Island;  Trinidad. 

9:    Venezuela  (Cumana  i,  Margarita  Isl.  8). 

*Synallaxis   albescens  perpallida    Todd*.     TODD'S   WHITE-THROATED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  albescens  perpallida  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  29,  p.  97,  1916 — 
Rio  Hacha,  Goajira,  Colombia;  idem  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
14,  p.  287,  1922 — Rio  Hacha. 

Range:  Arid  districts  of  northeastern  Colombia  (Goajira  Penin- 
sula) and  northwestern  Venezuela  (Maracaibo,  Rio  Aurare,  northern 
Zulia). 

4:    Venezuela  (Maracaibo  i,  Rio  Aurare  2,  Empelado  Savanna  i). 

*Synallaxis  albescens  hypoleuca   Ridgway.     WHITE-BELLIED   SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  albescens  hypoleuca  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  73,  1909 — 
Nata,  Code",  eastern  Panama;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  195, 
1911 — Nata,  CodS,  Panama. 

Synallaxis  albescens  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  143 — 
Santa  Fe  de  Veragua;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  9 — part,  Veragua;  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  521 — MedelHn,  Colombia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
JSi  P-  43i  l89° — part.  sPec-  a>  e'h»  Veragua,  Medellin;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.  Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  147,  1891 — part,  Veragua  and  Medellin. 

Synallaxis  albescens  albigularis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  403, 
1917 — part,  La  Frijolera,  Caldas,  Call,  La  Manuelita,  Guengue,  Rio  Frio, 
Cauca  Valley,  Colombia. 

Range:  Panama  (Frances,  Chiriqui;  Santa  Fe"  de  Veragua;  Nata, 
Code")  and  western  Colombia  (Cauca  Valley  and  Caldas  basin) b. 

6:    Panama  (Frances  2,  Chiriqui  2);  Colombia  (Cali  2). 

"  Synallaxis  albescens  perpallida  TODD:  Closely  similar  to  S.  a.  albigularis,  but 
somewhat  smaller;  under  parts  paler,  chest  but  slightly  shaded  with  grayish,  middle 
of  abdomen  more  extensively  white.  Wing  54-58;  tail  75-8o. 

Our  spedmens  from  northern  Zulia  are  identical  with  the  typical  series  from 
the  Goajira  Peninsula. 

b  Although  I  have  not  seen  the  type,  I  have  little  doubt  our  birds  from  Cali  and 
Chiriqui  are  referable  to  S.  a.  hypoleuca  RIDGWAY.  They  are  very  similar  to  5.  a.  per- 
pallida, but  decidedly  more  brownish  above,  with  a  rufescent  tinge  on  the  rump, 
while  the  rufous  patch  on  the  wings  is  more  extensive,  involving  also  the  outer 
edges  of  the  greater  coverts.  The  skins  from  Chiriqui  have  the  breast  more  strongly 
washed  with  grayish,  thereby  approaching  5.  a.  latitabunda,  of  Costa  Rica.  The 
latter,  however,  has  the  crown  and  wing  patch  of  a  very  much  deeper  rufous,  and 
the  flanks  much  darker  brown. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  91 

*Synallaxis    albescens    latitabunda    Bangs.      COSTA    RICAN    GRAY- 
BREASTED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  albescens  latitabunda  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  298,  1907 — Boruca  (type), 
Paso  Real,  and  Barranca,  s.w.  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
6,  p.  634,  1910 — Buenos  Aires  and  Boruca,  s.w.  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  194,  1911 — part,  s.w.  Costa  Rica. 

Synallaxis  albescens  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  CHERRIE,  Expl.  Zool.  Merid.  Costa 
Rica,  p.  38,  1893 — Terraba  and  Buenos  Aires. 

Range:    Southwestern  Costa  Rica,  north  to  the  Terraba  Valley. 
2:    Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i,  Terraba  i). 

*Synallaxis  brachyura  brachyura  Lafresnaye.    GRAY-THROATED  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  brachyurus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  290,  1843 — "Colombie"  = 
Bogotd  (type  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Cambridge  examined;  =juv.); 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  141,  1855 — Bogota;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  322 
(crit.  on  type). 

Synallaxis  pudica  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  191,  1859 — Bogotd;  idem,  I.e., 
1874,  p.  10 — part,  Bogotd;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  521 — Remedies; 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  45,  1890 — part,  spec,  s-y,  Remedies,  Bogotd. 

Synallaxis  pudica  pudica  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  3^,  p.  404,  1917 — 
near  San  Agustin,  Andalucia,  Fusugasugd,  Anolaima,  La  Frijolera. 

Synallaxis  brachyurus  brachyurus  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
63,  p-  25,  1919  (note  on  type). 

Range:  Eastern  Colombia,  in  Magdalena  Valley,  extending  west- 
ward into  Antioquia  (Remedies;  La  Frijolera,  Rio  Nechi). 

3:    Colombia  (Bogota  3). 

Synallaxis  brachyura  caucae  Chapman*.    CAUCA  VALLEY  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  pudica  caucae  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  33,  p.  622,  1914 — 
La  Manuelita,  near  Palmira,  Cauca;  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  404,  1917 — La  Man- 
uelita,  Miraflores,  Cali,  and  Guengue,  Cauca  Valley. 

Range:    Cauca  Valley,  Colombia. 

*Synallaxis  brachyura  nigrifumosa  Lawrence.    SOOTY  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  nigrifumosa  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  181,  1867 — 
Greytown,  Nicaragua;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  105,  1868 — "Payna"  =  Pacuar6,  Costa 
Rica;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1870,  p.  no  (crit.). 

'•Synallaxis  brachyura  caucae  CHAPMAN:  Nearest  to  5.  b.  brachyura,  but  crown 
paler,  cinnamon  rufous  rather  than  chestnut  hazel;  back  mouse  gray  without  any 
olivaceous  wash;  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  paler  grayish  olive. 

Two  specimens  from  the  type  locality  examined. 


92     FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VL.  XIII. 

Synallaxis  pudica  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P- 

part,  (?)  Chiriqui,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  45,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  a-f,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  (?)  Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.  Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  149,  pi.  44,  fig.  2, 1891 — part,  Nicaragua  to  (?) 
Chiriqui;  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  496,  1893 — Rio  Escon- 
dido,  Nicaragua  (habits,  descr.  nest);  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  299,  1907 — Boruca 
and  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  Costa  Rica  (juv-  descr.) ;  PERRY,  Field  Mus.  N.  H. 
Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  270,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegei  Mus.,  6,  p.  635,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (crit.,  habits,  nest  and  eggs). 

Synallaxis  pudica  nigrifumosa  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  192, 
1911 — southern  Honduras  to  Costa  Rica  and  (?)  western  Panama  (monog.). 

Synallaxis  brachyurus  nigrofumosus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  12, 
1923 — part,  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica. 

Range:  Southern  Honduras  (Rio  Segovia),  Nicaragua,  and  Costa 
Rica;  (?)  western  Panama  (Chiriqui). 

8 :  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  3) ;  Costa  Rica  (Siquir- 
res  i,  Guayabo  2,  Buenos  Aires  2). 

*Synallaxis  brachyura  chapman!   Bangs  and   Penard*.     CHAPMAN'S 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  brachyurus  chapmani  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
63,  p-  25,  1919 — Jimenez,  Colombia  (type  examined). 

Synallaxis  brachyurus  griseonuchus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  12, 
Aug.  1923 — Santa  Rosa,  Prov.  El  Oro,  Ecuador. 

Synallaxis  pudica  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  88 — 
Nanegal;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  278 — Babahoyo;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  294 — Esmeraldas;  idem, 
I.e.,  1874,  p.  10 — part,  Panama  and  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1883,  p.  560 — Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  298 — Cayandeled;  idem,  I.e., 
1885,  p.  94 — Yaguachi;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  45,  1890 — part, 
spec,  j-s,  Lion  Hill,  Panama;  Balzar,  Santa  Rita,  San  Lucas,  Nanegal,  Baba- 
hoyo, Guayaquil;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  490,  1898 — Chimbo,  Paramba; 
SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  19,  1899 — 

"  Synallaxis  brachyura  chapmani  BANGS  and  PENARD:  Very  similar  to  5.  b.  nigri- 
fumosa, but  back  decidedly  duller  and  less  brownish;  under  parts  on  average  paler 
gray. 

This  is  a  very  unsatisfactory  race,  a  good  many  specimens  being  hardly  dis- 
tinguishable from  those  of  Central  America.  I  cannot  agree  with  F.  M.  Chapman 
in  uniting  the  Colombian  birds  (chapmani)  with  nigrifumosa  and  separating,  at  the 
same  time,  those  from  Ecuador  as  a  different  form.  Examples  from  the  latter  coun- 
try, at  least  those  from  Esmeraldas  and  Santo  Domingo  de  los  Corpnados,  appear  to 
me  identical  with  a  series  from  the  Rio  Dagua.  It  is,  however,  possible  that  the  term 
griseonuchus  may  ultimately  have  to  be  restricted  to  the  birds  of  southwestern  Ecua- 
dor (from  Prov.  Guayas  southward)  which  are  very  pale,  particularly  below. 

Material  examined. — Panama:  Loma  del  Leon  4.  Colombia:  Sipi  i,  Pueblo  Rico 
i,  Jimenez  3,  San  Jose'  2,  Rio  Dagua  5.  Ecuador:  Prov.  Esmeraldas  10,  Santo  Domingo 
de  los  Coronados  5,  Gualea  i,  Chimbo  4.  S.  b.  nigrifumosa:  twenty-four  specimens 
from  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  93 

Rio  Peripa;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  26,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon, 
Panama;  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1148 — Sipi  and  Pueblo  Rico, 
Colombia;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  Ge"og.  Mes.  Arc  M6rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  B  40, 
1911 — Santo  Domingo,  Gualea;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14, 
No.  25,  p.  69,  1922 — below  Nono  and  n.w.  side  of  Pichincha. 

Synallaxis  brunneicaudalis  (not  of  SCLATER)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist. 
N.  Y.,  7,  p.  319,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama. 

Synallaxis  fuliginosa  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  60 — 
Santo  Domingo  and  Gualea  (spec,  examined). 

Synallaxis  pudica  pudica  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  191, 
1911 — part,  eastern  Panama,  and  Ecuador. 

Synallaxis  pudica  nigrifumosa  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  36,  p.  404,  1917 — Alto  Bonito,  Dabeiba,  Iguamiando,  Bagado,  Choc6, 
Noanamd,  N6vita,  San  Jose,  Los  Cisneros,  Barbacoas,  and  Ricaurte,  Col- 
ombia. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (from  the  Canal  Zone  southward),  and 
Pacific  slopes  of  Colombia  and  Ecuador,  down  to  Province  El  Oro. 

16:  Colombia  (San  Jose"  2,  Rio  Dagua  3) ;  Ecuador  (Santo  Domingo 
de  los  Coronados  3;  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  San  Javier  2,  Carondelet  i, 
Paramba  i,  Cayapas  i;  Chimbo  3). 

*Synallaxis  gujanensis  gujanensis  (Gmelin).    GUIANAN  SPINE-TAIL. 

Motacilla  gujanensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  988,  1789 — based  on  "Le 
Rouge-queue,  de  Cayenne"  DAUBENTON,  PI.  enl.  686,  fig.  2. 

Sphenura  cinnamomea  (not  Certhia  cinnamomea  GMELIN)  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz. 
Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  42,  1823 — Cayenne. 

Anabates  ruficaudus  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  Tabl.  me'th.,  p.  66,  Jan. 
1839 — based  on  DAUBENTON,  PI.  enl.,  686,  fig.  2. 

Synallaxis  guianensis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  27,  1859 — Cayenne; 
LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  385 — Para;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  n — 
part,  Cayenne,  Surinam,  Pard,  Rio  Negro;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  419 — 
Bartica  Grove;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  46,  1890 — part,  spec. 
n-h,  Bartica  Grove,  Surinam,  Cayenne,  Para;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8, 
p.  26,  1891 — Santarem;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  178,  1904 — 
Saint  Georges  d'Oyapock,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54 
P-  523,  1906 — San  Antonio  do  Prata,  Castanhal,  Ourem  (Rio  Guama);  idem, 
I.e.,  56,  p.  529,  1908 — Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  p.  322,  1914 — part,  Para,  Castanhal,  Quati-Puru,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata, 
Rio  Guama  (Ourem),  Rio  Tocantins  (I.  PaeLourenco,  Pirunum,  Arumatheua), 
Rio  Tapaj6z  (Pimental),  Arumanduba,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro) ; 
CHUBB,  Birds,  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  97,  1921 — Bartica,  Supenaam  River. 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  59,  1902 — 
La  Pricion,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  144,  1908 — Cayenne, 
Roche-Marie,  and  Approuague,  French  Guiana. 


94    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  gujanensis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  13,  1907 — 
Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  (?)  idem,  I.e.,  p.  52 — TeS6,  Rio  Solimoes;  idem, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  91,  1912 — Para, 
S.  Antonio,  Castanhal,  Ourem;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
p.  260,  1916 — Las  Barrancas  (Orinoco  R.),  La  Union  and  La  Pricion  (Caura 
R.),  Venezuela;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  65, 
1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

Synallaxis  guianensis  guianensis  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  I,  p.  133,  1907 — 
Bartica  Grove. 

Synallaxis  inornata  (not  of  PELZELN  1856)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  36,  1868 — 
part,  Rio  Negro. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela  (Orinoco- 
Caura  basin);  northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon  from  Maranhao 
to  the  Tapaj6z,  north  of  that  river  as  far  west  as  Manaos*. 

5:  British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River  2);  Brazil,  Maranhao  (Sao 
Bento  2,  Tury-assii  i). 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  columbianus    CJiapmanb.     COLOMBIAN  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  columbianus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  33,  p.  620, 
1914 — Buena  Vista,  above  Villavicencio,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  405, 
1917 — Buena  Vista  and  Villavicencio,  Colombia. 

Synallaxis  guianensis  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  u — 
part,  Bogota;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  46,  1890 — part,  spec,  j,  k, 
Bogota. 

Range:  Eastern  base  of  the  Eastern  Andes  in  Colombia  (Villavi- 
cencio and  Buena  Vista;  also  found  in  native  "Bogota"  collections). 

*Synallaxis  gujanensis  huallagae  Cory.    PERUVIAN  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  huallagae  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  274,  1919 — Lagunas,  lower 
Huallaga,  Peru. 

a  Specimens  from  northern  Brazil  (Maranhao,  Pard,  Rio  Tapaj6z)  appear  to  be 
inseparable  from  the  Guianan  ones,  although  the  majority  are  more  buffy,  less 
brownish  beneath,  with  more  white  along  the  middle  line.  The  status  of  the  birds 
found  on  the  Rio  Solimoes  (Teff6)  remains  doubtful,  and  more  satisfactory  material 
may  show  them  to  belong  to  S.  g.  huallagae. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana  10,  British  Guiana  3,  La  Pricion,  Caura  R., 
Venezuela  3.  Brazil:  Maranhao  3,  Para  2,  Itaituba,  R.  Tapaj6z  2,  Teff£,  Rio  Soli- 
moes 2. 

b  Synallaxis  gujanensis  columbianus  CHAPMAN:  Similar  to  S.  g.  gujanensis,  but 
much  whiter  beneath,  the  chest  very  faintly  tinged  with  grayish,  and  the  flanks 
grayish  olive  instead  of  tawny  olive.  Wing  61 ;  tail  77;  bill  13.5. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Villavicencio  2,  "Bogota"  3. 

0  Synallaxis  gujanensis  huallagae  CORY:  Nearest  to  5.  g.  inornata,  but  upper 
parts  much  darker,  less  rufescent;  lower  surface  dingy  smoke  brownish  instead  of 
bright  rusty  buff,  with  the  flanks  more  olivaceous.  Wing  62-65;  tail  69-71;  bill 
I3-5-I5- 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Lagunas  i  (the  type),  Nauta  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  95 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (Lagunas,  lower  Huallaga;  Nauta,  Rio 
Marafion)a. 

i:    Peru  (Lagunas  i). 

Synallaxis  gujanensis   canipileus    Chapman*.     GRAY-CAPPED   SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  canipileus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  n,  1923 — 
Rio  Tavara,  Peru. 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru,  north  slope  of  Sierra  of  Carabaya  (Rio 
Tavara). 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  inornata  Pelzeln0.    Rio  MADEIRA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  inornata  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
20,  p.  161,  1856 — Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira  (type  examined);  idem,  I.e., 
34,  p.  120,  1859 — part,  Borba,  Salto  do  Girao;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  36, 
1868 — part,  Borba  and  Salto  do  Girao. 

Synallaxis  guianensis  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  n — 
part,  spec,  i,  "Rio  Negro"  (spec,  examined"1);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56, 
p.  13,  1908 — Monte  Verde  and  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Purus  (spec,  examined); 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  322,  1914 — part,  Rio  Purus. 

Synallaxis  albilora  (not  of  PELZELN)  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  435,  1905 — 
Rio  Jurua  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  p.  231,  1907 — part, 
Rivers  Punis  and  Jurua. 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  inornata  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  364,  1907 — Humay- 
tha,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  317,  1910 — Calama,  Allianca,  Rio  Madeira 
(crit.,  range). 

"  An  earlier  name  may  be  Anabates  pulvericolor  SCLATER  (P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 
p.  62,  1858 — Rio  Napo).  Unfortunately  the  type,  formerly  in  the  Lafresnaye  collec- 
tion has  disappeared,  and  no  material  from  Ecuador  is  available. 

b  Synallaxis  gujanensis  canipileus  CHAPMAN:  "Most  nearly  related  to  S.  g.  huall- 
agae,  but  crown  deep  mouse  gray  instead  of  dull  mummy  brown ;  the  back  somewhat 
browner  than  the  crown  and  passing  gradually  into  Saccardo's  umber  on  the  rump; 
tail  and  wings  slightly  paler;  under  parts  decidedly  grayer."  (Chapman,  I.e.). 
We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  race. 

0  Synallaxis  gujanensis  inornata  PELZELN  :  Closely  similar  to  5.  g.  gujanensis, 
but  upper  parts,  especially  pileum,  of  a  warmer,  more  rufescent  brown  tinge;  cheeks 
and  auriculars  more  buffy  brownish;  under  parts  much  brighter  rusty  buff,  some- 
times almost  clay  color,  hardly  paler  along  middle  line;  rufous  of  wings  and  tail  on 
average  deeper.  Wing  60-65;  tail  64-75;  bill  14-15. 

This  form,  by  the  coloration  of  the  under  parts,  connects  the  northern  races  with 
S.  g.  albilora,  of  Matto  Grosso,  and  S.  g.  certhiola  TODD,  of  Bolivia.  Some  specimens 
approach  them  also  by  having  the  upper  tail-coverts  margined  with  rufous. 

Material  examined. — Rio  Madeira:  Borba  3,  Salto  do  Girao  i,  Humaytha  i,  Cal- 
ama 2,  Allianca  i;  Rio  Purus,  Monte  Verde  i,  Bom  Lugar  i;  Rio  Jurud  i. 

d  The  locality  of  this  specimen  which  has  no  original  label  is  unquestionably  erron- 
eous. It  is  one  of  Natterer's  skins  received  from  the  Vienna  Museum  and  much  more 
likely  to  have  been  obtained  on  the  Rio  Madeira,  since  it  agrees  perfectly  with  other 
individuals  from  this  region. 


96    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range :    Western  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Rio  Madeira 
to  the  Jurua. 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  certhiola  Todd*.    BOLIVIAN  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  certhiola  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  29,  p.  97,  1916 — Santa  Cruz 
de  la  Sierra,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Synallaxis  albilora  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  " — part, 
Bolivia;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  47,  1890 — part,  spec,  b,  Bolivia. 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia  (Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  Potrerito,  Pal- 
marito,  Rio  San  Julian,  Chiquitos). 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  albilora  PELZELNb.     WHITE-LORED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  albilora  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
20,  p.  160,  1856 — Cuyabd,  Matto  Grosso  (type  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  34, 
p.  1 20,  1859 — Cuyabd,  Engenho  do  Gama,  and  Villa  Maria  [  =  San  Luiz  de 
Caceres],  Matto  Grosso  (soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  37,  1868 — same 
localities;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  n — part,  Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso; 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  47,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  Cuyabd;  SALVADORI, 
Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  12,  1895 — Colonia  Risso,  Paraguay 
(spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  15,  No.  378,  p.  7,  1900 — Urucum,  Matto  Grosso 
(spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  p.  231,  1907 — part,  Matto 
Grosso  and  Paraguay;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  56,  1917 — 
Pocone",  Matto  Grosso. 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  inornata  (not  of  PELZELN)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  33,  p.  621  (in  text),  1914 — Urucum  and  San  Lorenzo  River,  Matto 
Grosso  (spec,  examined);  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  93,  1920 — Matto 
Grosso. 

a  Synallaxis  gujanensis  certhiola  TODD  :  Nearest  to  S.  g.  inornata,  but  anterior 
portion  of  crown  decidedly  grayish  (more  like  5.  g.  gujanensis} ;  back  paler  and  more 
olivaceous  (less  rufescent)  brown;  wings  and  tail  lighter  rufous;  cheeks  and  auricu- 
lars  more  grayish  (like  gujanensis) ;  under  parts  conspicuously  paler,  cinnamon  buff 
rather  than  clay  color,  with  the  middle  of  the  belly  buffy  white,  and  the  flanks  more 
fulvous;  axillars  and  under  wing-coverts  lighter  orange  ochraceous.  Wing  59-62; 
tail  67-70;  bill  14. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia :  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra  i ,  Potrerito  i ,  Palmarito, 
Rio  San  Julian,  Chiquitos  3. 

b  Synallaxis  gujanensis  albilora  PELZELN:  Nearest  to  5.  g.  certhiola,  but  breast 
and  sides  much  more  deeply  colored,  orange  ochraceous  instead  of  cinnamon  buff; 
tertials  and  upper  tail-coverts  bright  cinnamon  rufous;  back  fulvous  brown,  more 
or  less  suffused  with  cinnamon  rufous;  hind  crown  more  brownish;  cheeks  and  auricu- 
lars  buffy  rather  than  grayish;  sides  of  neck  ochraceous  instead  of  grayish,  etc. 
Wing  62-66;  tail  78-83;  bill  13-15. 

An  adult  bird  from  Paraguay  (Colonia  Risso,  Rio  Apa)  is  identical  with  those 
from  Cuyabd  and  Urucum,  while  a  single  female  from  Engenho  do  Gama  (Rio 
Guapor6)  closely  approaches  S.  g.  certhiola. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Cuyabd  5,  Urucum  4,  San  Lorenzo  River  i,  En- 
genho do  Gama  i.  Paraguay.  Colonia  Risso,  Rio  Apa  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  97 

Range:  Central  Brazil,  in  State  of  Matto  Grosso  (Cuyabd,  Uru- 
cum,  San  Lorenzo  River,  Pocone,  San  Luis  de  Caceres,  Engenho  do 
Gama)  and  northern  Paraguay  (Colonia  Risso,  Rio  Apa) . 

Synallaxis  gujanensis  simoni  Hellmayr*.    SIMON'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  simoni  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  19,  p.  54, 1907 — Rio  Araguaya, 
State  of  Goyaz,  Brazil;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  59,  1908 — Rio  Araguaya. 

Range :    Central  Brazil,  State  of  Goyaz  (Leopoldina,  Rio  Araguaya) . 

Synallaxis  tithys  Taczanowskib.    TACZANOWSKI'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  tithys  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  323 — Lechugal,  Prov. 
Tumbez,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  129,  1884 — Tumbez  and  Lechugal 
(Peru),  Rio  Zurumilla,  Prov.  El  Oro  (Ecuador). 

Range:  Northwestern  Peru  (Lechugal,  Prov.  Tumbez)  and 
southwestern  Ecuador  (Rio  Zurumilla,  Prov.  El  Oro;  Salado,  near 
Guayaquil,  Prov.  Guayas). 

*Synallaxis  cinerascens  Temminck.    GRAY-BELLIED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  cinerascens  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  38,  pi.  227,  fig.  3,  Sept. 
1823 — "Bresil,  coll.  Natterer,"  =  Ypanema,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  PELZELN,  Sit- 
zungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  118,  1859 — Curytiba, 
Parana,  and  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  (soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  36, 
1868 — same  localities;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  n — Brazil;  CABANIS, 
Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  86,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio  de  Janeiro;  BERLEPSCH  and 
IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  143,  1885 — Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  48,  1890 — Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  Sao  Paulo;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  128,  1899 — 
Mundo  Novo  and  Sao  Lourenco;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  15?,  1900 — 
Cantagallo;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  231,  1907 — Bauru  (Sao  Paulo), 
Ourinho  (Parana),  Puerto  Bertoni  (Paraguay);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  525 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  295,  1910 — 
Puerto  Bertoni. 

a  Synallaxis  gujanensis  simoni  HELLMAYR:  Agreeing  with  5.  g.  albilora  in  bright 
cinnamon  rufous  tertials  and  upper  tail-coverts,  but  easily  recognizable  by  having 
the  entire  back  uniform  cinnamon  rufous;  the  under  parts  mostly  white,  the  fore- 
neck  and  sides  only  washed  with  buff;  the  pileum  much  more  brownish  (about  raw 
umber);  the  axillars  and  under  wing-coverts  much  paler  ochraceous  buff.  Wing 
(one  adult  female,  the  type)  61 ;  tail  73;  bill  14. 

b  Synallaxis  tithys  TACZANOWSKI:  A  very  distinct  species,  not  dissimilar  to  5.  cin- 
erascens, but  easily  recognizable  by  dull  slate  gray  (instead  of  warm  olive  brown) 
pileum  and  upper  back;  ochraceous  buff  (instead  of  chestnut  rufous)  upper  wing- 
coverts;  sooty  black  (instead  of  dark  chestnut  rufous)  tail;  creamy  white  axillars, 
under  wing-coverts,  and  quill  lining;  yellow  (not  blackish)  legs  and  feet;  somewhat 
slenderer  bill.  Wing  (one  male)  56;  tail  62;  bill  12.5. 

The  characters  are  taken  from  an  adult  male,  obtained  by  G.  von  Buchwaldt  at 
Salado,  near  Guayaquil,  on  August  14,  1903,  in  collection  of  Tring  Museum,  England. 


98     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sinattaxis  cinerascens  BERTONI,  Rev.  Inst.  Parag.,  1907,  p. — [author's  sep.  p.  6] — 
Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul,  and  Paraguay  (Sapucay,  Puerto  Bertoni). 

i:    Brazil,  Sao  Paulo  (Victoria  i). 

Synallaxis  maranonica  Taczanowski*.    MARANON  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synattaxis  maranonica  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  230 — Guajango, 
Rio  Maranon;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  130,  1884 — Guajango;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  48,  1890  (ex  TACZANOWSKI);  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35, 
p.  453,  1918 — Bellavista,  Maranon. 

Range:  Northern  Peru,  on  the  upper  Maranon  (Bellavista,  Gua- 
jango). 

Synallaxis  propinqua  Pelzelnb.    WHITE-BELLIED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  propinqua  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  101,  121,  1859 — Rio  Madeira,  below  the  junction  of  the  Rio  Mahissy, 
Brazil  (type  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  37,  1868 — Rio  Madeira; 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  I2 — Ri°  Madeira  and  eastern  Peru;  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  48,  1890 — Iquitos  and  Ucayali,  (Peru),  Rio  Napo 
(Ecuador);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  126,  1884 — Iquitos,  Peru;  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  435,  1905 — Rio  Jurua;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  I, 
p.  232,  1907 — Rio  Jurua;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  317,  1910 — Rio 
Madeira,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Mahissy  (crit.) ;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  322,  1914 — "Alto  Amazonas." 

Synallaxis  terricolor  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  183 — Rio 
Ucayali;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  269 — Upper  and  Lower  Ucayali,  Peru. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  western  Brazil  (Rio  Madeira)  to 
eastern  Peru  (Ucayali,  Iquitos) ;  ( ?)  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo) . 

Synallaxis  stictothorax  stictothorax  Sclater.    SPOTTED-BREASTED  SPINE- 
TAIL. 
Synallaxis  stictothorax  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  191,  1859 — Guayaquil, 

*  Synallaxis  maranonica  TACZANOWSKI:  Somewhat  similar  to  S.  cinerascens  in 
brown  (though  lighter  and  less  rufescent)  dorsal  surface,  deep  hazel  wings,  chestnut 
rufous  tail,  and  mouse  gray  under  parts;  but  easily  distinguishable  by  much  longer 
bill  and  wings,  and  by  lacking  the  conspicuous  white  supra  loral  streak  and  black 
throat  patch.  From  5.  propinqua  it  may  be  recognized  by  heavier,  shorter  bill,  absence 
of  black  gular  patch,  darker  under  parts  (mouse  gray,  instead  of  pale  grayish,  largely 
white  along  abdominal  line)  and  much  darker  as  well  as  more  extensive  rufous  on 
wings.  Wing  60-65;  tail  65-71 ;  bill  14. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Bellavista,  Rio  Maranon  4. 

b  Synallaxis  propinqua  PELZELN:  Not  unlike  5.  cinerascens  in  general  coloration 
and  markings  of  throat;  but  bill  much  longer  and  slenderer,  with  pale  yellow  man- 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  99 

Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  12,  pi.  2,  fig.  i — Guayaquil  and  Puna  Island, 
Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  560 — Guayaquil; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  49,  1890 — Guayaquil  and  Puna  Island; 
SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  20,  1899 — 
Guayaquil. 

Synallaxis  stictothorax  stictothorax  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  257, 
1919 — Bahia  de  Caraque  (Manavi),  Guayaquil  and  Daule  (Guayas),  Puna 
Isl.,  Machala  (El  Oro). 

Range:  Western  Ecuador,  from  the  coast  of  Manavi  (Caraque 
Bay)  south  to  Machala,  Prov.  El  Oro. 

Synallaxis    stictothorax   maculata    Lawrence*.     PERUVIAN    SPOTTED- 
BREASTED  SPINE-TAJL. 

Synallaxis  maculata  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  10,  p.  186,  1874 — 
Prov.  Tumbez,  Peru. 

Synallaxis  stictothorax  piurae  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  257,  1919 — 
Chilaco,  near  Samate  on  the  Rio  Chira,  Prov.  Piura. 

Synallaxis  stictothorax  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877 
p.  323 — Tumbez;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  751 — Santa  Lucia,  Tumbez  (egg  descr.);  idem, 
I.e.,  1879,  p.  231 — Pacasmayo;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  126 — Guadalupa,  Pacas- 
mayo,  Santa  Lucia,  Tumbez;  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  453,  1910 — 
Bellavista  and  Perico,  Maranon  R. 

Range:  Northern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Tumbez,  Piura,  Lambayeque, 
Libertad  (Guadalupa,  Pacasmayo),  and  Cajamarca  (upper  Maranon 
River). 

*Synallaxis  scutata  scutata  Sclater.    CINNAMON-BACKED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  scutata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  191,  1859 — Brazil  (the  type 
examined  in  British  Museum  is  from  Bahia);  idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  13,  pi.  2, 
fig.  2  (fig.  of  type);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  49,  1890 — Bahia  and 
Chapada,  Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  112,  1893 — Chapada, 
Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  I,  p.  232,  1907 — Bahia,  Matto 

dible;  under  parts  much  paler  gray,  with  center  of  belly  extensively  white;  rufous 
wing  area  much  lighter  and  chiefly  restricted  to  lesser  and  median  coverts;  tail 
much  lighter  rufous,  etc.  Wing  58;  bill  15. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:   Rio  Madeira  i  (the  type).  Peru:  Iquitos  2. 

•  Synallaxis  stictothorax  maculata  LAWRENCE:  Similar  to  5.  s.  stictothorax,  but 
back  more  ruf escent  brown ;  cinnamon  rufous  area  at  base  of  remiges  more  extensive ; 
tail  almost  wholly  rufous,  only  the  median  pair  of  rectrices  being  washed  with  dusky 
on  terminal  portion  of  inner  web. 

Compared  with  four  topotypical  stictothorax  from  Guayaquil,  a  single  specimen 
from  Tumbez  (maculata)  appears  to  be  decidedly  referable  to  the  southern  form 
separated  by  P.  M.  Chapman  as  piurae,  although  the  dusky  terminal  patch  on  the 
central  rectrix  is  slightly  more  extended  than  in  one  from  Pacasmayo. 

Birds  from  the  Maranon  we  have  not  seen,  but  from  geographical  reasons  they 
would  be  expected  to  belong  to  maculata  rather  than  to  the  Ecuadorian  stictothorax 


ioo  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Grosso;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.   Wiss.   Wien,   76,   p.  69, 

1910 — Parnagua,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Synallaxis  scutata  neglecta  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  275,  1919 — Jua,  near  Iguatti,  Ceara. 
Synallaxis  wheiti  [sic]  (not  S.  whitei  SCLATER)  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 

p.  232,  1907 — part,  Avanhandava,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined). 
Synallaxis  scutata  scutata  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  59,  60,  1908 — Rio  The- 

souras,  Rio  Araguaya,  Paz.  Esperanga,  Goyaz  (crit.,  range). 

Range:  Eastern  and  central  Brazil,  in  states  of  Maranhao,  Piauhy, 
Ceara,  and  Bahia,  south  to  western  Minas  Geraes  (Agua  Suja,  near 
Bagagem)  and  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Sao  Jeronymo,  Avanhandava,  Rio 
Tiete"),  west  through  southern  Goyaz  to  eastern  Matto  Grosso  (Cha- 
pada;  Utiarity,  near  Sal  to  Bello,  Rio  Papagaio)8. 

9:  Brazil,  Ceara  (Jua,  near  Iguatu  4,  Vargem  Formosa  i),  Piauhy 
(Arara  2,  Deserto  i),  Maranhao  (Barra  da  Corda  i). 

*Synallaxis  scutata  whitii  Sclaterb.    WHITE'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  whitii  SCLATER,  Ibis  (4)  5,  p.  600,  pi.  17,  fig.  2,  1881 — Oran,  Prov. 
Salta,  Argentina;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  611 — Oran;  SCLATER  and 

a  Birds  from  eastern  Brazil  (Bahia,  Ceara,  Piauhy)  and  Goyaz  have  the  whole 
back  like  the  upper  wing-coverts,  tertials,  and  tail  bright  cinnamon  rufous,  abruptly 
contrasted  with  the  pale  brown  or  grayish  brown  pileum.  The  intensity  of  colora- 
tion on  the  underparts  and  sides  of  head  is  extremely  variable  individually.  Ceara 
examples  appear  to  me  inseparable,  although  two  or  three  are  paler  below  than  any 
other  bird  examined  in  the  present  connection. 

Specimens  from  the  interior  of  Brazil  form  the  transition  to  the  western  race 
5.  s.  whitei.  The  variation  is  well  illustrated  by  a  series  from  eastern  Matto  Grosso 
(Chapada)  in  the  collection  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New 
York.  Two  individuals  are  indistinguishable  from  Bahia  skins;  three  have  the  fea- 
thers of  the  back  slightly  margined  with  brown;  in  two  others  the  upper  parts  are 
mainly  brown,  though  there  is  a  distinct  cinnamon  rufous  suffusion  in  the  middle 
of  the  back,  and  finally  one  male  (No.  33754  A.M.N.H.)  differs  from  whitei  only 
by  lighter  rufous  wings  and  tail,  and  by  having  the  lateral  interscapulars  washed 
with  rufous.  A  male  from  Sao  Paulo  (Sao  Jeronymo)  and  two  adults  from  Minas 
Geraes  (Agua  Suja)  are  closely  similar  to  the  last  named  variety. 

Material  examined. — Bahia:  Bahia  2,  trade  skins  2 ;  Piauhy  4;  Ceara  12 ;  Goyaz  3 ; 
Minas  Geraes,  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem  2;  Matto  Grosso,  Chapada  10,  Utiarity, 
near  Salto  Bello  i;  Sao  Paulo,  SSo  Jeronymo,  Tiete"  i. 

b  Synallaxis  scutata  whitii  SCLATER:  Differs  from  5.  5.  scutata  by  having  the 
back  down  to  the  tail-coverts  plain  olive  brown,  without  any  rufous  suffusion;  the 
wings  and  tail  decidedly  deeper  rufous;  the  tertials  mainly  olive  brown,  but  nar- 
rowly edged  with  rufescent  along  outer  web ;  the  under  parts  and  sides  of  head  some- 
what deeper  ochraceous. 

Four  specimens  from  Urucum,  in  western  Matto  Grosso  I  cannot  separate  from 
the  Jujuy  series,  while  birds  from  eastern  Matto  Grosso  (Chapada)  are  decidedly 
referable  to  S.  s.  scutata. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Four  males  from  Jujuy  (Ledesma)  58.5,60,60,60.5  71-74  "-5-13 

Three  males  from  Bolivia  (Santa  Cruz)          60,60,61  68-73  12-13 

Three  males  from  Matto  Grosso  (Urucum)    58,58,60  63,64,68  12-13 

Two  females  from  Jujuy  (Ledesma)  57,57-5  69,70  12 

One  female  from  Matto  Grosso  (Urucum)      55  63  12 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  101 

HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  181,  1888 — Oran;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  50,  1890 — Oran;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  291,  1895 — Cata- 
marca;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  18,  1897 — San 
Lorenzo,  Jujuy;  idem,  I.e.,  15,  No.  378,  p.  7,  1900 — Urucum,  Matto  Grosso 
(spec,  examined). 

Synallaxis  ivheiti  (sic)  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  232,  1907 — part,  Matto 
Grosso,  Argentina,  Bolivia  (Santa  Cruz). 

Synallaxis  scutata  whitii  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  60,  1908 — Urucum 
s.w.  Matto  Grosso;  S.  Lorenzo  and  Ledesma,  Jujuy;  Oran,  Salta  (diag.); 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  294,  1910 — Jujuy,  Salta,  "Mocovi, 
Chaco,"  Catamarca. 

Range:  Western  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Jujuy  (San  Lorenzo, 
Ledesma),  Salta  (Oran),  and  Catamarca;  eastern  Bolivia  (Dept.  Santa 
Cruz),  and  southwestern  Matto  Grosso  (Urucum,  near  Corumba). 

i:    Argentina,  Jujuy  (Ledesma  i). 

*Synallaxis  unirufa  unirufa  Lafresnaye.    RUFOUS  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synnalaxis  (sic)  unirufus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.  6,  p.  290,  1843 — "Colombie" 
=  Bogota;  BONAPARTE,  Atti  Sesta  Riun.  Scienz.  Ital.  Milano,  p.  404,  1845 — 
Bogota. 

Synallaxis  unirufus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  141,  1855 — Bogota. 

Synallaxis  unirufa  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  194,  1859 — Colombia;  idem, 
I.e.,  1874,  p.  14 — Bogota  and  Antioquia;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879, 
p.  521 — Antioquia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  52,  1890 — Colombia; 
SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  20,  1899 — 
Pun,  Ecuador;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
!9»  P-  73.  1906 — Bogota;  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1148 — Tatama 
Mt.,  western  Andes  of  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p-4O5, 
1917 — San  Antonio,  west  of  Popayan,  and  Cocal  (western  Andes),  Fusugas- 
uga,  El  Roble,  and  El  Pifion  (eastern  Andes). 

Range:  Andes  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  Range),  Ecuador 
(Pun),  and  northern  Peru  (Guayabamba,  Dept.  Amazonas)a. 

2:  Colombia  (Coast  range  west  of  Popayan  i,  El  Roble,  above 
Fusugasuga  i). 

*Synallaxis  unirufa  meridana  Hartert  and  Goodson*.    MERIDA  RUFOUS 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  unirufa  meridana  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  498, 
Dec.  1917 — Escorial  (type)  and  El  Valle,  Andes  of  Merida,  Venezuela. 

8  Birds  from  the  western  Andes  of  Colombia  have,  as  a  rule,  slightly  larger  bills, 
while  two  skins  from  Pun  (Ecuador)  and  Peru  (Guayabamba)  deviate  from  Bogota 
and  East  Andean  specimens  by  rather  clearer  rufous  coloration. 

b  Synallaxis  unirufa  meridana  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  Like  5.  u.  unirufa  with 
ten  rectrices;  but  tail  longer;  coloration  much  lighter,  hazel  rather  than  chestnut 


102  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Synallaxis  castanea  (not  of  SCLATER  1856)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1870,  p.  781 — Forest  of  Sierra  Nevada  of  Me"rida  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER, 
I.e.,  1874,  p.  15 — part,  M6rida;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  53,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  e,  M&ida. 

Range:  Andes  of  western  Venezuela  (Sierra  of  MeYida),  west  to 
the  Colombian  line  (Paramo  de  Tama). 

4:  Venezuela  (Nevados,  Andes  of  Me"rida  i) ;  Colombia  (Paramo  de 
Tama  3). 

*Synallaxis  unirufa  castanea  Sclater*.    BLACK-THROATED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  castanea  SCLATER,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (2)  17,  p.  466,  1856 — 
vicinity  of  Caracas,  Venezuela  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  idem, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  193,  1859 — Venezuela;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1868, 
p.  627 — Caracas;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  X5 — part,  diag.  and  hab.,  Caracas; 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  53,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-d,  f,  Caracas,  Ven- 
ezuela; MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  73, 
1906 — Caracas  (crit.). 

Range :  Coast  Mountains  of  northern  Venezuela  (Silla  de  Caracas ; 
Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila) . 

2:    Venezuela  (Silla  de  Caracas  2). 

Synallaxis  fusco-rufa  Sclater*.    SANTA  MARTA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  fusco-rufa  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  578,  pi.  43,  fig.  i — San 
Sebastian,  Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta  (type  in  British  Museum  exam- 
ined; =juv.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  53,  1890 — San  Sebastian; 
BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  177,  1898 — San  Miguel;  idem,  Proc. 
New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  i,  p.  79,  1899 — San  Sebastian  and  El  Mamon;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  159,  1900 — Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta; 

rufous  and  with  suggestion  of  a  dark  throat  patch  by  the  black  bases  of  the  feathers 
showing  through.  Wing  60-65;  tail  90-106;  bill  14. 

This  interesting  form — although  erroneously  described  as  being  darker — by  its 
much  clearer  rufous  coloration,  suggestion  of  black  throat  patch  and  longer  tail 
closely  approaches  S.  u.  castanea,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  slightly  darker  upper 
parts,  ten  (instead  of  eight)  rectrices,  and  by  lacking  the  large  black  gular  patch. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Andes  of  MeYida:  Nevados  i,  Escorial  i,  El 
Valle  i.  Colombia:  Paramo  de  Tama  3. 

*  Synallaxis  unirufa  castanea  SCLATER  :  Similar  to  5.  unirufa  meridana  in  size 
and  clear  hazel  or  cinnamon  rufous  coloration,  but  upper  parts  somewhat  lighter; 
throat  occupied  by  a  large  well  denned  black  patch;  tail  composed  of  eight  (instead 
of  ten)  rectrices.  Wing  58-63;  tail  93-106;  bill  13-15. 

While  eight  is  the  normal  number,  I  find  two  individuals  with  ten  rectrices 
among  the  series  of  seventy-four  skins  examined  in  the  present  connection. 

b  Synallaxis  fusco-rufa  SCLATER:  Nearly  allied  to  the  S.  unirufa  group,  but 
back  olive  gray,  abruptly  contrasted  with  the  deep  cinnamon  rufous  of  pileum,  nape, 
sides  of  head,  and  wings ;  lores  white,  tipped  with  dusky ;  tertials  olive  brown,  edged 
with  cinnamon  rufous;  throat  and  breast  as  in  S.  u.  meridana,  but  abdomen  much 
paler,  about  clay  color,  shaded  with  brownish  laterally;  tail  composed  of  ten  rec- 
trices. 

Four  specimens  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  103 

TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  288,  1922 — Chirua,  Maco- 
tama,  San  Lorenzo,  Pueblo  Viejo,  Cerro  de  Caracas,  Macotama,  Paramo  de 
Mamarongo,  San  Miguel,  Heights  of  Chirua. 

Range:    Subtropical  Zone  of  Santa  Marta  Mountains,  northern 
Colombia. 


Synallaxis   cinnamomea   cinnamomea    Lafresnaye*.     CINNAMOMEOUS 
SPINE -TAIL. 

Syn[nalaxis]  cinnamomeus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  290,  1843 — "Colom- 
bie"  =  Bogotd;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  141,  1855 — Bogota. 

Synallaxis  laemosticta  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  192,  1859 — new  name  for 
Synnalaxis  cinnamomeus  LAFRESNAYEb;  idem,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  15 — Bogota; 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  54,  1890 — Bogotd. 

Synallaxis  terrestris  laemosticta  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  97,  1912 — Bogotd  (diag.). 

Range:  Eastern  Colombia  (only  known  from  native  "Bogotd"- 
collections) . 

Synallaxis  cinnamomea  bolivari  Hartert0.    BOLIVAR'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  terrestris  bolivari  HARTERT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  37,  p.  31,  1917 — 
Silla  de  Caracas  (type)  and  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Venezuela. 

Synallaxis  striatipectus  (not  of  CHAPMAN)  ROBINSON  and  RICHMOND,  Proc. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  24,  p.  174,  1901 — San  Julian,  near  La  Guaira. 

Synallaxis  terrestris  striatipectus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 
A,  Heft  5,  p.  96,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  (crit.). 

Range:  Northern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Carabobo  (Cumbre  de 
Valencia)  and  in  Departmento  Federal  Occidental  (Galipan,  Cerro 
del  Avila;  Silla  de  Caracas;  San  Julian). 

•  Synallaxis  c.  cinnamomea,  the  most  deeply  colored  stage  in  the  chain  of  repre- 
sentative forms  ranging  from  the  island  of  Tobago  to  the  East  Colombian  Andes, 
shares  with  5.  c.  bolivari  the  dark  rufous  wings,  the  deep  chestnut  tail,  and  the  mark- 
ings of  the  throat;  but  may  be  distinguished  by  much  darker  rufous  brown  pileum 
and  back,  deep  hazel  (instead  of  buff  or  ochraceous)  superciliary  streak  and  sides 
of  neck,  and  much  more  rufous  under  parts. 

Wing  (four  unsexed  adults  from  Bogotd)  61-63;  tail  67-72;  bill  13-14. 

b  The  renaming  of  Synallaxis  cinnamomeus  LAFRESNAYE,  on  account  of  the  earlier 
Certhia  cinnamomea  GMELIN,  was  unnecessary,  since  the  latter,  though  until  recently 
referred  to  the  genus  Synallaxis,  proves  to  be  genetically  distinct. 

8  Synallaxis  cinnamomea  bolivari  HARTERT  :  Closely  similar  to  S.  c.  striatipectus, 
but  upper  parts  decidedly  more  olivaceous,  less  tinged  with  rufescent;  abdomen  on 
average  paler,  with  the  dusky  streaking  less  pronounced.  Wing  55-60;  tail  64-73; 
bill  12-14. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Carabobo:  Cumbre  de  Valencia  4.  Dept.  Fed- 
eral Occidental:  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  1-6,  Silla  de  Caracas  6. 


104  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Synallaxis  cinnamomea  striatipectus   Chapman*.     STRIPED-BREASTED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synattaxis  striatipectus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  12,  p.  156,  1899 — 
Quebrada  Secca,  Bermudez,  Venezuela. 

Synallaxis  terrestris  (not  of  JARDINE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1868,  p.  167 — Carip6,  Bermudez;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  16 — part,  Venezu- 
ela; idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  54,  1890 — part,  spec,  h,  Venezuela. 

Range:  Northeastern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Bermudez  (mountain 
ranges  near  Cum  ana). 

Synallaxis  cinnamomea  carri  Chapman*.    TRINIDAD  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  carri  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  7,  p.  323,  1895 — Caparo, 
Trinidad. 

Synallaxis  cinerascens  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  152,  1866 — 
Trinidad. 

Synallaxis  terrestris  (not  of  JARDINE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  6, 
p.  48,  1894 — Trinidad. 

Synallaxis  terrestris  carri  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  29,  1906 — Caparo  (crit.). 
Range:     Island  of  Trinidad. 

Synallaxis  cinnamomea  terrestris  Jardine.    TOBAGO  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  terrestris  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  19,  p.  80,  1847 — Tobago; 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  192,  1859 — Tobago;  idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  16 — 
part,  Tobago;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  54,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-g, 
Tobago;  DALMAS,  Mem.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  p.  139,  1900 — Tobago  (crit.). 

Range :    Island  of  Tobago0. 

a  Synallaxis  cinnamomea  striatipectus  CHAPMAN:  Differs  from  5.  c.  terrestris  by 
much  darker,  mummy  brown  upper  parts,  with  the  wings  chestnut  rather  than 
hazel;  deep  chestnut  brown  tail;  by  having  a  very  distinct  ochraceous  buff  supercil- 
iary streak;  the  sides  of  neck  and  cheeks  ochraceous,  edged  with  blackish;  foreneck 
and  breast  ochraceous  (instead  of  brown)  and  like  the  belly  heavily  streaked  with 
blackish.  Wing  55-61 ;  tail  62-74;  bill  13-14. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Bermudez:  Quebrada  Secca  3,  Los  Palmales  3, 
La  Tigrera  i,  Carip6  i. 

b  Synallaxis  cinnamomea  carri  CHAPMAN:  Nearly  allied  to  S.  c.  striatipectus, 
with  which  it  agrees  in  dark  coloration  of  upper  parts  and  tail,  but  easily  recogniz- 
able by  bister  brown  under  parts,  either  wholly  unstreaked  or  with  but  a  limited 
amount  of  narrow  buff  streaking  on  foreneck  and  chest;  much  smaller  white  spots  on 
throat,  and  by  lacking  the  ochraceous  buff  superciliary  line.  From  S.  c.  terrestris  it 
differs  by  inferior  size;  much  less  white  on  throat  with  the  blackish  basal  color  show- 
ing through;  deeper  brown  under  parts  with  fewer  buff  streaks.  Wing  54-58;  tail 
60-69;  bill  13-14. 

Material  examined. — Trinidad:   Caparo  15,  Aripo  8,  Cave  Mountains  2. 

c  Twenty-four  specimens  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  105 

Synallaxis  cinnamomea  adusta  Salvin  and  Godman*.    RORAIMA  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  adusta  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (5)  2,  p.-  450,  1884 — Roraima, 
British  Guiana;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  419 — Roraima;  idem,  I.e.,  1886,  p.  50x5 
— Mt.  Twek-quay;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  55,  pi.  3,  1890 — Ror- 
aima; CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  100,  1921 — Roraima. 

Range:    Mountains  of  British  Guiana  (Roraima  and  Twek-quay). 

*Synallaxis  erythrothorax  Sclater.    RUFOUS-BPEASTED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  erythrothorax  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  75,  pi.  86,  June  1855 — 
Coban  (Guatemala)  and  Honduras;  idem,  I.e.,  27,  p.  192,  1859 — southern 
Mexico  and  Guatemala ;  idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  17 — Mexico  to  Honduras  (monog.) ; 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  55,  1890 — Orizaba;  Yucatan;  Vera  Paz, 
Kamkhal,  Chisec,  and  Retalhuleu,  Guatemala;  Honduras;  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  150,  1891  (monog.);  LANTZ,  Trans. 
Kansas  Ac.  Sci.,  16,  p.  221,  1899 — Naranjo,  Guatemala;  COLE,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  50,  p.  131,  1906 — Chichen-Itza,  Yucatan;  DEARBORN,  Field 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  107,  1907 — Los  Amates,  Patulul,  and 
San  Jose",  Guatemala  (habits);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  189,  1911 — southeastern  Mexico,  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  and  Hon- 
duras (monog.);  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  375,  1913 — Xcopen,  Quintana  Roo, 
Mexico. 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca, 
Tabasco,  Chiapas,  and  Yucatan),  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  and 
Honduras. 

9:  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Isabel  7,  Patulul  i,  San  Jose,  Es- 
quintla  i). 

*Synallaxis  rutilans  rutilans  Temminck.    TEMMINCK'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  rutilans  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  38,  pi.  227,  fig.  i,  Sept. 
1823 — "Bresil,"  we  suggest  Cameta,  Rio  Tocantins  (presumed  type  in  Ber- 
lin Museumb  examined);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  193,  1859 — northern 
Brazil;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  119, 
1859 — part,  Rio  Negro  and  Marabitanas  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras., 
i,  p.  36,  1868 — part,  Rio  Negro,  Marabitanas;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1874,  p.  18 — part,  descr.  and  hab.  Rio  Negro;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
P-  57»  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  Oyapock,  Cayenne;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8, 
p.  26,  1891 — Santarem;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  60, 
1902 — Nericagua  (Orinoco  R.),  La  Pricion,  Nicare,  and  Suapure  (Caura  R.), 

a  Synallaxis  cinnamomea  adusta  SALVIN  and  GODMAN  :  Differs  from  the  other 
races  by  sooty  crown  and  auriculars,  and  almost  entirely  white  throat.  In  streaked 
under  parts  and  possession  of  an  ochraceous  superciliary  stripe  it  is  not  unlike 
5.  c.  striatipectus. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:   Roraima  2,  Twek-quay  i. 

aSee  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  1907,  p.  14. 


io6  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  145,  1908 — Oyapock 
Cayenne;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  530,  1908 — Arumatheua,  R.  Tocan- 
tins  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  323,  1914 — Cameta  and 
Arumatheua  (R.  Tocantins),  Victoria,  (R.  Xingii),  Sta.  Julia  (R.  Iriri), 
Cussary,  Tamucury,  Bella  Vista  (R.  Tapaj6z),  Santa  Elena  and  Tucunar£ 
(Rio  Jamauchim),  Obidos;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Set.  Bull.,  a,  p.  260, 
1916 — Maipures  and  Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco,  and  Caura  River. 

Synallaxis  rutilans  rutilans  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  13,  1907 — Rio  Negro, 
Venezuela,  Oyapock  (diag.,  crit.);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  62,  p.  66,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo  and  Javaweg,  Surinam 

Synallaxis  rutilans  amazonica  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56, 
p.  506,  1908 — Bella  Vista,  right  bank  of  Tapajdz  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  French  and  Dutch  Guiana;  Venezuela  (Orinoco  and  Caura 
valleys)  and  northern  Brazil  (Rio  Negro;  Rio  Branco;  north  bank  at 
Obidos;  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  left  bank  of  the  Tocantins  to 
the  right  bank  of  the  Tapaj6z». 

i :    Brazil  (Conceicao,  Rio  Branco  i). 

*Synallaxis  rutilans  amazonica  Hellmayr*.    AMAZONIAN  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  rutilans  amazonica  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  14,  1907 — Itaituba, 
left  bank  of  Rio  Tapaj6z  (type);  Xeberos,  Chamicuros,  Chyavetas,  Yuri- 
maguas,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  52,  1907 — Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes;  idem,  I.e.,  17, 
p.  318,  1910 — Calama,  Rio  Madeira  (range  excl.  right  bank  of  Tapaj6z); 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  324,  1913 — Boim  and  Villa  Braga,  left 
bank  of  Tapaj6z. 

•  Birds  from  Venezuela  and  Brazil,  north  of  the  Amazon  (Obidos,  Rio  Negro)  are 
perfectly  constant  in  coloration,  the  crown  and  back  being  Brussels  brown  in  strong 
contrast  to  the  "burnt  Sienna"  of  forehead,  sides  of  head  and  neck.  A  single  adult 
from  the  Tocantins  (Arumatheua)  differs  only  by  its  duller  (less  rufescent)  brown 
upper  parts.  Four  specimens  from  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapaj6z  (Bella  Vista)  and 
the  Jamauchim,  by  showing  rufous  edges  to  the  lateral  interscapulars  and  some  of 
the  nuchal  feathers,  closely  approach  5.  r.  amazonica,  found  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  Tapaj6z,  and  are  indeed  barely  separable  from  an  example  obtained  at  Calama, 
Rio  Madeira.  Taken  as  a  whole,  however,  they  appear  to  be  nearer  to  typical 
rutilans  although  in  an  earlier  publication  (Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  319,  1910)  I  had  re- 
ferred a  single  example  from  Bella  Vista  to  amazonica. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Nericagua,  Rio  Orinoco  3,  Caura  River,  Sua- 
pure  2,  La  Pricion  3,  La  Union  i,  Nicare  2  French  Guiana:  Oyapock  i  Brazil:  Rio 
Branco  i,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  2;  Rio  Tocantins,  Cameta  i,  Arumatheua  i; 
Bella  Vista,  Rio  Tapaj6z  i,  Rio  Jamauchim  3. 

b  Synallaxis  rutilans  amazonica  HELLMAYR:  Differs  from  5.  r.  rutilans  in  having 
the  whole  crown  and  back  strongly  suffused  with  "burnt  Sienna,"  only  the  rump 
and  tail-coverts  being  fuliginous  or  slaty  blackish. 

The  amount  of  rufous  admixture  on  the  back  is  individually  variable.  Some 
specimens  are  almost  uniform  rufous  from  forehead  to  lower  back,  while  others  have 
only  the  lateral  interscapulars  margined  with  this  color,  differing  very  little  from 
the  typical  race. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Rio  Tapaj6z:  Itaituba  3,  Villa  Braga  i;  Rio  Made- 
ira, Calama  3;  Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes  2;  Peru,  Chamicuros  3,  Chyavetas  i. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  107 

Synallaxis  rufogularis  CHERRIE*,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  35,  p.  185,  1916 — 
Barao  Melgago,  Giparana  River,  northern  Matto  Grosso  (type  examined). 

Synallaxis  rutilans  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  750 — Xeberos  and  Chyavetas,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  269 — Xeberos, 
Chyavetas,  and  Chamicuros,  Peru;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  18 — part,  Peruvian 
localities;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  26 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2, 
p.  132,  1884 — Xeberos,  Chamicuros,  Chyavetas,  Yurimaguas,  Peru;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  57,  1890 — part,  spec,  c-e,  Peru. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  left  bank 
of  the  Tapaj6z  (Itaituba,  Boim,  Villa  Braga)  west  to  eastern  Peru 
(Dept.  Loreto),  south  to  the  Rio  Machados  (Giparana). 

i:    Peru  (Moyobamba  i). 

Synallaxis  rutilans  tertia  Hellmayrb.    MATTO  GROSSO  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  rutilans  tertia  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  15,  1907 — Engenho  do 
Gama,  Rio  Guapor6,  Matto  Grosso. 

Synallaxis  rutilans  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  119,  1859 — part,  Engenho  do  Gama;  idem,  Orn. 
Bras.,  i,  p.  36,  1868 — part,  Irisanga  and  Engenho  do  Gama. 

Range:  Central  Brazil,  in  western  Matto  Grosso  (Engenho  do 
Gama,  Rio  Guapore",  Teodoro  River)  and  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Iri- 
sanga) . 

Synallaxis  rutilans  caquetensis  Chapman0.    CAQUETA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  rutilans  caquetensis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  33,  p.  621, 
1914  —  Florencia,  Caqueta,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  406,  1917  —  same 
locality, 

Range:    Southeastern  Colombia  (Caqueta  region). 

a  The  type  of  this  supposed  species  is  obviously  a  "freak."  It  differs  from  ama- 
zonica  by  lacking  the  black  gular  patch  (only  the  extreme  bases  of  the  throat  feathers 
are  black)  and  by  the  rufous  color  below  terminating  on  the  chest,  while  the  remainder 
of  the  abdomen  is  of  a  dingy  pale  gray  (instead  of  brown),  slightly  buffy  along  the 
median  line.  Wing  60  (not  76,  as  given  by  the  describer);  bill  12. 

b  Synallaxis  rutilans  tertia  HELLMAYR:  Closely  similar  to  brown  backed  examples 
of  S.  r.  amazonica  with  rufous  edges  only  to  lateral  interscapulars,  but  rump  and 
upper  tail-coverts  brown  like  the  back  instead  of  sooty  blackish.  Wing  58-63; 
tail  60-66;  bill  13.  Doubtfully  separable. 

Material  examined. — Matto  Grosso:    Engenho  do  Gama  4,  Teodoro  River  i. 

0  Synallaxis  rutilans  caquetensis  CHAPMAN:  "Similar  to  5.  r.  amazonica,  but  the 
rufous  areas  much  deeper  (mahogany  red  rather  than  cinnamon  rufous),  less  ex- 
tensive below  and  more  extensive  above,  where  they  occupy  most  of  the  crown  and 
back ;  flanks  and  abdominal  region  olive  fuscous  with  a  slight  tint  of  the  color  of  the 
breast,  rather  than  buffy  brown."  (Chapman,  I.e.). 

This  race  which  we  do  not  know,  needs  comparison  with  5.  r.  amazonica  in  which 
crown  and  back  are  often  mostly  rufous.  The  describer  apparently  compared  it 
with  specimens  from  Santarem,  which,  while  somewhat  intermediate,  are  nearer  to 
S.  r.  rutilans. 


io8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Synallaxis  rutilans  omissa  Hartert*.    PARA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  omissa  HARTERT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  n,  p.  71,  1901 — Pard  (type 
examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  365,  1906 — S.  Antonio  do  Prata, 
Para;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  523,  1906 — Pard;  idem,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  324,  1914 — Pard,  Mocajatuba,  Providencia,  Ananindeua,  Sta 
Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puni,  Rio  Guamd  (Sta  Maria  de  S.  Miguel,  Ourem), 
Rio  Capim  (Resacca),  Rio  Tocantins  (Baiao). 

Synallaxis  rutilans  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  574 — Para  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  18, — part,  Para; 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  57,  1890 — part,  spec,  b,  Para;  GOELDI,  Ibis, 
1903,  p-  499 — Rio  Capim;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  523,  1906 — Para, 
Rio  Capim,  Guamd. 

Synallaxis  rutilans  omissa  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  15,  1907 — Pard  (diag., 
crit.);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  36,  91, 
1912 — Ipitinga,  Peixe-Boi,  Flor  do  Prado  (Pard  localities). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Maran- 
hao to  the  right  bank  of  the  Tocantins  (Baiao). 

5:    Brazil  (Utinga,  near  Para  2;  Tury-assii,  Maranhao  3). 

*Synallaxis    gularisb    gularis     Lafresnaye.      LAFRESNAYE'S    WHITE- 
THROATED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Syn[nalaxis\  gularis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  390,  1843 — "Colombie"  = 
Bogotd. 

Synallaxis  gularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  141,  1855 — Bogotd;  idem,  I.e., 
27,  p.  192,  1859 — part,  New  Granada;  idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  16 — part,  Bogotd; 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  55,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-i,  Bogotd. 

Synallaxis  gularis  gularis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  406,  1917 — 
part,  El  Pifion  and  Bogotd. 

Range :  Temperate  Zone  of  the  East  Colombian  Andes  (Bogotd,  El 
Pinon,  Paramo  de  Tama)c. 

i:    Colombia  (Paramo  de  Tama  i). 

•  Synallaxis  rutilans  omissa  HARTERT:  Similar  in  form  to  S.  r.  rutilans,  but 
immediately  distinguished  by  the  lack  of  rufous  in  its  plumage  except  on  the  wings. 
The  whole  top  and  sides  of  the  head  as  well  as  the  under  parts,  save  the  black  throat 
patch,  are  fuliginous,  though  the  breast  is  frequently  washed  with  dull  cinnamon 
rufous,  and  the  back  is  of  a  much  duller  brown  than  in  its  ally.  Wing  58-63;  tail 
68-76;  bill  12-13. 

Material  examined. — Pard:  Pard  3,  Flor  do  Prado  i,  Utinga  2,  S.  Antonio  do 
Prata  i,  Peixe-Boi  i,  Ipitinga,  R.  Acard  2.  Maranhao:  Tury-assu  3. 

b  Synallaxis  gularis,  which  differs  from  the  other  members  of  the  genus  by  its 
slenderer,  more  depressed  bill  and  by  the  tail  being  slightly  shorter  (instead  of  de- 
cidedly or  much  longer)  than  the  wing,  should  perhaps  be  separated  generically. 

0  In  the  absence  of  a  satisfactory  series  with  proper  data  from  the  Eastern  Andes 
of  Colombia,  the  characters  of  typical  gularis  cannot  be  indicated  with  any  degree 
of  certainty.  Two  "phases"  are  met  with  in  Bogotd  collections.  One  has  the  under 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  109 

*Synallaxis    gularis    cinereiventris     Chapman*.      MERIDA    WHITE- 
THROATED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  gularis  cinereiventris  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  31,  p.  149, 
1912 — Quintero,  near  M6rida,  Venezuela. 

Synallaris  gularis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1870,  p.  781 — Culata;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  16 — part,  Venezuela. 

Range:    Western  Venezuela,  Andes  of  Merida. 

6:    Venezuela,  Merida  (Culata  4,  Conejos  i,  Monte  Sierra  i). 

Synallaxis  gularis  rufipectus  Chapman*.    WESTERN  WHITE-THROATED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  gularis  rufipectus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  31,  p.  149, 
June  1912 — Laguneta,  west  of  Quindio  Pass,  Central  Andes,  Colombia. 

Synallaxis  gularis  gularis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  406,  1917 — 
part,  Paramillo,  Andes  west  of  Popayan,  Laguneta. 

Range:    Western  and  Central  Andes  of  Colombia. 

Synallaxis  gularis  pichinchae  Stone0.    ECUADORIAN  WHITE-THROATED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  gularis  pichinchae  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  64,  p.  365,  Sept. 
1912 — Hacienda  Garzon,  southern  foot  of  Mt.  Pichincha,  Ecuador. 

parts  chiefly  brownish  gray  with  the  flanks  and  tail  coverts  bright  cinnamon  brown, 
and  closely  resembles  the  MeYida  form  cinereiventris.  Three  Bogota  skins  and  one 
female  from  the  Paramo  de  Tama  represent  this  color  phase.  Others  have  the  under 
surface  (below  the  white  throat)  bright  rusty  cinnamon  like  birds  from  the  Central 
Andes  (rufipectus  CHAPMAN),  from  which  they  merely  differ  by  decidedly  deeper 
upper  parts.  From  Lafresnaye's  description  ("subtus  pallide  rufescens")  it  appears 
that  the  species  was  originally  based  upon  an  example  of  the  rusty  bellied  variety. 
Chapman  (I.e.,  p.  406)  records  a  similar  specimen  from  El  Pifion,  near  Bogota. 

S.  g.  gularis  is  evidently  an  intermediate  form,  connecting  the  western  rufipectus 
and  the  Venezuelan  cinereiventris;  both  of  which  are  perfectly  constant  in  their 
respective  ranges. 

a  Synallaxis  gularis  cinereiventris  CHAPMAN:  Similar  to  gray  bellied  examples  of 
S.  g.  gularis,  but  under  parts  broccoli  brown  (less  grayish),  with  the  cinnamon  brown 
wash  on  flanks  and  crissum  generally  less  pronounced;  dorsal  surface  richer  rufous; 
bill  slightly  longer.  Wing  56-61;  tail  55-60;  bill  13-14. 

Nine  specimens  from  the  Andes  of  Merida  examined. 

b  Synallaxis  gularis  rufipectus  CHAPMAN  :  Similar  to  S.  g .  gularis,  but  decidedly 
richer  cinnamon  russet  above;  under  parts,  except  throat,  bright  rusty  cinnamon, 
flanks  and  crissum  but  slightly  deeper  in  tone.  Size  the  same. 

Material  examined. — Colombia,  Central  Andes,  Prov.  Caldas:  Sancudo  4,  La 
Leonera  8,  all  in  Carnegie  Museum. 

0  Synallaxis  gularis  pichinchae  STONE:   Exceedingly  close  to  S.  g.  rufipectus,  but 
under  parts  paler  tawny  olive,  and  dorsal  surface  darker,  less  tawny.    Wing  54-60; 
tail  50-55;  bill  13. 

1  am  not  very  confident  as  to  the  distinctness  of  this  form.    Five  specimens 
(Pichincha  3,  Illiniza  i,  Nanegal  i)  are  paler,  less  rusty  below  and  slightly  duller 


no  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Synallaxis  gularis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  192, 
1859 — part,  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  89,  1860 — Nanegal;  idem,  I.e.,  1874, 
p.  16 — part,  Ecuador;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  1890 — part,  spec,  j-m, 
Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  60 — western  side  of  Coraz6n;  MENE- 
GAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  G6ogr.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  B  40,  1911 — Lloa, 
Mindo,  and  Nono;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  69, 
1922 — Nono  and  Pichincha. 

Synallaxis  rufiventris  (not  of  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN)  SALVADORI  and  FESTA, 
Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  20,  1899 — Chaupi  (Paramos  of  Illin- 
iza),  Frutillas,  Nanegal  (spec,  examined). 

Range :    Temperate  Zone  of  Ecuador. 

Synallaxis  gularis  rufiventris   Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann*.     PERUVIAN 
WHITE-THROATED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  gularis  rufiventris  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
P-  372 — Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru  (type  in  Warsaw  Museum  examined). 

Range:    Andes  of  Central  Peru  (Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin). 

Genus  POECILURUS  Toddb. 

Poecilurus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  30,  p.  129,  1917 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Synallaxis  candei  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

Poecilurus    candei    candei    (Lafresnaye   and   D'Orbigny).      CANDE'S 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synnalaxis  (sic)  candei  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Rev.  Zool.,  I,  p.  165,  1838 
Carthagena,  Colombia  (type  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Cambridge  ex- 
amined). 

Synallaxis  candaei  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  194,  1859 — part,  Carthagena; 
idem,  I.e.,  1871,  p.  85 — part,  Sabanilla  and  Carthagena;  idem,  I.e.,  1874, 
p.  15,  pi.  3,  fig.  2 — part,  Carthagena,  Sabanilla;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
J5t  P-  54»  J^QO — part,  spec,  b,  Carthagena;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila., 
1899,  p.  313 — Base  of  La  Popa,  Carthagena. 

Synallaxis  candei  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  193 — Carthagena. 

above  than  two  rufipectus,  with  which  they  were  directly  compared,  though  the 
difference  is  not  very  pronounced.  F.  M.  Chapman  (in  litt.)  considers  them  insep- 
arable. 

a  Synallaxis  gularis  rufiventris  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  The  type  (and  only 
known  specimen)  differs  from  five  pichinchae  by  much  darker,  more  cinnamomeous 
sides  of  neck  and  under  parts,  the  foreneck  particularly  so;  somewhat  deeper  rufous 
upper  parts  and  tail;  more  restricted  white  throat  patch.  Wing  (adult  male)  60.5; 
tail  55.5 ;  bill  13. 

More  material  is  needed  to  show  whether  this  form  is  really  distinct  from  the  birds 
inhabiting  Ecuador  and  western  Colombia. 

b  Genus  Poecilurus  TODD:  Nearest  to  Synallaxis,  but  tail  composed  of  soft, 
closely  webbed  feathers,  with  broad,  blunt  tips. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  in 

Synallaxis  candaei  candaei  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  405,  1917 
— La  Playa,  Calamar,  Remolino. 

Poecilurus  candei  candei  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  285, 
1922 — Fundaci6n,  Colombia. 

Range:  Littoral  of  northern  Colombia,  west  of  the  Santa  Marta 
Mountains,  and  Magdalena  Delta  south  to  Calamara. 

*Poecilurus    candei   venezuelensis    (Cory}b.     VENEZUELAN    WHITE- 
CHINNED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  candei  venezuelensis  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
p.  292,  1913 — Rio  Aurare,  about  fifteen  miles  east  of  Maracaibo,  Zulia, 
Venezuela. 

Synallaxis  candaei  (not  5.  candei  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  194,  1859 — part,  Rio  Hacha;  idem,  I.e.,  1871,  p.  85 — 
part,  Rio  Hacha;  idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  15 — part,  Rio  Hacha;  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  170 — Valencia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  54, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a,  Valencia. 

Poecilurus  candei  venezuelensis  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
p.  286, 1922 — Rio  Hacha  (La  Goajira),  Fonseca  (Rio  Rancheria),  Valencia 
(Rio  Cesar)  (crit.). 

Range :  Arid  littoral  of  northern  Colombia,  east  of  the  Santa  Marta 
Mountains  (Rio  Hacha,  La  Goajira;  valleys  of  the  Rio  Rancheria  and 
Rio  Cesar),  and  northwestern  Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare  and  Altagracia, 
Zulia;  Tocuyo,  Lara). 

2:    Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare  i,  Altagracia  i). 

Poecilurus  candei  atrigularis  Todde.    MAGDALENA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Poecilurus  atrigularis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  30,  p.  129,  1917 — Gamarra, 
Magdalena,  Colombia  (type  examined). 

a  Material  examined. — Carthagena  3,  Sabanilla  i,  Turbaco  4,  Calamar  2. 

b  Poecilurus  candei  venezuelensis  (CORY)  :  Similar  to  P.  c.  candei,  but  rufous  areas 
lighter  in  tone;  upper  back  without  trace  of  brownish  edges;  crown  more  grayish; 
white  supraloral  streak  much  more  conspicuous;  basal  portion  of  rectrices  lighter 
cinnamon  rufous,  tail  in  consequence  more  distinctly  bicolor.  Wing  61-63;  tail  72- 
75;  bill  13-14- 

0  Poecilurus  candei  atrigularis  TODD:  Nearly  related  to  P.  c.  candei,  but  imme- 
diately distinguished  by  lacking  the  cinnamon  rufous  on  postocular  region  and  sides 
of  neck,  the  former  being  dull  buffy  grayish  brown  like  the  crown,  the  latter  Dresden 
brown;  by  Dresden  brown  (instead  of  cinnamon  rufous)  back;  darker  chestnut  tail, 
with  dusky  terminal  portion  less  marked;  duller  sooty  auriculars;  deeper  (amber 
brown)  breast,  passing  into  tawny  olive  on  flanks;  finally  by  having  the  chin  and 
malar  region  but  slightly  spotted  with  grayish  white.  Wing  61-65;  tail  73-77; 
bill  13-14. 

Though  well-marked,  this  is  clearly  but  a  southern  race  of  P.  c.  candei,  some  of 
the  examples  being  slightly  intermediate  in  one  or  the  other  character. 

Material  examined. — Gamarra  2,  Aguachica  3. 


ii2  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Northern  Colombia,  in  State  of  Magdalena  (Gamarra  and 
Aguachica,  near  Puerto  Nacional,  on  the  Magdalena  River). 

Poecilurus  kollari  (Pelzeln)*.    KOLLAR'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  kollari  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
20  (i),  p.  158,  pi.  i,  fig.  3,  1856 — Forte  do  Sao  Joaquim,  Rio  Branco,  Brazil 
(spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  34,  p.  119,  1859 — Sao  Joa- 
quim; idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  36,  1868 — Sao  Joaquim;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1874,  P-  J5t  Pi-  3>  fig-  * — R*°  Branco;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  53, 
1890 — Rio  Branco. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  upper  Rio  Branco  (Forte  do  Sao 
Joaquim). 

Genus  CERTHIAXIS  Lessonb. 

Certhiaxis  LESSON,  Echo  du  Monde  Savant,  n  (2),  No.  8,  p.  182,  July  1844 — 
type  by  orig.  desig.  Certhia  cinnamomea  GMELIN. 

Leptoxyura  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Sittinae,  p.  170,  1853 — type  by 
subs,  desig.  (Gray,  1855,  p.  27)  Synallaxis  ruficauda  VIEILLOT. 

*Certhiaxis  cinnamomea  cinnamomea  (Gmeliri).     YELLOW-THROATED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Certhia  cinnamomea  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (i),  p.  480,  1788 — based  on  "Cinna- 
mon Creeper"  LATHAM,  Gen.  Syn.  Birds,  i  (2),  p.  740,  1782;  locality  un- 
known, Cayenne  substituted  as  type  locality  by  Berlepsch  and  Hartert  1902; 
VIEILLOT  and  OUDART,  Galerie  Ois.,  i  (2),  p.  283,  pi.  173,  circa  1825 — Cayenne. 

Synallaxis  cinnamomea  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tlbers,  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  42,  1856 — 
"Para"  and  Guyana;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  13 — part,  Trinidad, 
Guiana,  Cayenne;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  419 — British  Guiana  (ex  SCHOM- 
BURGK);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  51,  1890 — part,  spec,  b-d,  Trini- 
dad, Rio  Tocantins,  Isl.  of  Mexiana;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  6, 
p.  47,  1894 — mouth  of  the  Cipero  River,  Trinidad;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  59,  1902 — Altagracia  and  Ciudad  Bolivar,  R.  Orinoco  (spec, 
examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  523,  1906 — Maraj6  and  Mexiana; 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  28,  1906 — Caroni  Swamp  and  Seelet,  Trinidad; 

a  Poecilurus  kollari  (PELZELN)  :  Similar  in  form  to  P.  c.  candei,  but  tail  entirely 
clear  cinnamon  rufous,  without  trace  of  the  black  terminal  zone;  lores  and  cheeks 
pale  gray  instead  of  black;  auriculars  but  slightly  paler  cinnamon  rufous  than  the 
back,  instead  of  black;  throat  black,  tipped  with  silvery  white;  middle  of  abdomen 
less  extensively  buffy  white.  Wing  (three  adults)  58-60;  tail  73-75;  bill  14. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Forte  do  Sao  Joaquim,  Rio  Branco  4. 

b  As  first  pointed  out  by  Bertoni  (Anal.  Cient.  Parag.,  (2)  No.  3,  p.  240,  1918) 
and  later  insisted  upon  by  Todd  (Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  291,  1922),  Certhia 
cinnamomea  and  allies  have  twelve  rectrices,  which  at  once  rules  them  out  of  Syn- 
allaxis where  they  had  been  placed  by  authors.  The  group  appears  most  nearly 
related  to  Cranioleuca,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  its  much  more  rounded  wing 
and  short  tail  (about  equal  to  length  of  wing). 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  113 

HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  26,  p.  33,  1907 — Mexiana  (spec,  examined); 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  144,  1908 — Cayenne;  BEEBE,  Zoologica 
(N.  Y.),  i,  p.  93,  1909 — La  Brea,  Orinoco  Delta;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  6s,  p.  203,  1913 — Boca  Uracoa,  Manimo  River,  Venezuela;  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  323,  1914 — Quati-Puni,  Rio  Tocantins  (I.  Pae 
Lourenco,  I.  Pirunum,  Arumatheua),  Maraj6,  Mexiana,  Arumanduba,  Erere", 
Rio  Jamunda  (Faro);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  259, 
1916 — Ciudad  Bolivar,  San  Feliz  River,  Altagracia,  Orinoco;  CHUBB,  Birds 
Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  98,  1921 — Upper  Takutu  Mts.,  Bartica,  Bonasica,  Abary 
River,  Anarica  River,  Annai,  Brit.  Guiana. 

Synallaxis  ruficauda  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit. 
Guiana,  3,  p.  689,  1848 — Canuku  Mts.;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw, 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  121,  1859 — part,  Forte  do  Rio  Branco;  idem,  Orn. 
Bras.,  i,  p.  37,  1868 — part,  Forte  do  Rio  Branco;  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad, 
p.  155,  1866 — Trinidad. 

Leptoxyura  cinnamomea  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  574 — 
Mexiana  and  Rio  Tocantins. 

Synallaxis  cinnamomea  cinnamomea  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  120,  132,  1912 — Mexiana;  Cachoueira,  Maraj6; 
BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  66,  1918 — vicinity  of 
Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

"Le  Cinnamon"  AUDEBERT  and  VIEILLOT,  Ois.  Bore's,  2,  p.  96,  pi.  62,  "1802" 
(figure  of  type  in  British  Museum). 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela  (Orinoco 
Valley);  Trinidad;  northern  Brazil,  south  to  the  north  bank  and  the 
islands  in  the  delta  of  the  Amazon  (Mexiana,  Maraj6)a. 

4:    British  Guiana  (Georgetown  2,  unspecified  2). 

*Certhiaxis   cinnamomea   fuscifrons    (Madardsz)b.      DUSKY-FRONTED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  fuscifrons  MADARASZ,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  21,  p.  22,  1913 — Aracataca, 
Santa  Marta  district,  Colombia  (type  examined). 

Leptoxyura  cinnamomea  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1869,  p.  252 — Plain  of  Valencia,  Venezuela;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  331 — 
Paturia,  Magdalena. 

Synallaxis  cinnamomea  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  13 — part,  Bogota  and 
Venezuela  [  =  Plain  of  Valencia];  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  158, 
1900 — Cienaga,  Colombia. 

a  Birds  from  the  Tocantins  and  near  Para  (Quati-puru)  referred  here  by  Sneth- 
lage  may  belong  to  C.  c.  russeola.  No  material  is  available. 

b  Certhiaxis  cinnamomea  fuscifrons  (MADARASZ)  :  Differs  by  brighter  rufous 
upper  parts  and  dusky  olive  gray  forehead.  Wing  58-62. 

Besides  the  specimens  listed  above,  the  type  and  four  more  "Bogota"  skins  have 
been  examined. 


ii4  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Synattaxis  cinnamomea  fuscifrons  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  405, 
1917 — Bagado,  Rio  Atrato;  La  Playa,  Calamar. 

Leptoxyura  cinnamomea  fuscifrons  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
14,  p.  291,  1922 — Fundaci6n,  Trojas  de  Cataca. 

Range:  Northern  Colombia  (Atrato  River;  Magadelena  Valley,  up 
toLakePaturia;  "  Bogota"-collections)  and  northwestern  Venezuela  (in 
states  of  Zulia  and  Aragua). 

ii :  Colombia  (Bogota  i);  Venezuela  (Zulia,  Encontrados  4,  Cata- 
tumbo  River  3,  Rio  Aurare  i ;  Aragua,  Maracay  i,  Lake  Valencia  i). 

"Certhiaxis   cinnamomea   russeola    ( Vieillof).     SOUTHERN   YELLOW- 
THROATED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Sylvia  russeola  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  xx,  p.  217,  1817 — 
based  on  Azara  No.  233,  Paraguay. 

Synallaxis  ruficauda  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  32,  p.  310, 
1819 — "Bre'sil"  (the  type  examined  in  Paris  Museum  was  obtained  by  Dela- 
lande,  Jr.,  at  Rio  de  Janeiro);  SPIX,  Av.  Spec.  Nov.,  i,  p.  84,  pi.  85,  fig.  2, 
1824 — part,  "female,"  Rio  de  Janeiro  (spec,  examined);  LAFRESNAYE  and 
D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  22,  1837 — Corrientes  (spec, 
examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  240,  1839 — Corrientes; 
PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  121,  1859 
— part,  Sapitiba,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Ypanema  (soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras., 
*t  P-  37»  1868 — part,  same  localities;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist. 
Foren.,  1870,  p.  381 — Lagoa  Santa  (Minas  Geraes)  and  Buenos  Aires. 

SpTienura  mentalis  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  42,  1823 — 
Bahia. 

Synallaxis  caudacutus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  692,  1831 — Cabo 
Frio  (near  Rio  de  Janeiro),  Coral  de  Battuba  and  Muribecca,  Rio  Itabapuana 
(Espirito  Santo)  (nesting  habits). 

Synattaxis  cinnamomea  cearensis  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 
i,  p.  340,  1916 — Jua,  near  Iguatu,  Ceard. 

Synallaxis  martinsi  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  73,  p.  268,  1925 — Monduby, 
Ceara  (=juv.). 

Synallaxis  mentalis  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  41,  1856 — Novo 
Friburgo  (Rio)  and  Lagoa  Santa  (Minas);  EULER,  Journ.  Orn.,  15,  p.  400, 
1867  (nest  descr.). 

Synattaxis  cinnamomea  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  13 — 
part,  Ceard  and  Bahia;  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  346 — Pernambuco;  BERLEPSCH, 
Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  15,  1887 — Lambare",  Paraguay  (crit.);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  244,  1889  (note  on  Wied's  type);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  50,  1890 — part,  spec,  e-r,  Pernambuco,  Bahia,  Pelotas  (Rio 
Grande  do  Sul),  Corumba  (Matto  Grosso),  Bolivia;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH, 
The  Humming  Bhd,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  131 
— Fortin  Page,  lower  Pilcomayo;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  112, 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  115 

1893 — Corumba,  Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 
16,  p.  128,  1899 — Pedras  Brancas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  idem,  Rev.  Paul.,  3, 
p.  222,  1899 — Piquete  and  Cachoeira,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4, 
P-  157,  JQ00 — Cantagallo  and  Novo  Friburgo;  EULER,  I.e.,  p.  60,  243,  1900 
(nest);  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Akv  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  69,  1910 — 
Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife  (Pernambuco) ;  Joazeiro  and  Santa  Rita,  Rio  Preto 
(Bahia),  Parnagua  (Piauhy),  S.  Quiteria,  Rio  Parnahyba  (Maranhao); 
GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  129 — Colonia  Risso,  Paraguay. 

Synallaxis  cinnamomea  russeola  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  72,  1906 — Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Corrientjes  (crit.);  HELL- 
MAYR, Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  630,  1906 — part,  "fe- 
male" of  Spix  (crit.);  IHERING,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i,  p.  232,  1907 — Ypiranga, 
Itatiba,  and  Bauni,  Sao  Paulo;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  211, 
1909 — San  Vicente  and  Pindo,  Chaco  Argentine;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  526 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  256,  1921 — Corrientes; 
SERI£  and  SMYTH,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  47,  1920 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios. 

Certhiaxis  ?  ruseola  (sic)  BERTONI,  Anal.  Cient.  Parag.,  (2)  No.  3,  p.  240,  1918 
—Sao  Paulo  (crit.). 

Synallaxis  cinnamomea  subsp.  russeola  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  24,  1909 — 
San  Vicente,  Prov.  Santa  F£;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  295, 
1910 — Pindo  and  San  Vicente,  Chaco. 

Range:  Brazil,  from  Maranhao,  Piauhy,  and  Ceara  to  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul  and  Matto  Grosso;  Paraguay,  and  northeastern  Argentina  (in 
provinces  of  Santa  Fe",  Corrientes,  and  Entrerios) a. 

8:  Argentina  (Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  Fe  2);  Brazil  (Rio  de  Jan- 
eiro i;  Bahia  i;  Ceara,  Quixada  i,  Jua,  near  Iguatu  i;  Maranhao, 
Tury-assti  i ;  Piauhy,  Ibiapaba  i). 

Certhiaxis  mustelioa  (Sclater)b.    FOXY  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  mustelina  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  14 — Rio  Madeira  and 
Pebas,  Peru  (the  type  examined  in  the  Vienna  Museum  is  from  the  Rio 
Madeira,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Marmellos) ;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p. 
127, 1884 — Ucayali,  Pebas,  Peru ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  51, 1890 — 
Sarayacu  and  Pebas,  Peru;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  p.  26,  1891 — San- 

8  While  birds  from  southern  Brazil  (Rio,  Sao  Paulo,  Matto  Grosso,  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul),  Paraguay,  and  Argentina  are  fairly  distinguishable  by  duller  upper  parts 
and  paler  (grayish  buff)  flanks,  those  from  Bahia  and  northwards  are  more  or  less 
intermediate,  some  being  hardly  different  from  typical  cinnamomea.  The  dusky 
terminal  area  of  the  middle  rectrices  is  a  variable  feature,  being  present  in  many, 
though  by  no  means  in  all  of  the  specimens,  while  it  evidently  never  occurs  in  the 
northern  races. 

b  Certhiaxis  mustelina  (SCLATER)  agrees  with  C.  cinnamomea  in  general  form, 
but  differs  by  longer  bill,  bright  foxy-red  upper  parts  (strongly  contrasted  with  the 
Isabella  color  of  the  rump),  conspicuous  black  loral  streak,  and  pure  white  lower 
surface,  without  t^ace  of  a  yellow  gular  patch.  Wing  57-61;  tail  56-61;  bill  15-17. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  Madeira  3,  Teff6  i,  Santarem  i,  unspeci- 
fied i.  Peru:  Sarayacu  i,  Ucayali  2,  Pebas  3. 


n6  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

tarem;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  73, 
1906 — Pebas  and  Sarayacu,  Peru  (crit.);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  13, 
1908 — Monte  Verde,  Rio  Punis,  and  Monte  Alegre;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
14,  p.  52,  1907 — Teffe,  Rio  Solimoes  (crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  318,  1910 — Rio 
Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  323,  1914 — Monte  Alegre  and 
Rio  Punis. 

SynaUaxis  ruficauda  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SPIX,  Av.  Spec.  Nov.,  i,  p.  84,  1824 — 
part,  descr.  of  "male"  (spec,  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

SynaUaxis  cinnamomea  (not  Certhia  cinnamomea  GMELIN)  PELZELN,  Sitzungs- 
ber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  121,  1859 — Rio  Madeira,  below 
the  Rio  Marmellos  (soft  parts)  ;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  37,  1868 — same 
locality. 

Leptoxyura  cinnamomea  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  184 — 
Upper  Ucayali;  idem,  l.c.,  1867,  p.  978 — Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  269 — 
Upper  Ucayali,  Pebas,  Peru. 

SynaUaxis  cinnamomea  russeola  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  630,  1976 — part,  No.  i  ("male"  of  Spix). 

SynaUaxis  frenata  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  523,  1906 — Monte  Alegre. 
SynaUaxis  mustelina  frenata  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  233,  1907 — Santarem. 

Range:  Banks  of  the  Amazon  and  its  affluents  in  northern  Brazil 
(Monte  Alegre;  Santarem;  Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes;  Rio  Madeira)  and  east- 
ern Peru  (Pebas,  Rio  Marafion;  Sarayacu,  Rio  Ucayali). 


Genus  CRANIOLEUCA  Reichenbach". 

Cranioleuca  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Sittinae,  p.  167,  1853 — type  by 
monotypy  SynaUaxis  albiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

Acrorchilus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  71,  1909 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  SynaUaxis  erythrops  SCLATER. 

Cranioleuca  albiceps  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny).    CINNAMON-CAPPED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

SynaUaxis  albiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  23,  1837 — Sicasica,  Bolivia  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am£r.  mend.,  Ois.  p.  241,  pi.  16,  fig.  2,  1839 — Capinata, 
Prov.  Sicasica,  Bolivia;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  21 — Bolivia; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  P-  621 — Sicasica;  Tilotilo,  Yungas  of  La  Paz. 

Siptornis  albiceps  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  64,  1890 — Tilotilo,  Bolivia; 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist.  Autun,  19,  p.  79,  1906 — Sica- 
sica; HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  259,  1921 — Sicasica,  Bolivia. 

a  Cranioleuca  and  Acrorchilus  are  absolutely  identical  in  structural  characters, 
allowing  the  usual  amount  of  variation  in  thickness  of  bill. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  117 

Range:  Andes  of  Bolivia  (Tilotilo,  Yungas  of  La  Paz;  Capinata, 
Prov.  Sicasica;  Incachaca,  Dept.  Cochabamba)a. 

Cranioleuca  albicapilla  albicapilla  (Cabanis)*.     BUFF-CAPPED  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  albicapilla  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  319,  1873 — Maraynioc,  Dept. 
Junin,  Peru;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  22 — Maraynioc;  TACZANOWSKI. 
I.e.,  p.  527 — Maraynioc;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  136,  1884 — part,  Maraynioc. 

Siptornis  albicapilla  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  374 — • 
Pariayacu,  Junin. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  central  Peru  (Maraynioc,  Pariayacu, 
Dept.  Junin). 

Cranioleuca   albicapilla    albigula    Zimmer0.     ZIMMER'S  BUFF-CAPPED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Cranioleuca  albicapilla  albigula  ZIMMER,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Zool.  Ser., 
12,  p.  56,  April  1924 — Matchu  Picchu  (Cedrobamba),  Urubamba  Valley, 
Peru  (type  examined). 

Synallaxis  albicapilla  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1874,  p.  678,  679 — Ccachupata,  near  Cuzco;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2, 
p.  136,  1884 — part,  Ccachupata. 

Siptornis  albicapilla  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  64,  1890 — Paucartambo, 
Ccachupata,  near  Cuzco;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  83,  1921 — 
Cedrobamba. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  southeastern  Peru  (Matchu  Picchu, 
Ccachupata,  Paucartambo,  Dept.  Cuzco). 

*Cranioleuca  baroni  baroni  (Salvin)d.    BARON'S  SPINE-TAIL.     (PI.  4). 

Siptornis  baroni  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  14,  1895 — Huamachuco  and  Caja- 
bamba,  Peru  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

a  Seven  specimens  from  the  Bolivian  Andes  examined. 

b  Cranioleuca  albicapilla,  although  allied  to  C.  albiceps,  is  quite  distinct  by 
reason  of  its  larger  size,  especially  much  longer  tail,  and  totally  different  coloration. 
Four  specimens  from  Junin  examined. 

0  Cranioleuca  albicapilla  albigula  ZIMMER:  Nearly  allied  to  C.  a.  albicapilla, 
but  crown  deeper,  light  pinkish  cinnamon  rather  than  buff;  back  brownish  olive 
instead  of  olivaceous  gray;  rump  much  more  fulvous  (about  Buckthorn  brown); 
light  throat  area  snowy  white  and  more  extensive,  involving  also  the  foreneck;  re- 
mainder of  under  parts  decidedly  buffy  brown  instead  of  grayish  buff.  Wing  (adult 
male)  77;  tail  87;  bill  15. 

d  Cranioleuca  baroni  baroni  (SALVIN)  :  Allied  to  C.  albicapilla,  but  with  much 
longer  wings,  much  longer,  above  blackish  brown  bill,  and  with  crown  feathers  less 
elongated  and  more  rounded  at  the  tip.  Besides,  it  differs  widely  in  coloration  having 
the  crown  and  nape  dark  hazel ;  the  back  mouse  gray ;  the  primary-coverts  and  remiges 
broadly  edged  with  dark  hazel;  the  superciliaries,  cheeks  and  malar  region  pure 


n8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range :  Temperate  Zone  of  the  upper  Maranon  Valley,  in  depts.  of 
Cajamarca  (Cajabamba,  Huamachuco)  and  Huanuco  (Cullcui). 

i:    Peru  (Cullcui,  Dept.  Hudnuco). 

*Cranioleuca  baroni  capitalis  Zimmer*.    TAWNY-CAPPED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Cranioleuca  baroni  capitalis  ZIMMER,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Zool.  Ser., 
12,  p.  54,  April  1924 — La  Quinua,  Huanuco,  Peru. 

Range:    Temperate  Zone  of  central  Peru  (Dept.  Huanuco). 

7:  Peru,  Dept.  Huanuco  (La  Quinua  4,  Huanuco  Mts.  i,  Panao 
Mts.  2). 

Cranioleuca  antisiensis  antisiensis  (Sclater).    ERASER'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  antisiensis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  457,  1858 — Cuenca,  east 
side  of  watershed,  Ecuador;  idem,  l.c.f  1874,  p.  18 — Cuenca  (type  in  British 
Museum  examined). 

Siptornis  antisiensis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  59,  1890 — part,  spec,  a, 
Cuenca. 

Siptornis  antisiensis  antisiensis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  14,  1923 — 
above  Zaruma,  Alamor,  Celica,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Andes  of  southern  Ecuador,  in  provinces  of  El  Oro  (above 
Zaruma),  Azuay  (Cuenca),  and  Loja  (Celica,  Alamor) b. 

*Cranioleuca  antisiensis  palamblae  (Chapman)'.     PALAMBLA  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Siptornis  antisiensis  palamblae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  13,  Aug. 
J923 — Palambla,  west  slope  of  western  Andes,  Dept.  Piura,  Peru  (type 
examined). 

Synallaxis  antisiensis  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  230 — Tambillo;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  200 — Cutervo;  idem,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2, 
p.  133,  1884 — Tambillo,  Paucal,  Peru. 

white  instead  of  buff;  the  auriculars  blackish,  with  but  narrow  whitish  streaks,  etc. 
Wing  (two  males)  82,  84;  tail  87,  89;  bill  18. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   Huamachuco  (the  type)  i,  Cullcui  i. 

•  Cranioleuca  baroni  capitalis  ZIMMER:  Differs  from  C.  b.  baroni  by  much  paler 
(tawny  instead  of  dark  hazel)  crown;  somewhat  paler  rufous  wings;  by  having  dis- 
tinct white  central  spots  to  the  feathers  on  sides  of  neck  and  breast,  and  the  abdo- 
men decidedly  darker  gray.  The  central  rectrices  frequently  have  a  more  or  less 
distinct  dusky  terminal  spot.  Size  about  the  same  (wing  79-82). 

b  Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Cuenca  (the  type)  i ;  El  Oro,  above  Zaruma  4; 
Prov.  Loja,  Celica  3,  Alamor  7,  all,  except  the  type,  in  collection  of  American  Mus- 
eum of  Natural  History,  New  York. 

0  Cranioleuca  antisiensis  palamblae  (CHAPMAN)  :  Differs  from  C.  a.  antisiensis  by 
paler,  grayish  olive  rather  than  olivaceous  brown  back;  broader,  almost  pure  white 
(instead  of  buff)  superciliaries;  perceptibly  paler,  more  grayish  buff  underparts, 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  119 

Siptornis  cisandina  ?,  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  453,  1918 — Huancabamba, 
Dept.  Piura  (spec,  examined). 

Cranioleuca  antisiensis  cisandina  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  32,  p.  156,  1919  (characters  taken  from  Utcubamba  specimen  in 
Field  Museum). 

Range:  Northern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Piura  (Palambla,  Huanca- 
bamba), Cajamarca  (Tambillo,  Cutervo,  Paucal),  Amazonas  (Rio 
Utcubamba,  near  Chachapoyas),  and  San  Martin  (valley  of 
Huayabamba) . 

i :    Peru  (Rio  Utcubamba  i). 
Cranioleuca  cisandina  (Taczanowski}*.    Cis ANDEAN  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  cisandina  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  25 — Chirimoto  and 
Huambo,  valley  of  Huayabamba,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  133,  1884 — 
same  localities). 

Synallaxis  subandina  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  Tables,  p.  48,  1886. 

Range:  Northern  Peru  (valley  of  Huayabamba,  Dept.  San 
Martin).  ^ 

with  the  flanks  and  tail-coverts  less  fulvescent;  by  lacking  the  rufous  streaks  on 
the  auriculars.  Wing  60-66;  tail  60-72;  bill  13.5-14. 

An  adult  male  from  Huancabamba  (east  slope  of  western  Cordillera)  agrees  in 
size  and  coloration  with  five  Palambla  specimens,  but  approaches  C.  a.  antisiensis 
in  more  brownish  upper  parts,  while  the  slightly  darker  rufous  of  the  head  is  re- 
stricted to  forehead  and  crown  (wing  68.5;  tail  72;  bill  15).  An  (apparently  some- 
what immature)  female  from  Rio  Utcubamba,  s.w.  of  Chachapoyas  (west  slope  of 
central  Cordillera)  resembles  the  Palambla  series  above  and  below,  escept  for  slightly 
deeper  rufous  pileum,  wings,  and  tail,  and  rather  larger  size  (wing  71.5;  tail  81 ;  bill 
14.5).  A  similar,  but  smaller  (wing  67;  tail  76;  bill  14)  example  (c?  ad.)  is  in  the 
British  Museum.  It  was  obtained  by  O.  T.  Baron  on  September  22,  1894,  a*  Huaya- 
bamba (east  side  of  central  Cordillera).  While  more  material  from  the  central  Cor- 
dillera is  urgently  desired,  there  can  be  no  question  that  these  birds  are  quite  dis- 
tinct from  S.  curtata  which  has  no  trace  of  a  buff y  or  white  superciliary  streak.  Nor 
do  they  correspond  to  Taczanowski's  description  of  S.  cisandina  although  the  type, 
like  Baron's  specimen,  came  from  the  valley  of  Huayabamba. 

Material  examined. — Piura:  Palambla  5,  Huancabamba  3;  Amazonas,  Rio  Utcu- 
bamba i;  San  Martin,  Huayabamba  i. 

*  Cranioleuca  cisandina  (TACZANOWSKI)  :  Described  as  being  intermediate  be- 
tween C.  antisiensis  (viz.  palamblae,  from  Tambillo,  east  side  of  western  Cordillera) 
and  C.  curtata  (from  San  Bartolome,  probably  =  C.  c.  debilis),  but  nearer  the  latter. 
Said  to  differ  from  C.  a.  palamblae  by  smaller  size,  less  grayish  back,  darker  under 
parts,  less  conspicuous  superciliary  streak,  and  deeper  rufous  crown,  wings,  and 
tail ;  from  C.  curtata  by  the  last  named  character,  less  ruf escent  back,  and  by  lacking 
the  grayish  forehead.  Taczanowski's  somewhat  ambiguous  description  ("sourcil 
gris  blanchatre  ou  cendre'  pale  assez  large  derriere  1'oeil  et  a  peine  distinct  sur  le 
devant")  does  not  fit  either  Baron's  Huayabamba  bird,  mentioned  above,  with  long 
pure  white  eyebrows,  or  the  members  of  the  curtata  group,  in  which  the  super- 
ciliary region  is  grayish  or  brownish  olive.  The  measurements  (wing  70  (male),  65 
(female) ;  tail  71,  70)  agree  fairly  well  with  those  of  C.  curtata  griseipectus  CHAPMAN. 
For  the  present,  I  am  unable  to  make  out  whether  C.  cisandina  belongs  with  the 
C.  antisiensis  or  C.  curtata  group. 


120  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cranioleuca  furcata  (Taczanowski}*.    FORK-TAILED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  furcata  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  25 — Chirimoto,  valley 
of  Huayabamba,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  134,  1884 — Chirimoto. 

Range:    Northern  Peru  (valley  of  Huayabamba,  Dept.  San  Martin). 

Cranioleuca  hellmayri  (Bangs)*.    HELLMAYR'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  hellmayri  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  20,  p.  55,  1907 — Paramo  de 
Macotama,  Sierra  of  Santa  Marta. 

Synallaxis  antisiensis  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  170 — 
Santa  Marta  region  (spec,  examined). 

Siptornis  antisiensis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  59,  1890 — part,  spec,  b, 
"Santa  Marta";  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  p.  99,  1899 — Santa  Cruz, 
Paramo  de  Macotama,  and  Paramo  de  Chiriqua;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  13,  p.  158,  1900 — Valparaiso. 

Acrorchilus  hellmayri  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  288, 
1922 — San  Lorenzo,  Cincinnati,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta,  Las  Vegas, 
Cerro  de  Caracas. 

Range:    Santa  Marta  Mountains  in  northern  Colombia. 

*Cranioleuca  subcristata  (Sclater)0.    CRESTED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  subcristata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  20,  pi.  4,  fig.  i — Caracas 
(type  examined). 

Synallaxis  inornata  (not  of  PELZELN  1856)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1868,  p.  167 — Caracas. 

B  Cranioleuca  furcata  (TACZANOWSKI)  :  Similar  to  C.  antisiensis  palamblae,  but 
under  parts,  sides  of  head,  and  superciliaries  bright  ochraceous;  under  wing-coverts 
much  deeper  ochraceous;  back  olivaceous  instead  of  grayish.  Wing  (adult  female)  69; 
tail  65.  (Translated  from  the  French  original.)  This  species  is  unknown  to  me. 

b  Cranioleuca  hellmayri  (BANGS):  Similar  to  C.  a.  antisiensis  in  possessing  dis- 
tinct, though  more  purely  white  superciliaries;  but  pileum  streaked  with  black; 
auriculars  buff,  edged  with  dusky;  under  parts  paler  and  more  grayish;  tertials 
tinged  with  olivaceous.  Wing  (male)  66-69;  (female)  63-65;  tail  67-75;  bill  13-14. — 
Probably  a  race  of  C.  antisiensis. 

Material  examined. — San  Lorenzo  3,  Cerro  de  Caracas,  Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa 
Marta  i,  Cincinnati  3,  unspecified  i. 

0  Cranioleuca  subcristata  (SCLATER):  Very  nearly  related  to  C.  hellmayri,  but 
without  any  rufous  on  the  head,  the  pileum  and  crest  being  grayish  brown  (more 
buffy  on  forehead),  streaked  with  dusky;  buffy  superciliary  streak  barely  suggested; 
auriculars  paler,  without  dusky  streaks;  back  more  grayish  olive;  wings  and  tail 
lighter  cinnamon  rufous;  bill  slenderer  and  paler  horn  brown.  Wing  (male)  64-67, 
(female)  59-63;  tail  63-75;  bill  12.5-14. 

There  is  much  individual  variation  in  the  amount  of  dusky  streaking  on  crown, 
buffy  suffusion  on  forehead,  and  coloring  of  back.  An  adult  from  the  hinterland  of 
Cumand  (Los  Palmales)  differs  from  the  other  specimens  by  almost  unstreaked  gray- 
ish brown  pileum,  while  two  "Bogotd"  skins  are  somewhat  darker  brownish  under- 
neath. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Bermudez:  Los  Palmales  i,  Quebrada  Secca  i- 
Dept.  Federal  Occidental:  Caracas  7,  Silla  de  Caracas  4,  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  5. 
Lara:  Lagunita  de  Aroa  i.  Colombia:  "Bogotd"  2. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  121 

Siptornis  subcristata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  62,  pi.  4,  1890 — Caracas; 
PHELPS  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  369,  1897 — Caripe",  Bermudez; 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  78,  1906 — 
Caracas. 

Range:  North  coast  mountains  of  Venezuela,  in  states  of  Ber- 
mudez (Caripe,  Los  Palmales,  Quebrada  Secca),  Dept.  Federal  Occi- 
dental (Caracas;  Silla  de  Caracas;  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila),  and  Lara 
(Lagunita  de  Aroa),  and  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (native  "Bogota"- 
col  lections). 

4:    Venezuela  (Caracas  4). 

Cranioleuca  curtate*  curtate  (Sclater).    BOGOTA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  curtata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  636,  pi.  49,  fig.  i — Bogota; 
idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  19 — part,  descr.  and  hab.  Bogota. 

Siptornis  curtata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  59,  1890 — Bogota. 

Siptornis  antisiensis  (not  of  SCLATER)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36, 
p.  406, 1917 — part,  Fusugasugd  and  El  Roble,  eastern  Andes  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (Bogota.  Fusugasugd,  El 
Roble)  b. 

Cranioleuca  curtata  griseipectus  Chapman0.    GRAY-BREASTED  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Cranioleuca  curtata  griseipectus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Nov.,  123,  p.  8,  1924 — 
below  Oyacachi,  Ecuador  (type  examined). 

Synallaxis  curtata  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1885,  p.  95 — Mapoto  and  Machay,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Siptornis  antisiensis  (not  of  SCLATER)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36, 
p.  406,  1917 — part,  La  Candela  (spec,  examined). 

a  Cranioleuca  curtata,  while  not  unlike  C.  antisiensis,  is  readily  distinguished  by 
lacking  the  white  superciliaries  and  the  conspicuous  buffy  white  loral  spot;  by  rufes- 
cent  olive  brown  (instead  of  bright  cinnamon  rufous)  tertials  and  outer  web  of  secon- 
daries; brighter  and  more  rufescent  olive  brown  upper  parts,  with  rufous  of  crown 
more  restricted;  darker,  more  olivaceous  auriculars;  buffy  brown  under  parts;  much 
less  extensive,  dingy  grayish  white  throat  area;  blackish  brown  maxilla. 

b  Material  examined. — Bogota  3,  Fusugasugd  i,  El  Roble  i. 

0  Cranioleuca  curtata  griseipectus  CHAPMAN:  Similar  to  C.  c.  curtata,  but  crown, 
tail,  and  wings  externally  darker,  chestnut  rather  than  Sanford's  brown;  back 
darker  brown;  under  parts  on  average  darker  grayish.  Wing  69-71;  tail  71-76; 
bill  I3-5-I4- 

The  grayish  brown  suffusion  on  the  forehead  is  as  variable  a  character  as  in 
C.  c.  curtata.  Some  specimens  have  a  distinct  frontal  band,  contrasting  with  the 
chestnut  crown,  while  in  others  there  is  just  a  faint  suggestion  of  gray  at  the  extreme 
base  of  some  of  the  feathers. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  La  Candela,  Huila  i.  Ecuador:  Machay  i, 
below  Oyacachi  2,  Zamora  i. 


122  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range :  Subtropical  Zone  of  eastern  Ecuador  (below  Oyacachi,  Rio 
Sardinas,  San  Jose"  de  Sumarco,  Zamora,  Mapoto,  Machay),  extending 
northwards  to  the  head  of  the  Magdalena,  Colombia  (La  Candela). 

Cranioleuca  curtata  debilis   (Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann)*.     SLENDER- 
BILLED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  curtata  debilis  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  115,  1906 — 
Escopal,  Marcapata,  Peru  (type  in  Branicki  Museum,  Warsaw  examined). 

(?)  Synallaxis  curtata  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  527 — San  Bartolome",  Dept.  Junin;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  p.  19 — part,  spec,  from 
"near  Tarma"  [  =  S.  Bartolome'];  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  135,  1884 — 
San  Bartolome'. 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru  (Marcapata,  Dept.  Cuzco),  probably 
extending  north  to  Junin  (San  Bartolome') b,  and  adjoining  parts  of 
Bolivia. 

Cranioleuca  erythrops  erythrops  (Sclater)0.    RED-FACED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  erythrops  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  66,  1860 — Pallatanga,  Ecua- 
dor; idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  19 — part,  Pallatanga,  "Loxa,"  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH 
and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  560 — Cayandeled;  idem,  I.e.,  1884,  298 — 
Cayandeled  and  Pedregal;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  60 — Intac,  Gualea, 
and  San  Nicolas. 

Siptornis  erythrops  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  60,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-e, 
Pallatanga,  Nanegal,  "vicinity  of  Quito";  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  21,  1899 — Gualea;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv. 
g£ogr.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  B  41,  1911 — Mindo  and  Gualea. 

Range:  Western  Ecuador  (Pallatanga,  Cayandeled,  Pedregal,  In- 
tac, Mindo,  Nanegal,  San  Nicolas). 

Cranioleuca    erythrops    griseigularis    (Ridgway)*.      GRAY-THROATED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Acrorchilus  erythrops  griseigularis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  72, 
1909 — San  Antonio,  Rio  Cali,  Colombia. 

•  Cranioleuca  curtata  debilis  (BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN)  :  Differs  from  the 
Machay  example  of  C.  c.  griseipectus  with  which  it  was  directly  compared  by  much 
smaller,  slenderer  bill;  lighter  and  more  rufescent  back;  much  clearer  rufous  crown, 
wings  and  tail.  Wing  (adult  male)  66;  tail  68.5;  bill  12.5. 

b  The  bird  from  San  Bartolome"  is  more  likely  to  be  referable  to  C.  c.  debilis 
than  to  C.  c.  griseipectus. 

0  C.  e.  erythrops,  of  which  eight  specimens  from  various  localities  have  been  exam- 
ined, is  nearly  allied  to,  and  possibly  conspecific  with  C.  curtata. 

d  Cranioleuca  erythrops  griseigularis  (RIDGWAY):  Similar  to  C.  e.  erythrops,  but 
foreneck  and  breast  mouse  gray  instead  of  buffy  brown,  and  median  rectrices  brighter 
cinnamon  rufous.  Wing  68-69;  tail  62-65;  bill  12.5-13. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:   Pueblo  Rico  i,  Siat6  i,  Loma  Hermosa  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  123 

Synallaxis  erythrops  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  521 — Frontino. 

Siptornis  erythrops  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  60,  1890 — part,  spec,  f, 
Frontino. 

Siptornis  erythrops  griseigularis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1149 — Loma 
Hermosa,  Rio  Jamaraya,  Siat6  and  Pueblo  Rico  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  407,  1917 — San  Antonio,  Gallera  and  Ricaurte. 

Range:    Western  Andes  of  Colombia. 

*Cranioleuca   erythrops  rufigenis    (Lawrence}.     LAWRENCE'S   SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  rufigenis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  105,  1868 — 
Costa  Rica  (=juv.);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  19 — Costa  Rica. 

Synallaxis  erythrops  (not  of  SCLATER)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y., 
9,  p.  105,  1868 — Barranca,  Dota  Mts.,  and  Birris,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1870,  p.  191 — Volcan  de  Chiriqui  (crit.);  BOUCARD,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  59 — 
Volcan  de  Irazu  and  Navarro,  Costa  Rica. 

Siptornis  erythrops  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  60,  1890 — part,  spec,  g-m, 
Volcan  of  Chiriqui,  Irazu,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  151,  pi.  45,  fig.  i,  1891 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  Chiriqui; 
FERRY,  Field  Mus.  N.  H.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  270,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa 
Rica. 

Siptornis  rufigenis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  60,  1890 — Costa  Rica; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  152,  pi.  45,  fig.  2, 
1891 — Costa  Rica  (=juv.);  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  43,  1902 
— Boquete  and  Volcan  de  Chiriqui  (crit.). 

Acrorchilus  erythrops  rufigenis  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  636,  1910 — 
Costa  Rica  (habits);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  184, 
1911 — Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.). 

Range:    Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui). 

4:  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  i,  Juan  Vifias  i,  unspecified  i);  Panama 
(Boquete,  Chiriqui  i). 

Cranioleuca  pallida  (Wiedy.    WIED'S  RUFOUS-CAPPED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  pallidus  WIED,  Butr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  690,  1831 — "Campos 
Geraes,"  southern  Minas  Geraes.  Brazil. 

Synallaxis  pallida  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  41,  1856 — Novo 
Friburgo;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  122, 
1859 — Ypanema  (soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  38,  1868 — Ypanema; 

*  I  am  quite  unable  to  recognize  this  bird  in  Azara's  No.  240,  the  basis  of  Sylvia 
ruficollis  of  VIEILLOT  (Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  II,  p.  266,  1817).  Apart 
from  other  discrepancies,  Azara's  bird  is  described  as  having  the  four  central  rec- 
trices  blackish  brown  while  in  C.  pallida  the  tail  is  uniform  cinnamon  rufous. 


124  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  382 — Novo  Friburgo 
(Rio),  Mugy  das  Cruzes  (Sao  Paulo);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  18 — 
Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.f  2,  p.244,  1889  (note  on  type); 
MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  p.  182,  1905  — 
Caminho  de  Couto,  Itatiaya,  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Siptornis  pallida  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  59,  1890 — Rio  de  Janeiro, 
"Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul";  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  223,  1899 — 
Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Novo  Friburgo;  HELLMAYR,  Verh. 
Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  p.  141,  1915 — Braco  do  Sul,  Espirito  Santo. 

Cranioleuca  pallida  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  235,  1907 — Victoria  de 
Botucatu,  Villa  Emma,  and  Campos  de  Jordao  (Sao  Paulo),  Marianna 
(Minas  Geraes). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo  and  southern 
Minas  Geraes  (Marianna)  to  Sao  Pauloft. 

Cranioleuca  vulpina  vulpina  (Pelzeln)b.    RUSTY-BACKED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  vulpina  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
20  (i),  p.  162,  1856 — Brazil;  idem,  I.e.,  34,  p.  122,  1859 — Rio  Claro  and 
Guardamor  (Goyaz),  Engenho  do  Gama,  Villa  Maria  [  =  San  Luis  de  Caceres], 
and  [Villa  Bella  de]  Matto  Grosso  (Matto  Grosso),  Rio  Madeira0  (spec,  exam- 
ined); idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  37,  1868 — same  localities;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1874,  p.  14 — part,  Matto  Grosso  and  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  52,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso; 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  506,  1908 — Ilha  Goyana,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem, 
I.e.,  p.  529,  1908 — Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins  (spec,  examined). 

Siptornis  vulpina  vulpina  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  75,  1906 — part,  spec,  c,  Brazil  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
15,  p.  61,  1908 — Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  319,  1910 — Calama, 
Rio  Madeira  (crit.). 

Cranioleuca  vulpina  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  .Braz.,  i,  p.  234,  1907 — Barretos,  Rio 
Grande,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined). 

Siptornis  vulpina  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  129 — opposite  Rabicho,  near  Corumba, 
Matto  Grosso;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  325,  1914 — Rio  Tocan- 
tins (Arumatheua),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Goyana). 

•  Six  specimens  (Espirito  Santo  2,  Rio  i,  Sao  Paulo  3)  examined.  Koslowsky's 
record  of  Siptornis  pallida  (Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  282,  1895)  from  Chilecito, 
La  Rioja,  unquestionably  refers  to  some  other  species. 

b  Cranioleuca  vulpina  vulpina  (PELZELN)  is  nearly  related  to  C.  pallida,  but^  dif- 
fers by  less  conspicuous  superciliaries;  absence  of  grayish  forehead;  rufous  b'ack, 
tertials,  and  outer  webs  of  remiges,  etc.  Birds  from  the  Tapaj6z  (Goyana)  are  iden- 
tical with  those  from  Matto  Grosso,  Sap  Paulo,  Goyaz  and  Calama.  A  single  male 
from  the  Tocantins  (Arumatheua),  by  its  paler,  buffy  brown  rump,  slightly  points 
to  C.  v.  reiseri. 

Material  examined. — Matto  Grosso:  Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio  Guapor£  i,  Villa 
Maria  i,  Descalvados  3,  San  Lorenzo  River  i,  Cuyabd  i.  Sao  Paulo:  Barretos,  Rio 
Grande  2.  Goyaz:  Guardamor  i,  Rio  Araguaya  i.  Rio  Madeira,  Calama  3;  Rio 
Tapaj6z,  Goyana  2;  Rio  Tocantins,  Arumatheua  i. 

0  We  designate  Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio  Guapore',  Matto  Grosso  as  type  locality. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  125 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tocan- 
tins  to  the  Rio  Madeira,  south  to  Goyaz  (Rio  Araguaya,  Rio  Claro, 
Guardamor),  Matto  Grosso,  and  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Barretos,  Rio 
Grande). 

Cranioleuca  vulpina  reiseri  (Reichenberger)*.    REISER'S  RUSTY-BACKED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  vulpina  reiseri  REICHENBERGER,  Anzeiger  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  6,  p.  43, 
June  1922 — Riacho  da  Raiz,  below  Uniao,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy  (type 
examined). 

Synallaxis  vulpina  (not  of  PELZELN)  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  69,  1910 — Island  near  Sambaiba,  Rio  Sao  Francisco,  and 
opposite  Faz.  Ingazeira,  Rio  Preto  (Bahia),  Parnagud  and  Riacho  da  Raiz, 
near  Uniao,  Rio  Parnahyba  (Piauhy)  (spec,  examined). 

Cranioleuca  vulpina  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9,  p.  476,  1914 — Cidade  da 
Barra,  Bahia  (nest  and  eggs  descr.)  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  (Rio  Sao  Francisco)  and 
Piauhy  (Rio  Parnahyba;  Parnagud). 

Cranioleuca  vulpina  alopecias  (Pelzeln)b.    NORTHERN  RUSTY-BACKED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  alopecias  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  101,  122,  1859 — Rio  Branco  (types  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i, 
p.  37,  1868 — Forte  do  Sao  Joaquim,  Rio  Branco. 

Synallaxis  vulpina  alopecias  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  59, 
1902 — Altagracia,  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Caicara,  Maipures,  R.  Orinoco  (spec, 
examined). 

Siptornis  vulpina  alopecias  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  76,  1906 — Upper  Sarare,  Venezuela  (crit.);  CHERRIE,  Mus. 

•  Cranioleuca  vulpina  reiseri  (REICHENBERGER)  :  Similar  to  C,  v.  vulpina,  but 
crown  and  mantle  much  lighter,  tawny  or  cinnamon  rufous  rather  than  hazel;  wings 
and  tail  likewise  paler;  rump  more  fulvous  or  buffy;  under  parts  buff,  instead  of 
grayish  or  wood  brown;  throat  hardly  paler  than  the  rest;  cheeks  and  malar  region 
bright  buff  instead  of  white;  under  wing-coverts  paler  ochraceous.  Wing  65-71; 
tail  62-66;  bill  12-13.5. 

Material  examined. — Bahia:  Near  Sambaiba  i,  Cidade  da  Barra  2,  Rio  Preto  i. 
Piauhy:  Parnagud  2,  Riacho  da  Raiz,  below  Uniao  i. 

b  Cranioleuca  vulpina  alopecias  (PELZELN)  :  Nearest  to  C.  v.  vulpina,  but  upper 
back  more  or  less  suffused  with  brownish  (male)  or  entirely  brown  (female),  con- 
trasting with  hazel  crown;  rump  and  lower  parts  darker,  more  tinged  with  ochra- 
ceous brown. 

Birds  from  Venezuela  (Orinoco  Valley)  agree  well  with  the  types.  Three  from 
the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon,  in  color  of  back,  closely  approach  C.  v.  vulpina. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Forte  do  Rio  Branco  (the  types)  2,  Monte  Alegre 
2,  Rio  Maecuru  i.  Venezuela,  Rio  Orinoco:  Altagracia  9,  Ciudad  Bolivar  2,  Caicara 
4;  upper  Sarare  i. 


i26  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  260,  1916 — from  Ciudad  Bolivar  to  beyond  the 
falls^ofjMaipures,  R.  Orinoco  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Acrorchilus  alopecias  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  65,  p.  202,  1913 — Manimo 
River,  Orinoco  Delta. 

Siptornis  vulpina*  (not  of  PELZELN)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  325, 
1914 — part,  Monte  Alegre  and  Rio  Maecuru  (spec,  examined). 

Siptornis  hyposticta  (not  of  PELZELN)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  524,  1906 — 
Monte  Alegre  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  north  of  the  Amazon  (Monte  Alegre,  Rio 
Maecuru,  Rio  Branco),  and  Venezuela  (Orinoco  valley  from  the  delta 
to  beyond  the  falls  of  Maipures ;  upper  Sarare) . 

Cranioleuca    vulpina    vulpecula    (Sclater    and    Salvin)*.      PERUVIAN 
RUSTY-BACKED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  vulpecula  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  184 — Rio 
Ucayali,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  269 — Rio  Ucayali. 

Synallaxis  vulpina  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  *4 — part, 
"Upper  Amazonia"  =  eastern  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pei.,  2,  p.  128,  1884 
— Ucayali,  Iquitos,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  52,  1890 — part, 
spec,  b-m,  Iquitos,  Lower  and  Upper  Ucayali,  Peru. 

Siptornis  vulpina  vulpina  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  75,  1906 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  d,  Pebas,  Nauta,  Peru. 

Siptornis  vulpina  alopecias  (not  of  PELZELN)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  13, 
1908 — Cachoeira,  Bom  Lugar,  and  Monte  Verde,  Rio  Purus  (spec,  examined) ; 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  325,  1914 — same  localities. 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (Rio  Ucayali;  Pebas,  Iquitos,  and  Nauta, 
Rio  Marafion)  and  western  Brazil  (Rio  Purds). 

*Cranioleuca  semicinerea  (Reichenbach)b.    PALE-HEADED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Leptoxyura  semicinerea  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae,  A,  Sit- 
tinae,  p.  170,  pi.  DXXI,  fig.  3610,  Aug.  1853 — Brazil,  we  suggest  Bahia. 

8  Cranioleuca  vulpina  vulpecula  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  :  This  insufficiently  known 
form  appears  to  be  intermediate  between  vulpina  and  alopecias,  some  specimens 
being  hardly  distinguishable  from  the  latter,  while  others  come  very  near  to  vulpina. 
A  male  from  Iquitos  has  a  very  long  bill,  but  examples  from  Nauta  and  Pebas  do 
not  differ  in  this  respect  from  alopecias.  I  have  not  seen  any  material  from  the 
type  locality  (Ucayali).  Four  specimens  from  the  Purus  are  inseparable  from  those 
taken  at  Nauta. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Iquitos  i,  Pebas  2,  Nauta  2.  Brazil,  Rio  Purus: 
Bom  Lugar  2,  Monte  Verde  i,  Cachoeira  i. 

b  This  singular  species  which  cannot  be  confused  with  any  other  had  been  re- 
ferred to  the  genus  Synallaxis,  but  despite  Sclater's  contrary  assertion  all  of  the 
specimens  examined  possess  twelve  rectrices.  In  structural  details  it  agrees 
well  with  C.  subcristata  and  also  shows  some  analogy  in  coloration.  Its  proper  place 
is  no  doubt  in  Cranioleuca. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  127 

Synallaxis  caniceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  98,  Aug.  1856 — "Brazil" 
=  Bahia. 

Synallaxis  semicinerea  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  I2 — Bahia,  Brazil,  and 
"Valle  Grande,  Bolivia"  (errore);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  620 — 
"Valle  Grande,  Bolivia,"  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  49,  1890 — 
Bahia  and  "Bolivia";  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  71,  1906  (record  from  "Valle  Grande,  Bolivia"  shown  to  be 
erroneous);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  232,  1907 — Bahia. 

Synallaxis  semicinerea  pallidiceps  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  275,  1919 — Serra  Baturite1, 
Ceara. 

Range:    Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  and  Cearaa. 
2:    Brazil,  Ceard  (Serra  Baturite"  2). 


Cranioleuca  obsolete  (Reichenbach}b.    RED-TAILED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Leptoxyura  obsoleta  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae,  A,  Sittinae, 
p.  171,  pi.  DXLIV,  fig.  3715.  Aug.  1853 — Brazil  (type  now  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined). 

Synallaxis  fitis  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34, 
p.  123,  March  1859 — Curytiba,  Parand  (types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined); 
idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  38,  1868 — Curytiba. 

Synallaxis  ruticilla  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  27,  Aug.  1859 — 
"Buenos  Ayres,"  errore  (type  examined);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  21 — "Montevideo"  and  Curytiba;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges. 
Orn.,  2,  p.  144,  1885 — Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul. 

Synallaxis  obsoleta  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  42,  1856  (ex 
REICHENBACH). 

Siptornis  ruticilla  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  62,  1890 — Brazil;  IHERING, 
Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  129,  1899 — Mundo  Novo;  idem,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  352,  1905 — ItararS,  Sao  Paulo;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i, 
p.  265,  1919 — Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones. 

Cranioleuca  ruticilla  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  235,  1907 — Itarar^  and 
Campos  de  Jordao  (Sao  Paulo),  Marianna  (Minas). 

Acrorchilus  ruticillus  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  52,  1914 — Puerto  Bertoni, 
Paraguay. 

8  I  do  not  see  any  difference  between  four  Bahia  skins  and  five  from  Ceara. 
Regardless  of  locality,  the  tone  of  the  crown  and  under  parts  is  subject  to  much 
individual  variation. 

b  Cranioleuca  obsoleta  (REICHENBACH)  :  In  general  form  not  unlike  C.  pallida, 
but  with  decidedly  slenderer  bill;  crown  grayish  olive  brown  like  the  back,  not 
rufous;  forehead  streaked  with  buffy  and  dusky  brown;  under  parts  much  paler, 
with  suggestion  of  a  pale  yellowish  patch  on  lower  throat.  Wing  55-60;  tail  60-64; 
bill  13-14. 

Material  examined. — Parana:  Curytiba  2.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul:  Taquara  i. 
"Brazil"  (type  of  L.  obsoleta)  i.  "Montevideo"  (type  of  S.  ruticilla)  i. 


128  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

•  Siptornis  obsolete  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  15,  p.  141,  1915  (crit.,  diag., 
range);  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  33,  1921 — 
Affonso  Penna  and  Antonio  Olyntho,  Parana. 

Asthenes  ruticilla  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  640,  1924 — 
"Buenos  Aires"  (errore). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Sao  Paulo  to  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  according  to  Ihering  also  in  States  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Campos 
de  Jordao)  and  southern  Minas  Geraes  (Marianna) ;  northeastern  Argen- 
tina (Misiones),  and  adjacent  parts  of  Paraguay  (Puerto  Bertoni)». 

*Cranioleuca   pyrrhophia    pyrrhophia    (Vieillot).      STRIPED-CROWNED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Dendrocopus  pyrrhophius  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  26,  p.  118, 
1818 — based  on  Azara  No.  245,  "Paraguay,"  we  suggest  Corrientes,  Argentina. 

Dendrocolaptes  superciliosus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the 
years  1818-19,  P-  2°4»  J82o — based  on  Azara  No.  245,  Paraguay. 

Synallaxis  striaticeps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 

7,  cl.  2,  p.  22,  1837 — part,  Corrientes  (spec,  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage 
AmeY.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  241,  1839 — part,  Corrientes;  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn., 

8,  p.  250,  1860 — Rio  Quinto;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  469,  1861 — Rio 
Quinto  and  Parand;  STERNBERG,  Journ.  Orn.,  17,  p.  266,  1869 — Tablada 
Vieja,  near  Buenos  Aires  (nest  descr.);  HUDSON,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872,  p.  544 — 
Rio  Negro;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  2I — Argentina  and  Uruguay;  DOERING, 
Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  253,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes;  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1880,  p.  358 — Salta;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  i,  p.  47,  1881 — 
between  the  Rio  Colorado  and  the  Rio  Negro;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn. 
Cl.,  8,  p.  208,  1883 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay,  Entrerios  (spec,  examined); 
WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  39 — Cosquin,  Cordoba;  DALGLEISH,  Proc. 
Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edin.,  8,  p.  80,  1884 — Tala,  south  bank  of  Rio  Negro,  Prov. 
Durazno,  Uruguay  (eggs  descr.);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  182, 
1888 — part,  Argentina,  Uruguay;  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  P-  l&2 — Santa  Elena, 
Uruguay. 

PUeocryptes  striaticeps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  633 — Conchi- 
tas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Siptornis  striaticeps  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  63,  1890 — part,  spec, 
a-h,  k,  1,  Rio  Negro,  Conchitas,  Mendoza,  Cosquin  (Cordoba),  Salta,  Pay- 
sandu  (Uruguay);  KERR.Ibis,  1892,  p.  132 — FortinDonovan,lowerPilcomayo; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  18,  1897 — Tala,  Salta; 
LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p-454 — Tolomosa,  near  Tarija,  Bolivia;  LILLO,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  190,  1902 — Tapia,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc. 
soc.,  3,  p.  52,  1905 — Tapia;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — 
Salta;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  330,  1914  (range  in  Argentina). 

aThe  localities  "Buenos  Aires"  and  "Montevideo,"  attached  to  the  originals 
of  S.  ruticilla  are  no  doubt  erroneous,  as  in  the  case  of  several  other  species  described 
from  Sellow's  expedition. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  129 

Synallaxis  heterocerca  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  22,  1890 — 
Cosquin,  Cordoba  (type  examined). 

Siptornis  striaticeps  striaticeps  (errore)  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc. 
Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  78,  1906 — Corrientes;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov. 
Zool.,  16,  p.  212,  1909 — Arenal  and  Metan  (Salta),  Rio  Sao  Francisco  (Jujuy) 
(spec,  examined). 

Cranioleuca  striaticeps  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  296,  1910 — 
Rio  Negro,  Cordoba,  Tucuman,  Salta,  Chaco,  Santiago  del  Estero,  Buenos 
Aires,  Entrerios. 

Cranioleuca  heterocerca  DABBENE,  I.e.,  p.  296,  1910 — Cosquin,  Cordoba. 

Siptornis  striaticeps  heterocerca  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  212, 
1909 — Cosquin  (Cordoba),  La  Soledad  (Entrerios),  Ceres  and  -Mocovi, 
(Santa  F6),  Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires)  (spec,  examined). 

Cranioleuca  striaticeps  striaticeps  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  32,  1916 — 
Precordillera  of  Mendoza. 

Siptornis  pyrrhophius  pyrrhophius  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  256,  1921 — 
Argentina  (crit.,  range);  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  73,  1923 — La  Rioja. 

Asthenes  striaticeps  heterocerca  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Rio 
Negro  and  Paysandii,  Uruguay. 

Siptornis  pyrrhophius  SERI£  and  SMYTH,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  48,  1923 — Santa 
Elena,  Entrerios. 

Asthenes  pyrrhophius  pyrrhophius  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  641,  1924 — Barracas  al  Sud,  Buenos  Aires. 

Range :  Argentina  (from  the  Rio  Negro  northward) ;  Uruguay  and 
southeastern  Bolivia  (Dept.  Tarija;  Guanacos  district,  s.  section  of 
Dept.  Santa  Cruz)a. 

i:    Argentina  (Tucuman  i). 

*Cranioleuca    pyrrhophia    striaticeps    (Lafresnaye    and    D'Orbigny)*. 
BOLIVIAN  STRIPED-CROWNED  SPINE-TAIL. 

a  Birds  from  eastern  Argentina  (Entrerios,  Buenos  Aires,  Santa  Fe")  and  Cordoba, 
as  a  rule,  have  the  two  median  rectrices  for  the  greater  part  dusky,  and  the  flanks 
grayish  brown  or  pale  grayish,  while  the  edges  to  the  secondaries  are  light  earthy 
brown  like  the  back.  Two  specimens,  one  from  Corrientes  (D'Orbigny)  and 
another  from  Mocovi  (Santa  F6),  however,  have  the  tail  uniform  cinnamon  rufous. 
In  examples  from  northwestern  Argentina  (Tucuman,  Salta,  Jujuy)  the  dusky  color 
of  the  median  rectrices  is  generally  restricted  to  the  apical  third  of  the  inner  web, 
though  there  is  considerable  variation.  Some  have,  besides,  the  back  tinged  with 
fulvous  and  the  upper  tail-coverts  partly  rufous,  thus  closely  approaching  striaticeps. 
A  single  female  from  Guanacos  (Prov.  Cordillera,  Bolivia)  is  clearly  referable  to 
pyrrhophia,  and  not  to  striaticeps, 

Material  examined. — Uruguay  4;  Argentina:  Corrientes  i;  Entrerios,  Concepcion 
del  Uruguay  i,  La  Soledad  2;  Buenos  Aires  3;  Cordoba,  Cosquin  5;  Santa  F6, 
Ocampo  2,  Mocovi  2,  Ceres  2,  Rio  Negro  2 ;  Rio  Pilcomayo  i ;  Mendoza  i ;  Tucumdn, 
Tucuman  2,  Tapia  3,  Norco  2;  Salta,  Tala  6,  Metan  2,  Arenal  i;  Jujuy,  Rio  San 
Francisco  2.  Bolivia:  Guanacos  i. 

b  Cranioleuca  pyrrhophia  striaticeps  (LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  :  Similar  to 
C.  p.  pyrrhophia,  but  back  more  brownish  and  rump  decidedly  fulvous;  tail  including 


130  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Synallaxis  striaticeps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  22,  1837 — part,  "Cochabamba"  =  Valle  Grande  (lectotype  in  Paris 
Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  me>id.,  Ois.,  p.  241,  pi.  16, 
fig.  i,  1839 — part,  Cochabamba  and  Valle  Grande,  Bolivia. 

Siptornis  striaticeps  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  63,  1890 — part,  spec,  i,  j, 
Bolivia  (spec,  examined). 

Siptornis  striaticeps  rufipennis  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  78,  1906 — Valle  Grande  (crit.). 

Siptornis  pyrrhophius  striaticeps  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  256,  1921 — 
Valle  Grande,  Tilotilo,  Samaipata,  Trigal,  Chuquisaca,  Bolivia  (crit.). 

Range:  Andes  of  central  Bolivia  (in  Dept.  Cochabamba  and 
western  sections  of  Santa  Cruz  and  Chuquisaca) . 

i:    Bolivia  (Parotani,  Prov.  Cochabamba  i). 

Cranioleuca  pyrrhophia  rufipennis   (Sclater  and  Salvin)*.     BUCKLEY'S 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  rufipennis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  620 — Tilotilo, 
Bolivia  (types  examined). 

Siptornis  rufipennis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  63,  1890 — Tilotilo. 
Range:    Andes  of  western  Bolivia  (Tilotilo,  Dept.  La  Paz.). 

*Cranioleuca  sulphurifera   (Burmeister) .     SULPHUR-THROATED  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  sulphurifera  BURMEISTER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  636 — near  Buenos 
Aires;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  632 — Conchitas;  HUDSON  and 
SCLATER,  I.e.,  1872,  p.  544,  548 — Rio  Negro;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  24 — 
Buenos  Aires  and  Rio  Negro;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  180 — Buenos  Aires; 
idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  61 — Belgrano  (nest  descr.);  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn. 
Cl.,  8,  p.  208,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg. 
Orn.,  i,  p.  185,  1888  (habits);  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  411 — Cape  San  Antonio, 
Buenos  Aires. 

Siptornis  sulphurifera  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  69,  1890 — Belgrano, 
Punta  Lara,  Buenos  Aires,  Rio  Negro;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 

upper  coverts  wholly  cinnamon  rufous;  edges  to  secondaries  rather  more  rufescent; 
flanks  more  buffy  brown. 

In  my  review  of  D'Orbigny's  types  (Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  257-8)  I  have  explained 
the  reasons  for  restricting  the  term  striaticeps  to  the  Bolivian  race. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Dept.  Santa  Cruz,  Valle  Grande  i,  Trigal  i, 
Samaipata  i;  Cochabamba,  Parotani  2;  Chuquisaca,  Sucre  i. 

a  Cranioleuca  pyrrhophia  rufipennis  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  :  Differs  from  C.  p. 
striaticeps  by  deeper  pinkish  buff,  more  extensively  streaked  pileum,  more  fulvous 
brown  back,  as  well  as  deep  cinnamon  rufous  tertials  and  outer  webs  of  inner  sec- 
ondaries. Wing  (two  adults,  the  types)  66,  71;  tail  74,  75;  bill  15,  16. 

Recent  comparison  in  the  British  Museum  shows  the  West  Bolivian  form  to  be 
undoubtedly  separable  from  striaticeps  of  Central  Bolivia. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  131 

16,  p.  214,  1909 — Barracas  al  Sud,  Buenos  Aires;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  150 — 

Los  Ynglases,  Aj6,  Buenos  Aires  (juv.  descr.). 
Cranioleuca  sulphurifera  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  299,  1910 

— Rio  Negro,  Buenos  Aires,  Entrerios. 
Asthenes  sulphurifera  L^AGUERRE,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas,  Prov. 

Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  641,  1924 — 

Barracas  al  Sud,  Buenos  Aires. 

Range:  Eastern  Argentina,  from  the  Rio  Negro  north  to  Buenos 
Aires  and  Entrerios  (Concepcion  del  Uruguay). 

2:    Argentina  (Avellaneda,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  2). 

"Cranioleuca   gutturata    (Lafresnaye   and   D'Orbigny).     D'ORBIGNY'S 

SPINE-TAIL. 

Anabates  gutturatus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8, 
cl.  2,  p.  14,  1838 — Yuracares,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  62,  1858 — Rio  Napo,  Ecuador. 

Synallaxis  hyposticta  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  102,  123,  1859 — Rio  Negro,  opposite  Boavista  (type  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  38,  1868 — Boavista;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1874,  p.  20,  pi.  4,  fig.  2  (fig.  of  type) — Rio  Negro,  Pebas  (Peru), 
Yuracares  (Bolivia);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  620 — Yuracares; 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  26 — Yurimaguas,  Peru;  BARTLETT,  I.e.,  p.  373 — 
Elvira,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  136,  1884 — Yurimaguas,  Sara- 
yacu  (Ecuador). 

Siptornis  hyposticta  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  61,  1890 — Pebas,  Elvira 
and  Samiria  (Peru),  Sarayacu  (Ecuador),  Bogota  (Colombia);  BERLEPSCH 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  60, 1902 — Munduapo  and  Nericagua  (R.  Orin- 
oco), La  Pricion  (R.  Caura),  Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  435,  1905 — Rio  Jurua;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  13, 
1908 — Cachoeira,  Rio  Purus;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  506,  1908 — Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapa- 
j6z;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  261,  1916 — Munduapo, 
Nericagua,  La  Union,  La  Pricion,  Venezuela. 

Siptornis  gutturata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  76,  1906 — Yuracares  (Bolivia)  and  Ecuador  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  14,  p.  364,  1907 — Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  145, 
1908 — Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  17,  p.  320, 
1910 — Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  526,  1913 — 
part,  Tapaj6z  and  Tocantins;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  325,  1914 — 
Rio  Tocantins  (I.  Pirunum),  Tapaj6z  (Villa  Braga),  Purus  (Cachoeira); 
HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  73,  1920 — San  Gaban,  Sierra 
of  Carabaya,  Peru. 

Cranioleuca  gutturata  IHERING,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i,  p.  235,  1907 — Rio  Jurua. 

Synallaxis  peruviana  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  274,  1919 — Moyobamba,  Peru  (=juv.). 

Range:  Northern  Bolivia  (Yuracares);  eastern  Peru  (from  Dept. 
Loreto  south  to  Amazonian  slope  of  Sierra  de  Carabaya);  northern 
Brazil  (southerly  tributaries  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tocantins  west 


132  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

to  the  Peruvian  border ;  Rio  Negro) ;  French  Guiana  (Rio  Approuague) ; 
southern  Venezuela  (Orinoco-Caura  basin) ;  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo, 
Sarayacu)  and  Colombia  (native  "Bogota"-collections)a. 

i:    Peru  (Moyobamba  i). 

Cranioleuca  mulleri  (Hellmayr}b.    MULLER'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  mulleri  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  2,  No.  21,  p.  i,  1911 — Fazenda 
Nazareth,  Mexiana  Isl.,  Brazil;  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.Wiss., 
26,  No.  2,  p.  112,  120,  1912 — Isl.  Mexiana  and  Monte  Alegre  (Curaxy), 
Brazil;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  325,  1914 — Monte  Alegre,  Obidos, 
Rio  Jamunda  (Faro);  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  526,  1913 — same  localities. 

Range:    Northern  Brazil,  Island  of  Mexiana,  and  north  bank  of 
lower  Amazon  (Monte  Alegre,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda). 


Genus  SIPTORNOPSIS  Cory. 

Siptornopsis  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.   150,   1919 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Siptornis  hypochondriacus  SALVIN. 

Siptornopsis  hypochondriaca  (Salmri)A.    SALVIN'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  hypochondriacus  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  14,  1895 — Malea  (  =  Malca) 
and  Cajabamba,  Dept.  Cajamarca,  Peru  (type  examined). 

Range:    Northern  Peru,  in  Dept.  Cajamarca  (Malca,  Cajabamba). 

"Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Yuracares  (the  type)  i.  Peru:  Moyobamba  i, 
San  Gaban,  Sierra  of  Carabaya  i.  Ecuador:  Sarayacu  3.  Colombia:  "Bogota"  2. 
Venezuela,  Rio  Orinoco:  Munduapo  i,  Nericagua  i,  La  Pricion,  Caura  River  5. 
French  Guiana:  Ipousin  i.  Brazil:  Boavista,  Rio  Negro  i;  Rio  Madeira,  Humay- 
tha  i,  Calama  i. 

b  Cranioleuca  mulleri  (HELLMAYR)  :  Nearest  to,  and  agreeing  with  C.  gutturata 
in  strong,  elongated  bill  and  coloration  of  wings  and  tail;  but  easily  distinguished 
by  lacking  the  pale  yellow  chin  spot;  by  much  darker  grayish  or  brownish  olive 
(instead  of  buff)  under  parts  with  quite  different  markings,  each  feather  having  a 
dingy  whitish  subterminal  band  and  a  narrow  dark  brown  apical  margin,  both 
becoming  evanescent  abdominally,  while  the  throat  is  whitish,  edged  with  dusky 
brown;  less  spotted  forehead;  much  darker,  more  rufescent  back,  etc.  Wing  65-74; 
tail  63-73;  bill  15-16. 

Material  examined. — Isl.  Mexiana,  Fazenda  Nazareth  8,  Monte  Alegre  i. 

0  Siptornopsis  resembles  Cranioleuca  in  having  twelve  rectrices,  but  differs  by  its 
much  more  elongated  tail  which  is  about  \y£  times  as  long  as  wing. 

d  Siptornopsis  hypochondriaca  (SALVIN)  :  In  general  aspect  like  a  gigantic  edi- 
tion of  Synallaxis  stictothorax,  but  without  black  and  white  streaks  on  the  forehead, 
and  without  rufous  in  the  tail;  superciliaries  unstreaked  white;  dark  gray  markings 
underneath  much  larger  and  chiefly  confined  to  sides  of  breast  and  neck;  flanks  not 
washed  with  fulvous;  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  hardly  different  from  color  of 
back,  etc.  Wing  (one  male)  68.5;  tail  95;  bill  17.5. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   Malca  (the  type)  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  133 

Genus  ASTHENES  Reichenbach". 

Asthenes  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae,  A,  Sittinae,  p.   168, 
1853 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY,  1855,  p.  27)  Synallaxis  sordida  LESSON. 

Pseudosiptornis  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  150,  1919 — type  Siptornis 
ottonis  BERLEPSCH. 

Siptornoides  CORY,  I.e.,  p.  150,  1919 — type  Synallaxis  flammulata  JARDINE. 
Eusiptornoides  CORY,  I.e.,  p.  150,  1919 — type  Synallaxis  anthoides  KING. 

Asthenes   pyrrholeuca   pyrrholeuca    ( Vieillot)*.     FULVOUS-THROATED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Sylvia  pyrrholeuca  VIEILLOT",  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.   6d.,  n,  p.  277, 
1817 — based  on  Azara  No.  231,  Paraguay. 

Synallaxis  sordida  (not  of  LESSON)  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1893,  p.  487 — Santa  Elena, 
Entrerios  (spec,  examined). 

Siptornis  sordida  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  129 — Villa  Oliva,  Paraguay. 
Asthenes  sordida  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  52,  1914 — Paraguay. 

Asthenes  sordida  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  641,  1924 — 
part,  Entrerios. 

Range:  Northeastern  Argentina  (prov.  of  Santa  Fe  and  Entrerios), 
and  Paraguay. 

a  This  genus  comprises  a  rather  heterogeneous  assemblage  of  species,  exceedingly 
variable  in  shape  of  bill,  proportion  of  tail,  form  of  rectrices  and  length  of  hind  claw. 
In  fact,  hardly  two  species  are  identical  in  structural  details.  While  certain  forms  come 
very  close  to  Cranioleuca,  others  are  remarkable  for  their  broad,  bluntly  rounded 
tail  feathers,  recalling  Poecilurus  TODD,  which,  however,  has  only  ten  rectrices.  In 
the  sections  Siptornoides  and  Eusiptornoides  of  Cory,  on  the  other  hand,  the  tail 
feathers  are  decidedly  attenuated  or  acuminate  terminally.  Similarly,  the  bill  is 
subject  to  much  variation,  and  although  there  seems  to  be  a  wide  gap  between  the 
stout,  short,  strongly  curved  bill  of  A.  patagonica  and  the  slender,  almost  straight 
bill  of  A.  pyrrholeuca,  yet  A.  baeri  occupies  an  intermediate  position.  While  the 
arrangement  as  here  presented  is  far  from  satisfactory,  I  must  leave  the  treatment 
of  the  genus  to  some  one  who  has  more  time  than  I  have  been  allowed  to  devote  to 
this  complicated  subject. 

b  Asthenes  pyrrholeuca  pyrrholeuca  (VIEILLOT):  Nearest  to  A.  p.  sordida,  from 
Chile,  but  upper  parts  very  much  deeper  and  more  rufescent  brown  (about  Brussels 
brown,  darkening  to  raw  umber  on  crown) ;  foreneck  and  chest  more  strongly  shaded 
with  brownish;  flanks  and  under  tail-coverts  brighter  fulvous.  Wing  (two  adult 
females)  60-64;  tail  82-88;  bill  12-12.5. 

The  only  specimens  I  have  seen  of  this  form  are  an  adult  female  obtained  by 
Capt.  T.  J.  Page  in  May  1860  at  Santa  F<§,  Parana  (U.  S.  Nat.  Museum  No.  20995) 
and  three  skins,  9  ad.,  o71  juv.,  9  juv.,  secured  by  A.  Holland  at  Santa  Elena,  En- 
trerios, in  the  British  Museum.  They  are  much  darker  above  and  below  than  A.  p. 
flavogularis,  of  Patagonia,  and  closely  approach  the  Chilean  race. 

0  Azara's  account,  the  basis  of  Vieillot's  name,  unquestionably  refers  to  the  pres- 
ent bird,  and  not  to  A.  baeri,  which  is  likewise  found  in  the  region  explored  by  the 
Spanish  naturalist.  Azara  not  only  insists  upon  the  large  rufous  patch  at  the  base 
of  the  remiges  and  the  straight,  compressed  bill,  two  of  the  most  striking  characters 
of  the  sordida  group,  but  also  gives  a  very  accurate  description  of  the  tail,  stating 


134  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
Asthenes  pyrrholeuca  flavogularis  (Gould}*.    GOULD'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  flavogularis  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  78,  pi.  24,  1839 — 
Bahia  Blanca  (Prov.  Buenos  Aires)  and  Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia  (type  ex- 
amined). 

Synallaxis  brunnea  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  78,  1839 — Port  Desire, 
Patagonia  (type  in  British  Museum  examined;  =  pullus). 

Synallaxis  sordida  (not  of  LESSON)  HUDSON  and  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872, 
P-  543,  548 — Rio  Negro,  part;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  23 — part,  Conchitas, 
Rio  Negro,  Port  Desire,  Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  35 
— Chubut;  idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  396 — Chubut;  WITHINGTON,  I.e.,  1888,  p.  467 — 
Lomas  de  Zamora,  B.  Aires;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,p.  184, 1888 — 
part;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  68,  1890 — part,  spec,  i,  k,  m-q, 
Buenos  Aires,  Rio  Negro,  Patagonia;  BURMEISTER,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
3.  P-  31?,  1890 — Rio  Chico  del  Chubut;  ARRIBALZAGA,  I.e.,  8,  p.  164,  1902 — 
Lago  General  Paz,  Chubut. 

Synallaxis  flavigularis  DOERING,  Inf.  ofic.  Exped.  Rio  Negro,  i,  Zool.,  p.  45, 
1881 — part,  Rio  Colorado  and  Rio  Negro,  as  far  up  as  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Neuquen  (crit.). 

Cranioleuca  sordida  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  298,  1910 — 
part,  Buenos  Aires,  Patagonia. 

Siptornis  sordida  flavigularis  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  213, 
1909 — Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires)  and  Valle  del  Lago  Blanco,  Chubut 
(spec,  examined);  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  317,  1923 — Huanu- 
luan  and  Maquinchao,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined). 

Asthenes  sordida  flavigularis  PEREYRA,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  167,  1923 — Zelaya, 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Range :    Patagonia,  from  Buenos  Aires  south  to  Santa  Cruz. 


Asthenes  pyrrholeuca  affinis  (Berlepsck)b.    TUCUMAN  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  sordida  affinis  BERLEPSCH,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  16,  p.  98,  1906 — Los 
Vasquez,  Tucuman  (type  examined);  idem,  Ornis,  14,  p.  364,  1907 — same 
locality;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  212, 1909 — Tucuman  and  La 

that  the  median  rectrices  exceed  the  lateral  ones  by  twenty-one  French  lines  ( =  about 
45  mm.).  This  agrees  exactly  with  the  proportions  of  A.  pyrrholeuca  and  allies,  while 
in  A.  baeri  the  distance  between  the  longest  and  shortest  rectrices  is  much  less, 
being  not  more  than  22  to  28  mm. 

*  Asthenes  pyrrholeuca  flavogularis  (GOULD):  Similar  to  A.  p.  sordida,  but  upper 
parts  much  paler,  grayish  or  hair  brown  rather  than  deep  earthy  brown;  under  sur- 
face of  body  likewise  paler,  with  the  abdomen  more  whitish ;  gular  spot  on  average 
larger  and  darker.  Wing  59-64;  tail  78-87;  bill  11-12.5. 

Material  examined. — Buenos  Aires:  Conchitas  i,  Barracas  al  Sud  i ;  Rio  Negro  i, 
Maquinchao  4,  Huanuluan  14;  Chubut  3,  Valle  del  Lago  Blanco  5;  Port  Desire  i, 
Santa  Cruz  i. 

b  Asthenes  pyrrholeuca  affinis  (BERLEPSCH):  Closely  similar  to  A.  p.  flavogularis, 
but  decidedly  darker  brown  above,  though  not  so  deeply  colored  as  A.  p.  sordida; 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  135 

Rioja  (Chilecito)  (spec,  examined);  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  I,  p.  150,  1918 — 
Chacras  Coria,  Mendoza;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  73,  1923 — La  Rioja. 

Synallaxis  sordida  (not  of  LESSON)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  23 — part, 
Mendoza;  GOSSE  in  Fitzgerald,  The  Highest  Andes,  p.  346,  1899 — Puente  del 
Inca,  Mendoza. 

Synallaxis  flavigularis  (not  of  GOULD)  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  i, 
Zool.,  p.  45,  1881 — part,  Tafi  (Tucuman)  and  (?)  Cordoba  (crit.). 

Siptornis  sordida  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  68,  1890 — part,  spec,  h, 
Mendoza. 

Siptornis  orUgnii  (errore)  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  282,  1895 — 
Chilecito,  La  Rioja  (spec,  now  in  Tring  Museum  examined). 

Siptornis  affinis  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  331,  1914 — Mendoza. 

Range:  Northwestern  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Mendoza,  La 
Rioja,  and  Tucuman. 

*Asthenes  pyrrholeuca  sordida  (Lesson).    CHILEAN  FULVOUS-THROATED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  sordida  LESSON*,  Rev.  Zool.,  2,  p.  105,  1839 — Chile;  GERMAIN,  Proc. 
Boston  Soc.  N.  H.,  7,  p.  310,  1861 — Santiago  (nest  descr.);  PELZELN,  Reise 
Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  59,  1865— Chile;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p. 
324 — Chile. 

Synallaxis  flavogularis  (not  of  GOULD)  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  12,  p.  157,  1844 
—Chile. 

Siptornis  sordida  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  68,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-f, 
Chile. 

Siptornis  sordida  sordida  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  182,  1923 — 
Cordillera  of  Aconcagua;  idem,  1.  c.,  28,  p.  34,  1924 — San  Bernardo;  PETERS, 
Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  317,  1923 — Bariloche,  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi, 
Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined.) 

Range:  Chile,  from  Prov.  Aconcagua  south  to  Llanquihue*  (Rio 
Aysen),  and  eastern  slope  of  the  Andes  in  the  Argentine  Province  ,of 
Rio  Negro  (Lake  Nahuel  Huapi) b. 

under  parts  as  in  flavogularis,  but  gular  spot  more  restricted.  Wing  60-66;  tail 
83-97;  bill  12-13. 

This  is  rather  an  ill-defined  race  of  which  I  should  like  to  see  a  better  series. 
Birds  from  Mendoza  (Tunuyan)  are  somewhat  smaller  than  those  from  Tucuman. 

Material  examined. — Tucuman:  Los  Vasquez  2,  Norco  i.  La  Rioja:  Chilecito  i. 
Mendoza:  Tunuyan  3. 

8  Although  Lesson's  diagnosis  is  hardly  identifiable,  I  follow  general  custom  in 
adopting  his  name  for  the  Chilean  Spine-tail  with  wholly  rufous  lateral  rectrices. 

b  Birds  from  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi  appear  to  be  identical  with  the  Chilean  ones. 
Material  examined. — Chile:    Santiago  2,  Rio  Lolen  4,  Lake  Gualletue"  2,  Rio 
Nireguao  2,  unspecified  4.    Argentina:  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro,  Bariloche  4. 


136  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

8:  Chile  (Prov.  Cautin,  Rio  Lolen,  Lonquimai  Valley  4,  Lake 
Gualletue"  2;  Prov.  Llanquihue,  Rio  Nireguao  2). 

Asthenes  baeri  (Berlepsck)*.    BAER'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  baeri  BHRLEPSCH,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  16,  p.  99,  1906 — Cosquin,  Cor- 
doba (type  examined);  idem,  Ornis,  14,  p.  363,  1907 — Cordoba,  La  Soledad 
(Entrerios)  and  Tucuman;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  213, 
1909 — Cosquin  (Cordoba),  La  Soledad  (Entrerios),  Rio  Santiago  (La  Plata), 
Tapia  (Tucuman),  Valle  de  Lerma  (Salta)  (spec,  examined);  LILLO,  Apunt. 
Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  24,  1909 — Tucuman;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65, 
p.  316,  1923 — Rio  Colorado  (crit.;  spec,  examined);  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero, 
3,  p.  73,  1923 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja. 

Synallaxis  flavogularis  (not  of  GOULD)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  250, 
1860 — Mendoza  (spec,  in  Halle  Museum  examined);  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St., 
2,  p.  468,  1861 — Mendoza. 

Synallaxis  humicola  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  253, 
•  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes. 

Synallaxis  sordida  (not  of  LESSON)  HUDSON  and  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872, 
P-  543t  548 — Rio  Negro,  part;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  i,  Zool., 
p.  44,  1881— Rio  Colorado,  Cordoba,  Tafi  (Tucuman)  (crit.);  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S 
Lond.  1 883, p.  39 — Cosquin,  Cordoba  (spec,  examined);  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  208,  1883 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay,  Entrerios  (spec,  exam- 
ined); GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  281 — Paysandu,  Uruguay. 

Siptornis  sordida  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  68,  1890 — part,  spec,  g,  j, 
1,  r,  Cosquin,  Rio  Negro,  Uruguay  (spec,  examined);  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  223, 
1904 — Santa  Ana,  Tucuman  (spec,  examined). 

Synallaxis  orbignii  (not  of  REICHENBACH)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  358 — Salta  (spec, 
examined). 

Siptornis  orbignii  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  65,  1890 — part,  spec,  c,  f, 
Cosquin  and  Salta  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Argentina,  from  the  Rio  Negro  and  Mendoza  north  to 
Tucuman  and  Salta  in  the  west,  and  Corrientes  and  Entrerios  in  the 
east,  including  the  adjacent  portion  of  Uruguay  (Paysandti)b. 

*" Asthenes  baeri  (BERLEPSCH):  Superficially  resembling  A.  pyrrholeuca,  but  im- 
mediately recognizable  by  much  shorter  and  stouter,  strongly  curved  bill  with  light 
colored  mandible,  and  shorter,  much  less  graduated  tail,  the  distance  between  the 
median  and  outermost  rectrix  not  exceeding  22-28  mm.;  superciliaries  much  broader 
and,  like  sides  of  neck,  conspicuously  grayish;  rufous  wing  band  either  absent  or 
but  faintly  suggested,  very  rarely  so  well  pronounced  as  in  A.  pyrrholeuca;  tail 
feathers  decidedly  narrower,  etc.  Wing  61-66;  tail  67-73;  bill  10-11. 

Material  examined. — Argentina,  Entrerios:  Concepcion  i,  Rio  Uruguay  i,  La 
Soledad  2.  Cordoba:  Cosquin  7.  Mendoza:  near  Mendoza  i.  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro: 
Rio  Negro  2,  Rio  Colorado  3.  Tucuman:  Rio  Sali  2,  Santa  Ana  2.  Salta:  Valle  de 
Lerma  i,  Salta  i. 

b  Although  a  perfectly  distinct  species,  A.  baeri  has  so  variously  been  confused 
by  authors  with  A.  sordida,  A.  pyrrholeuca,  A.  flavogularis,  and  even  A.  d'orbignyi, 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  137 

*Asthenes  pudibunda  (Sclater)*.    FAWN-THROATED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  pudibunda  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  445,  pi.  58,  fig.  i — 
Obraillo,  near  Canta,  Dept.  Lima,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  p.  527 — Obraillo; 
idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  142,  1884 — Obraillo. 

Siptornis  pudibunda  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  67,  1890 — Peru;  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  70,  1906 — Coracora,  Dept.  Ayacucho. 

Siptornis  orbignii  neglecta  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  340, 
1916 — Macate,  Dept.  Ancachs. 

Range:  Western  Cordillera  of  Peru  (in  depts.  of  Ancachs,  Lima, 
and  Ayacucho) . 

5:    Peru  (Matucana,  Dept.  Lima  i;  Macate,  Dept.  Ancachs  4). 

Asthenes  heterura  (Berlepsch)b.    IQUICO  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  heterura  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  49,  p.  93,  1901 — Iquico,  Bolivia. 
Range:    Western  Bolivia  (Iquico,  Illimani,  Dept.  La  Paz). 

Asthenes  ottonis  (Berlepscti)0.    GARLEPP'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  ottonis  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  n,  p.  197,  1901 — Anta,  near  Cuzco,  Peru 

that  it  is  utterly  impossible  to  allocate  many  of  the  earlier  references  without  re- 
examination  of  the  specimens  upon  which  they  were  based. 

Synallaxis  d'orbignii  of  SCLATER  (P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  461 — Cordoba), 
and  LILLO  (Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  190,  1902,  and  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc., 
3,  p.  52,  1905 — Rio  Sali,  Tucuman),  Siptornis  sordida  of  SALVADORI  (Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  19,  1897— Salta),  and  Siptornis  orbignyi  of  MARELLI  (El 
Hornero,  I,  p.  78,  224,  1918-19 — Curuzii-Cuatia,  Corrientes)  are  more  likely  to  be 
referable  to  A .  baeri  than  to  any  other  species. 

M.  LILLO  (Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  52,  1905)  lists  a  supposed  new  species 
Siptornis  leptasthenur  aides  from  Norco,  Tucuman,  stating  that  it  belongs  to  Sclater's 
fourth  section  of  the  genus,  typified  by  S.  sordida,  but  differs  by  its  much  longer 
tail,  composed  of  much  narrower,  acuminate  rectrices.  From  this  insufficient  descrip- 
tion it  is  impossible  to  form  an  opinion  as  to  its  validity,  and  more  information  is 
urgently  desired. 

'•Asthenes  pudibunda,  a  strongly  marked  species,  needs  no  further  comment. 
The  figure  published  by  P.  L.  Sclater  shows  its  characters  very  well. 

I  am  unable  to  separate  S.  o.  neglecta  from  the  Matucana  bird  (almost  topo- 
typical),  though  the  latter,  owing  to  its  worn  plumage,  is  slightly  paler  beneath  with 
the  throat  spot  of  a  clearer  rufous.  In  all  of  our  specimens  the  six  inner  rectrices  are 
more  or  less  edged  with  dusky  on  the  inner  web. 

b  Asthenes  heterura  (BERLEPSCH):  Nearly  allied  to  A.  pudibunda,  but  rectrices 
acuminate  and  acutely  pointed  (instead  of  bluntly  rounded),  and  only  the  four 
inner  ones  dusky  on  inner  web;  under  parts  pale  fulvous,  the  flanks  washed  with 
rufous;  throat  spot  pale  buff,  etc.  Wing  59;  tail  82.5.  (Translated  from  the  German 
original.) 

We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  species. 

0 Asthenes  ottonis  (BERLEPSCH):  A  very  peculiar  species,  perhaps  most  nearly 
related  to  A.  pudibunda,  but  rectrices  much  narrower,  the  middle  pair  much  more 
elongated,  while  only  the  submedian  pair  is  edged  with  dusky  along  the  inner  web; 
forehead  cinnamon  rufous,  with  the  anterior  feathers  somewhat  stiffened;  very  dis- 
tinct superciliary  streak  buff ;  large  gular  spot  ochraceous  or  buff,  passing  into  white 


138  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(type  examined);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  84,  1921 — Huara- 
condo  Canyon  and  Cuzco,  Peru. 

Pseudosiptornis  ottonis  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  153,  1919  (diag.). 

Range:    Southeastern  Peru  (Anta,  Lucre,  Urcos,   Cuzco,   Huara- 
condo^Canyon,  Dept.  Cuzco). 

Asthenes  patagonica  (D'Orbigny)*.    PATAGONIAN  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  patagonica  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  249,  1839 — 
Rio  Negro,  Patagonia  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  HUDSON  and 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872,  p.  544,  548 — Rio  Negro;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874, 
p.  24 — Rio  Negro;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  36 — Chubut;  DOERING,  Inf.  of. 
Exp.  Rio  Negro,  i,  Zool.,  p.  44,  1881 — banks  of  the  Rio  Colorado;  HUDSON, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  285 — Rio  Negro  (habits);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn., 
I,  p.  1 86,  1888 — Patagonia. 

Siptornis  patagonica  SCLATER,  Cat..B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  69,  1890 — Rio  Negro 
and  Chubut;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19, 
p.  80,  1906 — Rio  Negro;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  268,  1921 — Rio  Negro 
(crit.,  range);  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  316,  1923 — San  Antonio, 
Gulf  of  San  Matias,  Gob.  Rio  Negro. 

Cranioleuca  patagonica  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  198,  1910 — 
Rio  Negro  and  Chubut. 

Range:    Argentina,  from  the  Rio  Colorado  south  to  the  Chubut. 

*Asthenes  modesta  australis  subsp.  nov.b.    CHILEAN  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  modesta  (not  of  EYTON)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  324 — Chile; 

at  the  base  of  the  feathers;  foreneck  and  breast  pale  buffy  grayish,  indistinctly 
streaked  with  whitish ;  middle  of  abdomen  white,  flanks  and  under  tail-coverts  bright 
buffy  brown.  Wing  57-59;  tail  93-105;  bill  12-13. 

I  do  not  see  any  practical  purpose  in  the  recognition  of  a  genus  Pseudosiptornis. 
The  only  character  consists  of  the  narrower,  more  elongated  rectrices,  while  in  all 
other  respects  A.  ottonis  agrees  pretty  well  with  A.  pyrrholeuca. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   Anta  2,  Lucre  i,  Urcos  i,  Huaracondo  Canyon  i. 

•  Asthenes  patagonica  is  another  isolated  species,  recognizable  by  its  very  short, 
stout  bill,  proportionately  short  tail  with  some  rufous  only  on  outer  web  of  outermost 
rectrix,  and  black,  white  streaked  gular  spot. 

Material  examined. — Rio  Negro  2,  Puerto  San  Antonio  2,  Rio  Limay  i. 

b  Asthenes  modesta  australis  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Bafios  del  Toro,  alt.  10,600  ft.,  Prov.  Coquimbo,  Chile  in  Field  Mu- 
seum of  Natural  History,  No.  54178.  Adult  male.  November  12,  1923  C.  C. 
Sanborn. 

Similar  to  A.  m.  modesta  (EYTON),  but  smaller;  upper  parts  much  more  grayish 
brown,  wing-coverts  less  washed  with  rufescent,  and  lower  surface  much  paler  and 
less  buffy.  Wing  63-68;  tail  65-71;  bill  14-16. 

Two  specimens  from  near  Domeyko  are  somewhat  paler,  both  above  and  below, 
than  those  from  Coquimbo  and  Santiago.  I  strongly  suspect  that  the  Argentine 
birds  will  ultimately  prove  to  be  separable  on  account  of  their  more  grayish  upper 
and  paler,  less  buffy  under  parts.  Unfortunately,  the  Chilean  series  examined  is 
not  quite  satisfactory,  many  of  the  specimens  being  either  in  very  worn  plumage  or 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  139 

idem  and  HUDSON,  I.e.,  1872,  p.  544,  548 — Rio  Negro,  Patagonia;  SCLATER, 
I.e.,  1874,  p.  23 — Rio  Negro,  Chile*;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  i, 
Zool.,  p.  47,  1881 — Pichi-Mahuida,  Rio  Colorado,  and  Rio  Negro;  SCLATER 
and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  183,  1888 — Patagonia. 

Siptornis  modesta  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  66,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-j, 
Chile,  Mendoza,  Rio  Negro. 

Cranioleuca  modesta  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  298,  1910 — 
Rio  Negro,  Mendoza,  Cordoba;  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  32,  1916 — 
San  Rafael,  Mendoza. 

Siptornis  modesta  hilereti  (not  of  OUSTALET)  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  331, 
1914 — Mendoza;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  150,  1918 — Mendoza. 

Siptornis  modesta  modesta  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  317,  1923 — 
Huanuluan,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat., 
25,  p.  182,  1923 — Cerro  del  la  Virgen  (Los  Andes),  Rio  Blanco,  Prov.  Acon- 
cagua. 

Range :  Chile,  from  southern  Atacama  (Domeyko,  63  kilom.  south 
of  Vallenar)  to  Santiago,  and  Argentina  (in  provinces  of  Mendoza,  Cor- 
doba, Rio  Negro,  Chubut,  and  southern  Buenos  Aires). 

5:  Chile  (Domeyko,  Prov.  Atacama  2;  Baiios  del  Toro,  Prov. 
Coquimbo  3). 

*Asthenes  modesta  modesta  (Eyton).    EYTON'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  modestus  EYTON,  Contrib.  Orn.,  1851,  p.  159,  pi.  81 — "I  believe  it  was 

from  Bolivia"  (type  in  British  Museum  examined) b. 
Siptornis  modesta  sajamae  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  49,  p.  94,  1901 — Esperanza 

(type)  and  Sajama,  Dept.  Oruro,  Bolivia;  idem  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13, 

p.  128,  1906 — Puno  and  Pichacani,  Lake  Titicaca,  Peru;  MENEGAUX,  Bull. 

Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (10)  I,  p.  216,  1909 — Pulacayo,  Oruro. 
Synallaxis  modesta  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1886,  p.  398 — Sacaya  and  Sitana, 

Prov.  Tarapaca  (spec,  examined). 
Siptornis  modesta  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1891,  p.   135 — Sacaya,  Tarapacd; 

LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  190,  1902 — Cerro  de  Malamala,  Prov. 

Tucuman. 
Siptornis  hilereti  OUSTALET,  Bull.  Mus.   Paris,  10,  p.  44,   1904 — Laguna  del 

tPelado  and  Lara,  Prov.  Tucuman  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined) ;  BAER, 
faded  through  age.  The  example  from  Potrerillos  certainly  belongs  here  and  not  to 
"hilereti." 

Material  examined. — Chile:  Domeyko,  Atacama  2;  Banos  del  Tpro,  Coquimbo  3; 
Santiago  3.  Argentina:  Mendoza  (Potrerillos)  i,  Huanuluan  5,  Rio  Negro  2,  Valle 
del  Lago  Blanco,  Chubut  2,  Ventana,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  i. 

»  Sclater  also  refers  Synallaxis  flavogularis  of  BURMEISTER  (Reise  La  Plata  St., 
2,  p.  468)  to  A.  modesta.  One  of  the  original  examples  (from  Mendoza)  examined 
in  the  Halle  Museum  belongs,  however,  to  A .  baeri. 

b  The  specimen  (B.  M.  No.  81.2.18.177)  which,  in  color  of  throat  and  under  tail- 
coverts,  corresponds  to  original  description  and  figure,  agrees  with  a  series,  including 
two  topotypes,  of  A .  m.  sajamae,  the  latter  becoming  thus,  a  synonym  of  S.  modesta. 
The  second  example  of  EYTON'S  proves  to  be  referable  to  A.  m.  rostrata. 


140  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Ornis,  12,  p.  223,   1904 — same  localities;  LILLO,   Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3, 
p.  52,  1905 — Cerro  de  Malamala,  Tucuman. 

Siptornis  modestus  hilereti  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  213,  1909 — 
Lara  and  Cerro  Mufioz,  Tucumdn. 

Cranioleuca  hilereti  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  297,  1910 — 
Cerros  de  Malamala  and  Munoz. 

Range:  Northern  Chile  (in  provinces  of  Antofagasta,  Tarapaca, 
and  Tacna),  northwestern  Argentina  (in  provinces  of  Tucuman  and 
Jujuy),  western  Bolivia  (Dept.  Oruro),  and  adjacent  portion  of  the 
Peruvian  Department  of  Puno  (Puno  and  Tirapata,  Titicaca  basin)8. 

ii :  Chile  (Prov.  Tacna,  Putre  3,  Choquelimpie  4;  Prov. 
Antofagasta,  Rio  Inacaliri  3) ;  Argentina  (Cerro  Laguna  Colorada,  Mai- 
mara,  Jujuy  i). 

Asthenes  modesta  rostrata  (Berlepsck)b.    COCHABAMBA  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  humilis  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  319,  1873 — part,  female  from 
Junin  (spec,  now  in  Frankfort  Museum,  Berlepsch  Coll.,  examined). 

Siptornis  modesta  rostrata  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.   Orn.,  49,  p.  94,   1901 — Vacas, 
Dept.  Cochabamba,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Siptornis  modesta  proximo  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  83,  1921 — 
Tica-Tica,  near  Cuzco  (type),  La  Raya,  and  Junin  (spec,  examined). 

Siptornis  humilis  (not  of  CABANIS)  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond. , 
1896,  p.  373 — Ingapirca,  Junin  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Central  and  southeastern  Peru  (in  depts.  of  Junin  and 
Cuzco),  and  Sierra  of  Cochabamba,  in  Bolivia. 

B  Birds  from  the  Titicaca  basin  (Tirapata  and  Puno)  are  perfectly  identical  with 
others  from  Oruro.  A  series  from  northern  Chile  averages  slightly  lighter  (more 
sandy)  above,  while  wings  and  tail  are  perhaps  a  trifle  longer.  Two  topotypes  of 
5.  hilereti  and  an  adult  from  Jujuy  (Maimara)  are  indistinguishable. 

The  coloration  of  the  guttural  spot,  used  for  the  discrimination  of  local  forms, 
varies  in  A.  m.  modesta  as  well  as  in  the  other  races,  between  almost  white  and  deep 
cinnamon  rufous.  This  variation  appears  to  be  purely  individual,  although  it  might 
be  that  the  pale  throated  type  predominates  in  the  female  sex. 

Material  examined. — Peru,  Dept.  Puno:  Puno  2,  Tirapata  6.  Bolivia:  Oruro  4, 
Esperanza  2.  Chile:  Putre,  Tacna  2,  Choquelimpie,  Tacna  4,  Sacaya,  Tarapaca  2, 
Rio  Inacaliri,  Antofogasta  3.  Argentina:  Tucuman,  Lara  2,  Cerro  Mufioz  4;  Jujuy, 
Maimara  i. 

b  Asthenes  modesta  rostrata  (BERLEPSCH):  Similar  to  A.  m.  modesta,  but  upper 
parts  darker,  Saccardo's  umber  rather  than  buffy  or  sandy  brown;  wing-coverts  less 
rufescent;  wing  band  darker,  hazel  instead  of  cinnamon  rufous;  foreneck  and  chest 
slightly  more  variegated  with  whitish  streaks  and  dusky  freckles.  Wing  64-71; 
tail  68-79;  bill  13-5-15- 

I  do  not  see  how  A .  m.  proxima  can  be  separated  from  A .  m.  rostrata,  in  spite  of 
the  apparent  gap  existing  between  their  ranges.  While  absolutely  alike  in  colora- 
tion, Peruvian  birds  have  the  wing?  very  slightly  shorter. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Junin  2,  Ingapirca  i,  Tica-Tica,  near  Cuzco  i,  La 
Raya  Pass  5.  Bolivia:  Vacas  i,  Putuyuni  8,  Cerro  San  Benito,  Dept.  Cochabamba  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  141 

*Asthenes  humilis  humilis    (Cabanis)*.     CAB ANIS'S  SPOTTED-BACKED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  humilis  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  319,  1873 — Maraynioc  (part, 
male;  type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  23 
— Junin;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  p.  527 — Maraynioc;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  138, 
1 884 — Maraynioc. 

Siptornis  marayniocensis  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  14,  1895 — Cajabamba  and 
Huamachuco  (nom.  nud.);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  373 — Hacienda  de  Queta  (near  Tarma)  and  Canchacso,  Dept.  Junin. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Caja- 
marca  (Cajamarca,  Cajabamba,  Santiago),  Libertad  (Huamachuco) , 
Hudnuco,  and  Junin  (Junin,  Queta,  Maraynioc,  Canchacso). 

9:    Peru  (Junin  i,  Huanuco  Mts.,  Hudnuco  8). 

Asthenes  humilis  robusta  (Berlepsck)b.     BOLIVIAN  SPOTTED-BACKED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  marayniocensis  robusta  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  49,  p.  95,  1901 — 
Iquico,  Illimani,  Andes  of  La  Paz,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

(?)  Siptornis  humilis  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  67, 
1890 — Bolivia. 

Range:    Western  Bolivia  (Mount  Illimani,  Andes  of  La  Paz). 

*Asthenes  d'orbignyi  arequipae  (Sclater  and  Salvin}0.    BLACK-WINGED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  arequipae  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  417 — Arequipa, 

a  Asthenes  humilis  humilis  (CABANIS):  Easily  distinguished  from  A.  modesta 
rostrata  (BERLEPSCH)  by  having  the  crown  and  back  heavily  spotted  with  black; 
by  lacking  the  ochraceous  buff  tinge  on  the  flanks,  and  by  the  coloration  of  the  tail. 
The  inner  rectrices  are  narrowly  edged  with  pale  brown,  while  only  the  extreme  api- 
cal portion  of  the  two  lateral  pairs  is  shaded  or  clouded  with  pale  pinkish  cinna- 
mon. In  A.  modesta  rostrata,  on  the  other  hand,  all  of  the  rectrices  are  broadly  edged 
with  bright  cinnamon  rufous  exteriorly,  and  on  the  two  lateral  ones  there  is  an 
extensive  apical  area  of  the  same  color,  abruptly  defined  against  the  blackish  basal 
portion.  Wing  67-75;  tail  62-75;  bill  13-15. 

Thanks  to  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  E.  Stresemann,  I  was  enabled  to  directly  compare 
the  (male)  type  of  S.  humilis,  belonging  to  the  Berlin  Museum  with  several  exam- 
ples from  northern  Peru,  collected  by  O.  T.  Baron  and  identified  as  S.  marayniocensis 
by  the  late  Count  Berlepsch.  There  can  be  no  question  about  their  specific  identity. 
Furthermore,  I  examined,  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection,  the  female  from  Junin,  re- 
ceived by  the  Count  from  J.  Cabanis  under  the  name  of  5.  humilis,  and  found  it, 
like  one  of  Kalinowski's  specimens  from  Ingapirca,  to  be  referable  to  A .  modesta  ros- 
trata, which  accounts  for  his  redescribing  true  A.  humilis  as  5.  marayniocensis 

Material  examined. — Junin:  Maraynioc  (the  type)  i,  Junin  3.  Hudnuco:  Hudn- 
uco Mts.  8.  Libertad:  Humachuco  3.  Cajamarca:  Cajamarca  7,  Santiago  i. 

b Asthenes  humilis  robusta  (BERLEPSCH):  Similar  to  A.  h.  humilis,  but  larger; 
guttural  spot  larger  and  paler;  foreneck  and  sides  of  throat  more  heavily  marked 
with  blackish;  dark  spotting  above  less  conspicuous;  inner  rectrices  edged  with 
grayish.  Wing  (male)  76,  (female)  72.5;  tail  70-73.5;  bill  15.5-16.5. 

0  Asthenes  d'orbignyi  arequipae  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN):  Differs  principally  from 
A.  d.  d'orbignyi  by  lacking  the  large  cinnamon  rufous  patch  on  the  wing,  the  remiges 


142  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Peru  (type  examined);  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  23 — Arequipa;  TACZANOWSKI, 

Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  66,  1884 — Arequipa. 
Synallaxis  orbignii  (not  of  REICHENBACH)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1867,  p.  986 — Arequipa. 
Siptornis  arequipae  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  66,  1890 — Arequipa; 

HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  p.  115,  1917 — Sajama  (diag.). 

Range:    Andes  of  southern  Peru  (Arequipa),  northern  Chile  (Putre, 
Prov.  Tacna),  and  western  Bolivia  (Sajama,  Dept.  Oruro). 
3:    Chile  (Putre,  Prov.  Tacna  3). 

Asthenes  d'orbignyi  consobrina  subsp.  nov.».    LA  PAZ  SPINE-TAIL. 
Synallaxis  humicola  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 

i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  24,  1837 — La  Paz,  Bolivia;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage 

Ame"r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  245,  1839 — part,  La  Paz. 
Synallaxis  orbignii  (not  of  REICHENBACH)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1879,  p.  621 — part,  valley  of  La  Paz. 
Siptornis  arequipae  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28, 

p.  263  (in  text),  1923 — part,  La  Paz. 

Range:    Northwestern  Bolivia  (Andes  of  La  Paz). 

*Asthenes  d'orbignyi  d'orbignyi  (Reichenbach).    D'ORBIGNY'S  RUFOUS- 
THROATED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Bathmidura  d'orbignyi  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae,  A,  Sittinae, 
p.  163,  1853 — based  on  Synallaxis  humitola  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame>.  me'rid., 
Ois.,  pi.  17,  fig.  2,  Palca,  Prov.  Ayupaya,  Dept.  Cochabambab  (type  in  Paris 
Museum  examined). 

Synallaxis  humicola  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  mend.,  Ois., 
p.  245  pi.  17,  fig.  2,  1839 — part,  Cochabamba,  Palca;  BURMEISTER,  Journ. 

being  sooty  black  down  to  the  very  base;  by  the  larger  upper  wing-coverts  and  ter- 
tials  being  blackish,  narrowly  margined  with  pale  (rufescent)  brown,  instead  of  cin- 
namon rufous  for  their  greater  portion;  darker  brown  back;  larger  size,  especially 
heavier  bill.  Wing  (six  males)  68-74;  tail  73-79;  bill  13-14. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Arequipa  3.  Bolivia,  Oruro:  Sajama  2.  Chile,  Tacna: 
Putre  3- 

•  Asthenes  d' 'orbignii  consobrina  subsp.  nov. 

Type  in  Carnegie  Museum  No.  81561.  Adult  male,  La  Paz,  Bolivia,  alt.  3,400 
metr.,  September  26,  1920.  Jose"  Steinbach. 

Nearest  to,  and  agreeing  with  A.  d.  arequipae  in  uniform  sooty  black  remiges; 
but  considerably  smaller,  with  slenderer  bill;  edges  to  tertials  and  larger  upper  wing- 
coverts  broader  and  more  rufescent;  cinnamomeous  gular  spot  much  smaller,  half 
concealed  by  the  long  silky  white  tips;  tawny  area  on  flanks  much  more  restricted; 
tail  with  less  rufous,  this  color  being  confined  to  the  outer,  and  extreme  base  of  the 
inner  web  on  the  outermost,  and  to  the  extreme  base  of  both  webs  on  the  penulti- 
mate rectrix.  Wing  62-66;  tail  67-72;  bill  13. 

Remarks. — While  agreeing  with  A.  d.  arequipae  in  black  wings,  this  form  has 
the  wing-coverts  and  tertials  more  conspicuously  margined  with  brown,  thereby 
pointing  to  A .  d.  d'orbignyi  which  it  also  approaches  in  lesser  size  and  smaller,  semi- 
concealed  gular  spot. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:   La  Paz  4,  Guaqui,  La  Paz  3,  unspecified  i. 

b  See  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  p.  114,  footnote  i,  1917. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  143 

Orn.,  8,  p.  250,  1860 — part,  Mendoza  (spec,  in  Halle  Museum  examined); 

idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  468,  1861 — part,  Mendoza8. 
Synallaxis  crassirostris  (LANDBECK  MS.)  LEYBOLD,  Journ.  Orn.,  13,  p.  401,  1865 

— Melocoton,  Rio  Tunuyan,  Prov.  Mendoza. 

Synallaxis  orbignii  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  22 — Palca  (Bolivia),  Men- 
doza; SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  621 — part,  Palca;  SCLATER  and 

HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  183,  1888 — part,  northern  Argentina. 
Siptornis  orbignii  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  65,  1890 — part,  spec,  a, 

b,  e,  g-i,  Mendoza,  "Pampas,"  "Parana,"  Bolivia  (spec,  examined). 
Siptornis  d'orbignyi  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 

19,  P-  79.  I9°6 — Ayupaya  and  Cochabamba;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov. 

Zool.,  16,  p.  213,  1909 — Jujuy;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  28,  p.  263,  1921 — Ayupaya, 

Cochabamba. 
Siptornis  orbignyi  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  18,  1897 

— Tala,  Salta;  LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  454 — San  Luis,  Tarija. 
Siptornis  d'orbignyi  crassirostris  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  p.  116, 

1917 — Mendoza  (crit.). 

Range:  Eastern  Andes  of  Bolivia,  in  depts.  of  Cochabamba  (Paro- 
tani,  Cochabamba),  Santa  Cruz  (Valle  Grande),  Chuquisaca  (Palca, 
Sucre),  and  Tarija,  and  western  Argentina  (in  prov.  of  Jujuy,  Salta, 
Mendoza) b. 

4:    Bolivia  (Parotani  i);  Argentina,  Prov.  Jujuy  (Maimara  3). 

Asthenes  berlepschi  (Hellmayr)°.    BERLEPSCH'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  berlepschi  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  p.  113,  1917 — Chicani, 
Dept.  La  Paz,  Bolivia. 

Range:  Northern  Bolivia  (Chicani,  north  slope  of  the  Cordillera 
Real,  Dept.  La  Paz). 

"The  locality  "Parand,"  mentioned  by  D'Orbigny  and  Burmeister,  refers,  of 
course,  to  some  other  species.  There  are  no  specimens  from  this  place  either  at  Paris 
or  at  Halle. 

b  Birds  from  Cochabamba,  Santa  Cruz  (Valle  Grande),  and  Chuquisaca  agree 
perfectly  together.  A  series  from  Argentina  and  Tarija  are,  on  average,  somewhat 
more  rufescent  above,  though  the  divergency  is  insignificant.  The  supposed  char- 
acters of  the  Mendoza  form  (crassirostris)  prove  to  be  unreliable. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia,  Cochabamba:  Parotani  i,  Cochabamba  5;  Santa 
Cruz,  Valle  Grande  i;  Palca,  Ayupaya  i,  Chuquisaca  [  =  Sucre]  3;  Tarija, 
Tarija  2.  Argentina,  Prov.  Jujuy:  Maimara  3,  Tilcara  i,  Tacoraita  i;  Mendoza  2. 

0  Asthenes  berlepschi  (HELLMAYR)  :  Nearly  related  to  A .  d.  d'orbignyi  and  A .  d.  are- 
quipae.  Agrees  with  the  former  in  possessing  an  extensive  deep  cinnamon  rufous 
band  across  the  basal  portion  of  the  remiges,  but  differs  by  larger  size,  stouter  bill, 
less  rufous  wing-coverts  and  tertials  which  are  blackish,  broadly  edged  with  rufescent 
brown,  as  in  A.  d.  consobrina,  and  by  lacking  the  cinnamomeous  gular  spot.  From 
A.  d.  arequipae  and  A.  d.  consobrina  it  may  be  distinguished,  in  addition  to  the  last- 
named  character,  by  lacking  the  cinnamon  rufous  patch  on  the  lesser  wing-coverts, 
and  by  the  wide  rufous  basal  band  of  the  remiges.  In  size  it  closely  approaches 
A.  d.  arequipae.  Wing  (four  adult  males)  69-70;  tail  70-74;  bill  14.5-15.33. 

This  is  probably  also  a  geographical  race  of  A .  d'orbignyi,  but  until  we  know  more 
about  its  distribution,  it  would  be  unsafe  to  employ  trinomial  nomenclature. 


144  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Asthenes  humicola  humicola  (Kittlitz).    BLACK-TAILED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synnalaxis  (sic)  humicola  KITTLITZ,  Me"m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  (sav.  £tr.),  i, 
livr.  2,  p.  185,  1830 — near  Valparaiso,  Chile;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool.  Mus. 
Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  15,  1921  (note  on  type). 

Synallaxis  humicola  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  245,  1839 — 
part,  Valparaiso;  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  75,  1839 — Valparaiso;  DssMuRS 
in  Gay,  Hist.  fis.  pol.  Chile,  Zool.,  i,  p.  288,  1847 — Chile;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1867,  p.  324 — Chile;  idem,  l.c.,  1874,  p.  22 — Chile,  near  Valparaiso; 
PHILIPPI,  Ornis,  4,  p.  158,  1888 — Copacolla,  Atacama;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  92,  1889 — Valparaiso. 

Synallaxis  pumicola  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  n,  p.  112,  1843 — Chile  (habits); 
BIBRA,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  5,  p.  129,  1853 — near 
Valparaiso. 

Siptornis  humicola  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  65,  1890 — Chile;  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  79,  1906 — Val- 
paraiso, Chile;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  263,  1921 — Valparaiso;  BARROS, 
Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  182,  1923 — Precordillera  of  Aconcagua,  Chile. 

Synallaxis  cinerea  PHILIPPIC,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  91,  p.  674,  1895 — Andes  of 
Prov.  San  Fernando,  Chile;  idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  36, 
pi.  18,  fig.  i,  1902 — San  Fernando. 

Cranioleuca  humicola  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  32,  1916 — Mendoza. 

Siptornis  sordida  (not  of  LESSON)  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  145, 
1920 — Nilahue",  Prov.  Curic6. 

Range:  Chile,  from  Curic6  north  to  Atacama  (Caldera,  Copacolla), 
and  western  Argentina  (Mendoza) b. 

12 :  Chile  (Prov.  O'Higgins,  Bafios  de  Cauquenes  i,  San  Francisco  i ; 
Prov.  Santiago,  San  Jose  de  Maipo  2,  Pena  Lolen  i;  Prov.  Valparaiso, 
Limache  7,  Olmue'  i ;  Prov.  Coquimbo,  La  Compania  2,  Romero  2 ;  Prov. 
Atacama,  Caldera  i). 

*Asthenes  humicola  polysticta  subsp.  nov.°     SOUTHERN  BLACK-TAILED 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Range:    Central  Chile,  in  provinces  of  Concepcion  and  Maule. 

a  The  published  figure  closely  agrees  with  a  worn  specimen  from  Caldera,  in 
which  the  whitish  and  pale  grayish  streaking  of  the  chest  is  but  faintly  developed. 
The  tail  of  the  type  specimen  was  obviously  not  full  grown. 

bA  specimen  from  Mendoza  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  (No.  237185),  ob- 
tained from  Carlos  Reed,  differs  from  our  series  only  by  having  the  tawny  color  of 
the  belly  rather  more  extensive  and  slightly  deeper  in  tone. 

c  A  sthenes  humicola  polysticta  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Hacienda  Gualpencillo,  Concepcion,  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural 
History.  No.  54165.  Female.  April  16,  1923.  C.  C.  Sanborn. 

Similar  to  A.  h.  humicola,  but  much  more  heavily  marked  underneath,  the  fore- 
neck,  breast  and  middle  of  the  abdomen  showing  very  distinct,  blackish  marginal 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  145 

1 1 :  Chile  (Hacienda  Gttalpencillo,  Concepcion  9 ;  Pilen  Alto,  eight 
miles  west  of  Cauquenes,  Maule  2), 

Asthenes  steinbachi  (Hartert}*.    STEINBACH'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  steinbachi  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  213,  1909 — Cachi,  Prov.  Salta 
(type  in  Tring  Museum  examined);  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  245, 
33i»  1913-14 — Mendoza;  idem,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  195,  1918 — Gualfin,  Sierra 
de  Catamarca;  SANZIN,  I.e.,  p.  150,  1918 — Alto  Verde,  Prov.  Mendoza. 

Range:  Western  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Salta  (Cachi),  Cata- 
marca (Gualfin),  and  Mendoza  (Mendoza,  Potrerillos,  Alto  Verde). 

*Asthenes  hellmayri  (Reiser)*.    REISER'S  SPINE-TAIL.     (PI.  IV). 

Synallaxis  griseiventris  (not  of  ALLEN  1889)  REISER,  Anzeiger  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
42,  p.  323,  1905 — Fazenda  Serra,  Rio  Grande,  n.w.  Bahia  (type  examined); 
IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9,  p.  476,  1914 — Cidade  da  Barra,  Bahia  (nest 
and  eggs  descr.). 

Synallaxis  hellmayri  REISER,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  13,  p.  210,  1905 — new  name  for 
Synallaxis  griseiventris  REISER  preoccupied;  idem,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  69,  1910 — Fazenda  da  Serra  and  Serra  do  Estreito, 
Rio  Grande,  Bahia. 

spots  to  the  feathers,  while  the  flanks  and  under  tail-coverts  are  much  duller,  vary- 
ing between  cinnamon  brown  and  snuff  brown  (not  bright  tawny  as  in  A .  h.  humicola) . 
This  strongly  differentiated  form  apparently  replaces  the  typical  race  in  the  coast 
region  of  Concepcion  and  Maule.  The  eleven  examples  in  the  collection  are  very 
uniform,  though  those  from  Pilen  Alto,  by  more  rufous  belly,  slightly  point  toward 
A.  h.  humicola. 

8  Asthenes  steinbachi  (HARTERT),  an  excellent  species,  stands  quite  by  itself. 
From  A .  humicola  it  differs  by  lacking  the  white  superciliary  stripe  and  the  streaking 
underneath;  by  much  paler,  drab  brownish  upper  parts  and  by  having  the  upper 
tail-coverts  vinaceous  cinnamon,  while  the  two  lateral  pairs  of  rectrices  are  wholly, 
the  next  one  for  the  greater  part,  and  the  three  others  at  base  and  along  edges  bright 
cinnamon  rufous.  The  markings  of  the  throat  are  somewhat  similar  to  A.  humicola, 
though  more  edge-like.  In  general  coloration,  shape  of  bill  and  hind  claw  it  agrees 
with  A.  d'orbignyi,  but  has  a  much  longer  tail  with  much  broader  rectrices,  and  dif- 
fers widely  by  absence  of  cinnamomeous  gular  spot,  drab  grayish  (instead  of  buff) 
under  parts  with  much  paler  flanks,  drab  brownish  pileum  and  back,  much  more 
rufous  in  tail,  etc.  Wing  65-69;  tail  82-90;  bill  13-14. 

Material  examined. — Salta:   Cachi  i.  Mendoza:  Potrerillos  3,  Mendoza  i. 

b  Asthenes  hellmayri  (REISER):  Upper  parts  light  brownish  gray;  lesser,  median, 
and  outer  web  of  greater  wing-coverts  bright  hazel,  forming  a  large  patch  on  the 
wing;  remiges  dusky,  exteriorly  edged  with  grayish  brown;  tail  dusky,  middle  pair 
of  rectrices  brownish  gray,  the  three  lateral  ones  indistinctly,  tipped  with  grayish  or 
dull  rufescent;  sides  of  head  and  neck  more  buffy  than  the  crown,  lores  dusky;  under 
parts  light  drab  (rather  more  grayish  than  Ridgway's  shade  on  plate  46),  more  buffy 
on  middle  of  abdomen,  with  a  large  dull  black  patch  occupying  the  lower  throat; 
axillars  and  under  wing-coverts  cinnamon  rufous;  quill  lining  cinnamon  buff.  Wing 
67-70;  tail  75-86;  bill  14.5-15. 

This  species  which  has  no  near  ally  is  a  typical  Asthenes,  both  the  type  and  our 
specimens  possessing  twelve  rectrices. 

Material  examined. — Fazenda  Serra  i ,  Serra  do  Estreito  i ,  Rio  do  Peixe  i ,  Arara  i. 


146  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range :  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  (Rio  do  Peixe,  near  Qtiei- 
madas;  Barra,  Rio  Sao  Francisco;  Rio  Preto)  and  Piauhy. 

2 :    Brazil  (Rio  do  Peixe,  near  Queimadas,  Bahia  i ;  Arara,  Piauhy  i). 

Asthenes  wyatti  wyatti  (Sclater  and  Salvin).    WYATT'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  wyatti  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  "1870,"  p.  840,  1871 — 
Paramo  de  Pamplona,  Santander,  Colombia  (type  examined);  WYATT,  Ibis, 
1871,  p.  330 — Paramo  de  Pamplona;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  25 — 
Pamplona;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  170 — Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa 
Marta. 

Siptornis  wyatti  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  71,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-e, 
Paramo  of  Pamplona,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta,  Colombia;  BANGS, 
Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  p.  99,  1899 — Paramo  de  Chiruqua  (spec,  exam- 
ined); ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  158,  1900  (ex  BANGS). 

Asthenes  wyatti  wyatti  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  290, 
1922 — Cerro  de  Caracas,  Macotama,  Paramo  de  Mamarongo,  and  Paramo 
de  Chiruqua. 

Range :  Andes  of  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  Mountains,  and  Paramo 
de  Pamplona,  State  of  Santander) ». 

Asthenes  wyatti  aequatorialis  (Chapman)*.    EQUATORIAL  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  wyatti  aequatorialis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  18,  p.  4,  1921 — 
Mount  Chimborazo,  Ecuador. 

Synall[axis]  paramo  (STOLZMANN  MS.)  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  p.  4  (in  text),  1921 — 
Cechce,  Ecuador. 

Synallaxis  wyatti  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  299 — Cechce,  Ecuador. 

Siptornis  wyatti  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  71,  1890 — part,  spec,  f, 
Cechce;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  22, 
1899 — Chaupi,  Paramo  of  Illiniza. 

Range :    Andes  of  Ecuador,  south  to  the  vicinity  of  Alausi  (Cechce). 

a  The  type  specimen  differs  from  those  of  the  Santa  Marta  range  by  deeper  buffy 
under  parts  and  much  paler  (buff  instead  of  deep  ochraceous)  throat  patch.  Whether 
this  divergency  is  individual  or  racial  remains  to  be  determined  by  a  series  from 
Santander. 

b  Asthenes  wyatti  aequatorialis  (CHAPMAN):  Closely  similar  to  A.  w.  wyatti,  but 
upper  parts  slightly  more  grayish,  the  spots  larger  and  deeper  black;  tail  more  black- 
ish; flanks  and  under  tail-coverts,  as  a  rule,  brighter  fulvous  buff.  Wing  64-67; 
tail  67-72;  bill  13-14.5. 

A  skin  of  the  well  known  "Quito"  make  (Berlin  Museum  No.  B  23219),  by  the 
brighter  cinnamon  rufous  lesser  wing-coverts,  greater  extent  of  rufous  on  fourth 
rectrix  (from  outside)  and  deeper  buffy  abdomen,  forms  the  transition  to  A .  w.  azuay, 
of  southern  Ecuador. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:   Chimborazo  2,  Cechce  i,  "Quito"  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  147 

Asthenes  wyatti  azuay  (Chapman)*.    AZUAY  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  graminicola  azuay  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  13,  Aug.  1923 — 
Bestion,  Prov.  del  Azuay,  Ecuador  (type  examined). 

Range :    Andes  of  southern  Ecuador  (Bestion,  Prov.  del  Azuay) . 

Asthenes  wyatti  graminicola  (Sclater).    SCLATER'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  graminicola  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  446,  pi.  58,  fig.  2 — 
Junin,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  527 — Junin;  idem, 
Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  140,  1884 — Puna  of  Junin,  and  Maraynioc. 

Siptornis  graminicola  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  71,  1890 — Peru;  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  374 — Hacienda  de  Queta, 
near  Tarma,  Junin;  idem,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  718 — "Cauramarca"  [  =  Lauramarca], 
near  Cuzco;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  71,  1920 — Olla- 
chea,  near  Macusani,  Dept.  Puno;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117, 
p.  84,  1921 — Tica-tica,  Dept.  Cuzco 

Range :  Southern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Junin  (Junin,  Maraynioc,  Oroya) , 
Cuzco  (Tica-tica,  Lauramarca),  and  Puno  (Tirapata,  Titicaca  basin ; 
Ollachea,  near  Macusani,  Sierra  of  Carabaya)b. 

Asthenes  punensis  punensis  (Berlepsch  and  Stohmann}*.    PUNO  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Siptornis  punensis  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ibis  (8)  I,  p.  718,  1901 — Puno, 
Dept.  Puno  (type  examined);  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  129— Puno;  HELLMAYR, 
Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  72,  1920 — Puno  (crit.). 

Siptornis  punensis  punensis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  2,  p.  5,  1921 — 
Guaqui,  Dept.  La  Paz,  Bolivia. 

Range:  Southern  Peru  (Puno,  south  shore  of  Lake  Titicaca,  Dept. 
Puno),  and  western  Bolivia  (Guaqui,  near  Lake  Titicaca,  Dept.  La  Paz). 

a  Asthenes  wyatti  azuay  (CHAPMAN):  Agrees  with  A.  w.  aequatorialis  in  length  of 
bill,  but  size  slightly  larger;  fourth  rectrix  (from  without)  wholly  rufous  except  a 
blackish  edge  along  apical  half  of  inner  web;  two  median  pairs  and  inner  remiges 
edged  with  cinnamon  rufous;  cinnamon  rufous  of  wing-coverts  brighter  and  en- 
croaching on  outer  web  of  greater  series  and  primary  coverts;  upper  parts  browner; 
under  surface  more  buffy,  passing  into  ochraceous  tawny  on  sides  and  tail-coverts. 
It  approaches  A .  w.  graminicola  in  size  and  coloration  of  under  parts,  but  differs  by 
longer  bill,  deeper  guttural  spot,  more  spotted  back,  brighter  and  more  extensive 
cinnamon  rufous  wing  area,  more  rufous  on  lateral  rectrices,  and  by  having  the 
median  tail  feathers  and  inner  remiges  margined  with  cinnamon  rufous.  Wing  (one 
adult  male)  68;  tail  78;  bill  14.75. 

The  type  is  the  only  known  specimen. 

b  Material  examined. — Peru:  Dept.  Cuzco,  Lauramarca  i,  Tica-tica  2;  Puno, 
Ollachea  2,  Tirapata  i. 

No  specimens  seen  from  the  type  locality. 

c  Asthenes  punensis  punensis  (BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN) :  Similar  to  A.  wyatti 
graminicola,  but  three  outer  pairs  of  rectrices  extensively  black  at  the  base,  abruptly 
defined  against  the  oblique  cinnamon  rufous  apical  portion;  fourth  rectrix  black, 


148  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Asthenes  puensis  cuchacanchae  (Chapman)*.    CUCHACANCHA  SPINE- 
TAIL. 
Siptornis  punensis  cuchacanchae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  2,  p.  5,  1921 — 

Cuchacancha,  Prov.  Cochabamba,  Bolivia. 

Siptornis  punensis  punensis  (not  of  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN)  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  41,  p.  329,  1919 — Cuchacancha. 

Range:  Andes  of  eastern  Bolivia  (Cuchacancha,  Sierra  of  Cocha- 
bamba) . 

Asthenes  punensis  lilloi  (Oustalef)b.    LILLO'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  lilloi  OUSTALET,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  10,  p.  44,  1904 — Lagun- 
ita,  Tucumdn  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  223, 
1904 — Lagunita;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  53,  1905 — La  Lagunita, 
Cerro  de  San  Pablo,  La  Cienaga,  Tucumdn;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov. 
Zool.,  16,  p.  214,  1909 — La  Cienaga,  Lagunita,  Norco,  Tucuman;  HELLMAYR, 
Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  72,  1920 — Tucuman  (crit.). 

Siptornis  dinellii  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  53,  1905 — La  Cienaga,  Tucu- 
man (type  in  Coll.  Lillo  examined;  =juv.). 

Siptornis  punensis  rufala  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  41,  p.  328,  1919 — 
Tafi  del  Valle,  Tucumdn  (type  examined). 

Siptornis  hudsoni  (not  of  SCLATER)  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8, 
p.  191,  1902 — San  Pablo,  Tucumdn. 

Cranioleuca  lilloi -\-Cranioleuca  dinellii  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  297,  1910 — La  Lagunita,  Cerro  de  San  Pablo,  La  Cienaga,  Tucumdn. 

Range :    Andes  of  northwestern  Argentina  (Prov.  Tucuman) . 
*Asthenes  anthoides  (King).    KING'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  anthoides  KING,  Proc.  Comm.  Sci.  &  Corresp.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  I, 

with  a  small  rufous  apical  spot;  basal  band  of  remiges  less  wide  and  darker,  hazel 
rather  than  cinnamon  rufous.  Wing  69.5-80;  tail  87-94;  bill  13-13.5. 

I  provisionally  regard  this  bird  as  specifically  distinct,  since  specimens  of  A.  w. 
graminicola  from  Tirapata  in  the  Titicaca  basin,  not  very  far  from  Puno,  the  type 
locality  of  A .  punensis,  do  not  show  the  slightest  approach  to  the  latter  in  the  mark- 
ings of  the  tail. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   Puno  (including  the  type)  4.  Bolivia:  Guaqui  i. 

*  Asthenes  punensis  cuchacanchae  (CHAPMAN):  Very  nearly  related  to  A.  p.  pun- 
ensis, but  upper  parts  paler  brown  and  more  heavily  streaked  with  blackish ;  lesser 
wing-coverts  and  wing  band  lighter,  cinnamon  rufous  rather  than  hazel;  under  parts 
paler,  less  tawny  ochraceous,  particularly  on  flanks  and  tail-coverts.  Wing  (four 
specimens  from  the  type  locality)  73-77;  tail  92-97;  bill  13.5-14. 

b  Asthenes  punensis  lilloi  (OUSTALET):  Similar  to  A.  p.  cuchacanchae,  but  upper 
parts  somewhat  darker,  more  tinged  with  rufescent,  and  even  more  coarsely  spotted; 
lesser  wing-coverts  and  wing  band  deeper  cinnamon  rufous  or  hazel;  the  edges  to 
the  larger  coverts  pale  cinnamon  rufous  rather  than  sayal  brown;  size  about  the 
same.  Wing  70-77;  tail  85-100;  bill  12.5-14. 

Material  examined. — Tucumdn:  La  Lagunita  2,  La  Cienaga  2,  Norco  3,  Tafi  del 
Valle  4. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  149 

p.  30,  March  1831 — no  locality  specified,  presumably  Straits  of  Magellan; 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  193,  1859 — Chile;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  324 — 
Chile;  idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  25 — Chile,  near  Valparaiso,  "East  Falkland,"  val- 
leys of  southern  Patagonia;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  132,  1889 
— Laredo  Bay,  Chile  (spec,  examined). 

Synallaxis  rufogularis  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  77,  pi.  23,1839 — 
near  Valparaiso,  and  valleys  of  southern  Patagonia;  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
II,  p.  112,  1843 — Chile. 

Siptornis  anthoides  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  70,  1890 — Valparaiso 
(Chile),  Santa  Cruz  (Patagonia),  "Falkland  Isl.";  SALVADOR:,  Ann.  Mus. 
Civ.  Stor.  Nat.  Geneva  (2)  20,  p.  617,  1900 — Penguin  Rookery,  Staten  Isl.; 
CRAWSHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  79,  1907 — Rio  McClelland  Settlement; 
PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  317,  1923 — Lake  Nahuel  Huapi, 
Argentina  (spec,  examined);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  28,  p.  35,  1924 — 
San  Bernardo. 

Siptornis  anthoides  anthoides  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  214, 
1909 — Valle  del  Lago  Blanco,  Chubut. 

Cranioleuca  anthoides  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  299,  1910 — 
part,  Santa  Cruz,  Staten  Isl.,  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Range:  Chile,  from  Valparaiso  and  Santiago  southward;  southern 
Argentina,  from  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro  down  to  the 
Straits  of  Magellan;  Tierra  del  Fuego;  Staten  Island". 

9:  Chile  (Prov.  Cautin,  Lake  Gualletue  2,  Rio  Lolen,  Lonquimai 
Valley  6;  Prov.  Llanquihue,  Rio  Nireguao  i). 

*Asthenes  hudsoni  (Sclater}*.    HUDSON'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  hudsoni  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  25 — Conchitas,  Prov.  Buenos 
Aires;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  36 — Chubut;  idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  396 — Rio 
Sengel,  Chubut;  DALGLEISH,  Proc.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edin.,  6,  p.  246,  1881 — 
Tala,  Prov.  Durazno,  Uruguay  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  209,  1883 — Azul,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (spec,  examined) ;  SCLATER, 
and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  186,  1888 — Argentina  (habits);  HOLLAND,  Ibis, 
1890,  p.  425 — Est.  Espartillar,  Buenos  Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1892,  p.  201 — same 
locality  (breeding);  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  p.  182 — Santa  Ana,  Prov.  Soriano,  Uru- 
guay; GIBSON,  I.e.,  1918,  p.  411— Cape  San  Antonio,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

a  No  reliable  record  exists  for  its  occurrence  on  the  Falkland  Island.  Besides 
those  listed  above,  I  have  examined  specimens  from  the  following  localities:  Vicinity 
of  Santiago  2,  San  Bernardo  i,  Laredo  Bay  i ;  Bariloche,  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi,  Argen- 
tina 2. 

b  A  sthenes  hudsoni  is  obviously  specifically  distinct  from  A .  anthoides.  Apart  from 
its  much  larger  size,  slenderer  as  well  as  straighter  bill,  more  sharply  acuminate  rec- 
trices,  and  much  lighter  upper  part?,  it  has  a  very  peculiar  juvenal  plumage,  in 
which  fore-neck,  chest  and  sides  are  marked  with  longitudinal  spots  or  streaks  of 
blackish  brown,  while  in  the  young  A.  anthoides  the  same  parts  show  rather 
obsolete,  sooty  cross  bars. 

Material  examined. — Prov.  Buenos  Aires:  Azul  2,  Conchitas  2,  Barracas  al  Sud 
5,  Est.  Los  Ynglases  i.  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro:  Huanuluan  i. 


150  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Synallaxis  sclateri  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  26,  p.  196,  1878 — Sierra  of  Cordoba; 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  P-  461 — Cordoba. 

Synallaxis  anthcides  (not  of  KING)  SCLATER  and  SAL  VIM,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868, 
p.  141 — Conchitas;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  i,  Zool.,  p.  47,  1881 — 
Azul,  Carhue',  Arroyo  Salado,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Siptornis  hudsoni  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  70,  1890 — Uruguay,  Con- 
chitas and  Aj6  (Buenos  Aires),  Cordoba;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  130 — Los 
Ynglases,  Ajo,  and  Cape  San  Antonio,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (crit.,  descr.  juv.); 
PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  318,  1923 — Huanuluan,  Gob.  Rio 
Negro  (spec,  examined).  , 

Siptornis  anthoides  hudsoni  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  1 6,  p.  214,  1909 — 
Barracas  al  Sud  and  Est.  San  Martino  Monte,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (descr. 
juv.). 

Cranioleuca  hudsoni  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  299,  1910  (range). 

Asthenes  anthoides  hudsoni  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornerc,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Uruguay; 
DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  PEREYRA,  l.c.,  3, 
p.  167,  1923 — Zelaya,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ. 
for  1922-23,  p.  641,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

(?)  Asthenes  anthoides  (not  of  KING)  DAGUERRE,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  268,  1922 — 
Rosas,  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  641, 
1924 — "Barracas  al  Sud,"  Rosas,  B.  Aires. 

Range:  Pampas  of  Argentina,  from  Buenos  Aires  and  Cordoba 
south  to  Chubut,  and  Uruguay. 

i:    Argentina  (Buenos  Aires  i). 

Asthenes    maluroides    (Lafresnaye    and    D'Orbigny)*.      WREN-LIKB 
SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  maluroides  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  22,  1837 — Buenos  Aires  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  238,  pi.  14,  fig.  3,  1839 — Buenos 
Aires;  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  77,  1839 — Maldonado,  Uruguay; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  141 — Conchitas,  Buenos  Aires; 
SCLATER,  1.  c.,  1874,  P-  2^ — Maldonado  and  Buenos  Aires;  DURNFORD,  Ibis, 
1877,  p.  180 — Buenos  Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  61 — Buenos  Aires  (nest  and 
eggs  descr.);  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  208,  1883 — Conception  del 
Uruguay,  Entrerios  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  x, 
p.  188,  1888 — Argentina  (habits);  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  412 — Cape  San 
Antonio,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Siptornis  maluroides  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  72,  1890 — Rio  Lujan 
and  Punta  Lara,  Buenos  Aires;  Rio  Negro,  Patagonia;  IHERING,  Annuario 
Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  129,  1899 — Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  MENEGAUX 

•  By  the  strongly  emarginate  and  acuminate  tail  feathers,  this  singular  species 
closely  approaches  Cranioleuca  sulphurifera,  but  has  a  straighter  bill,  while  the 
spotted  upper  parts  suggest  affinities  to  Asthenes  hudsoni.  Some  time  it  may  be 
found  necessary  to  separate  it  genetically. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  151 

and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  81,  1906 — Buenos  Aires; 
HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  1 6,  p.  214,  1909 — Barracas  al  Sud,  Buenos 
Aires;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  131 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Luiconia  and  Los 
Ynglases,  Aj6,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  28,  p.  249,  1921 — 
Buenos  Aires. 

Cranioleuca  malur aides  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  235,  1907 — Rio  Grande 
do  Sul,  Buenos  Aires;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  299,  1910 
(range  in  Argentina);  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  391,  1916 — La  Plata. 

Asthenes  maluroides  DAGUERRE,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas,  Prov. 
Buenos  Aires;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  3,  p.  167,  1923 — Zelaya,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires; 
MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  641,  1924 — Lujan,  Buenos 
Aires. 

Range :  Eastern  Argentina  (in  prov.  of  Entrerios  and  Buenos  Aires, 
south  to  the  Rio  Negro),  Uruguay,  and  southern  Brazil  (Rio  Grande, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul)a. 

Asthenes  flammulata  multostriata  (Sclater)*.     MANY-STRIPED  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Synallaxis  multo-striata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  "1857",  p.  273,  Jan.  1858 — 
Bogota  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1859,  p.  194 — New 
Granada;  idem,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  636  (crit.). 

Synallaxis  flammulata  (not  of  JARDINE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  26 — 
part,  Bogota. 

Siptornis  flammulata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  iS,p.  72,  1890 — part,  Colombia. 

Siptornis  multostriata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  80,  1906 — Bogota  (diag.). 

Siptornis  flammulata  multostriata  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  407, 
1917 — Choachi,  near  Bogota. 

Range:  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (in  states  of  Santander,  Boy- 
aca,  and  Cundinamarca). 

*Asthenes  flammulata  quindiana  (Chapman)0.    SANTA  ISABEL  SPINE- 
TAIL. 
Siptornis  flammulata  quindiana  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  34,  p.  643, 

•An  adult  male,  secured  at  Rio  Grande  on  May  27,  1884  by  Hermann  von 
Ihering,  agrees  with  others  from  Buenos  Aires.  A  single  male  from  Entrerios  (Con- 
cepcion  del  Uruguay)  is  more  strongly  washed  with  buffy  brown  on  chest  and  sides. 

b  Asthenes  flammulata  multostriata  (SCLATER):  Differs  from  A.  f.  flammulata  by 
having  the  chin  and  upper  throat  deep  cinnamon  rufous;  the  forehead  darker  chest- 
nut; the  superciliaries  ochraceous  instead  of  whitish;  the  blackish  margins  on  the 
under  parts  decidedly  broader,  particularly  on  the  flanks.  Wing  64-66;  tail  75-81- 
bill  14. 

Material  examined. — Bogota  3.  Santander:  Paramo  Guerrero  2,  Paramo  de 
Cachiri  2.  Boyaca:  Lagunillas  8. 

"  Asthenes  flammulata  quindiana  (CHAPMAN):  Somewhat  intermediate  between 
A.  /.  flammulata  and  A.  f.  multostriata;  differing  from  the  former  by  browner  (less 


152  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1915 — Paramo  de  Santa  Isabel,  central  Andes,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  36, 
p.  407,  1917 — Santa  Isabel. 

Range:    Central  Andes  of  Colombia  (Paramo  de  Santa  Isabel). 
i:    Colombia  (Santa  Isabel,  Quindio  Andes  i). 

Asthenes  flammulata  flammulata  (Jardine).    JARDINE'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synalaxis  (sic)  flammulatus  JARDINE,  Contrib.  Orn.,  1850,  p.  82-10,  pi.  56 — 
"lofty  table  lands  of  the  Andes  [near  Quito]  at  an  elevation  of  14,000  feet," 
Ecuador. 

Synallaxis  flammulata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  76 — Panza;  idem,  I.e., 
1874,  p.  26 — part,  Panza  and  "Loxa",  Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BER- 
LEPSCH,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  95 — Chimborazo  and  San  Rafael;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  75,  1889 — near  Quito;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  60 — 
Pichincha. 

Siptornis  flammulata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  is,  p.  72,  1890 — part,  Ecua- 
dor; HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  490,  1898 — Mt.  Cayambe;  SALVADORI  and 
FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  22,  1899 — Pichincha;  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  81,  1906 — Pichin- 
cha and  Quito  (diag.);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g6ogr.  Mes.  Arc.  Me"rid. 
Equat.,  9,  p.  B  41,  1911 — Pichincha  and  Mozo;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL, 
Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  69,  1922 — Pichincha. 

Range :    Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador8. 

*Asthenes  flammulata  taczanowskii  (Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann)*.    TAC- 
ZANOWSKI'S  STREAKED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Siptornis  taczanowskii  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ibis,  (6)  6,  p.  393,  1894 — 
Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  373 — Maray- 
nioc,  Pariayacu. 

Synallaxis  flammulata  (not  of  JARDINE)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  527 — Maraynioc;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  139,  1884 — Maraynioc. 

Siptornis  flammulata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  72,  1890 — part,  Peru. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Peru  (in  depts.  Amazonas, 
Huanuco,  and  Junin) . 

blackish)  upper  pai-ts,  hazel  rather  than  tawny  forehead,  ochraceous,  less  clearly 
defined  superciliaries,  and  deeper  (ochraceous  buff  instead  of  buff)  throat;  from 
the  latter  by  less  chestnut  forehead,  white  chin  spot,  much  paler  throat,  and  much 
narrower  blackish  striping  below.  Wing  64-65;  tail  76-82;  bill  13-14. 

Three  specimens  from  the  type  locality  examined. 

a  Nine  specimens  examined. 

b  Asthenes  flammulata  taczanowskii  (BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN):  Similar  to 
A.  f.  flammulata,  but  streaks  above  narrower,  forehead  less  tinged  with  tawny; 
entire  throat  and  foreneck  pale  buff;  dusky  streaking  below  less  pronounced  and 
chiefly  restricted  to  chest  and  sides,  leaving  an  extensive  area  in  the  middle  plain 
grayish  white.  Size  about  the  same. 

Eight  specimens  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  153 

7:    Peru  (Mountains  east  of  Balsas  i,  Huanuco  Mts.  6). 

Asthenes  maculicauda  (Berlepsch)*.     BERLEPSCH'S  BOLIVIAN  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Siptornis  maculicauda  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  49,  p.  92,  1901 — Iquico,  on  the 
Illimani,  Dept.  La  Paz,  Bolivia;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  264,  1919 — 
Aconquija,  Prov.  Tucuman,  Argentina. 

Range:  Andes  of  Bolivia  (Iquico,  Illimani,  Dept.  La  Paz),  and 
northwestern  Argentina  (Sierra  of  Aconquija,  Prov.  Tucumdn). 

Asthenes  virgata  (Sclater}b.    SCLATER'S  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  virgata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  446 — Junin;  TACZANOWSKI, 

I.e.,  p.  527 — Junin;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  141,  1884 — Junin. 
Siptornis  virgata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  71,  1890 — Peru. 
Range:    Andes  of  Peru  (Junin). 

Asthenes  urubambensis  urubambensis  ( Chapman}  °.   URUB AMB A  SPINE- 
TAIL. 

Siptornis  urubambensis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  41,  p.  328,  1919 — 
above  Matchu  Picchu  (Cedrobamba),  Dept.  Cuzco;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  117,  p.  84,  1921 — above  Matchu  Picchu  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  southeastern  Peru  (above 
Matchu  Picchu,  Dept.  Cuzco). 

*Asthenes  urubambensis  huallagae    (ZimmerY.     HUALLAGA   SPINE- 
TAIL. 
Siptornis  urubambensis  huallagae  ZIMMER,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Zool. 

a  Asthenes  maculicauda  (BERLEPSCH):  Nearly  related  to  A.  f.  flammulata,  but 
without  trace  of  the  buff  guttural  spot;  forehead  brighter  chestnut;  under  parts 
buffy  white,  with  the  brownish  streaking  much  less  distinct;  tail  olive  or  rufescent 
brown,  variegated  with  irregular  blackish  spots  and  streaks.  Wing  58-62;  tail  68- 
80;  bill  12-13.  (Translated  from  the  German  original.) 

We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  species  which  may  be  a  geographical  representa- 
tive of  A .  flammulata. 

b  Asthenes  virgata  (SCLATER):  Described  as  being  related  to  A.  flammulata,  but 
larger,  with  the  rump  plain  brown  (unstreaked),  and  the  middle  of  the  belly  white. 
Wing  71;  tail  91. 

Known  only  from  two  specimens  in  the  Polish  Natural  History  Museum,  War- 
saw. We  have  not  seen  this  species. 

0  Asthenes  urubambensis  urubambensis  (CHAPMAN):  Related  to  the  A.  flammu- 
lata group,  but  upper  parts  plain  Prout's  brown,  with  only  a  few  obsolete  buff  streaks 
across  the  hind  neck;  forehead  dark  brown,  streaked  with  buff,  without  any  rufous; 
outer  margins  of  remiges  brown  like  the  back  instead  of  bright  hazel;  tail  without 
rufous;  under  parts  not  unlike  A.  flammulata,  but  gular  spot  smaller,  more  sharply 
denned,  and  of  a  deeper  ochraceous  hue.  Wing  59-63;  tail  77-87;  bill  13-14. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   above  Matchu  Picchu  4  (including  the  type). 

d  A  sthenes  urubambensis  huallagae  (ZIMMER)  :  Similar  to  A .  u.  urubambensis, 
but  upper  parts  much  deeper,  dark  auburn;  pale  streaks  on  forehead  narrower 


154  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Ser.,  12,  p.  53,  1924 — Mountains  near  Hua'nuco,  Peru. 
Range:    Mountains  near  Huanuco,  Dept.  Huanuco,  Peru. 
2:    Peru  (Huanuco  Mountains  2). 

Genus  THRIPOPHAGA  Cabanis. 

Thripophaga  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  338,  1847 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(GRAY,  1855,  p.  28)  Anabates  macrourus  WIED. 

*Thripophaga  macroura  (Wied).    STRIATED  SOFT-TAIL. 

Anabates  macrourus  WIED,  Reise  Bras.,  2,  p.  147  (ed.  in  8°,  p.  146),  1821 — Rio 
Catole",  Bahia. 

Sphenura  striolata  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  42,  1823 — 
Bahia;  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  pi.  83,  fig.  2,  1824. 

Anabates  (Sphenura)  striatus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  I,  p.  83,  1824 — Bahia  (type  in 
Munich  Museum  examined). 

Xenops  ruficollaris  LESSON,  Cent.  Zool.,  p.  101,  pi.  36,  1831 — "Mexico  or  Cali- 
fornia." 

Anabates  striolatus  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  40,  pi.  238,  fig.  i,  1823 — Bahia; 
WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1182,  1831 — Brazil  (habits);  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  39,  note  i,  1868. 

Thripophaga  striolata  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  35,  1856 — 
Brazil  (descr.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  83,  1890 — Bahia. 

Thripophaga  macroura  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  245,  1889 — (note 
on  Wied's  types);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3, 
p.  628,  1906  (note  on  Spix's  type);  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  237,  1907 — 
Bahia  and  Espirito  Santo. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia 
and  Espirito  Santo". 

i :    Brazil  (Bahia  i). 

Thripophaga  cherriei  Berlepsch  and  Hartert*.    CHERRIE'S  SOFT-TAIL. 
Thripophaga  cherriei  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  60,  pi.  12, 

and  not  extending  beyond  the  eye;  sides  of  head  and  neck  as  well  as  under  parts 
more  purely  white,  the  dusky  streaks  broader,  more  regular,  and  of  a  deeper  sepia 
brown;  flanks  deeper  brown,  without  trace  of  light  streaking.  Wing  (male)  63, 
(female)  62;  tail  87,  (female)  77;  bill  13-6- 15- 

B  In  addition  to  numerous  "Bahia"  skins  in  various  collections,  I  have  examined 
an  adult  male  from  Villa  Alegre,  Espirito  Santo,  obtained  by  F.  Zikan  on  January  2, 
1912,  in  the  Museum  of  the  Senckenbergian  Natural  History  Society,  Frankfort, 
Germany. 

a  Thripophaga  cherriei  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT:  Upper  parts  olive  brown,  with 
a  slight  rufescent  cast  on  the  back;  wings  bright  rufous  brown,  somewhat  lighter  on 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  155 

fig.  2,  1902 — Capuano,  Rio  Orinoco,  Venezuela;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst., 
Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  262,  1916 — Capuano. 

Range:  Venezuela,  upper  Orinoco  (Capuano,  twenty-five  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  the  river  Vichado). 

Thripophaga  fusciceps  fusciceps  Sclater*.    BROWN-HEADED  SOFT-TAIL. 

Thripophaga  fusciceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1889,  p.  33 — Bolivia  (type  in 
British  Museum  examined):  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  85,  1890 — 
Bolivia. 

Range:  Bolivia,  southeastern  Peru  (Rio  Tavara,  La  Pampa),  and 
eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo)b. 

Thripophaga  fusciceps  obidensis  Todd*.    LOWER  AMAZONIAN  SOFT-TAIL. 

Thripophaga  fusciceps  obidensis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  80,  1925 
— Islands  near  Obidos,  Brazil. 

Range:    Northern  Brazil,  on  islands  of  the  Amazon,  near  Obidos. 

the  wing-coverts,  inner  web  of  remiges  dusky;  tail,  including  upper  tail-coverts 
chestnut  rufous;  lores  and  narrow  superciliary  streak  buff;  sides  of  head  buff,  streaked 
with  dusky ;  chin  and  upper  throat  bright  orange  rufous,  forming  a  well  defined  patch ; 
remainder  of  under  surface  light  olive  brown,  foreneck  and  sides  of  neck  marked  with 
very  conspicuous  buff  shaft  stripes,  becoming  evanescent  on  the  chest;  axillars,  under 
wing-coverts,  and  quill  lining  bright  ochraceous;  bill  horn  brown,  below  pale  yellow- 
ish. Wing  66;  tail  65,  67;  bill  15-16. 

Two  specimens,  the  type  in  the  Berlepsch  collection  and  a  male  in  the  Tring 
Museum  examined. 

While  not  unlike  T.  macroura  in  style  of  coloration,  especially  below,  this  species 
has  a  proportionately  shorter  tail. 

a  Thripophaga  fusciceps  fusciceps  SCLATER  :  The  plain  light  buff y  brown  pileum 
and  under  parts,  the  (slightly  fulvescent)  Dresden  brown  back,  and  theclear  cinnamon 
rufous  wings  and  tail  distinguish  this  rare  species.  In  shape  of  wings  and  tail,  and 
proportion  of  tarsus,  it  nearly  agrees  with  T.  macroura,  differs,  however,  by  much 
shorter,  stouter  bill  with  more  convex  culmen,  and  less  elongated,  more  rounded 
crown  feathers.  It  is  probably  not  strictly  congeneric,  but  the  allied  T.  baroni 
holds  an  intermediate  position. 

b  An  unsexed  adult  from  the  Rio  Napo  (Tring  Museum)  differs  from  the  three 
Bolivian  skins  in  the  British  Museum  by  shorter  bill  and  tail,  darker  (earthy  brown) 
pileum,  slightly  darker  back,  and  deeper  rufous  wings  and  tail.  Two  birds  from 
southeastern  Peru  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  very  nearly 
agree  with  the  Ecuadorian  bird. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Three  unsexed  adults  from  Bolivia                               70,74,80  80,85,91  14 

One  adult  male  from  La  Pampa,  Peru                          72  73  12 

One  unsexed  adult  from  Rio  Napo,  Ecuador               76  75  13 

c  Thripophaga  fusciceps  obidensis  TODD:  Differs  from  T.  f.  fusciceps  in  much 
brighter,  clay  color  (instead  of  buffy  brown)  under  parts,  passing  into  deep  cinna- 
mon on  flanks,  and  deep  cinnamon  or  argus  brown  (instead  of  fulvescent  Dresden 
brown)  back  and  upper  tail-coverts.  Besides,  the  pileum  which,  in  the  typical  race,  is 
much  duller  and  less  brownish,  hardly  differs  in  color  from  the  back;  the  axillars  and 


156  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thripophaga  berlepschi  Hellmayr*.    BERLEPSCH'S  SOFT-TAIL. 

Thripophaga  berlepschi  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  503,  Sept.  1905 — Leima- 
bamba,  Peru. 

Range:  Northern  Peru  (only  known  from  Leimabamba,  Dept. 
Amazonas). 

Genus  DRIOCTISTES  Ridgwayb. 

Drioctistes  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  71,  1909 — type  Thripophaga 
sclateri  BERLEPSCH  =  Anumbius  ferrugineigula  PELZELN. 

Drioctistes  erythrophthalmus  erythrophthalmus   (Wied).     RED-EYED 
SOFT-TAIL. 

Anabates  erythrophthalmus  WIED,  Reise  Bras.,  2,  p.  147  (ed.,  in  8°  p.  146),  1821 — 
Rio  Catote,  Bahia;  idem,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1175,  1831 — Rio 
Catote  (habits);  DESMURS,  Iconog.  ornith.,  livr.  8,  pi.  44,  1847  (figure  of 
type);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  30,  1856 — Rio  Catole'  (ex 
WIED);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  39,  note  2,  1868 — Brazil. 

Anabates  aradoides  LAFRESNAYE,  Mag.  Zool.,  2,  cl.  2,  pi.  8,  1832 — "Bre'sil"  (type 
now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  examined). 

Platyurus  affinis  SWAINSON,  Orn.  Drawings,  Part  5,  pi.  57,  1839  (?) — Brazil. 

Thripophaga  erythrophthalma  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  245,  1889 — 
Rio  Catole'  (note  on  Wied's  types);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  84, 
1890 — Brazil;  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  237 — Bahia. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia 
and  Rio  de  Janeiro0. 

Drioctistes  erythrophthalmus  ferrugineigula  (Pelzeln)*.    RED-BREASTED 
SOFT-TAIL. 

under  wing-coverts  are  deeper  orange  ochraceous ;  the  bill  is  somewhat  longer,  with  the 
pale  tip  of  the  maxilla  less  distinct.  Wing  (one  male)  75;  (four  females)  70-72;  tail 
70-76;  bill  I3-5-I4-5- 

Six  specimens  from  the  type  locality  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  examined. 

*  Thripophaga  berlepschi  HELLMAYR:    Differs  from  T.  fusciceps  in  having  the 
upper  and  middle  back,  sides  of  neck,  and  chest  cinnamon  rufous,  strongly  contrasted 
with  the  light  olive  brown  of  crown,  rump  and  posterior  lower  parts ;  the  throat  cin- 
namon buff;  the  upper  tail-coverts  washed  with  cinnamomeous ;  the  rufous  of  wings 
and  tail  deeper  in  tone.    Bill  longer  and  much  slenderer.    Wing   (adult  male)    77; 
tail  87;  bill  16. 

b  This  genus  is  nearly  related  to  Phacellodomus,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  much 
longer  as  well  as  slenderer  tarsus,  elevated,  extremely  compressed  mesorhinium,  and 
proportionately  shorter  wings.  It  is  hardly  explainable  how  the  members  of  this 
group  could  have  ever  been  associated  with  Thripophaga,  which  has  much  longer 
wings,  shorter  tarsi  and  a  quite  differently  shaped  bill,  while  the  nostrils  and  nasal 
operculum  are  exposed  for  much  the  greater  part. 

•  Specimens  examined:   Bahia  i,  Rio  de  Janeiro  i,  "Brazil"  2. 

d  Drioctistes  erythrophthalmus  ferrugineigula  (PELZELN)  :  Nearly  related  to  D.  e. 
erythrophthalmus,  but  rufous  of  forehead  extended  over  the  crown;  median  rectrices 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  157 

Anumbius  ferrugineigula  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss. 
Wien,  31,  p.  322,  1858 — "Cape  Horn,"  errore,  we  suggest  Prov.  Sao  Paulo 
(type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Thripophaga  sdateri  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  (5)  i,  p.  490,  pi.  13,  1883 — Sao  Paulo 
(type)  and  Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (type  in  Berlepsch  collection  exam- 
ined); BERLEPSCH  and  IHERINGJ  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  144,  1885 — Taquara, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  84,  1890 — Pelotas 
(Rio  Grande  do  Sul),  Sao  Paulo;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 
16,  p.  129,  1899 — Mundo  Novo;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  224,  1899 — 
Sao  Paulo,  and  Sao  Lourenco,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  245,  1900 
(nest  and  egg  descr.). 

Thripophaga  ferrugineigula  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  27, 
28,  1905  (crit.,  range);  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  237,  1907 — Ypiranga, 
Sao  Paulo,  Itatiba,  Ubatuba. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Sao  Paulo  (Ypiranga, 
Itatiba,  Ubatuba),  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo, 
Sao  Lourengo,  Pelotas). 

Genus  PHACELLODOMUS  Reichenbach*. 

Phacellodomus  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scans.,  A,  Sittinae,  p.  169, 
1853 — type  by  monotypy  Anabates  rufifrons  WIED. 

Phaceloscenus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  71,  1909 — type  Anumbius 
striaticollis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

*Phacellodomus  rufifrons  rufifrons   (Wied).     RED-FRONTED  THORN- 
BIRD. 

Anabates  rufifrons  WIED,  Reise  Bras.,  2,  p.  177,  1821 — Rio  Ressaque,  s.  Bahia; 
idem,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1119,  1831 — Campos  of  southern  Bahia; 
SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  I,  p.  84,  pi.  85,  fig.  i,  1824 — Minas  Geraes. 

Malurus  garrulus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  111.,  3,  pi.  138,  1822 — Bahia. 

Sphenura  frontalis  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  42,  1823 — Bahia. 

Anumbius  frontalis  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  ttbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  36,  1856 — Brazil. 

dusky  brown,  instead  of  rufous  like  the  lateral  ones;  cinnamon  rufous  color  under- 
neath not  restricted  to  throat  and  foreneck,  but  extending  well  over  the  chest  and 
gradually  merging  into  the  ochraceous  buff  of  the  abdomen.  Wing  62-65 ;  tail  85-94; 
bill  16-17. 

Material  examined. — Type  of  Anumbius  ferrugineigula  PELZELN  i,  Sao  Paulo 
(type  of  T.  sdateri)  i,  Ypiranga  2,  Sao  Lourengo  2,  Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul  i. 

8  Subdivision  of  this  genus  appears  impracticable.  While  P.  striaticollis,  P.  dor- 
salis  and  P.  ruber  have  shorter  tarsi  and  wings,  and  a  more  strongly  graduated  tail 
than  the  genotype,  P.  striaticeps  and  P.  sibilatrix  occupy  a  somewhat  intermediate 
position.  Wing  and  tail  are  of  nearly  equal  length,  the  latter  is  even  less  graduated 
than  in  P.  rufifrons,  and  in  length  of  tarsus  they  are  just  between  Phacellodomus 
(P.  rufifrons)  and  Phaceloscenus  (P.  striaticollis). 


158  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Anumbius  rufifrons  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  38,  1868 — part,  Bahia. 
Phacellodomus  frontalis  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,   1870, 

p.  380 — Lagoa  Santa,  Sete  Lagoas,  Minas  Geraes. 
PhaceUodomus  rufifrons  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  244,  1889 — (note 

on  Wied's  types);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3, 

p.  630,  1906 — part,  Minas  Geraes,  Bahia;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem. 

Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  84,  1906 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Bahia,  Paracatii, 

Minas  Geraes. 
Phacelodomus  rufifrons  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  80,  1890 — part,  spec. 

e-k,  Bahia;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  68, 

1910 — part,  Alagoinhas,  Santa  Rita,  Bahia;  Sao  Antonio  do  Gilboez,  Piauhy. 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia,  Piauhy,  and  Minas 
Geraes". 

10:  Brazil  (Sao  Amaro,  Bahia  4;  Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa, 
Minas  Geraes  6). 

*Phacellodomus    rufifrons    sincipitalis     Cabanis*.      WESTERN    RED- 
FRONTED  THORN-BIRD. 
Phacellodomus  sincipitalis  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  31,  p.  109,  1883 — vicinity  of 

Tucuman  (city). 
Anumbius  rufifrons  (not  of  WIED)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2, 

in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  19,  1838 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined); 

PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  125,  1859 — 

Arica,  Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  38,  1868 — part,  Arica, 

Cuyaba  (spec,  examined). 
Anumbius  frontalis  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  merid., 

Ois.,  p.  256,  1839 — "Sicasica"=  Chiquitos. 
Phacellodomus  frontalis  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  250,  1860 — Tucuman; 

idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  467,  1861 — Tucuman;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880, 

p.  359 — Salta;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  192,  1888 — part,  Salta. 
Hacelodomus  (sic)  sibilator  (errore)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 

p.  621 — "Sicasica"  =Chiquitos  (ex  Anumbius  frontalis  D'ORBIGNY). 

Phacelodomus0  rufifrons  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  80,  1890 — part, 
spec,  a-d,  Salta,  Bolivia,  Matto  Grosso;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5, 

•  Birds  from  Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa,  Paracatu)  are  slightly  intermediate  to 
P.  r.  sincipitalis,  though  taken  as  a  whole  much  nearer  to  typical  rufifrons,  from 
Bahia. 

Material. — Sao  Amaro,  Bahia  4,  Alagoinhas,  Bahia  3,  Santa  Rita,  Rio  Preto, 
Bahia  i,  Bahia  trade  skins  14,  Sao  Antonio  do  Gilboez,  Piauhy  2,  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas 
6,  Paracatu,  Minas  i,  "Minas  Geraes"  3. 

b  Phacellodomus  rufifrons  sincipitalis  CABANIS:  Differs  from  P.  r.  rufifrons  by 
more  brownish  (less  grayish)  back,  with  the  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  conspicu- 
ously fulvous;  much  brighter,  more  fulvous  flanks  and  crissum,  and  decidedly  cin- 
namomeous  or  rufescent  lateral  rectrices. 

Material. — Tucuman  13,  Oran,  Salta  2,  Chiquitos,  Bolivia  i,  Paraguay  (San  Sal- 
vador, Fort  Wheeler)  3,  Matto  Grosso  (Arica,  Cuyaba,  Urucum,  Descalvados)  12. 

0  Sometimes  spelled  PhaceUodomus. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  159 

p.  112,  1893 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8, 
p.  191,  1902 — Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  p.  53,  1905 
— Tucuman;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  223,  1904 — Santa  Ana,  [Lara,  errore],  Tucu- 
man; Bruch,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Rosario  de  Lerma, 
Salta;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  84, 
1906 — part,  spec,  e-h,  Miranda,  "Goyaz"  (  =  Matto  Grosso);  Salvador,  Para- 
guay; Santa  Ana,  Tucuman;  Chiquitos,  Bolivia;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  132 — • 
Puerto  Maria,  Paraguay;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  57,  1917 — 
Pocone",  Caceres,  Matto  Grosso. 

Phacelodomus  sincipitalis  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  12,  No.  272,  p.  19, 
1897 — Sao  Francisco,  Caiza,  s.e.  Bolivia;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  18,  p.  300,  1910 — part,  Salta,  Tucuman. 

Phacellodomus  rufifrons  sincipitalis  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, 
p.  215,  1909 — Santa  Ana,  Tucuman;  Valle  de  Lerma,  Rio  Seco,  Arenal,  Oran, 
Salta. 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia  (Chiquitos,  Caiza);  northwestern  Argen- 
tina, in  provinces  of  Salta  and  Tucuman;  northern  Paraguay  (San 
Salvador,  Puerto  Maria,  Fort  Wheeler),  and  western  Matto  Grosso, 
Brazil. 

5 :    Argentina,  Prov.  Tucumdn  (Tucuman  2,  Santa  Ana  i,  Sarmiento 

2). 

>• 

*Phacellodomus  rufifrons  peruvianus  subsp.  nov.».     PERUVIAN  RED- 
FRONTED  THORN-BIRD. 

Placellodomus  frontalis  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  231 — Guajango;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  143,  1884 — Callacate  and 
Maranon  Valley. 

Phacellodomus  frontalis  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  200 — Callacate. 

Phacelodomus  rufifrons  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  80, 
1890 — part,  spec,  m,  Guajango. 

Phacellodomus  rufifrons  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  453,  1918 — Bellavista, 
Perico,  Maranon  Valley  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Northern  Peru,  on  the  Maranon  and  its  affluents,  in  depts. 
of  Cajamarca,  Loreto,  and  Amazonas. 

6:    Peru  (Moyobamba  3,  Rioja  i,  Bellavista  2). 

8  Phacellodomus  rufifrons  peruvianus  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Rioja,  Peru  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History.  No.  54163.  Female, 
July  6,  1912.  W.  H.  Osgood  and  M.  P.  Anderson. 

Closely  related  to  P.  r.  rufifrons,  but  flanks  and  under  tail-coverts  bright  fulvous 
or  ochraceous  as  in  P.  r.  sincipitalis,  and  rufous  on  forehead  generally  lighter.  Sim- 
ilar also  to  P.  r.  sincipitalis,  but  lateral  rectrices  less  rufescent,  back  more  grayish, 
and  rump  much  less  suffused  with  fulvous.  Wing  61-67;  tail  66-75;  bill  13-14.5. 

Material. — Perico  i,  Bellavista  15,  Moyobamba  3,  Rioja  i. 


160  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Phacellodomus  rufifrons  specularis  subsp.  nov.8     PERNAMBUCO  RED- 
FRONTED  THORN-BIRD. 

Phacelodomus  rufifrons  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  is,  p.  80, 
1890 — part,  spec.  1,  Pernambuco;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  68,  1910 — part,  Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife,  Pernambuco. 

Range:    Northeastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Pernambuco. 

*Phacellodomus  rufifrons  inornatus  Ridgway*.    VENEZUELAN  THORN- 
BIRD. 

Phacellodomus  inornatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  "1887",  p.  152, 
1888 — Caracas,  Venezuela;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  369,  1897 — Guanaguana, 
Bermudez;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19, 
p.  86,  1906 — San  Fernando,  Rio  Apure;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  630,  1906 — vicinity  of  Cumana,  San  Fernando  (crit.). 

Placellodomus  frontalis  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1867,  p.  627 — Venezuela. 

Phacelodomus  rufifrons  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  80,  1890  —  part, 
spec,  n,  o,  Venezuela. 

Range:  North  coast  of  Venezuela,  from  Bermudez  (San  Felix, 
Guanaguana)  to  Lara  (Mts.  near  Bucarito,  Tocuyo),  south  to  San 
Fernando,  Rio  Apure. 

13:    Venezuela  (Caracas  i,  Maracay,  Aragua  12). 

"Phacellodomus  striaticeps  striaticeps   (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny). 
RED-SHOULDERED  THORN-BIRD. 

Anumbius  striaticeps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
8,  cl.  2,  p.  19,  1838 — Sicasica,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voy.  Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  254,  1839  (no  locality  given). 

Phacelodomus  striaticeps  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  81,  1890 — part, 
Bolivia;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  223,  1904 — Lara,  Prov.  Tucuman  (spec,  exam- 
ined); LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  53,  1905 — Lara  (ex  BAER);  DABBENE, 

•  Phacellodomus  rufifrons  specularis  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife,  Pernambuco,  Brazil,  in  Vienna  Museum 
Adult  male.  February  17,  1903.  Otmar  Reiser  No.  44. 

Nearest  to  P.  r.  rufifrons,  but  above  more  brownish;  lateral  rectrices  decidedly 
rufescent;  outer  web  of  third  and  succeeding  remiges  margined  with  bright  cinnamon 
rufous,  forming  a  large  alar  speculum;  rufous  of  forehead  deeper  as  well  as  more 
extensive.  In  color  of  tail  and  back  this  form  agrees  with  P.  r.  sincipitalis,  but  has 
less  fulvous  suffusion  on  the  rump,  while  the  large  rufous  alar  speculum  serves  to 
distinguish  it  from  all  other  races.  Wing  64-66;  tail  69-73;  bill  14,  14.5. 

Material. — Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife,  Pernambuco  2. 

b  Phacellodomus  rufifrons  inornatus  RIDGWAY:  Similar  to  P.  r.  rufifrons,  but  with- 
out any  rufous  on  the  forehead.  Material. — San  Felix,  Bermudez  5,  Caracas  i , 
Maracay,  Aragua  12,  Bucarito,  Tocuyo,  Lara  i,  San  Fernando,  Rio  Apure  2. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  161 

Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  301,  1910 — Lara,  Moreno,  n.w.  Argentina; 
idem,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  332,  1914  (range  in  Argentina). 

Phacellodomus  striaticeps  LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  450 — Moreno,  Jujuy;  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  86,  1906 — Sicasica, 
Bolivia;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  216,  1909 — Jujuy;  Norco, 
Lara,  Prov.  Tucuman  (spec,  examined). 

Phacellodomus  striaticeps  striaticeps  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  258, 
1919 — Cuchacancha,  Parotani,  Vinto,  Bolivia;  Tilcara,  Jujuy;  Tafi  del  Valle, 
Tucuman. 

Phacelodomus  sibilator  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVADOR:,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12, 
No.  292,  p.  19,  1897 — Cara-huassi,  Prov.  Salta  (spec,  examined). 

Phacelodomus  sibilatrix  (not  of  SCLATER)  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p,.  53, 
1905 — Norco,  Prov.  Tucumdn  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Andes  of  Bolivia  and  northwestern  Argentina  (in  provinces 
of  Tucumdn,  Salta,  and  Jujuy) a. 

3:    Argentina  (Maimara,  Prov.  Jujuy  3). 

Phacellodomus  striaticeps  griseipectus   Chapman*.     PERUVIAN  RED- 
SHOULDERED  THORN-BIRD. 

Phacellodomus  striaticeps  griseipectus  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  258, 
1919 — Ticatica,  near  Cuzco,  Peru;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  85, 
1921 — Ticatica,  Calca,  Cuzco,  Anta,  La  Raya,  Huaracondo  Canyon,  Peru; 
HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  73,  1920 — Anta,  Sicuani,  Urcos, 
Lucre,  Cuzco,  Peru  (crit.). 

Anumbius  striaticeps  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  678 — Paucartambo,  near  Cuzco. 

Phacellodomus  striaticeps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  599 — 
Tinta,  near  Cuzco;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  129,  1906 — 
Puno,  Dept.  Puno. 

Phacellodomus  striaticeps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  16 — 
Paucartambo;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  144,  1884 — Paucartambo. 

Phacelodomus  striaticeps  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  81,  1890 — part, 
spec,  c-e,  Tinta. 

Range :    Andes  of  southeastern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Cuzco  and  Puno. 

a  Two  Bolivian  specimens  differ  from  eight  Argentine  skins  in  darker  brown  upper 
parts,  less  extended  and  deeper  chestnut  rufous  frontal  area,  deeper  rufous  humeral 
patch  and  basal  portion  of  remiges,  as  well  as  brighter  fulvous  flanks.  Wing  65-68; 
tail  69-75;  bill  14-16. 

b  Phacellodomus  striaticeps  griseipectus  CHAPMAN  :  Very  similar  to  P.  5.  striaticeps, 
but  flanks  and  under  tail-coverts  much  deeper  fulvous,  sometimes  almost  ochraceous 
tawny;  upper  parts  on  average  darker  brown;  superciliaries,  sides  of  head  and  neck 
less  cinnamomeous ;  throat  and  foreneck  often  washed  with  grayish  vinaceous  or 
grayish  buff.  All  of  these  characters,  except  the  deeper  flanks,  are,  however,  far 
from  being  constant.  Wing  (twenty-two  specimens)  67-74;  tail  69-75;  bill  16-18. 


162  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Phacellodomus  sibilatrix  Sclater*.    DOERING'S  THORN-BIRD. 

Phacellodomus  sibilatrix  (DoERiNG  MS.),  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  461 — 
Cordoba  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  WHITE,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  612 — 
Monte  Grande,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i, 
p.  192,  1888 — Cordoba,  Entrerios;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac. 
Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  400,  1890 — Cordoba;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
16,  p.  217,  1909 — La  Soledad,  Entrerios;  Ocampo,  Mocovi,  Prov.  Santa  F£ 
(spec,  examined). 

Placellodomus  sibilatrix  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  209,  1883 — Uruguay 
River,  Entrerios  (nesting  habits). 

Phacelodomus  sibilatrix  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  81,  1890 — Cordoba; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  300 — part,  Cordoba;  Ocampo, 
Prov.  Santa  Fe";  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  B. 
Aires  for  1922-23,  p.  642,  1924 — Buenos  Aires. 

Range:  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Entrerios  (La  Soledad,  Concep- 
cion  del  Uruguay),  Santa  Fe"  (Mocovi,  Ocampo),  Cordoba,  Buenos 
Airesb  (Pacheco),  and  Terr,  del  Chaco  (Puerto  Vermejo). 

*Phacellodomus  ruber  (  Vieillot).    GREATER  THORN-BIRD. 

Furnarius  ruber  VIEELLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  12,  p.  118,  1817 
— based  on  "Afiumbi  Roxo"  Azara  No.  220,  Paraguay. 

Anumbius  ruber  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8, 
cl.  2,  p.  18,  1838 — Corrientes,  and  Mojos,  Bolivia  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum 
examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am^r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  253,  1839 — same  local- 
ities; PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  124, 
1859  (soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  38,  1868 — Nos  Puritis,  Rio  Araguay, 
Goyaz;  Cuyabd,  Villa  Maria  [=San  Luis  de  Caceres],  Matto  Grosso  (spec, 
in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Phacellodomus  ruber  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  379 
— Tolda  creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Rio  S§o  Francisco,  Minas  Gerafis;  BERLEPSCH, 
Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  14,  1887 — Lambare",  Paraguay;  DALGLEISH,  Proc.  Roy. 
Phys.  Soc.  Edin.,  10,  p.  79,  1889— Ytanti,  s.  of  Asunci6n,  Paraguay  (nest  and 
egg  descr.);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19, 
p.  84,  1906 — Paraguay,  Corrientes;  Paracatu,  Minas  Geraes;  Mojos,  Bolivia 
(crit.);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  215,  1909 — Mocovi,  Prov. 
Santa  Fe";  Tucuman;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9,  p.  477,  1914 — Cidade  da 
Barra,  Prov.  Bahia;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  331,  1914 — Argentina. 

8  Phacellodomus  sibilatrix  SCLATER:  Most  nearly  related  to  P.  s.  striaticeps,  but 
much  smaller,  with  much  shorter  and  weaker  bill,  and  only  some  of  the  anterior 
frontal  feathers  narrowly  edged  with  dull  rufous.  It  agrees,  however,  in  having  the 
bend  of  the  wing,  lesser  wing-coverts,  basal  portion  of  secondaries,  and  the  lateral 
rectrices  cinnamon  rufous.  Wing  56-58;  tail  60-64;  bill  11-12.5. 

Material. — The  type  from  Cordoba;  Ocampo  3,  Mocovi,  Santa  F£  2;  Puerto 
Vermejo,  Terr,  del  Chaco  i ;  La  Soledad,  Entrerios  i ;  Pacheco,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  i. 

b  The  bird  recorded  from  Buenos  Aires  (P.  ruber  DURNFORD  Ibis,  1876, 
p.  161 ;  1877,  p.  183)  might  have  belonged  to  P.  sibilatrix.  The  specimens  appear  to 
be  lost. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  163 

Placellodomus  ruber  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  621 — Mojos 
(ex  D'ORBIGNY). 

Phacelodomus  ruber  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  80,  1890 — Bolivia; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  112,  1893 — Corumba,  Matto  Grosso; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  12,  Noi  292,  p.  20,  1897 — San  Lorenzo,  Prov. 
Jujuy;  LILLO,  Revist.  letr.  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  p.  53,  1905 — environs  of 
Tucumdn  city;  IHERING,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i,  p.  236,  1907  (range);  REISER, 
Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  68,  1910 — Pedrodo  Ernesto, 
near  Tapeira,  Rio  Sao  Francisco,  Prov.  Bahia;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  300,  1910 — Tucumdn,  Jujuy,  Chaco;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910, 
p.  528 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  133 — Colonia  Mihano- 
vitch,  Terr.  Formosa;  Bellavista,  Corrientes. 

Phacellodomus  rufipennis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1889,  p.  33 — Bolivia  (type  in 
British  Museum  examined). 

Phacelodomus  rufipennis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  83,  pi.  5,  1890 — 
Bolivia;  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  15,  No.  378, 
p.  7,  1900 — Urucum,  Matto  Grosso. 

Phacellodomus  ruber  rubicola  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  35,  p.  186,  1916 
— San  Lorenzo  River,  Matto  Grosso  (type  in  American  Museum  N.  H.  exam- 
ined). 

Phacellodomus  striaticollis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  KERR,  Ibis, 
1892,  p.  132 — Lower  Pilcomayo,  Fortin  Donovan;  idem,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  226 — 
Villa  Concepcion,  Paraguay;  Paraguayan  Chaco. 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  (Barra,  Pedro  do 
Ernesto,  near  Tapeira,  Rio  Sao  Francisco),  Minas  Geraes  (Paracatii, 
Tolda  creek),  Goyaz  (Nos  Puritis,  Rio  Araguay),  and  Matto  Grosso 
(Cuyabd,  Chapada,  Corumba,  Urucum,  San  Lorenzo  River,  San  Luis 
de  Caceres);  eastern  Bolivia  (plains  of  Moxos);  Paraguay  (Ytafiu, 
Sapucay,  Bernalcue,  Concepcion,  etc.);  northern  Argentina,  in  prov- 
inces of  Corrientes,  Santa  Fe",  Tucuman,  and  Jujuy*. 

4:  Argentina,  Prov.  Tucuman  (Tucuman  i,  Monteagudo  i); 
Bolivia  (Buenavista  2). 

•  With  more  than  thirty  specimens  from  Matto  Grosso,  Paraguay,  and  the 
Argentine  Chaco  before  me  I  am  unable  to  make  out  any  local  races.  The  type  of 
P.  ruber  rubicola  CHERRIE  is  an  exceptionally  bright  colored  example  with  the  back 
very  nearly  as  rufous  as  the  wings,  but  a  small  series  from  Cuyaba,  not  far  from  the 
type  locality,  tends  to  show  that  it  merely  represents  the  extreme  of  individual  varia- 
tion to  which  P.  ruber  is  subject.  While  three  of  the  specimens  are  nowise  different 
from  Paraguayan  birds,  one  adult  female  (Vienna  Museum  No.  19560,  August  9, 
1824)  shows  a  slight  cinnamomeous  tinge  above,  and  two  others  (Vienna  Museum 
No.  19652,  male,  Oct.  8,  1824;  No.  19651,  female,  Oct.  8,  1823)  closely  approach  the 
type  of  rubicola,  by  having  the  upper  back  strongly  suffused  with  cinnamon  rufous. 
The  same  variation  occurs  among  Bolivian  birds,  the  type  of  P.  rufipennis,  being  an 
ordinary  brown  backed  example  like  others  from  Paraguay  and  Santa  F£,  while 
D'Orbigny's  Moxos  specimen  is  almost  uniform  rufous  above,  like  the  type  of 
rubicola.  This  difference  appears  to  be  purely  indivial  and  not  due  to  age,  as  I  was 
once  inclined  to  believe.  The  few  specimens  seen  from  Paracatu  (Minas),  near 
Tapeira  (Bahia),  and  Goyaz  (Rio  Araguay)  seem  to  be  similar  to  others  from  Para- 
guay and  Argentina. 


164  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Phacellodomus  striaticollis  striaticollis  (Lajresnaye  and  D'Orbigny). 
RUFOUS-HEADED  THORN-BIRD. 

Anumbius  striaticollis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
8,  cl.  2,  p.  18,  1838 — Buenos  Aires  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voy.  Amer.  merid.,  Ois.,  p.  255,  1839 — Buenos  Aires;  Monte- 
video, Maldonado,  Uruguay;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  125,  1859 — Curytiba  (soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i, 
p.  38,  1868 — Curytiba,  State  of  Parana,  Brazil  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined). 

Anumbius  ruber  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  80,  1839 
— Maldonado,  Uruguay. 

Phacettodomus  ruber  (errore)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  250,  1860 — near 
Parana,  Entrerios  (spec,  in  British  Museum  examined) ;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata 
St.,  2,  p.  467,  1861 — Parana";  STERNBERG,  Journ.  Orn.,  17,  p.  265,  1869 — 
Buenos  Aires  (nesting  habits);  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  210, 
1883 — Concepcion,  Entreriosb;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  281 — Paysandu,  Uru- 
guay; SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  194,  1888  (Argentina). 

Placettodomus  ruber  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1868,  p.  141 — Conchi- 
tas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  examined). 

Placettodomus  frontalis  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  161 — 
neighborhood  of  Buenos  Aires,  breeding  (spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  examined). 

Phacellodomus  frontalis  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  183 — Belgrano,  Prov.  Buenos 
Aires  (spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  examined8);  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  612 
— Punta  Lara,  near  Buenos  Aires  (spec,  in  Brit.  Museum  examined). 

Placettodomus  sincipitalis  (nqt  of  CABANIS)  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  433 — 
La  Plata. 

Pkacelodomus  sincipitalis  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  B.  Aires  for  1922-23, 
p.  642,  1924 — Buenos  Aires. 

Phacellodomus  striaticollis  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  194,  1888 — 
Uruguay,  Buenos  Aires  (ex  D'ORBIGNY);  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  467 — 
Lomas  de  Zamora,  Prov.  B.  Aires;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  p.  183 — Uruguay; 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  86,  1906 — 
Buenos  Aires,  Montevideo;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  392,  1916 — La  Plata;  GIBSON, 
Ibis,  1918,  p.  414 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Phacelodomus  striaticollis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  82,  1890 — part, 
spec,  a-n,  Uruguay,  Parana,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus. 
Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  19,  1897 — part,  Rosario  de  Santa  Fe";  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  301,  1910  (part,  excl.  Rio  Pilcomayo  and 
Chaco);  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  133 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Los  Ynglases,  Aj6, 
Prov.  B.  Aires. 

Phacellodomus  striaticollis  striaticollis  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, 

B  Whether  its  range  actually  extends  as  far  west  as  Cordoba,  as  Burmeister  asserts, 
requires  confirmation. 

*•  See  ALLEN,  Auk,  6,  p.  269,  1889  (crit.). 

c  The  small  bird,  with  paler  under  parts,  from  Baradero,  mentioned  by  Durn- 
ford,  very  likely  pertained  to  P.  sibilatrix. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  165 

p.  216,  1919 — Pacheco,  Barracas  al  Sud,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  La  Soledad, 

Entrerios;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  332,  1914  (range). 
Phaceloscenus  striaticollis  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Uruguay; 

PEREYRA,  I.e.,  3,  p.  167,  1923 — Zelaya,  San  Isidro,  Prov.  B.  Aires. 
Phaceloscenus  striaticollis  striaticollis  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  168,  1918 — 

Id.  Martin  Garcia;    MARELLI,   Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  B.  Aires  for  1922-23, 

p.  642,  1924 — Buenos  Aires. 

Range:  Eastern  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Santa  Fe  (Rosario, 
Ocampo),  Entrerios,  and  Buenos  Aires,  south  to  Cape  San  Antonio; 
Uruguay;  southeastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Parana  (Curytiba)". 

i:    Argentina  (Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  Fe*  i). 

*Phacellodomus     striaticollis     maculipectus      Cabamsb.       SPOTTED- 
BREASTED  THORN-BIRD. 

Phacellodomus  maculipectus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  31,  p.  109,  1883 — near  San 

Javier,  Prov.  Tucuman. 
Phacelodomus  striaticollis  (not  of  LAFRESNAVE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat. 

B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  82,  1890 — part,  spec,  o-p,  Tucuman;  SALVADORI,  Boll. 

Mus.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  19,  1897 — part,  Lesser,  Prov.  Salta. 
Phacelodomus  maculipectus  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  191,  1902 — • 

Cumbre  de  la  Hoyada;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  53,  1905 — La  Hoyada; 

DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  301,  1910 — La  Hoyada. 
Phacellodomus  striaticollis  maculipectus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, 

p.  216,  1909 — Norco,  Villa  Nougues,  Prov.  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc. 

Physis,  i,  p.  332,  1914  (range). 

Range:    Northwestern  Argentina     (in  provinces  of  Tucuman  and 
Salta),  and  eastern  Bolivia  (Samaipata,  Valle  Grande)0, 
i:    Argentina  (Cuesta  Manfama,  Prov.  Tucuman  i). 

*Phacellodomus  dorsalis  Salvin*.    CHESTNUT-BACKED  THORN-BIRD. 
Phacelodomus  dorsalis  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.   14,  1895 — "Malea"  =Malca, 
near  Cajabamba,  Peru  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

a  Birds  from  Santa  Fe  (Ocampo),  Entrerios,  and  Uruguay  agree  with  others  from 
Buenos  Aires.  Two  specimens,  obtained  by  Natterer  at  Curytiba,  Brazil,  are  darker 
above,  while  the  shafts  of  the  feathers  on  the  hind  neck  are  thickened  and  slightly 
glossy.  Fourteen  specimens  examined. 

b  Phacellodomus  striaticollis  maculipectus  CABANIS:  Similar  to  P.  s.  striaticollis, 
but  crown  brighter  rufous,  with  conspicuous  whitish  shaft  streaks  to  the  frontal 
feathers;  basal  portion  of  quills,  and  lateral  rectrices  deeper  rufous;  cheeks  and  malar 
region  variegated  with  light  rufous,  instead  of  being  plain  creamy  white;  chest  deeper 
rufous,  conspicuously  tipped  with  white;  flanks  darker  buff;  upper  parts  much 
deeper  brown;  size  somewhat  smaller.  Wing  (six  males)  60-63.5,  (one  female)  59; 
tail  76-85;  bill  13-14.5. 

0  Three  adult  males  from  Bolivia  (Valle  Grande,  Samaipata)  agree  in  every  re- 
spect with  three  from  .Tucuman. 

d  Phacellodomus  dorsalis  SALVIN:  This  exceedingly  distinct  species  is  obviously 
most  nearly  related  to  P.  s.  maculipectus  which  it  resembles  in  coloration  and  mark- 


1 66  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Northern  Peru,  in  Dept.  Cajamarca  (Malca;  Hacienda 
Limon,  west  of  Balsas). 

4:    Peru  (Hacienda  Limon,  ten  miles  west  of  Balsas  4). 

( 
Genus  SIPTORNIS  Reichenbach*. 

Siptornis  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Ornith.,  Sittinae,  p.  171,  1853 — type  by 
monotypy  Siptornis  flamulata  (sic)  REICHENBACH  (not  Sittasomus  flammu- 
latus  LESSON)  =Synallaxis  striaticottis  LAFRESNAYE. 

Siptornis  striaticollis  (Lafresnaye) .    STRIPED-NECKED  SPINE-TAIL. 

Synnalaxis  (sic)  striaticollis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  290,  1843 — "Colom- 
bie"=Bogotd. 

Siptornis  flamulata  (sic)  (not  Sittasomus  flammulatus  LESSON)  REICHENBACH, 
Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Sittinae,  p.  171,  pi.  DXIb  =  DCI,  1853 — Colombia. 

Synallaxis  striaticollis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  141,  1855 — Bogota;  idem, 
I.e.,  1874,  p.  19 — Bogotd;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  4, 
p.  185,  1887 — Bogotd. 

Siptornis  striaticollis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  61,  1890 — Bogota; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  407,  1917 — La  Palma  and  Fusu- 
gasuga,  Colombia. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  eastern  Colombia  (slopes  above  Mag- 
dalena  Valley),  and  Ecuador  (Mapoto)b. 

Genus  XENERPESTES  Berlepsch«. 

Xenerpestes  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  (5)  4,  p.  54,  1886 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Xenerpestes 
minlosi  BERLEPSCH. 

Xenerpestes  minlosi  Berlepsch.    DOUBLE-BANDED  SOFT-TAIL. 

Xenerpestes  minlosi  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  (5)  4,  p.  54,  pi.  4,  1886 — Bucaramanga, 

ings  of  chest;  but  is  immediately  recognizable  by  its  much  larger  size,  much 
longer  as  well  as  differently  shaped  bill,  unifom  rufous  tail,  and  by  the  compact 
cinnamon  rufous  area  occupying  the  entire  upper  back,  besides  several  minor  char- 
acters. Wing  71-75;  tail  96-99;  bill  19-21.5. 

8  The  genus  Siptornis  appears  to  be  monotypic.  It  differs  from  Cranioleuca  and 
Asthenes  by  its  strikingly  small,  terminally  much  compressed  bill,  and  exceed- 
ingly short  tail  (barely  more  than  two-thirds  as  long  as  wing),  composed  of  twelve, 
slightly  pointed  rectrices  with  soft  shafts. 

b  A  single  female  from  Mapoto  merely  differs  from  Bogota  skins  by  more  gray- 
ish belly,  and  the  buff  tinge  of  the  terminal  portion  of  the  superciliary  stripe.  Wing 
63;  tail  48.5;  bill  ii. 

0  Xenerpestes  is  so  closely  related  to  Metopothrix  that  the  propriety  of  its  generic 
separation  may  well  be  questioned.  In  fact,  the  only  difference  I  am  able  to  discover 
consists  of  the  slightly  less  graduated  tail  and  the  apically  more  rounded  (less 
pointed)  rectrices. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  167 

Santander,  Colombia  (type  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined) ;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  73,  1890 — Bucaramanga. 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (Bucaramanga,  and  El  Tambor, 
Rio  Lebrija,  Santander;  Malagita,  Choco),  and  eastern  Panama  (Tacar- 
cuna)». 

Xenerpestes  singularis  (Taczanowski  and  Berkpscti)b.     EQUATORIAL 
SOFT-TAIL. 

Synallaxis  singularis  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  96, 
pi.  7,  fig.  2 — Mapoto,  Prov.  Ambato,  7,000  ft.  alt.,  Ecuador  (type  in  Warsaw 
Museum  examined). 

Xenerpestes  singularis  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  106,  108  (crit.). 
Range :    Eastern  Ecuador  (Mapoto) . 

Genus  METOPOTHRIX  Sclater  and  Salvin0. 

Metopothrix  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  190 — type  by  mono- 
typy  Metopothrix  aurantiacus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN. 

Metopothrix  aurantiacus  Sclater  and  Salvin.    ORANGE-FRONTED  SOFT- 
TAIL. 

Metopothrix  aurantiacus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  190,  pi.  18 
— Sarayacu,  Rio  Ucayali,  Peru  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  idem, 
I.e.,  1873,  p.  283 — Sarayacu,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  348,  1884 
— Sarayacu;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  292,  1888 — Sarayacu 
Samiria  (Maranon),  Peru;  Sarayacu,  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  108 
— Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo,  Colombia  (crit.)  (spec,  examined);  MENEGAUX 
and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.,  19,  p.  82,  1906 — Sarayacu,  Peru' 
(crit.). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Cuembi, 
Rio  Putumayo)  through  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu)  south  to  eastern 

a  Material  examined. — Bucaramanga  (the  type)  i,  El  Tambor,  Rio  Lebrija, 
Santander  2  (Carnegie  Museum),  Malagita,  Choc6  i  (Carnegie  Museum);  Tacar- 
cuna,  eastern  Panama  i  (American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York). 

b  Xenerpestes  singularis  (TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH)  :  Differs  chiefly  from 
X.  minlosi  by  rufous  (instead  of  blackish,  white  streaked)  forehead;  distinct  rufous 
streaks  on  anterior  portion  of  crown;  more  olivaceous  (less  grayish)  back,  tail,  and 
wings;  dingy  buff  under  parts,  with  conspicuous  blackish  streaks,  becoming  evanes- 
cent on  the  abdomen;  decidedly  buff  under  tail-coverts;  finally  by  the  white  edges 
to  the  median  and  greater  upper  wing-coverts  being  barely  suggested.  Wing  (one 
male,  the  type)  59.5 ;  tail  52 ;  bill  10. 

"In  concordance  with  the  late  Count  Berlepsch's  view  (see  Ibis,  1903,  p.  108), 
the  genera  Metopothrix  and  Xenerpestes  are  included  among  the  Furnariidae.  While 
I  admit  that  certain  structural  details  point  to  affinities  to  the  Synallaxinae,  the 
aberrant  style  of  coloration  suggests  the  desirability  of  further  investigation  of  their 
systematic  position. 


1 68  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Peru  (Samiria,  Rio  Marafion;  Sarayacu,  Rio  Ucayali),  and  western 
Brazil  (Hyutanahan,  Rio  Purus)*. 

Genus  ANUMBIUS  Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny. 

Anumbius  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2, 
p.  17,  1838 — type  by  tautonomy  Anumbius  anthoides  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'OR- 
BIGNY =  Furnarius  annumbi  VIEILLOT. 

Sphenopyga  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  338,  1847 — type  Furnarius  an- 
numbi VIEILLOT. 

*Anumbius  annumbi  (  Vieilloi).    FIREWOOD  GATHERER. 

Furnarius  annumbi  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  12,  p.  117, 
1817 — based  on  Azara  No.  222:  "Anumbi",  Paraguay. 

Anthus  acuticaudatus  LESSON,  Traits  d'Orn.,  p.  424,  1831 — no  locality  given. 

Anumbius  anthoides  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8, 
cl.  2,  p.  17,  1838 — Corrientes,  Argentina  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voy.  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  252,  1839 — banks  of  the  Rio  Negro; 
Bay  of  San  Bias;  Montevideo,  Maldonado,  Uruguay;  Corrientes. 

Synallaxis  major  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  76,  pi.  22,  1839 — Maldon- 
ado, Uruguay. 

Anumbius  acuticaudatus  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  p.  250,  1860 — Parand, 
idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  467,  1861 — Paranab;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  141 — Conchitas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  PELZELN,  Sit- 
zungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  124,  1859  (soft  parts); 
idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  38,  1868 — Faz.  do  Rio  Verde,  ItararS  (S.  Paulo) 
Jaguaraiba,  Curytiba  (Parana),  Beiraba  legitima,  near  Uberaba  (Minas 
Geraes);  STERNBERG,  Journ.  Orn.,  17,  p.  265,  1869 — Buenos  Aires  (nesting 
habits);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturh.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  381 — Beiraba, 
Minas;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  181 — Buenos  Aires  (habits);  DOERING  in 
Roca,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  I,  Zool.,  p.  48,  1881 — Carhue',  Nueva  Roma, 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  valleys  of  the  Rio  Colorado  and  Rio  Negro;  WHITE, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  612 — Salto  and  Flores  (Buenos  Aires),  Misiones; 
BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  211,  1883 — Conception,  Entrerios  (nest- 
ing habits);  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  281 — Paisandu,  Uruguay;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  189 — Argentina  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  75,  1890 — Uruguay,  Buenos  Aires,  Parana,  Corrientes,  Chubut; 
STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  400,  1890 — 
Cordoba;  FRENZEL,  Journ.  Orn.,  39,  p.  123,  1891 — Cordoba;  HOLLAND,  Ibis, 

"Material  examined. — Colombia:  Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo  i.  Peru:  Sarayacu, 
Rio  Ucayali  2.  Brazil:  Hyutanahan,  Rio  Purvis  3. 

b  Burmeister  expressly  states  that  the  species  is  not  found  either  in  the  west 
(near  Mendoza)  or  in  the  north  (at  Tucumdn).  His  remarks  appear  to  have  been 
misunderstood  by  the  several  authors  quoting  Burmeister  as  authority  for  its  occur- 
rence at  Mendoza  (SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Argent.  Orn.,  i,  p.  189;  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.^Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  299;  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  1906,  p.  33). 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  169 

1890,  p.  425;  1892,  p.  202 — Est.  Espartillar,  Prov.  B.  Aires;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894, 
p.  183 — Uruguay;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  12,  1895 — 
Paraguari,  Villa  Rica,  Paraguay;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  224,  1899 — 
Sao  Paulo;  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  129,  1899 — Sao 
Lourenco,  Pedras  Brancas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  132 — 
Los  Ynglases,  Aj6,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  GIBSON,  I.e.,  1918,  p.  412 — Cape  San 
Antonio,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (habits). 

Anumbius  anumbi  BERG,  Communic.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  i,  No.  8,  p.  286,  1901 
(nomencl.);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19, 
p.  82,  1916 — Corrientes;  Cascambre,  S.  Paulo;  Maldonado,  Uruguay;  Rio 
Negro,  Patagonia  (crit.);  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  236,  1907 — Itarare', 
(S.  Paulo),  Paranagua  ("Sta.  Catharina"=  Parana),  Buenos  Aires;  HARTERT 
and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  215,  1919 — Flores,  Barracas  al  Sud,  Tigre, 
Prov.  B.  Aires;  La  Soledad,  Entrerios;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos 
Aires,  18,  p.  299,  1910  (range  in  Argentina);  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  309,  1912 — 
Itape'-Mini,  near  Villa  Rica,  Paraguay  (crit.);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  527 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay  (egg.  descr.);  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  391,  1916 — La  Plata; 
MARELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  78,  1918 — Curuzu  Cuatia,  Prov.  Corrientes; 
DABBENE,  I.e.,  p.  167 — Isl.  Martin  Garcia;  TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  20,  1920 
— Uruguay;  RENARD,  I.e.,  p.  59 — Canuelas,  B.  Aires;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268, 
1920 — Rosas,  Prov.  B.  Aires;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  48,  1921 — Santa 
Elena,  Entrerios;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  3,  p.  167,  1923 — Zelaya,  Prov.  B.  Aires; 
MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  (Buenos  Aires)  for  1922-23,  p.  611,  1924 — 
prov.  Buenos  Aires  and  Entrerios. 

Anumbius  annumbi  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Mus.,  25,  p.  134,  1902 — Sapucay, 
Paraguay. 

Anumbius  anthoides  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  528 — Uruguay,  Buenos  Aires. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  western  Minas  Geraes  (Uber- 
aba,  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem)  and  Sao  Paulo  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul ; 
Uruguay;  Paraguay;  eastern  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Cordoba,  Santa 
Fe",  Corrientes,  Entrerios,  Misiones,  and  Buenos  Aires,  south  to  the 
Rio  Negro  and  (according  to  Durnford)  even  to  the  lower  Chubut". 

21 :  Argentina  (Noetinger,  near  Marco  Paz,  Prov.  Cordoba  16;  Est. 
La  Maria  Luisa,  Bonifacio  2,  Barracas  al  Sud,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  i; 
Las  Rosas,  Prov.  Santa  F£  2). 

8  Careful  comparison  of  over  forty  skins  from  various  parts  of  the  range  (Agua 
Suja,  Minas  Geraes  7,  Sao  Paulo  5,  Parand  3,  Sao  Lourengo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  i, 
Corrientes  i,  Prov.  Cordoba  16,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  7,  Paraguay  i,  Uruguay  i,  Rio 
Negro  2)  fails  to  reveal  any  racial  differences,  so  far  as  coloration  is  concerned.  Birds 
in  freshly  molted  plumage  are  more  brownish  above  and  deep  buff  underneath. 
In  abraded  condition  the  upper  parts  have  a  more  grayish  tone  while  the  under  sur- 
face becomes  dingy  whitish.  While  some  Brazilian  examples  are  remarkably  large, 
their  wing  measurement  attaining  88  or  89  mm.,  the  majority  do  not  differ  in  size 
from  Paraguayan  and  Argentina  birds,  the  largest  of  which  have  the  wing  as  long 
as  85  mm.  This  difference  appears  to  be  too  insignificant  to  warrant  the  recogni- 
tion of  a  Brazilian  race.  Birds  from  Maldonado  (major  GOULD)  and  Corrientes 
(anthoides)  are  obviously  inseparable  from  typical  annumbi  of  Paraguay. 


170  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Subfamily  MARGARORNINITHINAE. 

Genus  MARGARORNIS  Reichenbach. 

Margarornis  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scans.,  A,  Sittinae,  p.  179,  August 
1853 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY,  1855,  p.  28)  Sittasomus  perlatus  LESSON. 

Anabasitta  LAFRESNAYE",  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  5,  p.  492,  Nov.  1853 — type  Ana- 
bates  squamiger  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

*Margarornis  squamigera  squamigera  (Lafresnaye  and  D'0rbigny).b 
SPOTTED  MARGARORNIS. 

Anabates  squamiger  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8, 
p.  14,  1838 — Ayupaya,  Bolivia  (type  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Cambridge 
examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amdr.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  369,  pi.  54,  fig.  2, 
1847 — near  Palca,  Prov.  Ayupaya,  Bolivia. 

Anabasitta  squamigera  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  5,  p.  492,  1853 — part, 
Bolivia. 

Margarornis  squamigera  SAL  VIN,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  322  (noteon  type  in  coll.  Boston  Soc. 
N.  Hist.);  SCLATER  and  SAL  VIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  622 — Palca,  Tilotilo, 
Bolivia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  121,  1890 — Tilotilo,  Bolivia. 

Range:  Western  Bolivia  (Palca,  Cocapata,  Cillutincara,  Sandil- 
jani,  Unduavi,  Tilotilo) ,  and  extreme  southeastern  Peru  (Carabaya  Mts.) . 

i:    Peru  (Limbani,  Carabaya  i). 

*Margarornis  squamigera  peruviana  Cory.    PERUVIAN  SPOTTED  MAR- 
GARORNIS. 

Margarornis  perlata  peruviana  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
p.  291,  1913 — Tambo  Ventija,  ten  miles  east  of  Molinopampa,  Dept.  Ama- 
zonas,  Peru. 

a  In  Diet.  Univ.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  41 1,  1841,  where  it  first  appeared  in  print,  Ana- 
basitta is  a  nomen  nudum. 

b  Margarornis  squamigera  squamigera  (LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY:)  Differs 
from  M.  s.  peruviana  by  deeper  yellow  superciliaries;  almost  unstreaked  and  brighter 
yellow  sides  of  head,  with  the  upper  portion  of  the  auriculars  more  rufous  brown; 
deeper  yellow  under  parts,  and  especially  by  having  the  crown  chestnut  rufous  like 
the  back,  instead  of  rufescent  or  olive  brown. 

A  single  adult  female  from  Limbani,  Peru  agrees  well  with  the  average  of  twelve 
Bolivian  specimens. 

0  Margarornis  squamigera  peruviana  CORY:  Similar  to  M.  s.  perlata,  but  super- 
ciliaries, malar  region,  and  under  parts  much  more  yellowish. 

This  form,  although  closely  allied  to,  seems  fairly  separable  from  M.  s.  perlata. 
In  a  series  of  seventeen  Peruvian  skins  only  two  (females  from  Panao  Mts.)  are, 
underneath,  hardly  distinguishable  from  the  most  yellowish  Colombian  specimens, 
yet  their  superciliaries  are  decidedly  brighter  yellow.  Besides  our  own  material,  I 
have  examined  an  immature  bird  from  Maraynioc  (Culumachay),  male  and  female 
from  Torontoy,  and  an  adult  female  from  Cedrobamba,  in  the  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum. The  latter  do  not  show  any  variation  in  the  direction  of  M.  s.  squamigera. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  171 

Margarornis  squamigera  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  TACZANOWSKI, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  529 — Maraynioc;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  201 — Cutervo; 
idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  27 — Tamiapampa. 

Margarornis  perlatus  (not  of  LESSON)  TACZANOWSKi.Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  164,  1884 — 
Maraynioc,  Cutervo,  Tamiapampa. 

Margarornis  perlata  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  376 
Maraynioc  (spec,  examined);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  85, 
1921 — Cedrobamba,  above  Torontoy,  Urubamba  region  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  Peru,  from  depts.  Amazonas  and  Caja- 
marca  south  to  Junin  and  Cuzco  (Urubamba  region). 

13:  Peru  (Tambo  Ventija,  near  Molinopampa  7,  Panao  Mts., 
Huanuco  6). 

*Margarornis  squamigera  perlata  (Lesson).    LESSON'S  SPOTTED  MAR- 
GARORNIS. 

Sittasomus  perlatus  LESSON,  Echo  du  Monde  Savant,  n,  No.  12,  p.  275,  Aug. 
n,  1844 — Colombia. 

Margarornis  squamigera  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  23,  p.  142,  1855 — Bogota;  idem,  I.e.,  26,  p.  553,  1858 — Titiacun,  Pin- 
ipi,  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  1860,  p.  66 — Chillanes;  I.e.,  p.  88 — above  Puellaro; 
idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  160,  1862 — Bogota,  Titiacun;  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  781 — Paramos  of  M£rida,  Venezuela. 

Margarornis  perlata  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  323 — Bogota  (crit.);  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  523 — Santa  Elena  (egg  descr.);  BERLEPSCH 
and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  300 — Chaguarpata;  idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  98 — 
Banos;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  121,  1890 — Sierra  of  Merida, 
Bogotd,  Santa  Elena,  Medellin,  Titiacun,  Sical;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  24,  1899 — Pun,  El  Troye  (Huaca),  Chaupi, 
Frutillas,  Papallacta;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  62 — Pichincha,  Papallacta; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  416,  1917 — Cerro  Munchique, 
Almaguer,  Valle  de  las  Pappas,  Laguneta,  Santa  Isabel,  El  Pinon,  Colombia; 
L6NNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  70,  1922 — above  Lloa. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador,  Colombia  (ex- 
cept Santa  Marta  Mountains),  and  western  Venezuela  (Sierra  of  Me*r- 
ida)». 

15:  Colombia  (Bogotd  5,  Almaguer  2);  Venezuela,  Andes  of  Me*r- 
ida  (Escorial  2,  Conejos  i,  Nevados  2,  Culata  2);  Ecuador  (unspeci- 
fied i). 

Margarornis  bellulus  Nelson*.    BEAUTIFUL  MARGARORNIS. 

Margarornis  bellulus  NELSON,  Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.,  60,  No.  3,  p.  12,  Sept.  1912 — 

a  Birds  from  the  Andes  of  Merida  agree  with  those  from  Colombia  whence  I 
have  examined  numerous  specimens  taken  in  all  three  ranges.  Two  skins  from 
Ecuador  do  not  appear  to  be  different  either. 

b  Margarornis  bellulus  NELSON:  Allied  to  M.  s.  perlata,  but  quite  different  by 
having  the  top  of  the  head  bister  brown,  and  the  back  including  the  wing-coverts 


172  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mount  Pirri,  near  head  of  Rio  Limon,  Panama  (type  examined). 
Range:    Eastern  Panama  (Mount  Pirri). 

Margarornis  stellata  Sclater  and  Salvin*.     FULVOUS-SPOTTED   MAR- 
GARORNIS. 

Margarornis  stellata  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  p.  160,  1873 
— Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  122 — Quito,  Ecuador;  GOOD- 
FELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  61 — Intag,  Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  36,  p.  416,  1917 — N6vita  Trail,  San  Antonio,  Colombia. 

Range:  Western  Ecuador  (Intag),  and  western  Colombia  (N6vita 
Trail,  San  Antonio). 

*Margarornis  rubiginosa  rubiginosa  Lawrence.     COSTA  RICAN  MAR- 
GARORNIS. 

Margarornis  rubiginosa  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  128,  1867 
— San  JosS,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  122,  1890 — part, 
spec,  a-e,  San  Jose1,  Irazti,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centrali-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  170,  pi.  47,  fig.  i,  1891 — part,  Costa 
Rica;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  46,  1902 — Boquete,  Volcan  de 
Chiriqui;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  646,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (hab- 
its); FERRY,  Field  Mus.  N.  H.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  270,  1910 — Coliblanco 
and  Volcan  de  Turrialba,  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  p.  178,  1911 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Volcan  de  Chir- 
iqui). 

Range:  Highlands  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Chiriqui  (Boquete, 
Volcan  de  Chiriqui). 

13:  Costa  Rica  (Volcan  de  Turrialba  6,  Coliblanco  3,  El  Roble, 
Irazu  i,  La  Carpintera  i,  unspecified  2). 

Margarornis  rubiginosa  boultoni  Griscom*.    VERAGUA  MARGARORNIS. 

Margarornis  rubiginosa  boultoni  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  141,  p.  4,  Oct. 
1924 — Cerro  Flores,  eastern  Chiriqui,  Panama. 

burnt  umber  (instead  of  chestnut  rufous) ;  the  upper  tail-coverts,  rectrices,  tertials, 
and  outer  web  of  quills  much  deeper  chestnut ;  the  superciliary  streak  decidedly  buff, 
not  yellowish  white;  under  parts  as  in  its  ally,  but  the  yellowish  spots  much  smaller; 
the  band  across  inner  web  of  quills  much  deeper,  ochraceous  rather  than  buff ;  size  some- 
what smaller;  bill  longer.  Wing  72-78;  tail  68-75;  bill  13-14.  Six  specimens  from  the 
type  locality  examined. 

a  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  species  which  is  probably  but  a  southern  race 
of  M .  rubiginosa. 

b  Margarornis  rubiginosa  boultoni  GRISCOM:  "Similar  to  M.  r.  rubiginosa,  but 
slightly  darker  above;  superciliary  stripe  deeper  buff;  much  more  deeply  and  richly 
colored  below,  the  chest  rufous  cinnamon  deepening  into  rufous  chestnut  laterally 
and  on  under  tail-coverts,  instead  of  buffy  cinnamon  changing  to  rufous  cinnamon; 
the  spots  of  pale  buff  on  the  chest  greatly  reduced  in  size,  minute,  not  at  all  obvious, 
and  present  in  a  greatly  reduced  area."  (GRISCOM,  I.e.).  I  am  not  acquainted  with 
this  form. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  173 

Margarornis  rubiginosa  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  122,  1890 — part,  spec,  f,  from  Calobre,  Veragua;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  170, 1891 — part,  Calobre,  Veragua;  RIDGWAY, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  178,  1911 — part,  Calobre. 

Range:    Highlands  of  eastern  Chiriqui  and  Veragua,  Panama. 

Genus  PREMNORNIS  Ridgway. 

Premnornis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  71,  1909 — type  Margarornis 
guttata  LAWRENCE  =  Thripophaga  guttuligera  SCLATER. 

Premnornis  guttuligera  (Sdater).    SPOTTED  TREE-RUNNER. 

Thripophaga  guttuligera  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  167 — "in  Nova  Gran- 
ada interiore"  =  Bogota  (type  in  British  Museum  examined;  =adult);  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  4,  p.  185,  1887 — Bogota  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  84,  1890 — Bogota. 

Margarornis  guttata  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  128,  1867 — 
Quito,  Ecuador  (type  examined;  =juv.);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  3*6  (crit.); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  123,  1890 — Medellin,  Bogota  (spec,  exam- 
ined); SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  25, 
1899 — Niebli,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  62 — 
"Pichincha",  Papallacta  (spec,  examined). 

Premnornis  guttata  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  146,  1917 — San 
Antonio,  La  Candela,  La  Palma,  Aguadita,  near  Bogota,  Colombia;  idem, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  85,  1921 — Idma,  Peru. 

Premnornis  guttuligera  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  14,  No.  4,  p.  284,  1920 
— Bogota,  Medellin,  Colombia;  Papallacta,  Ecuador  (crit.). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (all  three  ranges),  Ecuador 
(Niebli,  Papallacta),  and  Peru  (Idma,  above  Santa  Ana,  Urubamba 
Valley,  Dept.  Cuzco)B. 

Genus  PREMNOPLEX  Cherrie. 

Premnoplex  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  339,  Sept.  1891 — type  Mar- 
garornis brunnescens  "LAWRENCE." 

"Premnoplex  brunnescens  brunneicauda  (Lawrence)*.    COSTA  RICAN 
PREMNOPLEX. 

Margarornis  brunneicauda  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  130,  in 
text,  1867 — Costa  Rica. 

a  According  to  Chapman. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  n,  Medellin  i.  Ecuador:  Niebli  i, 
Papallacta  3,  "Quito"  i. 

b  Premnoplex  brunnescens  brunneicauda  (LAWRENCE)  :  Similar  to  P.  b.  brunnes- 
cens, but  paler  and  more  olivaceous  above;  tail  dark  brown,  not  blackish;  throat 


174  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Margarornis  brunnescens  (not  of  SCLATER  1856)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  123,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-h,  Costa  Rica,  Chitra,  Calobre,  Tole,  Calo- 
vevora  (Veragua),  Chiriqui ;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centrali-Aineric., 
Aves,  2,  p.  170,  pi.  47,  fig.  2,  1891 — part,  Costa  Rica  to  Veragua. 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  46,  1902 — 
Boquete,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui;  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 
I,  p.  270,  1910 — Guayabo  and  Coliblanco,  Costa  Rica. 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  brunneicauda  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  p.  159, 
1908 — Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui,  Veragua  (char.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie, 
Mus.,  6,  p.  647,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
50,  Part  5,  p.  181,  1911 — Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.);  HELL- 
MAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  109,  1912 — Costa  Rica, 
Chiriqui,  Veragua  (char.). 

Range:  Highlands  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui, 
Veragua). 

ii :  Costa  Rica  (La  Estrella  de  Cartago  i,  Volcan  de  Irazu  2,  Guay- 
abo i,  Coliblanco  2,  unspecified  i);  Panama  (Boquete  4). 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  coloratus  Bangs*.  SANTA  MARTA  PREM- 
NOPLEX. 

Premnoplex  coloratus  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  84,  1902 — San 
Miguel,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta. 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  (not  of  SCLATER)  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13, 
p.  loo,  1899 — San  Miguel,  Chirua. 

Margarornis  brunnescens  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  157,  1900 — 
El  Libano,  Las  Nubes,  Valparaiso. 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  coloratus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  p.  159, 
1908 — Santa  Marta  Mts.  (crit.);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  109,  1912 — Tagua  (  =  Las  Taguas)  (crit.);  TODD  and  CAR- 
RIKER, Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  292,  1922 — Las  Nubes,  El  Libano,  Cincin- 
nati, San  Miguel,  Paramo  de  Mamarongo,  Las  Taguas,  San  Lorenzo,  Sierra 
Nevada  of  Santa  Marta,  Heights  of  Chirua  (crit.). 

Range:    Northern  Colombia  (Santa  Ma^rta  Mountains). 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  rostratus  Hellmayr  and  Seilernb.  VENEZUE- 
LAN PREMNOPLEX. 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  rostratus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 
A,  Heft  5,  p.  107,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Venezuela. 

paler,  buff  rather  than  ochraceous;  under  parts  more  olivaceous,  with  the  dusky 
margins  to  the  light  spots  less  pronounced.  Twenty- six  specimens  from  Costa  Rica 
and  Chiriqui  examined. 

a  Premnoplex  brunnescens  coloratus  BANGS:  Nearest  to  P.  b.  brunnescens,  but 
much  less  rufous  above,  tail  more  brownish,  throat  slightly  paler;  similar  also  to 
P.  b.  brunneicauda,  but  throat  deeper  ochraceous,  spots  on  lower  parts  brighter  buff 
and  much  more  heavily  margined  with  black.  Four  specimens  examined. 

b  Premnoplex  brunnescens  rostratus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN:  Closely  allied  to 
P.  b.  coloratus,  but  with  longer  bill;  top  of  head  much  darker  olive,  back,  etc.,  much 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  175 

Range:  Northern  Venezuela,  in  states  of  Carabobo  (Cumbre  de 
Valencia)  and  Lara  (Guarico,  Paramo  de  Rosas)8. 

*Premnoplex  brunnescens  brunnescens  (Sdater).    SCLATER'S  SPOTTED 
PREMNOPLEX. 

Margarornis  brunnescens  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  p.  27,  pi.  116,  1856 — 
Bogota,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  1860,  p.  88 — Nanegal;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
I.e.,  1879,  p.  523 — Santa  Elena;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  27 — Huambo; 
BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  563 — Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  1884, 
p.  300 — Cayandeled;  idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  98 — Machay,  Mapoto;  TACZANOW- 
SKI, Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  166,  1884 — Huambo;  BERLEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  4, 
p.  185,  1887 — Bogota;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  123,  1890 — part, 
spec,  i-n,  Bogota,  Frontino;  Baeza,  Ecuador;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  25,  1899 — Gualea;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis, 
1902,  p.  6 1 — Baeza  (spec,  examined). 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  brunnescens  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  p.  159, 
1908 — from  central  and  western  Colombia  to  Peru  (crit.);  HELLMAYR  and 
SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  108,  1912 — Colombia,  Ecuador, 
Peru  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  416,  1917 — Las 
Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  Cocal,  Cerro  Munchique,  Gallera,  La  Florida,  Mira- 
flores,  Salento,  La  Palma,  Aguadita,  Buenavista,  Colombia. 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  ge"ogr.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  Equat., 
9,  p.  B  44,  1911 — Santo  Domingo  (range  in  part). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  region), 
Ecuador,  and  northern  Peru  (Huambo,  Dept.  Loreto;  Huachipa,  Vista 
Alegre,  Dept.  Huanuco)b. 

5:  Colombia  (Bogota  i  Cocal  i,  La  Florida  i);  Peru  (Huachipa  i, 
Vista  Alegre  i). 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  stictonotus  (Berlepsck)0.     BOLIVIAN  PREM- 
NOPLEX. 

Margarornis  stictonota  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  49,  p.  95,  1901 — Chaco,  Yungas 
of  La  Paz  (type),  Locotol,  Prov.  Cochabamba  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH 
and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  114,  1906 — Huaynapata,  Marcapata,  Peru. 

deeper  rufous  brown,  tail  blackish.   Wing  59-64;  tail  56-62;  bill  16.5-18.    Ten  speci- 
mens from  the  type  locality  examined. 

a  The  recently  described  P.  tatei  CHAPMAN  (Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  191,  p.  7,  Oct. 
1925)  from  Mt.  Turumiquiri,  n.  e.  Venezuela,  characterized  by  ivory  white  under 
parts  and  streaked  nape,  is  probably  another  race  of  this  group. 

b  The  Peruvian  specimens  agree  with  a  series  from  more  northern  localities. 
Material. — Bogota  3,  Cocal  i,  La  Florida  i,  "Quito"  2,  Rio  Pastaza  (El  Topo, 
Alpayacu)  3,  Baeza  i,  Paramba,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  2,  Peru  2. 

0  Premnoplex  brunnescens  stictonotus  (BERLEPSCH)  :  Differs  from  P.  b.  brunnescens 
by  having  the  upper  back  marked  with  distinct  buff  shaft  streaks,  the  buff  spots  on 
the  belly  larger,  and  the  ochraceous  mesial  stripes  on  the  under  tail-coverts  much 
broader.  Wing  60-62;  tail  61;  bill  14.  Three  specimens,  including  the  type,  from 
Bolivia  examined. 


176  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:    Western  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba) 
and  southeastern  Peru  (Marcapata,  Dept.  Cuzco). 


Subfamily  PHILYDORINAE. 

Genus  PSEUDOCOLAPTES  Reichenbach. 

Pseudocolaptes  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scans.,  A,  Sittinae,  p.  209, 
1853 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY,  1855,  p.  28)  Anabates  auritus  LICHTENSTEIN. 

Otipne  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  30,  1859 — type  by  monotypy 
Anabates  boissonneautii  LAFRESNAYE. 

*Pseudocolaptes   boissonneautii   lawrencii     Ridgway*.     LAWRENCE'S 
PSEUDOCOLAPTES. 

Pseudocolaptes  lawrencii  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  253,  254,  Dec. 
1878 — Navarro  and  La  Palma,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  153,  1891 — part,  Navarro,  La  Palma,  Costa  Rica; 
BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  44,  1902 — Boquete,  Volcan  de  Chir- 
iqui;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  83, 
1906  (crit.,  type  of  P.  costaricensis  =  juv.) ;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
p.  637,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  p.  197,  1911 — Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.). 

Pseudocolaptes  costaricensis  BOUCARD,  Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  5,  p.  230,  1880 — 
Navarro,  Costa  Rica  (type  examined). 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneauti  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  BOUCARD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1878,  p.  59 — Navarro,  Costa  Rica. 

Pseudocolaptes  lawrencei  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p. 2 70, 
1910 — Volcan  de  Turrialba. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  lawrencii  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  99,  1912  (crit.). 

Range:  Highlands  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Boquete, 
Volcan  de  Chiriqui). 

4:    Costa  Rica  (Volcan  de  Turrialba  2,  Irazii  2). 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  panamensis  Griscomb.    PANAMA  PSEU- 
DOCOLAPTES. 

Pseudocolaptes  lawrencii  panamensis  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  141,  p.  4, 
Oct.  1924 — Cerro  Flores,  eastern  Chiriqui,  Panama. 

8  Though  readily  distinguishable,  besides  some  minor  characters,  by  the  deep 
buff  neck  tufts  and  black  outer  web  of  the  primaries,  this  is  nothing  but  a  northern 
representative  of  P.  boissonneautii. 

b  Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  panamensis  GRISCOM:  "Similar  to  P.  b.  lawrencii, 
but  mesial  streaks  on  hind  neck  and  upper  back  lighter  and  burner,  less  tawny; 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  177 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneauti  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870, 
p.  192 — Cordillera  del  Chucu,  Veragua. 

Pseudocolaptes  lawrencii  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  79,  1890 — Cordillera  del  Chucu,  Calobre,  Veragua;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  153,  1891 — part,  Veragua. 

Range:  Western  Panama  (Cerro  Flores,  eastern  Chiriqui;  Cordil- 
lera del  Chucu,  Calobre,  Veraguas). 

Pseudocolaptes    boissonneautii    striaticeps     Hellmayr    and    Seilern*. 
VENEZUELAN  PSEUDOCOLAPTES. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  striaticeps  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  97,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo. 

Otipne  boissoneaui  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2, 
p.  30,  1859 — Caracas. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneauti  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  78,  1890 — part, 
spec,  j,  k,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Coast  Mountains  of  northern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Cara- 
bobo (Cumbre  de  Valencia),  and  Dept.  Federal  Occidental  (Silla  de 
Caracas,  Cerro  del  Avila). 

*Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  meridae  Hartert  and  Goodsonb.    MER- 
IDA  PSEUDOCOLAPTES. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  meridae  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  499,  Dec.  1917 — El  Valle,  M6rida. 

back,  scapulars,  and  secondaries  more  olivaceous,  less  tawny  brown,  abruptly  con- 
trasted with  the  rufous  tawny  rump;  subauricular  tuft  paler  buff;  flanks  browner, 
less  cinnamon;  thighs  distinctly  less  cinnamon  than  flanks;  bill  shorter  and  deeper, 
with  maxilla  distinctly  decurved."  (GRISCOM,  I.e.). 

This  race  which  we  have  not  seen,  by  its  less  tawny  coloration,  appears  to  form 
the  transition  to  the  South  American  representatives. 

a  Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  striaticeps  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN:  Differs  from 
P.  b.  boissonneautii  by  the  streaks  of  the  pileum  being  much  broader  and  deeper  in 
tone,  more  fulvous  brown;  the  upper  back  brighter  cinnamomeous,  the  light  spots 
narrower  and  without  blackish  margins;  the  superciliary  stripe  deeper  ochraceous 
buff  and  much  more  pronounced;  malar  region,  throat,  and  foreneck  tinged  with 
pale  sulphur  yellow  instead  of  almost  pure  white.  Wing  (four  males)  105-112,  (five 
females)  97-103;  tail  (male)  91-100,  (female)  88-95;  bill  (male)  21-22,  (female) 
25-26.5. 

Material. — Cumbre  de  Valencia  5,  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  2,  Silla  de  Caracas  2. 

b  Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  meridae  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  Similar  to 
P.  b.  boissonneautii  in  markings  of  head  and  back,  but  malar  region,  throat  and  fore- 
neck  tinged  with  pale  sulphur  yellow  (as  in  P.  b.  striaticeps)  and  squamate  markings 
on  chest  much  less  pronounced  than  in  either;  superciliary  streak  slightly  darker 
than  in  the  typical  race.  Wing  (males)  105-110,  (females)  96-103;  tail  (male)  96- 
103,  (female)  94-97;  bill  (male)  20-21,  (female)  25-28.5. 

Material. — Andes  of  Me"rida:  Valle  4,  Escorial  5,  Culata  i,  Rio  Mucujon  2, 
Paramo  de  Tama  3. 


178  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pseiulocolaptes  boissoneauti  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1870,  p.  781 — Sierra  Nevada  of  Merida;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
IS»  P-  ?8,  1890 — part,  spec,  h,  i,  Sierra  of  M&ida. 

Range:  Western  Venezuela  (Andes  of  Merida,  west  to  the  Par- 
amo de  Tama,  on  the  Colombian  line). 

8:  Venezuela  (Escorial  2,  Culata  i,  Rio  Mucujon  2,  Paramo  de 
Tama  3). 

*Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  boissonneautii    (Lafresnaye) .     Bois- 

SONNEAU'S    PSEUDOCOLAPTES. 

Anabates  Boissonneautii  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  p.  104,  1840 — Santa  Fe"  de 
Bogota,  Colombia. 

Pseudocolaptes  semicinnamomeus  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae, 
p.  210,  1853 — Santa  F6  de  Bogota. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissoneautii  oberholseri  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  275,  1919 — Quito, 
Ecuador. 

Anabates  boissoneaui  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  141,  1855 — Bogota. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissoneauti*  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  88 — Puellaro, 
Ecuador;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  156,  1862 — Bogota,  Puellaro; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  521 — Frontino,  Santa  Elena, 
Antioquia;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  307,  1884 — Bucaramanga;  idem 
and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p.  299 — La  Union,  Ecuador;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  78,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-g,  1-p,  Medellin,  Santa  Elena, 
Bogota;  Puellaro,  Quito,  San  Lucas,  Ecuador;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  22,  1899 — part,  Huaca,  Nanegal,  Pela- 
gallo,  Gualea,  Frutillas,  Chaupi,  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  60 — 
Pichincha,  Coraz6n,  Valle  de  Viciosa,  Ecuador;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv. 
G6ogr.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  B  41,  1911 — Nono,  Gualea;  LONNBERG 
and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  69,  1922 — part,  above  Mindo,  road 
to  Nanegal,  road  to  Gualea. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  boissonneautii  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 
36,  p.  408,  1917 — La  Florida,  Cerro  Munchique,  Almaguer,  western  Andes; 
Santa  Elena,  Santa  Isabel,  Laguneta,  La  Candela,  central  Andes;  El  Roble, 
near  Bogota,  eastern  Andes. 

Range :  Andes  of  Colombia,  and  western  Ecuador  (except  Prov.  of 
Loja  in  the  extreme  south)b. 

4:  Colombia  (Bogota  2,  La  Florida,  Cauca  i,  coast  range  west  of 
Popayan  i). 

a  Variously  spelled  boissoneauti,  boissoneautii,  boissonneauti,  boissonneautii, 
boissoneaui  and  boissonneaui. 

b  It  appears  to  me  impossible  to  maintain  the  distinction  of  the  form  oberholseri. 
Although  some  of  the  birds  from  western  Ecuador  (Quito,  Pichincha)  have  very  dark 
rufous  tails,  a  good  many  are  quite  indistinguishable  from  Colombian  specimens 
which,  moreover,  exhibit  much  individual  variation  in  this  respect. 

Material. — Bogota  14,  west  of  Popayan  5,  Santa  Elena  2,  Quito  8,  Pichincha  3. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  179 

Pseudocolaptes    boissonneautii    johnsoni      Ldnnberg   and    Rendahl*. 
JOHNSON'S  PSEUDOCOLAPTES. 

Pseudocolaptes  johnsoni  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  69, 
1922 — Baeza,  road  to  Napo,  Ecuador. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneauti  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  96 — San  Rafael,  east  side  of  Tunguragua;  SALVADORI 
and  FESTA, 'Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  22,  1899 — part,  Pun. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissoneaui  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25, 
p.  69,  1922 — part,  below  Papallacta. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneauti  johnsoni  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  14, 
1923 — Baeza,  below  Papallacta. 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Baeza,  Papallacta,  Bafios,  San  Rafael, 
Pun). 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  intermedianus  Chapman*.    INTERMED- 
IATE PSEUDOCOLAPTES. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  intermedianus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86, 
p.  14,  Aug.  1923 — El  Tambo,  western  Andes,  Dept.  Piura,  Peru. 

Range:  Andes  of  southern  Ecuador  (Alamor  Range,  Zaruma- 
Zaraguro  Trail,  Prov.  Loja),  and  northwestern  Peru  (Dept.  Piura). 

*Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  medianus  Hellmayr*.     NORTH  PERU- 
VIAN PSEUDOCOLAPTES. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  medianns  (err.  typog.)  HELLMAYR,  Anz.  Orn.  Ges. 
Bay.,  I,  p.  3,  Feb.  1919 — Leimabamba,  Dept.  Amazonas,  Peru. 

a  Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  johnsoni  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL:  The  only 
appreciable  difference  from  P.  b.  boissonneautii  consists  of  the  decidedly  wider  and 
deeper  black  squamate  markings  below  which,  instead  of  being  confined  to  the  chest, 
extend  well  over  the  foreneck  and  the  upper  abdomen.  Besides,  the  ochraceous 
spots  on  the  upper  back  average  slightly  broader,  with  the  blackish  margins  more 
conspicuous.  Tail  as  a  rule  so  dark  as  in  certain  West  Ecuadorian  examples.  Wing 
(males)  113-115,  (females)  105-107;  tail  (male)  97-103,  (female)  93-101;  bill  (male) 
21-22,  (female)  25-27. 

Two  birds  from  below  Papallacta  agree  with  others  from  Baeza  and  Bafios  and 
must  be  referred  to  P.  b.  johnsoni,  if  it  be  maintained. 

Material  examined. — Baeza  2,  below  Papallacta  2,  Bafios  2,  "Sarayacu"  i. 

b  Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  intermedianus  CHAPMAN  :  Very  similar  to  P.  b. 
johnsoni,  but  larger,  with  longer  bill  (not  shorter,  as  stated  in  original  description), 
and  dorsal  spots  on  average  narrower  and  less  heavily  margined  with  black.  Dif- 
fers from  P.  b.  boissonneautii  by  larger  size,  longer  bill,  and  more  heavily  marked 
breast.  Wing  (two  males)  117-124;  tail  107-109;  bill  23-24. 

Material  examined. — Taraguacocha,  Zaruma-Zaraguro  Trail,  Ecuador  i,  Palam- 
bla,  Piura,  Peru  i. 

0  Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  medianus  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  P.  b.  auritus  in 
pale  sulphur  yellowish  malar  region  and  throat  (thereby  immediately  distinguished 
from  the  Ecuadorian  and  Colombian  races) ;  but  neck  tufts  white  (instead  of  yellow- 


i8o  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  medianus  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  14, 
No.  i,  p.  129,  June  1919 — Cutervo,  Nancho,  Leimabamba,  Chachapoyas, 
Cumpang,  Peru. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneauti  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1880,  p.  200 — Cutervo  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  145,  1884 — 
part,  Cutervo,  Nancho;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  20,  p.  322, 
1910 — Cumpang,  n.e.  of  Leimabamba;  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool., 
24,  p.  500,  1917 — Leimabamba. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneaui  fiavescens  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1896,  p.  374 — part,  Cutervo. 

Range:  Northern  Peru,  in  depts.  Cajamarca,  Amazonas,  Libertad, 
and  Huanuco. 

i:    Peru  (Panao  Mts.,  Huanuco  i). 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  auritus   (Tschudi)*.     YELLOW-TUFTED 
PSEUDOCOLAPTES. 

Auabates  auritus  (LICHTENSTEIN  MS.)  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  294, 
1844 — Peru,  we  suggest  Maraynioc,  Dept.  Juninb  (type  in  Berlin  Museum 
examined);  idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  239,  1846 — Peru. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneaui flavescens  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  374 — part,  type  locality  Maraynioc  (spec,  examined);  HARTERT  and 
GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  499-500,  in  text,  1917  —  Maraynioc  and  Bolivia 
(crit.). 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneauti  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.. 
1874,  P-  528 — Maraynioc;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  621 — Tilotilo. 
Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  145,  1884 — part,  Maraynioc;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  78,  1890,  part,  spec,  q,  r,  Tilotilo. 

Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  auritus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  84, 
1921 — Torontoy,  Urubamba  region;  idem,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  15, 
I923 — Maraynioc,  Chilpes,  Junin;  Torontoy,  Urubamba;  Santo  Domingo 
and  below  Limbani,  Marcapata  district. 

ish  like  the  throat);  cinnamon  rufous  of  rump  and  tail  lighter;  bill  much  longer. 
Wing  (male)  115,  (female)  107-110;  tail  (male)  107,  (female)  99-103;  bill  (male)  23, 
(female)  26-29. 

An  adult  female  from  Huanuco  (Panao  Mts.),  while  otherwise  identical  with  those 
from  more  northern  localities,  shows  just  a  faint  yellowish  tinge  on  the  neck-tufts, 
thus  indicating  intergradation  to  P.  b.  auritus. 

Material  examined. — Cutervo  i,  Leimabamba  3,  Chachapoyas  i,  Panao  Mts.  i. 

B  Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii  auritus  (TSCHUDI),  in  addition  to  having  the  neck- 
tufts  pale  yellowish  like  the  throat  and  foreneck,  is  characterized  among  its  allies 
by  the  much  less  developed  sexual  difference  in  length  and  shape  of  the  bill,  the 
latter  being  but  slightly  longer  in  the  females.  Wing  (males)  m-ii8,  (females)  97- 
104;  tail  (male)  103-110,  (female)  95-102;  bill  (male)  19-20.5,  (female)  22-23.5. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Maraynioc  3,  Santo  Domingo  2.  Bolivia:  Coca- 
pata  8,  San  Cristobal  2,  Chaco  2,  Pucuyuni  i. 

b  See  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  14,  No.  i,  p.  130,  footnote,  1919. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  181 

Range:    Andes  of  central  and  southeastern  Peru  (in  depts.  Junin, 
Cuzco,  and  Puno),  and  western  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz). 

Genus  BERLEPSCHIA  Ridgway. 

Berlepschia  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  151,  July  1887 — type  Pico- 
laptes  rikeri  RIDGWAY. 

Berlepschia  rikeri  (Ridgway).    RIKER'S  POINTED-TAIL. 

Picolaptes  rikeri  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  9,  p.  523,  Nov.  1886 — Diaman- 
tina,  near  Santarem,  Brazil. 

Berlepschia  rikeri  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1889,  p.  351,  pi.  n — Diamantina;  idem,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  79 — same  locality;  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk,  8,  p.  26, 
1891 — same  locality;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  524,  1906 — Para;  idem, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  326,  1914 — Pard;  HELLMAYR,  Abh.  math.  phys.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  91,  1912 — Pard;  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  31, 
P-  39.  1913 — east  bank  of  Essequibo  River  near  its  mouth,  Brit.  Guiana;  idem, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  101,  pi.  2,  1921 — Supenaam,  Camacabra  Creek, 
Brit.  Guiana. 

Range:    Northern  Brazil  (Para;  Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  Rio 
Tapaj6z)  and  British  Guianaa. 

Genus  PSEUDOSEISURA  Reichenbach. 

Homorus  (not  of  ALBERS  1850)  REICHENBACH,  Handbuch  spez.  Ornith.,  Scans., 
A,  Sittinae,  p.  172,  1853 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (Gray,  1855)  Homorus 

lophotes  REICHENBACH. 

Pseudoseisura  REICHENBACH,  I.e.,  p.  172,  1853 — type  by  monotypy  Anabates 
gutturalis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

*Pseudoseisura  cristata  cristata  (Spioc).    CRESTED  CACHALOTE. 

Anabates  cristatus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  I,  p.  83,  pi.  84,  1824 — Malhada,  Rio  Sao 
Francisco,  s.  Bahia  (types  in  Munich  Museum  examined);  BURMEISTER,  Syst. 
tlbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  26,  1856 — Sete  Lagoas,  Minas  Geraes;  REINHARDT, 
Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  378 — Malhada  (ex  SPIX),  Sete 
Lagoas  (ex  BURMEISTER). 

Homorus  cristatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  86,  1890 — part,  Bahia; 
REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  68,  1910 — 
Solidade,  near  Carnahyba,  Barra,  Rio  Sao  Francisco,  Prov.  Bahia;  Riacho  da 
Raiz,  near  Uniao,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Prov.  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Pseudoseisura  cristata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  d'Hist.  Nat.,  19, 
p.  87,  1906 — part,  spec,  a-c,  Bahia,  Rio  Sao  Francisco;  HELLMAYR,  Abh.  2. 
Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  629,  1906 — Malhada,  Bahia  (crit.); 

•  Two  (unsexed)  specimens  from  British  Guiana  agree  well  with  an  adult  male 
from  Pard,  but  have  slightly  shorter  wings. 


1 82  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9,  p.  438,  477,  1914 — Barra,  Prov.  Bahia  (nesting 
habits). 

Range:  River  banks  of  eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Minas  Geraes 
(Sete  Lagoas,  Rio  das  Velhas),  Bahia  (Rio  Sao  Francisco;  Rio  do  Peixe, 
near  Queimadas),  and  Piauhy  (Ibiapaba;  near  Uniao,  Rio  Parnahyba)a. 

7 :  Brazil  (Rio  do  Peixe,  near  Queimadas,  Bahia  6 ;  Ibiapaba,  Piauhy 
i). 

Pseudoseisura  cristate  unirufa  (Lajresnaye  and  D'0rbigny)b.    WESTERN 
CRESTED  CACHALOTE. 

Anabates  unirufus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8, 
cl.  2,  p.  16,  1838 — Moxos,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  D'OR- 
BIGNY, Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  259,  370,  pi.  55,  fig.  i,  1839,  1847 — 
Mission  Magdalena,  Prov.  Moxos,  Bolivia. 

Homorus  galatheae  LEVERKUHN,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  106,  1889 — Cuyaba,  Matto 
Grosso  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Anabates  cristatus  (not  of  SPIX)  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  math, 
naturw.  Kl.,  34,  p.  126,  1859 — Cuyaba,  Villa  Maria;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i, 
p.  39,  1868 — Cuyaba,  Villa  Maria  [=San  Luiz  de  Caceres],  Matto  Grosso 
(spec,  examined). 

Homorus  unirufus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  621 — Moxos 
(ex  D'ORBIGNY). 

aThe  localities  "Rio"  and  "Para"  as  given  by  SCLATER  (Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  87)  do  not  rest  on  reliable  authority. 

b  Pseudoseisura  cristata  unirufa  (LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY):  Very  similar  to 
P.  c.  cristata,  but  averaging  smaller  with  slenderer  bill ;  general  coloration  of  plumage 
deeper  cinnamon  rufous,  and  feathers  of  pileum  always  more  or  less  tipped  (or 
edged)  with  ashy. 

Having  lately  compared  eleven  specimens,  including  the  types  of  Anabates  uni- 
rufus and  Homorus  galatheae,  with  eighteen  of  typical  cristata  from  eastern  Brazil, 
I  find  the  western  race  to  be  separable  after  all,  although  single  examples  are  not 
always  distinguishable.  Birds  from  Matto  Grosso  (galatheae  LEVERKI)HN)  are  in 
every  respect  similar  to  three  from  Moxos,  Bolivia  (unirufa). 

MEASUREMENTS  OF  ADULTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Pseudoseisura  cristata  cristata 

One  male,  Malhada,  Bahia  106  102  22 

Four  males,  Rio  do  Peixe,  Bahia       108-109  100,103,109,110    22-24 

One  female,  Rio  do  Peixe,  Bahia       105  100  22.5 

One  female,  Solidade,  near  Joazeiro  108  105  22.5 

One  female,  Barra,  Bahia  100  102  20 

One  female,  near  Uniao,  Piauhy        105  108  22 

One  female,  Malhada,  Bahia  99  100  20 

Seven  unsexed  trade  skins,  Bahia     loo-no  100-112  22-24.5 

Pseudoseisura  cristata  unirufa 

One  unsexed  adult,  Moxos,  Bolivia  96  97  19 
One  male,  Trinidad,  Prov.  Mamore', 

Bolivia  102  20 

Three  males,  Matto  Grosso  100,101,103  95,101,102  19.5,20,20 

One  female,  Trinidad,  Bolivia  100  103  18.5 

Five  females,  Matto  Grosso  95-97i  once  100    94-100  19-20 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  183 

Homorus  cristatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  86,  1890 — part,  spec,  e,  h, 
Corumba,  Bolivia;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  113,  1893 — Corumba, 
Matto  Grosso;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  7,  1900 — Car- 
andasinho,  Matto  Grosso;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  134 — Pasage  de  Bagre,  Matto 
Grosso. 

Pseudoseisura  cristata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  87,  1906 — part,  spec,  d,  Moxos. 

Pseudoseisura  cristata  unirufa  HELLMAYR,  Abh.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  p.  629,  1906 — Moxos  and  Matto  Grosso  (crit.). 

Range:  Southwestern  Brazil,  in  Province  of  Matto  Grosso  (Cuyaba, 
San  Luis  de  Caceres,  Rio  San  Lorenzo,  Corumba,  Carandasinho),  and 
adjacent  parts  of  eastern  Bolivia  (Llanos  of  Moxos,  Trinidad). 

*Pseudoseisura  lophotes  (Reichenbach) .    BROWN  CACHALOTE. 

Homorus  lophotes  REICHENBACH*,  Handbuch  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae,  A,  Sittinae, 
p.  172,  Aug.  1853 — "Bolivia"  (locality  no  doubt  incorrect);  HUDSON,  Ibis, 
1885,  p.  283 — shores  of  the  River  Plata,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (habits) ;  SCLATER 
and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  195,  pi.  9,  1888 — Argentina  (habits);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  85,  1890 — Mendoza,  Cordoba,  Catamarca; 
Paysandu,  Bella  Vista,  Uruguay;  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  P-  l%4 — Arroyo  Grande, 
Santa  Elena,  Uruguay;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  282  (La  Rioja, 
Chilecito),  291  (Catamarca),  1895. 

Anabates  cristatus  (not  of  SPIX)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in 
Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  15,  1838 — Corrientes;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voy.  AmeY.  me'rid., 
Ois.,  p.  258,  1839 — near  San  Lorenzo,  Prov.  Santa  F£  (spec,  examined). 

Anabates  unirufus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  BURMEISTER,  Journ. 
Orn.,  8,  p.  249,  1860 — Campos  of  Argentina;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2, 
p.  466,  1 86 1 — interior  of  Argentina,  particularly  near  Cordoba  (habits,  egg 
descr.). 

Anabates  lophotes  BURMEISTER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  636 — Cordoba,  San  Luis, 
La  Rioja  (crit.);  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Argent.,  I,  p.  253,  1874 — Rio  Guay- 
quiraro,  Corrientes;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10, 
p.  400,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Homorus  unirufus  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  612 — Fuerte  de  Andalgala, 
Catamarca. 

Homorus  lophotus  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  212,  1883 — Concepcion 
del  Uruguay,  Entrerios  (habits). 

Pseudosizura  lophotes  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  191,  1902 — Burro- 
Yucu,  Leales,  Graneros,  Prov.  Tucumdn;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.  Tuc., 
3,  p.  54,  1915 — same  localities. 

^"Anabates  lophotes  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Av.,  i,  p.  210,  1850  (subcristalus? 
SWAINSON,  B.  of  Brazil,  pi.  31)  ex  Buenos  Aires,"  quoted  by  Reichenbach,  refers 
to  the  apparently  unpublished  pi.  81  of  Swainson's  Ornith.  Drawings  (see  SWAINSON, 
Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  317,  1837),  and  is»  consequently,  a  pure  nomen  nudum. 


1 84  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pseudoseisura  lophotes  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  88,  1906 — Santa  F6,  La  Banda,  Santiago;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI, 
Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  217,  1909 — Cosquin,  Cordoba,  San  Juan,  La  Banda,  San- 
tiago del  Estero;  La  Soledad,  Entrerios;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
18,  p.  301,  1910 — range  in  Argentina;  MARELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  78,  1918 — 
Curuzu-Cuatid,  Corrientes;  RODRIGUEZ,  I.e.,  p.  105  (habits);  SANZIN,  I.e., 
p.  150 — Alto  Verde,  Mendoza;  TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Rio  Negro, 
Paysandu,  Uruguay;  SERIE  and  SMITH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  48,  1923 — Santa  Elena, 
Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  73 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  174 — Conhello, 
Gob.  de  la  Pampa. 

Range:  Western  Uruguay  (Dept.  Soriano,  Rio  Negro,  Paysandu), 
and  central  Argentina,  from  Entrerios,  Corrientes,  and  the  mouth  of 
the  La  Plata  west  to  Mendoza  and  San  Juan,  north  to  Catamarca, 
Santiago  del  Estero,  and  eastern  parts  of  Province  of  Tucuman. 

7:  Argentina  (El  Carrizal,  Sierra  of  Cordoba  i,  Noetinger,  near 
Marco  Paz,  Prov.  Cordoba  4,  Chumbuha,  Prov.  Catamarca  2). 

Pseudoseisura    gutturalis     (Lafresnaye    and    D'Orbigny).      WHITE- 
THROATED  CACHALOTE. 

Anabates  gutturalis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8, 
cl.  2,  p.  15,  1838 — Patagonia  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage  Ame"r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  257,  370,  pi.  55,  fig.  3,  1839 — not  far  from 
the  banks  of  the  Rio  Negro,  Patagonia;  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  250, 
1860 — Mendoza;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  467,  1861 — Mendoza; 
DoERiNGin  Roca,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  i,  Zool.,  p.  48,  1881 — between  Rio 
Colorado  and  Rio  Negro. 

Homorus  gutturalis  HUDSON,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872,  p.  545 — Rio  Negro  (habits); 
SCLATER,  I.e.,  p.  548,549;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  36 — Chubut;  idem,  I.e., 
1878,  p.  396 — Chubut;  HUDSON,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  284  (habits);  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  197,  1888 — Rio  Negro  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  is,  p.  86,  1890 — Mendoza,  Rio  Negro,  Chubut;  OUSTALET,  Miss. 
Sci.  Cap  Horn,  Zool.,  6,  p.  B  275,  1891 — Patagonia;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus. 
La  Plata,  6,  p.  282,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja. 

Pseudoseisura  gutturalis  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.,  19, 
p.  88,  1906 — Rio  Negro,  Patagonia;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, 
p.  218,  1909, — Boca,  Rio  Negro;  Cachi,  Prov.  Salta;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  302,  1910 — range;  REED,  Aves  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  33, 
1916 — Precordillera  of  Mendoza;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  150,  1918 — Men- 
doza; PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  318,  1923 — Huanuluan,  Maquin- 
chao,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro;  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  73,  1923 — Chile- 
cito, La  Rioja. 

Range:  Argentina,  in  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro  and  Neuquen,  from 
the  Rio  Colorado  south  to  the  Chubut;  also  occurring  sparingly  in 
provinces  of  Mendoza,  La  Rioja  (Chilecito),  and  even  Salta  (Cachi, 
2500  m.  alt.). 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  185 

Genus  HYLOCTISTES  Ridgway. 

Hyloctistes  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  72,  1909 — type  Philydor  vir- 
gatus  LAWRENCE. 

Hyloctistes  subulatus  subulatus  (Spix).    AMAZONIAN  HYLOCTISTES. 

Sphenura  subulata  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  82,  pi.  83,  fig.  i,  1824 — "in  sylvis  flumin- 
is  Amazonum"  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

Ipoborus  (Automolus}  stictoptilus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  66,  1873 — Monter- 
ico,  n.e.  Ayacucho,  Peru. 

Anabates  melanorhynchus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  61, 
1858 — Rio  Napo. 

Automolus  subulatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  158,  1862 — Rio  Napo, 
Rio  Huallaga;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  270 — Chamicuros, 
Peru  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  149,  1884 — Chami- 
curos, Huallaga,  Yurimaguas,  Monterico,  Peru  (crit.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  90,  1890 — Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  Ecuador;  Chamicuros, 
Peru;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  61 — Suno,  Coca,  Rio  Napo  (spec,  exam- 
ined); HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  628,  1906 — 
Amazon;  Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo,  Colombia;  Coca,  Ecuador  (crit.);  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  327,  1914  (descr.,  range). 

Ipoborus  stictoptilus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  528 — Monterico; 
idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  26 — Yurimaguas. 

Automolus  subulatus  subulatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  320,  1910 — Calama, 
Rio  Madeira. 

Hyloctistes  subulatus  subulatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  408, 
1917 — Florencia,  Rio  Caqueta. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Cuembi, 
Rio  Putumayo;  Florencia,  Rio  Caqueta)  through  eastern  Ecuador  to 
Peru  (Chamicuros,  Yurimaguas,  Dept.  Loreto;  Monterico,  Dept.  Aya- 
cucho), and  western  Brazil,  east  to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Calama) a. 

*Hyloctistes  subulatus  assimilis  (Berlepsch  and  Taczanowski)*.    PACI- 
FIC HYLOCTISTES. 
Automolus  assimilis  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  561 — 

a  Birds  from  Coca  and  the  Rio  Putumayo  agree  with  the  type  and  an  example 
from  the  Rio  Madeira,  while  one  from  Chamicuros,  Peru  does  not  appear  to  be  dif- 
ferent either.  I  have  not  seen  specimens  from  Monterico  (stictoptilus  CABANIS) 
which,  according  to  Taczanowski,  present  slight  differences. 

b  Hyloctistes  subulatus  assimilis  (BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI)  :  Differs  from 
H.  s.  subulatus  by  darker,  more  rufescent  brown  back;  much  darker  chestnut  rufous 
rump  and  tail;  by  lacking  the  buff  shaft  streaks  on  crown  and  hindneck,  only  the 
forehead  being  indistinctly  streaked;  more  olivaceous  under  parts,  etc.  Wing 
80-88;  tail  64-70;  bill  20-22. 

Material. — Ecuador:  Chimbo  i;  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Paramba  3,  San  Javier  i, 
Ventana  i,  Carondelet  i.  Colombia:  Sipi  2,  Tad6  2,  Noanama  i. 


1 86  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Chimbo,  Ecuador;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  491,  1898 — Chimbo,  Cach- 
avi  (spec,  examined). 

Automolus  subulatus  assimilis  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No. 
3,  p.  628,  1906 — w.  Ecuador  (crit.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  320,  1910  (crit.). 

Hyloctistes  subulatus  assimilis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1150 — Sipi, 
Noanama,  Tad6,  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  408, 
1917 — Juntas  de  Tamana,  N6vita,  Barbacoas,  Buenavista  (Narino),  Col- 
ombia. 

Range:    Pacific  coast  of  Colombia  (from  the  Rio  San  Juan  south- 
wards), and  Ecuador  (south  to  Chimbo). 
i:    Ecuador  (Chimbo  i). 

*Hyloctistes  subulatus  virgatus  (Lawrence)*.    STRIPED  HYLOCTISTES. 
PUlydor  virgatus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  468,  1867 — 

Angostura,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  106,  1868 — Angostura;  BERLEPSCH, 

Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  n,  "1888",  p.  563,  Sept.  1889  (crit.  on  type). 
Automolus  virgatus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.  Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  155, 

1891 — Angostura;  CHERRIE,  Expl.  Zool.  Merid.  Costa  Rica,  p.  39,  1893 — 

Palmar,  Costa  Rica;  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  299,  1907 — Pozo  del  Rio  Grande, 

Costa  Rica.  " 
Hyloctistes  virgatus  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  639,  1910 — Costa  Rica; 

RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  200,  1911 — Costa  Rica  and 

Panama  (monog.). 
Automolus  subulatus  virgatus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,   22, 

No.  3,  p.  628,  1906 — Carrillo,  Costa  Rica  (crit.). 

Hyloctistes  subulatus  virgatus  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1151  (crit.). 
Range:    Costa  Rica  and  Panama  (Nata,  Code"), 
i :    Costa  Rica  (Palmar  i). 

Hylostictes  subulatus  nicaraguae  Miller  and  Griscom*.    NICARAGUAN 
HYLOSTICTES. 

Hylostictes  virgatus  nicaraguae  MILLER  and  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  159, 
p.  2,  1925 — Rio  Grande,  Nicaragua. 

Range:    Nicaragua  (Rio  Grande,  Pena  Blanca). 

a Hyloctistes  subulatus  virgatus  (LAWRENCE):  Differs  from  H.  s.  assimilis  by 
more  elongated  as  well  as  slenderer  bill;  bright  chestnut  brown  wings;  more  blackish 
pileum  and  hindneck  with  sharply  denned,  buff  shaft  streaks,  which  extend  also 
over  the  upper  back,  etc.  Wing  75-82;  tail  65-71;  bill  23-24.  Six  specimens  from 
Costa  Rica  examined. 

b  Hyloctistes  subulatus  nicaraguae  MILLER  and  GRISCOM:  "Similar  to  H.  s.  vir- 
gatus, but  upper  parts  much  darker,  more  blackish  brown,  less  rufescent;  inter- 
scapulium  and  back  more  heavily  streaked,  the  light  and  dark  areas  on  each  feather 
more  contrasted;  under  parts  slightly  darker,  particularly  the  dark  margins  to  the 
f  eathers  of  the  throat  and  breast,  which  are  duskier,  less  olive  or  brown ;  flanks  and 
sides  never  rufescent,  more  olive,  less  tawny;  culmen  a  little  shorter  (20-22  against 
22-24.5)."  (MILLER  and  GRISCOM,  I.e.). 

We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  race. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  187 

Genus  ANCISTROPS  Sclater. 

Ancistrops  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  157,  1862 — type  by  monotypy 
Anabates  lineaticeps  SCLATER  =  Thamnophilus  strigilatus  SPIX. 

*Ancistrops  strigilatus  (Spix).    SPIX'S  HOOK-BILL. 

Thamnophilus  strigilatus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  26,  pi.  36,  fig.  i,  1825 — no  locality 
given,  we  suggest  Rio  Solimoes,  Brazil  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined) ; 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  78,  1868 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  examined). 

Anabates  lineaticeps  SCLATER,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (2)  17,  p.  468,  1856 — eastern 
Peru;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  61,  1858 — Rio  Napo. 

Ancistrops  lineaticeps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  566 — Rio 
Ucayali;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  750 — Xeberos,  Chyavetas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  270 
— lower  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882, 
p.  26 — Yurimaguas  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  147,  1884 — 
Peruvian  localities. 

Ancistrops  strigilatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  103,  1890 — Nauta, 
Chamicuros,  Peru;  Sarayacu,  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  61 — 
Coca,  Rio  Napo  (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  346, 
1905 — Ri°  Jurua  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  241,  1907 — 
Rio  Jurua;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  2,  p.  657, 
1906  (crit.  on  type);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  54,  1907 — TeS6,  Rio  Solimoes; 
idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  320,  1910 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  330,  1914  (descr.,  range);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 
36,  p.  413,  1917 — La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Rio 
Caqueta)  through  Ecuador  to  eastern  Peru,  and  western  Brazil,  east 
to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Borba) a. 

i :    Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis  i). 


Genus  ANABAZENOPS  Lafresnaye. 

Anabazenops  LAFRESNAYE,  Diet.  Univ.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  livr.  8,  p.  411,  1840 — type 
by  orig.  desig.  "Sittine  anabatoide"  TEUMiNCK  —  Sittafusca  VIEILLOT. 

Anabatoides  DESMURS  in  Chenu,  Encycl.  Hist.  Nat.,  3,  p.  145,  1853 — new  name 
for  Anabazenops  LAFRESNAYE. 

Xenicopsis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  32,  1859 — new  name  for  Ana- 
bazenops LAFRESNAYE  and  Anabatoides  DESMURS,  on  grounds  of  purism. 

*Anabazenops  fuscus  (  Vieillot}.    BROWN  ANABAZENOPS. 

Sitta  fusca  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  nouv.  Ornith.  ele'm.,  p.  68,  1816 — "Br6sil",  we 
designate  Rio  de  Janeiro  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

a  Material  examined. — Brazil:  Teff6  2,  Rio  Jurua  2,  Borba  i,  unspecified  i. — 
Peru:    Yurimaguas  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  i. — Ecuador:    Coca,  Rio  Napo  i. 


1 88  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Xenops  anabatoides  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  25,  pi.  150,  fig.  2,  1822 — 
"BrSsil,  coll.  Natterer"  =  Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math, 
naturw.  Kl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  132,  1859 — Mattodentro,  Ypanema, 
Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  41,  1868 — same  localities. 

Sphenura  albicollis  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  41,  1823 — 
Sao  Paulo. 

Anabatoides  fuscus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  24,  1856 — "Sete 
Lagoas",  Minas  Geraes;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
p.  377 — Rio  Parahyba,  Rio  Parahybuna,  Cantagallo,  Rio;  BERLEPSCH, 
Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  253,  1873 — Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  112,  1890 — Brazil;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Hum- 
ming Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio ;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  229, 
1899 — Ypiranga,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo. 

Xenicopsis  fusca  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo. 

Anabazenops  fuscus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  94,  1906 — Ilha  Grande,  Porto  Real,  Rio;  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  I,  p.  244,  1907 — Ubatuba,  Alto  daSerra,  Sao  Paulo;  Marianna, 
Minas  Geraes;  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  p.  143,  1915 — 
Brago  do  Sul,  Espirito  Santo. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo 
(Victoria)  and  southern  Minas  Geraes  (Marianna)  south  to  Santa 
Catharina  (Blumenau,  Serra  do  Mirador). 

i :    Brazil  (Santa  Catharina  i). 

Genus  XENOCTISTES  Hellmayr*. 

Syndactyla  (not  Syndactylus  BOITARD  1842)  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn., 
Scansoriae,  p.  171,  1853 — type  by  monotypy  Xenops  rufosuperciliatus 
LAFRESNAYE. 

*Xenoctistes  rufosuperciliatus  rufosuperciliatus  (Lafresnaye) .    OCHRE- 
OUS-BROWED  XENOCTISTES. 

Xenops  rufosuperciliatus  LAFRESNAYE,  Mag.  Zool.,  2,  cl.  2,  pi.  7,  and  text  [p.  5,] 
1832 — "Br£sil",  we  suggest  Rio  de  Janeiro  (type  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool. 
Cambridge  examined). 

CiMocolaptes  ochroblepharus  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scans.,  A,  Sit- 
tinae,  p.  174,  pi.  527,  fig.  3638,  1853 — "South  America". 

CiMocolaptes  adspersus  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scans.,  A,  Sittinae, 
p.  174,  1853 — Brazil. 

Anabatoides  adspersus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  24,  1856 — Novo 
Friburgo,  Rio  (spec,  in  Halle  Museum  examined). 

Anabates  (Xenops)  rufosuperciliatus  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  128,  1859 — Pahor,  Mattodentro,  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo; 
Lanza,  Curytiba,  Parana  (soft  parts). 

•  Xenostictes  HELLMAYR,  nom.  nov.  for  Syndactyla  REICHENBACH,  preoccupied. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  189 

Anabates  rufosuperciliatus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  39,  1868 — Pahor,  Matto- 
dentro,  Ypanema,  Lanza,  Curytiba;  idem,  Nunq.  otios.,  2,  p.  291,  1874 — 
Novo  Friburgo. 

Anabazenops  rufo-superciliatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  105,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  b-d,  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  227, 
1899 — Ypiranga,  Tiet6,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  l.c.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Novo  Friburgo. 

Xenicopsis  percnopterus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  61,  1902 — 
Alto  da  Serra,  Sao  Paulo  (type  examined). 

Xenicopsis  rufo-superciliatus  rufo-superciliatus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m. 
Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  92,  1906 — Rio  de  Janeiro  (char.). 

Anabasitta  rufosuperciliata  MIRANDA,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  p.  182, 
1906 — Itatiaya. 

Xenicopsis  rufosuperciliatus  oleagineus  (not  of  SCLATER)  MENEGAUX  and  HELL- 
MAYR, Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  93,  1906 — part,  spec,  c,  d,  Sao 
Paulo;  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  243,  1907 — part,  Ypiranga, 
Alto  da  Serra,  Tiete',  Itatiba,  Itarare"  (Sao  Paulo),  Ourinho  (Parand),  Itati- 
aya, Campos  do  Jordao  (Minas);  LUDERWALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  27, 
P-  35 i ,  *9°9 — Itatiaya. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro  (and  adjoining  parts  of  Minas  Geraes),  Sao  Paulo,  and  Parana*. 

i:    Brazil  (Victoria,  Sao  Paulo  i). 

Xenoctistes    rufosupercil  atus    acritus    (Oberholser)b.      BUFF-BROWED 

XENOCTISTES. 

Xenicopsis  acritus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  14,  p.  187,  1901 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay  (type  examined);  idem,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  132, 
1 902 — Sapucay. 

a  Individual  variation  in  this  form  is  considerable,  and  while  typically  colored 
examples  from  Rio  are  easily  distinguishable  by  deep  ochraceous  superciliaries, 
Dresden  brown  upper  parts,  light  tawny  tail,  and  but  faintly  streaked  breast,  it 
passes  so  gradually  into  the  southern  X.  r.  acritus  that  it  is  practically  impossible  to 
draw  a  definite  line  between  their  ranges.  Birds  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Rio,  Petropo- 
lis,  Therezopolis,  Novo  Friburgo)  and  Minas  Geraes  (Campos  do  Jordao,  Itatiaya) 
agree  with  the  types  kindly  lent  by  Mr.  Outram  Bangs.  Birds  from  Sao  Paulo 
(X.  percnopterus)  and  Parand  are  partly  like  the  typical  Rio  birds,  partly  variously 
intermediate  to  acritus,  having  the  under  parts  more  heavily  streaked  and  the  tail 
darker,  russet  rather  than  tawny,  and  certain  specimens  with  buff  superciliaries  can 
hardly  be  separated  from  those  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul.  The  tone  of  the  upper  parts 
varies,  regardless  of  locality,  from  Dresden  brown  to  light  olivaceous,  although  in 
the  southern  parts  of  Sao  Paulo  (Itarare')  and  in  Parand  the  olive  backed  type 
appears  to  predominate. 

Material  examined. — Rio  de  Janeiro:  Rio  3,  Petropolis  2,  Therezopolis,  Organ 
Mts.  5,  Novo  Friburgo  2.  Minas  GeraSs:  Campos  do  Jordao,  Itatiaya  i.  Sao  Paulo: 
Alto  da  Serra  i,  Ypanema  8,  Victoria  2,  Ypiranga  i,  Itarare1  2.  Parand:  Roca  Nova, 
Serra  do  Mar  2,  Curytiba  2. 

b  Xenoctistes  rufosuperciliatus  acritus  (OBERHOLSER)  :  Very  similar  to  X.  r.  rufo- 
superciliatus, but  above  paler,  more  greenish  (less  brownish)  olive;  superciliaries  buff 
instead  of  ochraceous ;  under  parts  more  olivaceous,  with  the  whitish  mesial  markings 


190  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Xenops  rufo-superciliatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  1832)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY 
Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  13,  1838 — part,  Corrientes  (spec,  in 
Paris  Museum  examined). 

Anabazenops  oleagineus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1883",  p.  654,  1884 — part, 
Parana  (ex  CAPT.  PAGE)  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  1 06,  1890 — part,  Paraguay. 

Anabazenops  rufosuperciliatus  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  158,  1884 — part, 
Uruguay;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  145,  1885 — Taquara, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  129, 
1899 — Rio  Grande  do  Sul. 

Xenicopsis  rufosuperciliatus  oleagineus  (not  of  SCLATER)  MENEGAUX  and  HELL- 
MAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  93,  1906 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Corrien- 
tes; IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  243,  1097 — part,  Paraguay, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Argentina  (La  Plata) ;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
16,  p.  218,  1909 — part,  Ocampo  (Santa  F£),  Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires); 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  302,  1910  (part);  idem,  I.e.,  23, 
p.  311,  1912 — part,  Paso  Yuvay,  Gran  Potrero,  Villa  Rica  (Paraguay),  Bon- 
pland,  Iguazu  (Misiones),  Ocampo  (Santa  Fe),  Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos 
Aires)  (crit.);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  10,  No.  114,  p.  318,  1918 — 
Villa  Lutetia,  near  San  Ignacio,  Misiones;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  20, 
1920 — Paysandu,  Uruguay;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obras  Publ.  (Buenos 
Aires)  for  1922-23,  p.  642,  1924 — Barracas  al  Sud,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Anabazenops  acritus  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  530 — Sapucay,  Paraguay. 

Range:  Northeastern  Argentina  (in  prov.  of  Santa  Fe,  Corrientes, 
Misiones,  and  Buenos  Aires),  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  and  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  southern  Brazil. 

"Xenoctistes   rufosuperciliatus    oleagineus    (Sclatery.       OLEAGINOUS 

XENOCTISTES. 
Anabazenops  oleagineus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1883",  p.  654,  1884 — part, 

broader  as  well  as  more  extended  towards  the  abdomen;  under  tail-coverts  less  rufes- 
cent;  tail  darker;  size  somewhat  smaller. 

Birds  from  the  Argentine  Parana  (Capt.  Page  coll.)  and  Corrientes  are  per- 
fectly identical  with  the  type,  and  so  are  also  specimens  from  southern  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul  (Santa  Maria,  Camaquam,  Sao  Lourenco).  Four  skins  from  Taquara  do 
Mundo  Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  however,  are  hardly  distinguishable  from  certain 
Sao  Paulo  birds,  particularly  two  from  Itarar6  and  one  from  Ypiranga. 

Wing:  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (three  males)  78,  80,  82,  (four  females)  71,  72,  73,  75; 
Sapucay,  Paraguay  (one  male)  76;  Argentina,  Parana  (one  female)  71. 

Material  examined. — Paraguay:  Sapucay  i.  Argentina:  Parana  2,  Corrientes  2. 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul:  Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo  4,  Sao  Lourenco  i,  Camaquam  i, 
Santa  Maria  i. 

•  Xenoctistes  rufosuperciliatus  oleagineus  (SCLATER)  :  Differs  from  X.  r.  acritus 
in  darker  olivaceous  under  parts,  with  narrower,  more  strongly  denned  whitish 
markings;  somewhat  more  brownish  olive  upper  parts,  and  in  averaging  larger. 
Wing  (ten  males)  80-84,  (five  females)  75-791  tail  76-82;  bill  17.5-19. 

Material  examined. — Catamarca:  Sierra  de  Totoral  2.  Tucumdn:  City  of  Tucu- 
mdn  i,  Sarmiento  4,  Tafi  i,  San  Pablo  2.  Salta:  Tartagal  i,  Embarcacidn,  Oran  3. 
Jujuy:  Ledesma  2.  Bolivia,  Prov.  Tarija:  Yacuiva  2. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  191 

Sierra  de  Totoral,  Catamarca  (type  in  British  Museum  examined) ;  idem  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  198,  1888 — Catamarca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  106,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Sierra  de  Totoral,  Catamarca; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  20,  1897 — San  Lorenzo  (Jujuy), 
Lesser  (Salta). 

Anabazenops  rufosuperciliatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1882,  p.  613 — Sierra  de  Totoral,  Catamarca. 

Xenicopsis  oleagineus  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  192,  1902 — Tafi  and 
Trancas,  Prov.  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  p.  54, 
1905 — same  localities;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Oran, 
Salta;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  223,  1904 — Santa  Ana,  Criolla,  Prov.  Tucuman. 

Xenicopsis  rufosuperciliatus  oleagineus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, 
p.  218,  1909 — part,  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  302, 
1910  (part). 

Xenicopsis  rufosuperciliatus  cabanisi  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  313  (in  text),  1912 — Tafi  Viejo,  Tucuman. 

Range:  Western  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Catamarca,  Tucuman, 
Salta,  and  Jujuy,  and  adjacent  portion  of  the  Bolivian  Province  of 
Tarija  (Yacuiva). 

3 :  Argentina  (Sarmiento,  Tucuman  i ;  Tartagal,  Salta  i ;  Ledesma, 
Jujuy  i). 

Xenoctistes    rufosuperciliatus    cabanisi    (Taczanowskiy.      CABANIS'S 
XENOCTISTES. 

Anabazenops  cabanisi  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  528 — Pumamarca, 
east  of  Junin,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  231 — Tambillo;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  26 
— Cococho  and  Achamal,  Peru. 

Xenops  rufosuperciliatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  1832)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY, 
Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  13,  1838 — part,  Yungas  of  Bolivia 
(spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Anabazenops  rufosuperciliatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  621 
— Yungas  (ex  D'ORBIGNY);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  157,  1884 — part, 
Tambillo,  Cococho,  Chirimoto,  Achamal,  Ninabamba,  Peru. 

a  Xenoctistes  rufosuperciliatus  cabanisi  (TACZANOWSKI)  :  Nearly  allied  to  X.  r. 
oleagineus,  but  upper  parts  very  much  darker,  raw  umber  instead  of  olivaceous; 
wings  darker;  tail  chestnut  rather  than  russet;  superciliaries  narrower  and  deep 
ochraceous  instead  of  buff;  under  parts  much  richer  and  more  brownish,  though 
similarly  marked;  upper  and  under  tail  coverts  suffused  with  chestnut  or  rufous. 
From  X.  r.  rufosuperciliatus  which  it  resembles  in  the  deep  ochraceous  superciliaries, 
it  may  easily  be  distinguished  by  its  much  darker  (raw  umber  instead  of  Dresden 
brown)  upper  parts,  chestnut  instead  of  tawny  tail,  much  more  deeply  colored  under 
parts,  with  the  narrower  buffy  mesial  stripes  much  more  conspicuous  and  extended 
down  to  the  middle  of  the  belly,  etc.  Wing  (five  males)  82-86,  (three  females)  74- 
78;  tail  (male)  84-88,  (female)  73-77;  bill  17-5-19- 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Cococho,  Dept.  Amazonas  i.  Dept.  Junin:  Chelpes 
2,  Tulumayo  i;  Santo  Domingo,  Marcapata,  Dept.  Cuzco  2.  Bolivia:  Yungas  i. 


192  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Anabazenops  rufosuperciliatus  cabanisi  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  158,  1884 

— Pumamarca. 
Xenicopsis  rufosuperciliatus  cabanisi  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist. 

Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  93,  1906 — Yungas  (crit.). 

Range:  Andes  of  Peru  (from  Dept.  of  Amazonas  south  to  Junin 
and  Cuzco),  and  western  Bolivia  (Yungas). 

*Xenoctistes  subalaris  lineatus  (Lawrence)*-    LINEATED  XENOCTISTES. 

Anabazenops  lineatus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  127,  1867 — 
Angostura,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  106,  1868 — Angostura,  Birris,  Cer- 
vantes, Costa  Rica;  BERLEPSCH,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  n,  "1888",  p.  565, 
1889  (crit.  on  type). 

Anabazenops  subalaris  lineatus  BERLEPSCH,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  n,  "1888", 
p.  566,  1889  (diag.). 

Anabazenops  subalaris  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  192 — 
Calovevora,  Veragua;  idem,  Ibis,  1870,  p.  no — Costa  Rica  (crit.);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  108,  1890 — part,  spec,  k-n,  Calovevora,  Veragua, 
o,  p,  Irazu,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.  Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
p.  163,  1891 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  Veragua. 

Xenicopsis  subalaris  lineatus  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  44,  1902 — 
Boquete  and  Volcan  de  Chiriqui;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  643, 
1910 — Costa  Rica  (descr.  juv.);  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn. 
Ser.,  i,  p.  270,  1910 — Coliblanco,  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  209,  1911 — Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.). 

Range :  Subtropical  Zone  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiri- 
qui, Veraguas)b. 

7:  Costa  Rica  (Irazti  i,  La  Estrella  de  Cartago  i,  Coliblanco  i); 
Panama  (Boquete  3,  Chiriqui  i). 

Xenoctistes   subalaris   tacarcunae    (Chapman)".     TACARCUNA    XEN- 
OCTISTES. 
Xenicopsis  subalaris  tacarcunae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  16,  Aug. 

1923 — east  slope  of  Mt.  Tacarcuna,  eastern  Panama. 
Range:    Mountains  of  eastern  Panama  (Tacarcuna). 

*  Xenoctistes  subalaris  lineatus  (LAWRENCE):  Similar  to  X.  s.  subalaris,  but 
slightly  larger,  with  decidedly  longer  bill;  pileum  almost  plain  or  but  faintly  streaked 
on  anterior  portion;  back  much  more  rufous  brown;  throat  patch  deeper  buffy  yel- 
low; rest  of  under  surface  more  brownish,  with  the  light  mesial  streaks  narrower 
and  more  sharply  defined,  etc. 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica  8,  Chiriqui  7. 

b  No  specimens  seen  from  Veragua. 

0  Xenoctistes  subalaris  tacarcunae  (CHAPMAN):  "General  color  of  under  parts 
grayer,  less  olivaceous  than  either  X.  s.  subalaris  and  X.  s.  lineatus;  streaks  below  as 
broad  as  in  subalaris,  but  paler;  throat  patch  slightly  paler  than  in  subalaris,  but 
smaller  and  more  sharply  defined  from  the  chest  and  thus  more  like  that  of  lineatus; 
upper  parts  more  as  in  subalaris,  but  crown  averaging  browner,  the  streaks  on  back 
wider."  (CHAPMAN,  I.e.). 

We  have  not  seen  this  obviously  well  characterized  form. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  193 

Xenoctistes   subalaris   subalaris    (Sclater).     STRIPED-BELLIED   XEN- 
OCTISTES. 

Anabates  subalaris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  141,  1859 — Pallatanga, 
Ecuador. 

Anabazenops  subalaris  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  159,  1862 — Palla- 
tanga; BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p.  300 — Cayan- 
deled,  Pedregal,  Surupata,  Chaguarpata,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined) ;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  108,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Pallatanga,  "Quito"; 
GOODFELLOW,  Ibis.  1902,  p.  6 1 — west  side  of  Pichincha. 

Xenicopsis  subalaris  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g£ogr.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  Equat.,  9, 
p.  B  43,  1911 — Gualea  (syn.  part). 

Xenicopsis  subalaris  subalaris  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1151 — Loma 
Hermosa,  Rio  Jamaraya,  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36, 
p.  413,  1917 — La  Frijolera,  Salencio,  Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  Cerro 
Munchique,  Gallera,  Miraflores,  Colombia. 

Xenicopsis  subalaris  columbianus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  31,  p.  150, 
1912 — Miraflores,  central  Andes,  Colombia. 

Range :  Subtropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador,  Western  Andes  and 
west  slope  of  Central  Andes  of  Colombia0. 

Xenoctistes  subalaris  mentalis  (Taczanowski  and  Berlepsch}b.    BUFF- 
CHINNED  XENOCTISTES. 

Anabazenops  mentalis  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  96 — Machay,  Ecuador  (three  topotypes  examined). 

Anabazenops  subalaris  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15 
p.  108,  1890 — part,  spec,  e-h,  Machay,  Jima,  Ecuador. 

Xenicopsis  mentalis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1151  (in  text) — part, 
Machay,  Ecuador  (diag.). 

Range :    Subtropical  Zone  of  eastern  Ecuador  (Machay,  Baeza) . 

8  Specimens  from  Colombia  (columbianus)  are  perhaps,  after  all,  separable  on 
account  of  their  more  heavily  striped  under  parts,  but  I  have  not  been  able  to  com- 
pare a  satisfactory  series  of  Ecuadorian  birds. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Cayandeled  i,  Chaguarpata  i,  Gualea  i,  "Pichin- 
cha" 2.  Colombia:  Loma  Hermosa  i, Heights  of  Caldas,  Valle  i,  Bitaco  Valley,  Valle  4, 
La  Cumbre,  Valle  i. 

b  Xenoctistes  subalaris  mentalis  (TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH)  :  Similar  to 
X.  s.  subalaris,  but  upper  parts  much  darker,  the  pileum  blackish  instead  of  Dresden 
brown,  the  back  almost  bister  brown,  both  pileum  and  back  (except  rump)  marked 
with  much  more  conspicuous  and  broader  buff  shaft  stripes;  the  narrow  buff  super- 
ciliaries  barely  suggested  by  a  few  isolated  streaks;  gular  patch  much  deeper,  buffy 
yellow  instead  of  maize  yellow,  and  decidedly  smaller,  being  restricted  to  chin  and 
upper  throat;  under  parts  somewhat  more  rufescent  and  more  heavily  streaked 
with  buff.  Wing  87-94;  tail  81-85;  bill  18-19. 

Material  examined. — Machay  3,  Baeza  i. 


ip4  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
Xenoctistes  subalaris  striolatus  (Todd)».    STRIOLATED  XENOCTISTES. 

Xenicopsis  striolatus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  173,  Aug.  1913 — Anzoa- 
tegui,  Est.  Lara,  Venezuela  (type  examined). 

Anabazenops  subalaris  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  108,  1890 — part,  spec,  j,  Bogota. 

Xenicopsis  mentalis  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH)  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1911,  p.  1157  (in  text) — part,  Bogotd. 

Xenicopsis  subalaris  mentalis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  414, 
1917 — La  Candela,  Fusugasugd,  Buena  Vista,  Colombia. 

Range:  Western  Venezuela  (Anzoategui,  10  kilom.  east  of  Humu- 
caro,  State  of  Lara),  and  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia,  in  states  of  San- 
tander  (Cachiri,  La  Palmita)  and  Cundinamarca  ("Bogota",  Fusu- 
gasuga,  Buena  Vista,  above  Villavicencio) ;  according  to  Chapman  also 
on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Central  Andes  (La  Candela,  State  of  Huila) . 


Xenoctistes  guttulatus  (Sclater)b.    GUTTULATED  XENOCTISTES. 

Anabazenops  guttulatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  "1857",  p.  272,  pi.  130,  Jan. 
1858 — "in  Venezuela,  prope  urbem  Caracas"  (type  in  Paris  Museum  exam- 
ined; =juv.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  109,  1890 — Caracas. 

Xenicopsis  guttulatus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  94,  1906 — Caracas  (crit.);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 

a  Xenoctistes  subalaris  striolatus  (Tooo) :  Most  nearly  related  to  X .  s.  subalaris, 
but  pileum  somewhat  darker,  less  rufescent,  and  more  conspicuously  streaked  with 
buff;  anterior  and  middle  portion  of  back  much  more  broadly  striped  with  buff; 
wings  less  rufescent;  throat  paler,  less  buffy;  pale  striping  of  lower  parts  broader 
and  reaching  down  to  the  middle  of  the  abdomen;  bill  smaller.  Wing  (two  males) 
89,  (three  females)  81-86;  tail  81-84;  bill  16.5-18. 

In  the  extensive  gular  patch  and  the  narrow  buff  superciliary  streak  this  form 
agrees  with  X.  s.  subalaris,  and  the  juvenal  plumage  is  also  very  similar,  having  the 
superciliaries,  sides  of  neck  and  anterior  under  parts  plain  orange  ochraceous,  but 
differs  by  the  pileum  and  upper  back  being  strongly  streaked  with  ochraceous 
orange. 

X.  s.  striolatus  partakes  of  X.  s.  mentalis  of  the  strongly  streaked  upper  and 
under  parts,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  less  blackish  pileum,  more  distinct  buff 
superciliaries,  and  much  larger  as  well  as  paler  yellowish  throat  area. 

In  birds  from  Colombia  (Santander  and  Buenavista)  the  pale  striping  both  on 
back  and  lower  parts  is  slightly  narrower  than  in  the  type  with  which  they  other- 
wise agree. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Lara:  Anzoategui  i.  Colombia:  Cachiri,  San- 
tander i,  La  Palmita,  Santander  2;  Buena  Vista  i ;  "Bogota"  2. 

b  Xenoctistes  guttulatus  (SCLATER)  :  Differs  from  X.  s.  striolatus  by  much  larger 
(deeper  and  longer)  bill;  much  more  conspicuous,  deeper  buff  superciliaries;  un- 
streaked  Dresden  brown  pileum;  much  broader,  laterally  black- edged  streaks  on 
back;  squamate  (blackish  olive)  markings  on  malar  region  and  foreneck;  decidedly 
broader,  apically  more  rounded  light  stripes  on  breast  and  abdomen.  Besides,  the 
juvenal  plumage  is  very  different,  having  only  an  exceedingly  large  superciliary 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR .  195 

A,  Heft  5,  p.  103,  1912 — La  Cumbre  de  Valencia  (Carabobo),  Los  Palmales 
(Bermudez)  (crit.). 

Range:  North  Coast  Mountains  of  Venezuela,  in  states  of  Ber- 
mudez (Los  Palmales),  and  Carabobo  (Cumbre  de  Valencia),  and  in 
Dept.  Federal  Occidental  (Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila;  Silla  de  Caracas). 

Genus  XENICOPSOIDES  Cory*. 
Xenicopsoides  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  273,  1919 — type  Anabates  striaticollis  SCLATER. 

Xenicopsoides  montanus  yungae  (Chapman}*.     BOLIVIAN   XENICOP- 
SOIDES. 

Philydor  montanus  bolivianus  (not  Philydor  rufus  bolivianus  BERLEPSCH  1907) 

CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  15,  Aug.,  1923 — Locotal,  Prov.  Cocha- 

bamba,  Bolivia. 
Philydor  montanus  yungae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  96,  p.  12,  Nov.  1923 — 

new  name  for  P.  m.  bolivianus  CHAPMAN. 
Anabazenops  temporalis  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1873,  p.  185 — San  Antonio,  Cuzco;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  P-  622 — Tilotilo,  Bolivia; 

TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  159,  1884 — part,  San  Antonio,  but  not  the 

description;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  107,  1890 — part,  spec,  h,  i, 

San  Antonio  (Peru),  Tilotilo  (Bolivia)  (spec,  examined). 
Anabazenops  striaticollis  (not  of  SCLATER  1857)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 

15,  p.  1 08,  1890 — part,  spec,  i,  Bolivia. 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru  (Santo  Domingo,  Rio  Inambari,  Cara- 
doc,  Marcapata),  and  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba). 

Xenicopsoides   montanus  montanus    (Tschtidi).      MOUNTAIN    XENI- 
COPSOIDES. 

Anabates  montanus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  295,  1844 — Peru;  idem, 
Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,    p.  240,  pi.  20,  fig.    i,   1846 — wooded   region  of  Peru, 

stripe  orange  ochraceous,  while  the  sides  of  the  neck  are  deep  buff,  edged  with 
blackish,  and  the  under  parts  buff,  marked  with  blackish  olive  about  the  same  way 
as  in  adults. 

Although  evidently  a  geographical  representative  of  X.  subalaris,  the  peculiar 
juvenal  plumage  induces  me  to  regard  this  form — at  least  provisionally — as  specifi- 
cally distinct. 

Four  specimens  from  Bermudez  (Los  Palmales)  appear  to  be  inseparable  from 
the  Caracas  birds. 

Material  examined. — Carabobo:  La  Cumbre  de  Valencia  17.  Dept.  Federal 
Occidental:  "Caracas"  i,  Silla  de  Caracas  i,  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  i.  Bermudez: 
Los  Palmales  4. 

a  This  group  appears  to  deserve  generic  separation.  While  decidedly  distinct 
from  Xenoctistes  (  =  Xenicopsis  auct.),  as  suggested  by  Robert  Ridgway,  it  seems 
more  nearly  related  to  Philydor  from  which  it  differs,  however,  by  less  graduated 
tail,  proportionately  longer  wings,  as  well  as  much  longer  toes  and  claws. 

b  Xenicopsoides  montanus  yungae  (CHAPMAN)  :  Similar  to  X.  m.  montanus,  but 
more  rufescent  throughout;  under  parts  brighter,  old  gold  rather  than  buffy  citrine, 


196  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

between  10°  and  12°  lat.  south  (type  in  Neuchatel  Museum  examined): 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  86 — (note  on  one  of  Tschudi's  typical 
specimens  in  Mus.  Smithson.  Inst.,  Washington). 

Philydor  montanus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  528 — Pumamarca; 
idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  153,  1884  "Maraynioc"  =  Pumamarca;  BERLEPSCH 
and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  13,  1905  (crit.  note  on  type). 

Philydor  striaticollis  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  528 
— Amable  Maria,  Pumamarca;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  153,  1884 — Amable 
Maria,  Pumamarca,  Ropaybamba;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1885,  p.  97 — Mapoto,  Machay,  Ecuador. 

Anabazenops  striaticollis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  108,  1890 — part, 
Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  375 — Garita  del 
Sol,  Junin. 

Philydor  montanus  montanus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  103,  1912 — part,  central  Peru;  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit., 
86,  p.  16,  1923 — Chelpes,  Utcuyacu  (Dept.  Junin,  Peru),  Zamora  (Ecuador). 

Range:     Peru  (Dept.  Junin),  and  apparently  extending  northward 
to  eastern  Ecuador  (Zamora,  Machay,  Mapoto) a. 


*Xenicopsoides  montanus  striaticollis  (Sclater)*.     COLOMBIAN   XEKI- 
COPSOIDES. 

Anabates  striaticollis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  p.  17,  June  1857 — Bogota. 

Philydor  striaticollis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  378 — "New  Granada"; 
BERLEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  4,  p.  185,  1887 — Bogota. 

Anabazenops  temporalis  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1879,  p.  522 — Concordia,  Antioquia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  107,  1890 — part,  spec,  f,  g,  Antioquia  (spec,  examined). 

with  the  light  central  streaks  on  chest  more  pronounced;  inner  margin  to  quills 
deeper  ochraceous  buff. 

A  large  series  from  Bolivia  and  one  male  from  Caradoc,   Marcapata  examined. 

•  Two  specimens  from  eastern  Ecuador,  though  slightly  intermediate,  appear  to 
be  nearer  the  Peruvian  than  the  Colombian  form. 

b  Xenicopsoides  montanus  striaticollis  (SCLATER)  :  Differs  from  X.  m.  montanus 
by  somewhat  paler,  less  rufous  upper  parts,  and  by  having  the  crown  olivaceous,  in 
decided  contrast  to  the  color  of  the  back. 

Birds  from  western  Venezuela  (states  of  Trujillo  and  Lara)  in  the  collection  of 
the  Carnegie  Museum  agree  with  a  series  from  the  eastern  Andes  of  Colombia 
(Bogota,  Santander),  while  specimens  from  the  western  (and  possibly  central)  Andes 
are  very  slightly  deeper  colored  below.  They  are,  however,  very  distinct  from  the 
West  Ecuadorian  form,  and  Sclater  and  Salvin's  reference  to  X.  m.  temporalis  of 
some  skins  from  Antioquia  was  a  mistake. 

Material  examined. — Colombia,  Western  Andes:  Bitaco  Valley,  Valle  9,  La 
Cumbre,  Valle  4,  Las  Lomitas  i,  San  Antonio  i ;  Eastern  Andes:  "Bogota  9,  La  Pal- 
mita,  Santander  7,  Ventanas,  Santander  i.  Venezuela:  Guamito,  Trujillo  2,  Guarico, 
Lara  4,  Anzoategui,  Lara  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  197 

Anabazenops  striaticollis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  108,  1890 — spec, 
a-f,  Bogotd,  Colombia. 

Philydor  montanus  striaticollis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  103,  1912 — part,  Bogota,  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  36,  p.  412,  1917 — Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio  (w.  Andes),  Miraflores, 
Salento,  La  Sierra,  near  San  Agustin,  La  Candela  (central  Andes),  Fusugasuga, 
Aguadita,  El  Roble  (e.  Andes),  Colombia. 

Range :  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  region)  and  adjacent  parts 
of  western  Venezuela  (in  states  of  Trujillo  and  Lara). 

4:     Colombia  ("Bogota"  2,  San  Antonio  i,  Las  Lomitas  i). 

Xenicopsoides   montanus   anxius    (Bangs}9'.     SANTA    MARTA    XENI- 

COPSOIDES. 
Xenicopsis  anxius  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  83,  1902 — Chirua 

Santa  Marta  Mts. 
Anabazenops  striaticollis  (not  of  SCLATER)  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.Wash.,13,  p.gg 

1899 — Chirua,  San  Miguel,  La  Concepcion;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 

J3i  P-  J58,  1900 — Onaca,  Valparaiso,  El  Libano,  Las  Nubes. 
Philydor  montanus  anxius  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5, 

p.  103,  1912 — Sierra  of  Santa  Marta. 
Xenicopsis  montanus  anxius  TODD  and   CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 

p.  283,  1922 — Las  Nubes,  Valparaiso,  Cincinnati,  San  Lorenzo,  Las  Taguas, 

Las  Vegas,  Pueblo  Viejo,  Heights  of  Chirua. 

Range:     Santa  Marta  Mountains  in  northern  Colombia. 

Xenicopsoides    montanus    venezuelanus    (Hellmayr)b.      VENEZUELAN 

XENICOPSOIDES. 
Philydor  venezuelanus  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  24-24  bis,  p.  49, 

April  1911 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo,  Venezuela. 

Philydor  montanus  venezuelanus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  1 02,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia. 

8  Xenicopsoides  montanus  anxius  (BANGS)  :  Nearest  to  X.  m.  striaticollis,  but 
upper  parts  more  olivaceous;  superciliaries  and  throat  much  brighter,  maize  or 
mustard  yellow;  breast  and  abdomen  more  yellowish,  less  fulvous. 

Material  examined. — Ten  specimens  from  the  Santa  Marta  region  (El  Libano, 
Las  Nubes,  Valparaiso,  Las  Taguas). 

b  Xenicopsoides  montanus  venezuelanus  (HELLMAYR)  :  Nearest  to  X.  m.  striati- 
collis, but  immediately  recognizable  by  its  much  paler  coloration;  pileum  grayish 
brown,  faintly  tinged  with  olive,  instead  of  decidedly  olivaceous;  back  less  rufescent; 
upper  tail  coverts  light  cinnamon  rufous  like  the  tail;  auriculars  grayish  rather  than 
olive;  throat  white,  tipped  with  grayish  brown;  breast  and  abdomen  brownish  buff 
or  grayish  brown,  etc.  Wing  (nine  males)  84-90,  (nine  females)  77-82;  tail  69-79; 
bill  14.5-16. 

Birds  from  the  Caracas  region  average  slightly  paler  than  those  from  the  Cumbre 
de  Valencia. 

Material  examined. — Cumbre  de  Valencia  14,  Cerro  del  Avila,  near  Caracas  4. 


198  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Coast  ranges  of  northern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Carabobo 
(Cumbre  de  Valencia),  and  Dept.  Federal  Occidental  (Galipan,  Cerro 
del  Avila). 

Xenicopsoides    montanus    temporalis    (Sdater)*.      SPOTTED-BREASTED 
XENICOPSOIDES. 

Anabates  temporalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  141,  1859 — Pallatanga, 
Ecuador. 

Anabazenops  temporalis  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  159,  1862 — Palla- 
tanga;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  562 — Chimbo; 
idem,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  300 — Pedregal;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  107, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a-e,  Pallatanga,  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  61 — 
Intac. 

Xenicopsis  temporalis  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Mes.  Arc  Merid.  Equat., 
9,  p.  B  43,  1911 — Gualea;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Arkiv  Zool.,  14,  No.  25, 
p.  70,  1922 — road  to  Mindo. 

Range :  Western  Ecuador,  from  Province  of  Esmeraldas  south  to 
El  Oro. 

*Xenicopsoides  montanus  variegaticeps   (Sclater).     SCALY-THROATED 
XENICOPSOIDES. 

Anabazenops  variegaticeps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  "1856",  p.  289,  Jan. 
1857 — Cordova,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  106, 
1890 — Jalapa  (Mexico),  Barranca  Honda,  Savanna  Grande,  Choctum,  Vera 
Paz  (Guatemala),  Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr. 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  162,  1891 — Mexico  to  Panama. 

Xenicopsis  variegaticeps  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  44,  1902 — 
Boquete  and  Volcan  de  Chiriqui;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  642, 
1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  207,  1911 — southern  Mexico  to  western  Panama  (monog.). 

Xenicopsis  variegaticeps  idoneus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  19,  p.  108,  1906 
— Boquete,  Chiriqui. 

Range:    Southern    Mexico     (in    states   of   Vera  Cruz,   Guerrero, 

»  Xenicopsoides  montanus  temporalis  (SCLATER)  :  Differs  from  the  preceding  races 
by  well  denned,  lengthened,  deep  yellow  ocher  or  ochraceous  superciliaries;  wide 
buff  orbital  ring;  deeper  chestnut  brown  back;  much  darker  rufous  tail;  yellow 
ocher  breast,  heavily  spotted  with  paler,  etc.  From  X.  m.  variegaticeps,  of  Central 
America,  which  it  resembles  in  coloration  of  tail  and  development  of  superciliaries, 
it  may  be  distinguished  by  the  bright  yellow  ocher  and  much  more  spotted  breast, 
besides  several  minor  characters.  Wing  (four  males)  89-93,  (two  females)  81-84; 
tail  66-72;  bill  16-17. 

Although  very  different  from  its  geographical  neighbor  X.  m.  striaticottis,  this 
is  certainly  but  a  race  of  the  montanus  group,  some  of  its  characters  (coloration  of 
under  parts)  being  suggested  by  the  Bolivian  X.  m.  yungae. 

Material  examined. — Chimbo  2,  Pedregal  i,  Mindo  2,  Gualea  i,  Intac  i,  La 
Chonta  (El  Oro)  i,  Rio  Verde,  3,200  ft.,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  2. 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  199 

Oaxaca,  and  Chiapas),  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Costa  Rica,  and  western 
Panama  (Boquete,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui)a. 

13:  Mexico  (Orizaba  i);  Honduras  (Mt.  Camp,  San  Pedro  Sula  i); 
Costa  Rica  (La  Candelaria  i,  Juan  Vifias  i);  Panama  (Boquete  7, 
Chiriqui  2). 

Xenicopsoides   amaurotis    (Temmmck)b.     WHITE-BROWED    XENICOP- 
SOIDES. 

Anabates  amaurotis  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  40,  pi.  238,  fig.  2,  Nov.  1823 — 
"Bre'sil"=Sao  Paulo";  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tlbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  29,  1856 — 
Brazil  (ex  NATTERER). 

Xenops  nigrocapillus  LESSON,  Traite  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  318,  Sept.  1830 — new 
name  for  Anabates  amaurotis  TEMMINCK. 

Anabates  infuscatus  (not  of  SCLATER  1856)  PELZELNd,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  106,  129,  1859 — Mattodentro,  Ypanema,  Prov. 
Sao  Paulo  (types  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  40,  1868 — same  localities. 

Philydor  amaurotis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  379 — Brazil;  BERLEPSCH 
and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  30,  1905  (crit.,  synon.,  range);  IHERING, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  239,  1907 — Alto  da  Serra,  Iguape,  Estagao  Rio  Grande, 
Prov.  Sao  Paulo. 

Anabazenops  amaurotis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  107,  1890 — part, 
Mattodentro,  Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  227,  1899 — Iguape", 
Sao  Paulo. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Sao  Paulo  (Ypanema, 
Mattodentro,  Iguape,  Alto  da  Serra,  Estac.ao  Rio  Grande). 

Genus  PHILYDOR  Spix. 

Philydor  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  73,  1824 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY,  1855)  Phily- 
dor superciliaris  SPIX  =  Anabates  atricapillus  WIED. 

Dendroma  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  316,  1837 — generic  characters8,  type 

a  On  comparing  nine  specimens  from  Chiriqui  (idoneus)  with  a  considerable 
series  from  more  northern  localities  I  fail  to  see  any  constant  difference,  although 
there  is  much  individual  variation  in  the  tinge  of  the  lower  parts. 

b  Xenicopsoides  amaurotis  (TEMMINCK),  while  unquestionably  congeneric  with 
X.  montanus,  may  be  distinguished  by  the  feathers  of  the  pileum  being  centrally 
spotted  with  white  and  subapically  margined  with  black;  much  broader,  buffy  white 
superciliary  stripe;  prouts  brown  instead  of  dull  olive  auriculars;  pure  white,  un- 
marked throat;  large  white  spots  on  foreneck  and  breast;  more  rufescent  abdomen; 
smaller  bill.  Wing  (male)  80,  (female)  74;  tail  75,  (female)  70,  71;  bill  15-15.5. 
Three  specimens  from  Sao  Paulo  (Mattodentro,  Ypanema)  examined. 

8  According  to  the  registers  of  the  Vienna  Museum,  the  example  forwarded  to 
Temminck,  was  taken  at  Ypanema. 

d  Anabates  infuscatus  BONAPARTE  (Consp.  Av.,  i,  p.  210,  1850)  is  a  nomen  nudum. 

8  The  only  species  quoted,  Dendroma  caniceps  SWAINSON  (based  on  the  unpub- 
lished plate  80  of  the  author's  "Ornithological  Drawings")  is  a  nomen  nudum. 


200  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

by  subs,  desig.,  (GRAY,  1855,  p.  28)  Sphenura  poliocephala  LICHTENSTEIN  — 
Dendrocopus  rufus  VIEILLOT. 

Euphilydor  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  273,  1919 — type  PhUydor  lichtensteini  CABANIS 
and  HEINE8. 


*Philydor  atricapillus  (Wied).    BLACK-CAPPED  PHILYDOR. 

Anabates  atricapillus  WIED,  Reise  Bras.,  2,  p.  147  (8°  ed.,  p.  146),  1821 — Rio 
Catole',  Prov.  Bahia;  idem,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1187,  1831 — s.e. 
Brazil;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  129, 
1859  (soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  40,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Praia  do 
Sai,  Rio;  Ypanema,  Paciencia,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo. 

Sphenura  super ciliaris  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  41,  1823 — 
Bahia. 

Xenops  melanocephalus  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  318,  Sept.  1830 — new 
name  for  Philydor  superciliaris  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  I,  pi.  73,  1824. 

Xenops  canivetii  LESSON,  Cent.  Zool.,  livr.  2,  p.  60,  pi.  16,  Sept.  1830 — ''Bresil". 

Philydor  atricapillus  pallidior  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  61,  Feb.  1919 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay1*. 

PhUydor  superciliaris  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  73,  pi.  73,  fig.  i,  1824 — Prov.  Minas 
Geraes;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  378  (synon.);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn., 
22,  p.  86,  1874 — Cantagallo. 

Anabates  superciliaris  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  28,  1856 — 
Brazil. 

Philydor  atricapillus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  247,  1889  (note  on 
Wied's  types);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  96,  1890 — Bahia,  Santa  Fg 
(Minas),  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  226,  1899 — 
Iguape',  Ypiranga,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo; 
idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  p.  240,  1907 — Ypiranga,  Alto  da  Serra,  Iguape",  Sao 
Sebastiao,  Villa  Bella,  Osasco,  Mattao,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  Espirito  Santo;  BER- 
TONI,  Rev.  Inst.  Parag.,  1907,  p.  —  [Sep.  p.  6]  — Alto  Parana,  Paraguay;  HELL- 
MAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  625,  1906  (crit.);  CHUBB, 
Ibis,  1910,  p.  530 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  333, 
1914 — Paraguay,  Misiones;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  53,  1914 — Alto  Parana. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  and  southern  Minas  Ger- 
aes (Marianna)  south  to  Sao  Paulo,  and  adjacent  parts  of  Argentina 
(Misiones)  and  Paraguay  (Sapucay). 

8  Philydor  lichtensteini,  in  spite  of  its  slightly  divergent  bill,  appears  to  me  insep- 
arable— even  subgenerically — from  P.  rufus  and  P.  atricapillus,  while  P.  dimidiatus 
and  P.  baeri  are  obviously  near  relatives  of  P.  pyrrhodes.  On  the  other  hand,  Ana- 
bates  amaurotis  TEMMINCK,  assigned  to  the  group  Euphilydor  by  the  late  C.  B.  Cory, 
is  strictly  congeneric  with  Anabates  striaticollis  SCLATER,  the  genotype  of  Xenicop- 
soides  CORY. 

b  I  am  unable  to  distinguish  two  Paraguayan  specimens,  claimed  by  Chubb  to 
be  paler  above  and  brighter  underneath,  from  the  Brazilian  series,  which  exhibits 
much  individual  variation  in  intensity  of  coloration. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  201 

15:  Brazil  (Rio  i;  Sao  Paulo,  Victoria  3,  Sao  Sebastiao  3,  Fazenda 
Cayoa,  Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema  8) . 

*Philydor  subfulvus  Sclater*.    OCHRE-BELLIED  PHILYDER. 

Philydor  subfulvus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  Nov.  1861,  p.  377 — Gualaquiza, 
Ecuador  (type  in  British  Museum  examined;  =juv.);  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  185 — 
Cosnipata;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  101,  1890 — Gualaquiza,  Cosni- 
pata;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  152,  1884 — part,  Cosnipata;  BERLEPSCH 
and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  375 — Chanchamayo;  idem,  Ornis, 
13,  p.  114,  1906 — Huaynapata,  Marcapata. 

Philydor  ochrogaster  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  No.  i,  p.  ui,  Feb. 
1917 — Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85, 
A,  Heft  10,  p.  76,  1920 — Marcapata. 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Gualaquiza),  Peru  (Huachipa,  Dept. 
Huanuco;  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin;  Cosnipata,  Marcapata,  Dept. 
Cuzco),  and  northern  Bolivia  (Songo,  Yungas  of  La  Paz). 

i:    Peru  (Huachipa  i). 

Philydor  fuscipennis  Salvinb.    DUSKY-WINGED  PHILYDOR. 

Philydor  fuscipennis  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  72 — Santiago  de  Veragua; 
idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  143 — same  locality;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  99,  1890 — same;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  161, 
pi.  46,  fig.  i,  1891 — same;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  204, 
1911 — Santiago,  Cascajal-Cocle',  Veragua;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  211,  1922 — Rio  Esnape,  Darien. 

Range:    Panama  (Veragua,  Darien). 

Philydor  erythronotus  Sclater  and  Salvin*.    RUFOUS-BACKED  PHILYDOR. 

Philydor  erythronotus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  p.  66,  160, 

1873 — Bogota;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  522 — Remedies;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZAN- 

a  Philydor  subfulvus  SCLATER:  Nearest  to  P.  atricapittus,  but  above  dull  Dresden 
brown  instead  of  bright  amber  brown;  crown  not  appreciably  different  from  back; 
rufous  of  rump  and  tail  much  deeper;  under  parts  much  paler  and  duller.  Wing  87- 
95;  tail  75-77;  bill  16-17.5. 

Recent  investigation  shows  this  species  to  be  much  more  nearly  related  to 
P,  atricapittus  than  to  any  other.  It  is,  however,  immediately  recognizable  by  lack- 
ing the  well  defined  blackish  cap,  as  well  as  by  its  much  paler,  less  rufous  coloration 
both  above  and  below.  The  type  of  P.  subfulvus  proves,  on  examination,  to  be  an 
immature  specimen  of  the  present  species,  and  not  of  P.  ruficaudatus,  as  had  been 
supposed. 

Material. — Ecuador:  Gualaquiza  i.  Peru:  Chanchamayo  2,  Huachipa  i,  Marca- 
pata 2.  Bolivia:  Songo  i. 

b  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  rare  species. 

0  Philydor  erythronotus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  In  general  form  similar  to  P.  pyr- 
rhodes  with  which  it  also  agrees  in  blackish  remiges  and  deep  ochraceous  supercil- 
iaries,  but  easily  distinguished  by  chestnut  rufous  instead  of  olivaceous  brown  back, 
rufous  brown  pileum,  deeper  ochraceous  under  parts,  etc.  Wing  (male)  86.5;  tail 
68;  bill  17. 

This  scarce  species  is  known  to  me  from  a  single  adult  male  taken  by  J.  de  Siemir- 
adzki  at  Chimbo,  Ecuador. 


2O2  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

OWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  561 — Chimbo  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  99,  pi.  8,  1890 — Bogotd,  Remedies,  Colombia. 

Range:    Colombia    (Bogota,     Remedies)     and    western  Ecuador 
(Chimbo). 

Philydor  pyrrhodes  (Cdbanis).    CINNAMON-RUMPED  PHILYDOR. 

Anabates  pyrrhodes  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  689, 
'''1848" — coast  of  British  Guiana;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  62,  1858 — 
Rio  Napo. 

Anabates  pyrrhodes  ?  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Akad.  Wiss. 
Wien,  34,  p.  108,  131,  1859 — Salto  Theotonio  (Rio  Madeira),  Barra 
[  =  Manaos],  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  (soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  40, 
1868 — same  localities  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Philydor  pyrrhodes  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  378 — Rio  Napo;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  978 — Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  269 — Pebas;  TACZ- 
ANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  151,  1884 — Pebas;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  420 — 
Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  99,  1890 — 
Rio  Madeira,  Pebas,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  Oyapoc,  Bartica  Grove;  BERLEPSCH 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  62,  1902 — Nericagua,  Munduapo,  R.  Orinoco 
(spec,  examined);  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  499 — Rio  Capim;  IHERING,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  436,  1905 — Rio  Jurua;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  240, 
1907 — Rio  Jurua;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  524,  1906 — Pard,  Rio 
Capim;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  16,  1907 — Itaituba,  Tapajdz;  idem, 
I.e.,  14,  p.  365,  1907 — Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  321,  1910 — 
Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  146,  1908 — Ipousin, 
Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl. 
math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  91,  1912 — Para,  Capim; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  329,  1914 — Para,  Aproaga  (Rio  Capim), 
Arumatheua  (Rio  Tocantins),  Obidos;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci. 
Bull.,  2,  p.  263,  1916 — Munduapo,  Nericagua;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  36,  p.  411,  1917 — La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta,  Colombia;  BANGS  and 
PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  66,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo; 
CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  107,  1921 — Ituribisci,  Supenaam,  Bartica, 
Abary  River. 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela  (Nericagua, 
Munduapo,  upper  Orinoco) ;  southeastern  Colombia  (Caqueta  region) ; 
eastern  Ecuador;  northeastern  Peru  (Pebas);  northern  Brazil,  east  to 
Para,  south  to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha,  Calama,  Salto  Theotonio)8. 

Philydor   dimidiatus  (Pelzeln)b.    PELZELN'S  PHILYDOR. 

Anabates  dimidiatus  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 

a  Fifteen  specimens  from  Brazil  (Rio  Madeira,  Rio  Negro,  Rio  Tapaj6z),  French 
and  British  Guiana,  and  Venezuela  (Orinoco)  examined. 

b  Philydor  dimidiatus  (PELZELN)  :  Most  nearly  related  to,  and  agreeing  with 
P.  pyrrhodes  in  coloration  of  under  parts  and  sides  of  head;  but  bill  slenderer, 
with  the  gonys  apically  more  ascending;  back  much  brighter,  cinnamon  brown  rather 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  203 

34,  p.  107,  130,  1859 — Sangrador  and  Rio  Manso,  Matto  Grosso  (types  in 
Vienna  Museum  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  40,  1868 — same  localities. 

Philydor  dimidiatus  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  29,  1905 

(crit.). 

Range:  Central  Brazil,  in  eastern  Matto  Grosso  (Sangrador,  Rio 
Manso) . 

Philydor  baeri  Hellmayr*.    BAER'S  PHILYDOR. 

Philydor  baeri  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  2,  No.  24-24  bis,  p.  50,  April 
1911— Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem,  Minas  Geraes. 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil,  in  western  Minas  Geraes  (Agua  Suja, 
near  Bagagem). 

*Philydor  lichtensteini  Cabanis  and  Heine*.    LICHTENSTEIN'S  PHILYDOR. 

Philydor  lichtensteini  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  29,  1859 — Brazil; 
CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo;  idem,  I.e.,  5,  p.  273,  1902 — Iguap£,  Bauni 
(Sao  Paulo);  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  31,  1905 — Sapi- 
tiba,  Cantagallo  (Rio  de  Janeiro),  Iguape,  Ypanema,  Bauru,  Sao  Carlos,  Sao 
Sebastiao,  Morro  Queimado  (Sao  Paulo),  Capella  Nova,  Rio  Jordao  (Minas 
Geraes),  Sapucay  (Paraguay)  (diag.,  synon.);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR, 
Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  92,  1906 — Rio  de  Janeiro;  BERTONI,  Rev. 
Inst.  Parag.,  1907,  p.  —  [Sep.  p.  6]  — Alto  Parana;  IHERING,  Cat.  P.  Braz., 
I,  p.  250,  1907 — Alto  da  Serra,  Iguape,  Rio  Feio,  Bauru,  Itapura  (Sao  Paulo), 
Marianna  (Minas  Geraes);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  529 — Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  333,  1914 — Paraguay,  and  Santa  Ana, 
Misiones;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  53,  1914 — Alto  Parana. 

than  olive  brown,  with  the  much  darker  rufous  of  the  rump  restricted  to  the  upper 
tail-coverts;  tail  hazel  rather  than  ochraceous  tawny;  remiges  cinnamon  brown  or 
russet  instead  of  blackish.  Wing  (adult  female)  79.5;  tail  70;  bill  19.  Three  speci- 
mens, 9  ad.  and  d"  juv.,  Sangrador,  o*1  juv.,  Rio  Manso  examined. 

"  Philydor  baeri  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  P.  dimidiatus,  but  much  paler  through- 
out; upper  parts  light  olive  brown,  without  any  rufescent  tinge;  superciliaries  ochra- 
ceous rather  than  cinnamomeous;  loral  spot  buff  instead  of  whitish;  sides  of  head 
light  ochraceous,  without  any  cinnamon  rufous  on  auriculars;  under  parts  including 
tail-coverts  much  paler  ochraceous,  flanks  olive  rather  than  brownish.  Wing  (adult 
male)  87;  tail  75 ;  bill  18.  Two  specimens,  one  adult  and  one  young  male  examined. 

This  is  almost  certainly  but  a  race  of  P.  dimidiatus.  Both  species  are,  however, 
too  imperfectly  known  to  allow  the  use  of  trinomials. 

b  Philydor  lichtensteini  CABANIS  and  HEINE  bears  a  superficial  resemblance  to 
P.  r.  rufus,  but  is  much  smaller  in  all  proportions,  the  bill  particularly  so,  with  the 
gonys  more  strongly  ascending  in  its  terminal  portion;  furthermore,  it  lacks  every 
trace  of  the  ochraceous  frontal  band,  while  the  crown  and  hindneck  are  light  oliva- 
ceous, spotted  with  black  near  the  base  of  the  feathers  which,  in  P.  r.  rufus,  are  uni- 
form dark  gray  from  base  to  tip.  Wing  (thirty-five  specimens)  72-86,  rarely  89; 
tail  72-82;  bill  15-17. 

Material  examined. — Minas  Geraes  (Rio  Jordao)  i,  Rio  de  Janeiro  5,  S5o  Paulo 
(various  localities)  23,  Paraguay  (Sapucay)  6. 


204  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sphenura  poliocephala  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  41,  1823 — 
Sao  Paulo  (part,  junior). 

Anabates  superciliaris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math, 
naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  130,  1859 — Sapitiba,  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
Ypanema;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  40,  1868 — same  localities  (spec,  ex- 
amined). 

Anabates  lichtensteinii  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
p.  378 — Capella  Nova  (Minas  Geraes),  Morro  Queimado,  Sao  Carlos  (Sao 
Paulo). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Minas  Geraes  (Rio  Jor- 
dao,  near  Araguary,  Capella  Nova,  Marianna),  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  Sao 
Paulo;  Paraguay  (Sapucay);  and  northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones). 

18:  Brazil,  Sao  Paulo  (Sao  Sebastiao  2,  Victoria  6,  Fazenda  Cayoa, 
Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema  10). 

*Philydor  rufus  rufus  (  Vieillot).    BUFF-FRONTED  PHILYDOR. 

Dendrocopus  rufus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  ed.,  26,  p.  119,  1818 
— "Bresil",  we  suggest  Rio  de  Janeiro  as  type  locality;  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev. 
Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  285,  1850  (crit.). 

Sphenura  poliocephala  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  41,  1823 — 
Sao  Paulo  (part,  adult). 

Philydor  ruficollis  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  I,  p.  74,  pi.  75,  1824 — interior  of  Bahia  (type 
in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

Xenops  rufifrons  LESSON,  Trait£  d'Orn.,  h'vr.  4,  p.  317,  Sept.  1830 — new  name 
for  Philydor  ruficollis  SPIX. 

Anabates  poliocephalus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tJbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  29,  1856 — 
"Bahia  bis  Para";  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  130,  1859 — Corcovado,  near  Rio,  Curytiba,  Ypanema  (soft  parts); 
idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  40,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo), 
Curytiba  (Parana);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturh.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  379 
— Lagoa  Santa,  Paracatu  (Minas  Geraes),  Novo  Friburgo  (Rio),  Sao  Carlos, 
Sao  Bento  de  Araraquara  (Sao  Paulo) . 

Philydor  rufus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  378 — Brazil  (synon.);  CABANIS, 
Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  86,  1874 — Cantagallo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  97,  1890— Sao  Paulo,  Santa  F6  (Minas),  "Pelotas  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul)"«, 
Rio  Claro  ("Goyaz"),  Chapada  (Matto  Grosso),  Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  113,  1893 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  3,  p.  226,  1899 — Iguap6,  Tiet£,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — 
Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo;  idem,  I.e.,  5,  p.  300,  1902  (egg  descr.);  idem, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  240,  1907 — Ubatuba,  Iguap6,  Baurti,  Sao  Sebastiao, 
Alto  da  Serra,  Itarar£  (Sao  Paulo),  Ourinho  (Parand);  OBERHOLSER,  Proc. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25  ,p.  133,  1902 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl. 
2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  625,  1906  (crit.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  15, 

•  Locality  undoubtedly  erroneous. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  205 

p.  61,  1908 — Paz.  Esperanga,  Goyaz;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  529 — Sapucay; 
CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  478,  497,  1912 — Vera 
Guarany,  Parana;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  333,  1914 — Santa  Ana, 
Misiones;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  53,  1914 — Alto  Parana. 

Philydor  rufus  rufus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  220,  1909 — Iguazu, 
Misiones;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  311,  1912 — Tacuar£ 
and  Itapemiri,  Paraguay;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  101,  1912  (range). 

Range:  Southern  Brazil,  from  provinces  of  Bahia,  Goyaz,  and 
Matto  Grosso  (Chapada)  south  to  Sao  Paulo  and  Parana;  Paraguay; 
northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones)8. 

4:  Brazil,  Sao  Paulo  (Sao  Sebastiao  i,  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande 
do  Rio  Paranapanema  3). 

Philydor    rufus    columbianus    Cabanis    and    Heine*.      VENEZUELAN 
PHILYDOR. 

Philydor  columbianus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  29,  1859 — "Porto 
Cabello"=Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Venezuela;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1868,  p.  167,  170 — Caracas;  idem,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  252 — coast  range  of 
Puerto  Cabello;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  98,  1890 — "Merida", 
coast  range  of  Puerto  Cabello,  Caracas. 

Philydor  rufus  columbianus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  100,  101,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Caracas,  and  "Caripe',  near 
Cumana"  (crit.). 

Range:    Coast  Mountains  of  northern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Cara- 

•  Specimens  from  various  localities  agree  in  coloration,  but  vary  somewhat  in 
size. 

MEASUREMENTS 

MALES  LENGTH  of  WING 
One  from  Bahia  (type  of  P.  ruficollis  SPIX)  98 

Three  from  Minas  Geraes  (Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem)  92,94,96 

One  from  Matto  Grosso  (Chapada)  93 

One  from  Goyaz  (Fazenda  Esperanca)  90 

One  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  88 

Six  from  Sao  Paulo  88,88,89,89,90,91 

Two  from  Argentina  (Misiones)  9i(93 

FEMALES 

Two  from  Minas  Geraes  (Agua  Suja)  84,87 

One  from  Matto  Grosso  (Chapada)  88 

One  from  Goyaz  (Fazenda  Esperanga)  89 

One  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  85 

Two  from  Sao  Paulo  83,86 

One  from  Parand  (Serra  do  Mar)  83 

b  Philydor  rufus  columbianus  CABANIS  and  HEINE:  Similar  to  P.  r.  rufus,  but 
ochreous  frontal  band  narrower,  less  abruptly  denned  posteriorly,  and  duller  in  tone; 
crown  and  nape  olivaceous  rather  than  grayish;  back  darker;  posterior  under  parts 
conspicuously  paler.  Wing  (males)  90-98;  (females)  89-92;  tail  86-94;  bill  18.5-20.5. 

Material. — Cumbre  de  Valencia  10,  Cerro  del  Avila  i,  Silla  de  Caracas  2. 


206  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

bobo  (Cumbre  de  Valencia),  and  Dept.  Federal  Occidental  (Cerro  del 
Avila,  Silla  de  Caracas)8. 

Philydor  rufus  panerythrus  Sclater*.    OCHRACEOUS  PHILYDOR. 

Philydor  panerythrus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1862,  p.  no — Bogotd  (type  in 
British  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  329,  note  (crit.);  idem,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  zoo,  1890 — Bogota,  Isthmus  of  Panama,  Costa  Rica; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  160,  1891 — "Pirris", 
Cervantes  (Costa  Rica),  Panama,  Veragua,  Bogota;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
•  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  203,  1911  (monog.). 

Philydor  semirufus  (lapsu)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  360,  1862 — 
Bogota. 

Automolus  rufescens  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  345,  1867 — 
Birris,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  106,  1868 — Birris;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  6,  p.  414,  1883 — Cervantes,  Costa  Rica;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  n, 
"1888",  p.  565,  Sept.  1889  (crit.). 

Philydor  rufus  panerythrus  ZELEDON,  An.  Mus.  Nac.  Costa  Rica,  i,  p.  113,  1887 
— Cervantes  de  Cartago,  Costa  Rica;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  101,  1912 — Boquete  (Chiriqui),  La  Estrella  (Costa  Rica), 
Veragua,  Bogota  (diag.). 

Philydor  panerythrus  rufescens  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  44,  1902 
— Boquete  and  Caribbean  slope  of  Volcan  of  Chiriqui;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Car- 
negie Mus.,  6,  p.  641,  1910 — "El  Rey"  and  "  La  Lagunaria"  de  Dota,  Costa 
Rica. 

Range:  Costa  Rica  (Birris,  Cervantes,  La  Estrella,  Laguaria,  Los 
Reyes,  etc.),  Panama  (Boquete,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Veragua),  and 
Colombia  (Bogota). 

Philydor  rufus  riveti  Menegaux  and  Hellmayr0.   ECUADORIAN  PHILYDOR. 

Philydor  columbianus  riveti  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  89,  1906  —  Gualea,  Ecuador;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  ge"og. 

a  The  localities  "Me'rida"  and  "Caripe",  Bermudez"  require  confirmation. 

b  Philydor  rufus  panerythrus  SCLATER:  Very  similar  to  P.  r.  columbianus,  but 
wings  somewhat  longer;  back  darker,  more  tawny  brown;  under  parts  much  deeper, 
ochraceous  rather  than  ochraceous  buff.  Wing  (five  specimens)  99-104;  tail  88-94; 
bill  19-20.5. 

The  type — the  only  specimen  ever  taken  in  South  America — differs  from  four 
others  by  decidedly  lighter  cinnamon  rufous  wings  and  slightly  darker  back.  More 
material  from  Colombia  is  much  desired. 

Specimens  examined. — Bogota  (the  type)  i,  Veragua  i,  Boquete  2,  La  Estrella, 
Costa  Rica  i. 

c  Philydor  rufus  riveti  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR:  Differs  from  P.  r.  panerythrus 
by  smaller  size;  more  blackish  crown,  with  cinnamon  frontal  band  less  pronounced; 
much  darker  (sepia)  back;  by  the  breast  and  abdomen  being  washed  with  brownish 
and  decidedly  contrasted  with  the  clear  ochraceous  of  the  throat.  Wing  (three  speci- 
mens) 94-96;  tail  78-83;  bill  19-20.5. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  207 

Mes.  Arc  M6rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  B  42,  pi.  4,  1911 — Gualea,  Quito;  HELLMAYR 
and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  102,  1912  (diag.). 

Philydor  columbianus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902, 
p.  6 1 — west  side  of  Pichincha. 

Range:    Western  Ecuador  (Gualea,  Pichincha,  etc.). 
*Philydor  rufus  bolivianus  Berlepsch*.    BOLIVIAN  PHILYDOR. 

Philydor  columbianus  bolivianus  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  366,  Feb.  1907 — 
Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Philydor  rufus  bolivianus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5, 
p.  101,  1912 — Santa  Cruz,  Songo,  Bolivia  (diag.). 

Range:  Bolivia  (in  depts.  of  Santa  Cruz  and  La  Paz),  and  Peru 
(Dept.  of  Huanuco). 

4 :    Peru  (Huachipa  i ,  Vista  Alegre  3) . 
*Philydor  erythropterus  (Sclater)b.    CHESTNUT-WINGED  PHILYDOR. 

Anabates  erythropterus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  27,  1856 — Bogotd  (type 
in  British  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  26,  p.  61,  1858 — Rio  Napo,  Ecuador. 

Automolus  erythropterus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  158,  1862 — Bogota; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  566 — Nauta,  Peru. 

Philydor  erythropterus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  270 — Nauta; 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  26 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  Pdr.,  2,  p.  154, 
1884 — Yurimaguas,  Nauta;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  303,  1889 — 
Yurimaguas  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  98,  1890 
— Bogota,  Nauta,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  Colombia  (Bogotd-collections) 
through  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo)  to  Peru  (Nauta,  Yuri- 

*  Philydor  rufus  bolivianus  BERLEPSCH:  Nearest  to,  and  agreeing  with  P.  r.  col- 
umbianus in  coloration  of  crown,  but  forehead,  sides  of  head,  and  under  parts  deeper 
ochraceous,  more  like  P.  r.  rufus.  Similar  also  to  P.  r.  panerythrus,  but  ochraceous 
areas  paler,  back  lighter,  buffy  brown  rather  than  tawny  brown,  etc.  Wing  (five 
males)  98-103,  (three  females)  93-98;  tail  88-96;  bill  19-21. 

Peruvian  specimens,  as  a  rule,  have  the  forehead  less  strongly  washed  with  ochra- 
ceous than  a  series  from  Bolivia. 

b  This  exceedingly  distinct  species,  of  which  hardly  more  than  a  dozen  speci- 
mens are  known,  has  evidently  a  wide  range  in  Upper  Amazonia. 

The  two  Brazilian  examples  (American  Museum  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  127747-48)  are 
obviously  not  different  from  two  Bogota  skins  and  an  adult  male  from  Yurimaguas 
with  which  they  were  directly  compared.  There  appears  to  be  a  marked  sexual  dif- 
ference in  size  as  will  be  seen  from  the  subjoined  measurements. 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

One  male  from  Urupa,  Rio  Machados  96  77  19 

One  male  from  Yurimaguas,  Peru  93  73  20 

One  female  from  Rio  Roosevelt  85  71  18 

One  female  from  Puerto  Bemudez,  Peru  89  72  20 

Two  unsexed  Bogota  skins  95, 95  73,77  18.5,19 


2o8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

maguas,  Puerto  Bermudez),  and  western  Brazil  (Urupa,  Rio  Macha- 
dos;  Rio  Roosevelt,  mouth  of  Rio  Cherrie,  northern  Matto  Grosso). 

i:    Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez,  Dept.  Junin  i). 


*Philydor  ruficaudatus  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny)*.    RUFOUS-TAILED 
PHILYDOR. 

Anabates  ruficaudatus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
8,  cl.  2,  p.  15,  1838 — Yuracares,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  26,  1856 — Bogotd;  idem,  I.e.,  26,  p.  61,  1858 
— Rio  Napo. 

Anabates  ruficaudus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  456,  1858 — Gualaquiza, 
Ecuador. 

Philydor  subfulvus  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  152,  1884 
— part,  descr.  spec,  ex  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  in  Coll.  Berlepsch  (spec, 
examined;  =juv.). 

Philydor  subflavescens  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  66,  1873 — Monterico,  n.e. 
Ayacucho  (descr.  adult  and  juv.);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  528 
— Monterico;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  156,  1884 — Monterico  (Peru), 
Sarayacu  (Ecuador);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  374 — La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo,  Peru. 

Anabazenops  immaculatus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  92,  1889 — 
northern  Bolivia. 

Philydor  euophrys  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  375,  in 
text — La  Gloria,  Peru  (=juv.). 

Automolus  ruficaudatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  185 — Cosnipata,  s.e. 
Peru. 

Philydor  ruficaudatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  621 — Yura- 
cares (ex  D'ORBIGNY);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  155,  1884 — Sarayacu 
(Ecuador),  Cosnipata  (Peru);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  100,  1890 
— Bogota,  Gualaquiza,  Sarayacu,  Cosnipata;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  23,  1899 — Rio  Santiago,  Ecuador  (note  on 
juv.);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  524,  1906 — S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Pard; 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  91,  1906 — 
Yuracares  (Bolivia),  Sarayacu,  Bogota  (crit.  on  type);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov. 
Zool.,  15,  p.  146,  1908 — Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana  (spec,  examined); 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  91,  1912 
— S.  Antonio,  Pard;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  329,  1914 — S.  Anto- 
nio do  Prata,  St.  Maria  de  S.  Miguel  (Rio  Guama),  Arumatheua  (Rio  Tocan- 

*•  The  absence  of  rufous  on  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts,  and  the  well  marked 
superciliary  streak  are  the  principal  features  separating  this  bird  from  P.  erythro- 
cercus.  The  birds  with  deep  ochraceous  superciliaries  and  sides  of  the  head,  brownish 
back,  rufous  edged  upper  tail-coverts,  and  deeper  buffy  under  parts  constitute 
the  juvenile  plumage.  Birds  in  which  the  ochraceous  superciliaries  persist  after 
the  juvenile  molt  (first  annual  plumage?)  have  been  separated  as  P.  euophrys. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  209 

tins),  S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira  (Rio  Jary);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci. 
Bull.,  2,  p.  263,  1916 — foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  Venezuela;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  411,  1917 — La  Murelia,  s.e.  Colombia;  HELLMAYR,  Arch. 
Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  75,  1920 — Yahuarmayo,  s.e.  Peru  (crit.). 

Range:  French  Guiana  (Rio  Approuague);  Venezuela  (foot  of 
Mt.  Duida,  upper  Orinoco);  eastern  Colombia  ("Bogota";  La  Morelia, 
Caqueta) ;  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Santiago) ;  Peru 
(La  Gloria,  Dept.  Junin;  Monterico,  Dept.  Ayacucho;  Cosnipata,  Dept. 
Cuzco;  Yahuarmayo,  Dept.  Puno);  northern  Bolivia  (Yuracares,  Rio 
San  Mateo) ;  northern  Brazil  (junction  of  Machados  and  Madeira  riv- 
ers; Para  district;  Tury-assu,  Maranhao) B. 

i :    Brazil,  State  of  Maranhao  (Tury-assu  i). 

Philydor    erythrocercus    erythrocercus    (Pelzeln).      RUFOUS-RUMPED 
PHILYDOR. 

(??)  Myiothera  erythacus  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  p.  337,  1855 — Cayenne; 
MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  92,  1906 
(crit.). 

Anabates  erythrocercus  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  105,  128,  1859 — Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos]  (types  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  39,  1868 — Barra  do  Rio  Negro, 
Cayenne. 

Philydor  erythrocercus  guianensis  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  60,  Feb. 
1919 — Ituribisi  River,  Brit.  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  107, 
1921 — Camacusa,  Ourumee,  Brit.  Guiana. 

Philydor  erythrocercus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  379 — Cayenne;  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  155,  1884 — part,  descr.  of  Cayenne  spec.;  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  420 — Camacusa;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  101,  1890 
— part,  a-c,  e,  Camacusa,  British  Guiana,  Barra  [  =  Manaos];  MENEGAUX, 
Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  178,  1904 — Camopi,  French  Guiana;  BERLEPSCH, 
Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  146,  1908 — Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  329,  1914 — part,  Obidos. 

Philydor  erythrocercus  erythrocercus  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  500,  1917 — Cayenne  (crit.). 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana,  and  northern  Brazil,  south  to 
the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon  (Obidos,  Manaos)b. 

*  I  am  unable  to  perceive  any  constant  differences  between  specimens  from 
Bolivia  (ruficaudatus) ,  Peru  (subflavescens) ,  eastern  Ecuador  and  Colombia.  A  single 
example  from  French  Guiana  and  one  from  Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao)  do  not 
seem  to  be  different  either. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Yuracares  i,  Rio  San  Mateo  3.  Peru:  Yahuar- 
mayo, Puno  i.  Ecuador:  Rio  Napo  6,  Sarayacu  2;  "Bogotd  3;  French  Guiana  i; 
Maranhao,  Brazil  i. 

b  Specimens  from  Guiana  (guianensis  CHUBB)  are  identical  with  the  types  from 
Manaos,  as  far  as  I  can  see. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana  9,  British  Guiana  i,  Manaos  2,  Obidos  5. 


210  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Philydor  erythrocercus  lyra  Cherrie*.    LYRA'S  PHILYDOR. 

Philydor  erythrocercus  lyra  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  35,  p.  186,  1916 — 
Sixth  of  March  Rapids,  Rio  Roosevelt,  Matto  Grosso  (type  examined) ; 
HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  500,  1917 — Para,  Calama,  Rio 
Madeira  (crit.). 

Philydor  erythrocercus  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  574 — Para,  part;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  269 — Chamicuros,  Xeberos, 
Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  155,  1884 — part,  Chamicuros,  Xeberos; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  101,  1890 — part,  spec,  d,  Para;  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  436,  1905 — Rio  Juru£  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Cat. 
F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  250,  1907 — Rio  Jurua;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  280, 
1905 — Igarape-Assii,  Para;  idem,  I.e.,  13,  p.  365,  1906 — S.  Antonio  do  Prata, 
Para;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  524,  1906 — S.  Antonio,  Ourem,  Rio 
Guamd;  idem,  I.e.,  56,  p.  14,  1908 — Rio  Purvis;  idem,  I.e.,  56,  p.  507,  1908 — 
Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapaj6z;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  322,  1910 — Calama, 
RioMadeira;  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  37, 
91,  1912 — Peixe-Boi  (Pard  localities);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
p.  329,  1914 — part,  Para,  S.  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Rio 
Guama,  Rio  Moju,  Rio  Tocantins  (Arumatheua),  Xingii  (Victoria),  Rio 
Curua  (Mai.  do  Manuelsinho),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Boim,  Villa  Braga),  Jamauchim 
(Sta  Helena,  Boa  vista),  Rio  Purus. 

Automolus  sclateri  paraensis  (errore)  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  61,  Note, 
1902 — part,  "juv.",  Benevides,  Para  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Maranhao 
westwards,  south  to  northern  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Roosevelt),  and  east- 
ern Peru  (Rio  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Chamicuros). 

2:  Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i);  Peru  (Contamana,  Rio  Ucay- 
ali i). 

Genus  AUTOMOLUS  Reichenbach". 
Automolus  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spec.  Orn.,  Scans.,  A,  Sittinae,  p.  173,  1853 — 

*  Philydor  erythrocercus  lyra  CHERRIE:  Similar  to  P.  e.  erythrocercus,  but  upper 
wing-coverts  and  outer  webs  of  remiges  cinnamon  or  russet  brown,  instead  of  dull 
brown  or  brownish  olive;  back  tinged  with  russet;  under  parts  slightly  more  buffy. 
Wing  (male)  88-92,  (female)  80-87 ;  tail  (male)  70-75,  (female)  65-71;  bill  16-17. 

While  the  size  of  the  bill  alluded  to  by  Hartert  and  Goodson  as  of  possible  racial 
value  proves  to  be  extremely  variable  within  the  same  locality,  specimens  from 
Calama  (Rio  Madeira),  the  Pard  district  and  Maranhao  appear  to  be  somewhat 
duller,  less  russet  above  than  those  from  Matto  Grosso  with  which  a  single  adult 
from  Peru  (Rio  Ucayali)  substantially  agrees.  More  material  is  required  to  confirm 
the  constancy  of  this  variation  or  otherwise. 

Specimens  examined. — Maranhao  (Tury-assu)  i,  Peixe-Boi,  Para  7,  Calama,  Rio 
Madeira  7,  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Roosevelt  and  Barao  Melgaco)  2,  Rio  Ucayali,  Peru  i . 

b  This  genus  comes  very  close  to  Philydor,  but  may  be  separated  by  stronger,  less 
compressed  bill  and  slightly  lengthened  crown  feathers,  suggesting  a  sort  of  crest. 
There  is  no  difference  between  the  two  genera,  as  far  as  I  can  see,  in  the  amount  of 
adhesion  of  the  middle  toe.  A.  leucophthalmus  and  allies  have  more  pointed  wings 
and  shorter  gonys,  as  pointed  out  by  R.  Ridgway,  but  this  is  well  within  the  range  of 
variation  in  the  related  genera. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  211 

type  by  monotypy  Sphenura  sulphurascens  LiCHTENSTEiN=/l«a&ates  leuco- 
ophthalmus  WIED. 

Ipoborus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  31,  1859 — new  name  for  Auto- 
molus  REICHENBACH. 

*Automolus   leucophthalmus   leucophthalmus    (Wied).     WHITE-EYED 

AUTOMOLUS. 

Anabates  leucophthalmus  WIED,  Reise  Bras.,  2,  p.  141,  1821 — Rio  da  Cachoeira, 
one  of  the  headwaters  of  the  Rio  Ilhe'os,  Bahia  (types  examined) ;  idem,  Beitr. 
Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1170,  1831 — Rio  Ilhe'os;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tubers. 
Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  27,  1856 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber. 
math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  127,  1859 — Corcovado  (Rio  de 
Janeiro),  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  (soft  parts);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  39, 
1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Ypanema;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist 
Foren.,  1870,  p.  378 — Lagoa  Santa  (Minas),  Batataes  (Sao  Paulo). 

Sphenura  sulphurascens  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  41,  1823 
—Sao  Paulo. 

Philydor  albogularis  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  I,  p.  74,  pi.  74,  fig.  i,  1824 — Rio  Verde, 
Minas  Geraes  (types  in  Munich  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl. 
2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  625,  1906  (crit.). 

Xenops  gularis  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  livr.,  4,  p.  317,  Sept.  1830 — new  name  for 
Philydor  albogularis  SPIX,  pi.  74  [fig.  i]. 

Xenops  rufus  LESSON,  Traite"  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  318,  Sept.  1830— "Bresil"  (the 
type  examined  in  Paris  Museum  was  obtained  by  MENETRIES  at  Rio  de 
Janeiro);  PUCHERAN,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  5,  p.  547,  1853  (crit.). 

Ipoborus  sulphurascens  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio. 

Automolus  leucophthalmus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  246,  1889 — Rio 
Ilhe'os  (crit.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  95,  1890 — part,  "Lagoa 
dos  Patos",  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  225,  1899 — 
Tiete',  Piracicaba,  Iguap6;  EULER,  I.e.,  4,  p.  63,  1900  (nest  and  egg  descr.); 
IHERING,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo;  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul,  16,  p.  129,  1899 — "Lagoa  dos  Patos"  (ex  SCLATER);  MENEGAUX  and 
HELLMAYR,  M&n.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  89,  1906 — part,  spec,  a, 
Rio  de  Janeiro;  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  p.  239,  1907 — Avanhandava,  Ita- 
pura,  Piracicaba,  Jaboticabal,  Rio  Feio,  Ubatuba,  Tiete,  Iguap£  (Sao  Paulo), 
Ourinho  (Parana),  Espirito  Santo,  Puerto  Bertoni  (Paraguay);  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  61,  1908 — Fazenda  Esperanca,  Goyaz;  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  302,  1910 — Puerto  Bertoni;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag., 
p.  52,  1914 — Puerto  Bertoni,  Iguassu;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  332, 
1914 — Paraguay,  Misiones;  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (i),  p.  99,  1920 — 
Belmonte-Ilhe'os,  Bahia. 

Phacellodomus  Bergianus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  78,  1901 — Puerto  Ber- 
toni, Paraguay. 

Automolus  leucophthalmus  bergianus  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  528 — Sapucay,  Para- 
guay. 


212  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Automolus  leucophthalmus  sulphurascens  CORY,  Field  Mus.  N.  H.  Pub.,  Orn. 
Ser.,  I,  p.  340,  1916 — Rio  das  Velhas,  Minas. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Bahia  (Rio  Ilheos), 
Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa,  Rio  das  Velhas),  and  Goyaz  (Fazenda 
Esperanga,  near  Goyaz  city),  south  to  Santa  Catharina8;  Paraguay,  and 
northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones)b. 

5:    Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  5). 

*Automolus  leucophthalmus  bangs!  Cory.    BANGS'S  AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  leucophthalmus  bangsi  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  540,    1919 — Sao  Amaro,  a 

few  miles  from  city  of  Bahia. 

Automolus  leucophthalmus  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  95, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a-e,  Bahia;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  89,  1906 — part,  spec,  b-d,  Bahia. 

Range:    Coast  district  of  central  Bahia,  eastern  Brazil, 
i :     Brazil  (Sao  Amaro  i). 

*Automolus  infuscatus  infuscatus    (Sdater).     OLIVE-BACKED  AUTO- 
MOLUS. 

Anabates  infuscatus  SCLATER,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,   (2)   17,  p.  468,   1856 — 

•  A  male  secured  by  Carl  Lehl  at  Blumenau  on  May  30,  1892  in  collection  of 
Count  Berlepsch  examined.  The  locality  "Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul"  does  not 
rest  on  reliable  authority. 

b  I  am  not  at  all  certain  tha<t  Wied's  name  leucophthalmus  really  refers  to  the 
small,  southern  form  of  the  White-eyed  Automolus.  On  comparing  the  types,  I 
find  them  to  agree  with  a  good  series  from  Minas  and  Sao  Paulo  in  the  light  (cinna- 
mon) rufous  of  rump  and  tail,  while  in  trade  skins  from  Bahia  and  a  female  from  Sao 
Amaro  these  parts  are  of  a  decidedly  darker  chestnut  rufous  tone.  The  male  type 
(American  Museum  N.  H.  No.  6808),  however,  is  fully  as  large  as  the  average  of 
bangsi,  and  this  fact  raises  the  question  whether  the  light-colored  tail  in  the  original 
examples  of  A .  leucophthalmus  might  not  be  due  to  fading.  The  point  cannot  be  sat- 
isfactorily settled  without  fresh  material  from  the  type  locality  (Rio  da  Cachoeira, 
s.  Bahia),  though  from  geographical  reasons  A.  leucophthalmus  WIED  is  much  more 
likely  to  belong  to  the  northern  race  separated  as  A.  I.  bangsi.  Birds  from  Rio,  Sao 
Paulo,  Minas  Geraes,  and  Paraguay  appear  to  be  perfectly  alike.  Nineteen  speci- 
mens examined. 

«  Automolus  leucophthalmus  bangsi  CORY:  Similar  to  A.  I.  leucophthalmus  (from 
Rio  de  Janeiro  southward),  but  larger,  and  with  rump  and  tail  considerably  darker, 
more  of  a  chestnut  rufous.  Besides,  the  upper  parts  are  as  a  rule  darker,  and  the 
flanks  more  extensively  washed  with  reddish  brown,  with  the  middle  of  the  abdomen 
more  brownish  buff. 

A.  I,  bangsi  WING  TAIL  BILL 

One  adult  female  from  Sao  Amaro,  Bahia      93  85  22 

Nine  unsexed  "Bahia"  skins  90,91,92,95-97     81-89  22-23 

A.  I.  leucophthalmus 

Male  type  from  Rio  da  Cachoeira,  s.  Bahia     95  90  21.5 

Female  type  from  Rio  da  Cachoeira,  s.  Bahia  86  83  21 

Four  males  from  Minas  Geraes  .     87,87,88,90         86,87,88,88     21-22 

Three  males  from  Sap  Paulo  87,87,92  83,84,87          22-23 

Two  females  from  Minas  Geraes  85,85  86, —  20.5-2 1 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  213 

eastern  Peru  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 
p.  61,  1858 — Rio  Napo. 

Anabates  sclateri  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturwiss.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  in  (in  text),  1859 — new  name  for  Anabates  infuscatus  SCLATER  •. 

Automolus  sclateri  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  750 — Xeberos, 
Chyavetas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  i85-"-Cosnipata;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  P-  27° — 
Xeberos,  Chyavetas;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  26 — Yurimaguas;  idem, 
Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  151,  1884 — Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Cosnipata,  Yurimaguas; 
BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  303,  1889 — Shanusi,  near  Yurimaguas; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  95,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-g,  Rio  Napo, 
Sarayacu  (Ecuador),  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros  (Peru). 

Automolus  infuscatus  infuscatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  53,  1907 — Teffe*, 
Rio  Solimoes  (diag.,  range);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  410, 
1917 — La  Morelia,  Florencia,  Caquetd,  Colombia. 

Range:  From  southeastern  Colombia  (Caqueta  district)  through 
eastern  Ecuador  to  Peru  (depts.  Loreto,  Junin,  and  Cuzco),  and 
adjacent  section  of  northern  Brazil  (Teffe,  Rio  Solimoes,  and  Rio  Purus)b. 

6:    Peru  (Puerto  Arturo,  near  Yurimaguas  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  5). 

Automolus  infuscatus  cervicalis  (Sclater)0.    OLIVE-CAPPED  AUTOMOLUS. 

Philydor  cervicalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1889,  p.  33 — Bartica  Grove,  Cama- 
cusa,  British  Guiana  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  101, 
1890 — Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Surinam. 

Anabates  sclateri  (not  of  PELZELN,  I.e.,  p.  in)  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math, 
naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  132,  1859 — part,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro 
[  =  Manaos],  Marabitanas  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  41,  1868 
— part,  Barra,  Marabitanas. 

Automolus  sclateri  (not  of  PELZELN)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  420 — Bartica  Grove, 
Camacusa;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  95,  1890 — part,  spec,  j-m, 
Camacusa,  Bartica  Grove;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  61, 
1902 — Nericagua,  Rio  Orinoco;  La  Pricion,  La  Union,  Nicare,  Caura  R., 
Venezuela  (spec,  examined). 

•  Considered  to  be  preoccupied  by  Anabates  infuscatus  BONAPARTE  (Consp.  Av., 

1,  p.  210,  1850)  which,  as  a  nomen  nudum,  has  no  nomenclatorial  standing,  however. 

b  Material  examined. — Peru:   Yurimaguas  3,  Puerto  Bermudez  5.  Brazil:  Teffe" 

2,  Rio  Purus  10. 

No  specimens  seen  from  either  Ecuador  or  Colombia. 

8  Automolus  infuscatus  cervicalis  (SCLATER):  Similar  to  A.  i.  infuscatus,  but 
crown  and  hindneck  decidedly  rufescent,  more  or  less  contrasting  with  olive  brown  of 
back,  and  flanks  generally  more  brownish. 

Birds  from  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley  and  Nericagua)  are  practically  identical 
with  the  Guianan  ones.  Three  skins  from  Marabitanas  and  one  from  Manaos  are 
even  more  russet  above,  but  this  may  be  due  to  fading,  since  all  of  them  were  col- 
lected many  years  ago  by  J.  Natterer. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:  Bartica  Grove  2,  Camacusa  3,  Canuku 
Mts.  i,  Rio  Carimang  i,  French  Guiana:  Rio  Approuague  4.  Venezuela:  Nericagua 
2,  Caura  Valley  8.  Brazil:  Marabitanas  3,  Manaos  i,  Obidos  4. 


214  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Automolus  infuscatus  cervicalis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  335,  1906 — Bartica 
Grove,  Camacusa,  Canuku  Mts.,  Rio  Carimang  (crit.,  syn.);  idem,  I.e.,  14, 
p.  53,  1907 — Cayenne,  Brit.  Guiana,  Surinam,  Venezuela,  Marabitanas 
(diag.);  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  145,  1908 — Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French 
Guiana  (spec,  examined);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  263, 
1916 — Nericagua  (Orinoco),  La  Union  (Caura  R.),  Venezuela. 

Automolus  infuscatus  paraensis  (not  of  HARTERT)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  p.  328,  1914 — part,  S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira,  Rio  Jary. 

Automolus  cervicalis  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  105,  1921 — British  Guiana 
(numerous  localities). 

Range:  French,  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela  (Caura- 
Orinoco  basin) ;  northern  Brazil,  north  of  the  Amazon  (Rio  Jary,  Obi- 
dos;  Mandos,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro). 

Automolus  infuscatus  paraensis  Hartert*.    LOWER  AMAZON  AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  sclateri  paraensis  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  61,  note,  1902 — part, 
male,  "Bemavides"  [  =  Benevides],  near  Para  (type  examined). 

Anabates  sclateri  (not  of  PELZELN,  I.e.,  p.  in)  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math, 
naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  132,  1859 — part,  Para,  Borba  (spec, 
examined). 

Philydor  erythrocercus  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  574 — Para,  part  (spec,  examined). 

Automolus  sclateri  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  95, 
1890 — part,  spec,  h,  i,  Para;  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  499 — Rio  Capim;  SNETH- 
LAGE, Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  524,  1906 — Para,  Rio  Capim,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata. 

Automolus  infuscatus  paraensis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  279,  1905 — Igarape- 
Assu,  Para;  idem,  I.e.,  13,  p.  365,  1906 — Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para;  idem, 
I.e.,  14,  p.  53,  1907  (diag.,  range);  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  321,  1910 — Calama,  Rio 
Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  507,  1908 — Bella  Vista,  Rio  Tapa- 
j6z;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  37, 
91,  1912 — Utinga,  Peixe-Boi,  Ipitinga  (Para  localities) ;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  328,  1914 — part,  Para  localities,  Rio  Capim,  Rio  Tocantins, 
Rio  Tapaj6z,  Rio  Jamauchim. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Para  west  to 
the  Rio  Madeira  (Borba,  Calama). 

Automolus  dorsalis  Sclater  and  Salwnb.    RUFOUS-RUMPED  AUTOMOLUS. 
Automolus  dorsalis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  158 — Sarayacu, 

a  Automolus  infuscatus  paraensis  (HARTERT):  Distinguished  from  the  two  other 
races  by  duller  brown  upper  parts,  and  particularly  by  the  crown  being  grayish 
brown,  sometimes  slightly  tinged  with  olive. 

Material  examined. — Para  district  9,  Rio  Jamauchim  i,  Rio  Madeira  (Borba, 
Calama)  2. 

b  Automolus  dorsalis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Not  unlike  A.  infuscatus  cervicalis 
in  general  coloration,  but  much  larger,  with  stouter,  higher  bill,  and  furthermore 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR .  215 

Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  94,  1890 — Sarayacu;  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  409,  1917 — La  Morelia,  Florencia,  Col- 
ombia; Zamora,  Ecuador  (note  on  juv.). 

Range :  Southeastern  Colombia  (Caqueta  region) ,  and  eastern  Ecua- 
dor (Sarayacu,  Zamora). 

Automolus  rubiginosus  rubiginosus  (Sdater}.    RUDDY  AUTOMOLUS. 

Anabates  rubiginosus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  "1856",  p.  288,  Jan.  1857 — 
Cordova,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Automolus  rubiginosus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  96,  1890 — part,  spec. 
a,  b,  "Mexico";  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-  Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  155, 
1891 — Cordoba,  Jalapa,  Coatepec,  Uvero,  Vera  Cruz;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  10,  p.  32,  1898 — Jalapa,  Vera  Cruz;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  214,  1911 — State  of  Vera  Cruz. 

Range:    Southeastern  Mexico,  in  State  of  Vera  Cruz. 

Automolus  rubiginosus  veraepacis  Salvin  and  Godman.     VERA  PAZ 
AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  verae-pacis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr. -Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  156, 
1891 — Coban,  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala. 

Automolus  rubiginosus  (not  of  SCLATER,  1857)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  91,  1890 — part,  spec,  c,  Coban,  Guatemala. 

Automolus  veraepacis  veraepacis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  5°.  Part  5, 
p.  214,  1911 — highlands  of  central  Guatemala  (monog.). 

Range:  Highlands  of  southeastern  Mexico  (in  State  of  Chiapas), 
central  Guatemala  (Coban,  Vera  Paz),  and  Honduras  (Volcan  de  Puca, 
Dept.  Copan)a. 

Automolus  rubiginosus  umbrinus  Salvin  and  Godman,    TAWNY  AUTO- 
MOLUS. 

distinguished  by  possessing  a  conspicuous  buffy  white  loral  spot  and  a  broad  buff 
superciliary  stripe;  upper  parts  much  more  rufous  (about  "argus  brown");  throat 
and  foreneck  more  yellowish,  nearest  to  "massicot  yellow";  under  wing-coverts 
deeper  orange  ochraceous,  etc.  Wing  (one  male)  98;  tail  80;  bill  21. 

The  only  specimen  seen  (American  Museum  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  129796,  male,  Za- 
mora, Ecuador,  October  23,  1913,  W.  B.  RICHARDSON)  differs  somewhat  from  the 
original  description  which  calls  both  superciliaries  and  under  parts  ochraceous, 
while  the  latter,  in  the  Zamora  bird,  are  grayish  buff,  shaded  with  brownish  olive 
on  flanks,  and  passing  into  pale  yellowish  on  throat.  However,  the  type  might 
have  been  a  young  bird,  as  P.  M.  Chapman  suggests. 

The  relationship  of  this  bird  to  A .  i.  infuscatus,  likewise  recorded  from  eastern 
Ecuador,  requires  further  elucidation. 

»An  adult  male}  from  La  Colonia,  Chiapas,  obtained  by  M.  Trujillo  in  May 
1895,  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection,  while  agreeing  with  two  topotypes  from  Coban 
in  coloration  of  under  parts,  has  slightly  paler,  more  olivaceous  wings,  and  the  tail 
of  a  clearer  rufous.  An  adult  female  from  Volcan  de  Puca,  Dept.  Copan,  Honduras, 


2i6  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Automolus  umbrinus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  157, 
1891 — Santa  Maria,  near  Quetzaltenango,  Pacific  slope  of  Guatemala. 

Automolus  rubiginosus  (not  of  SCLATER  1857)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  91,  1890 — part,  spec,  d-h,  Savanna  Grande,  Barranca  Honda,  Volcan  de 
Agua,  Volcan  de  Fuego. 

Automolus  veraepacis  umbrinus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  215,  1911 — highlands  of  western  Guatemala  (monog.). 

Range:  Pacific  slopes  of  Guatemala  (Santa  Maria,  near  Quetzal- 
tenango, Barranca  Honda,  Volcan  de  Agua,  Volcan  de  Fuego). 

Automolus  rubiginosus  guerrerensis  Salvin  and  Godman.    GUERRERO 
AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  guerrerensis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p. 
157,  1891 — Omilteme,  Guerrero;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  p.  216,  1911 — southwestern  Mexico  (monog.). 

Automolus  pectoralis  NELSON,  Auk,  14,  p.  54,  1897 — Pluma,  Oaxaca. 

Range:  Southwestern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Guerrero  (Omilteme, 
Xautipa)  and  western  Oaxaca  (Pluma). 

Automolus  rubiginosus  fumosus  Salvin  and  Godman*.     SOOTY  AUTO- 
MOLUS. 

Automolus  fumosus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  158, 
1891 — Bibalaz,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui  (type  examined);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  216,  1911  (ex  SALVIN  and  GODMAN). 

Automolus  cervinigularis  (not  of  SCLATER  1857)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  91,  1890 — part,  spec,  n,  Bibalaz,  Chiriqui. 

Range:  Western  Panama  (Bibalaz  and  El  Banco,  Volcan  de 
Chiriqui) . 

taken  by  Wittkugel  on  April  8,  1889,  and  preserved  in  the  Brunswick  Museum,  is 
much  less  rufous  above,  and  more  ochraceous  in  the  middle  of  the  belly  than  three 
skins  from  Coban  and  Chiapas 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

One  male  from  Chiapas  93  85  25 

Two  (unsexed)  adults  from  Coban  91,92  84, 86  24.25 

One  female  from  Honduras  92.5  90  25 

A.  ».  veraepacis  may  be  recognized  from  the  typical  race  by  its  paler  coloring, 
especially  below. 

a  Automolus  rubiginosus  fumosus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN:  Nearest  to  A.  r.  verae- 
pacis, but  crown  and  back  much  darker,  less  tawny;  wings  much  deeper  and  almost 
concolor  with  back;  throat  and  foreneck  paler,  ochraceous  rather  than  tawny  ochra- 
ceous; breast  and  abdomen  olive  brown,  with  a  hardly  perceptible  rufescent  tinge. 
More  like  A.  r.  umbrinus  on  the  under  parts,  but  flanks,  sides  of  head,  and  wings 
much  more  deeply  colored.  Wing  (three  specimens)  87-92;  tail  82-83;  bill  25. 

Besides  the  type,  I  have  examined  male  and  female  secured  by  H.  W.  Watson 
at  El  Banco,  alt.  3,800  ft.  in  March  1903,  in  the  Tring  Museum. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  217 

*Automolus  rubiginosus  rufipectus  Bangs11.    RUFOUS-CHESTED  AUTO- 

MOLUS. 

Automolus  rufipectus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  158,  1898 — Pueblo 
Viejo,  Santa  Marta  Mts.;  idem,  I.e.,  13,  p.  99,  1899 — Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa 
Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  158,  1900  (ex  BANGS);  TODD 
and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  283,  1922 — La  Concepcion,  San 
Antonio,  Cincinnati,  Las  Vegas,  Agua  Dulce,  Pueblo  Viejo,  Chirua,  Heights 
of  Chirua. 

Range:  Northern  Colombia,  Santa  Marta  Mountains,  at  altitudes 
of  from  2,000  to  6,000  ft. 

i:    Colombia  (La  Concepcion  i). 

Automolus    rubiginosus    cinnamomeigula     Hellmayrb.      CINNAMON- 
THROATED  AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  cinnamomeigula  HELLMAVR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  15,  p.  55,  1905 — 
Bogota;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  411,  1917 — La  Murelia, 
Caqueta  region. 

Range:  Amazonian  slope  of  East  Colombian  Andes  ("Bogota"; 
La  Murelia,  Caqueta  region). 

Automolus  rubiginosus  watkinsi  Hellmayr.    WATKINS'S  AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  watkinsi  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  n,  No.  i,  p.  160,  1912 — 
Yahuarmayo,  Carabaya,  Peru;  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  74, 
1920 — Yahuarmayo,  San  Gaban,  Chaquimayo,  Peru. 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru,  in  Dept.  Puno  (Amazonian  slope  of 
Sierra  de  Carabaya). 

'•Automolus  rubiginosus  rufipectus  BANGS:  This  race,  instead  of  resembling  its 
geographical  neighbor  A .  r.fumosus,  is  much  more  nearly  related  to  A .  r.  guerrerensis, 
with  which  it  agrees  in  coloration  of  under  parts  and  in  having  the  crown  and  hind- 
neck  raw  umber  brown  like  the  back,  but  differs  at  a  glance  by  its  much  darker 
chestnut  rufous  tail.  Wing  (male)  87 ;  tail  85 ;  bill  24. 

b Automolus  rubiginosus  cinnamomeigula  HELLMAYR:  Nearest  to  A.  obscurus, 
but  larger;  throat  and  chest  decidedly  deeper  cinnamon  rufous,  lower  breast  and 
abdomen  much  more  ochraceous,  under  tail-coverts  cinnamon  rufous  instead  of 
olive  brown;  pileum  mummy  brown,  not  tinged  with  russet;  back  slightly  darker; 
upper  wing-coverts  much  more  tinged  with  cinnamon  rufous,  etc.  In  size  and  gen- 
eral coloration  more  nearly  agreeing  with  A .  rubiginosus  rufipectus,  but  among  other 
features  immediately  recognizable  by  the  dark  olive  brown  instead  of  chestnut  rufous 
auriculars.  Wing  85;  tail  76;  bill  25. 

This  form  as  well  as  the  two  succeeding  ones  are  merely  races  of  the  rubiginosus 
group. 

•  Automolus  rubiginosus  watkinsi  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  A.  r.  cinnamomeigula 
in  size  and  dark  brown  auriculars;  but  forehead  only  mummy  brown,  rest  of  pileum, 
hindneck  and  sides  of  neck  chestnut  brown;  chin  and  middle  of  upper  throat  ochra- 
ceous, conspicuously  paler  than  the  cinnamon  or  chestnut  rufous  lower  throat  and 
malar  region;  under  parts  dingy  earthy  brown,  without  any  rufous  on  flanks,  etc. 
Wing  (three  specimens)  87-90;  tail  78-82;  bill  22-24. 


218  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Automolus  rubiginosus  obscurus  (Pelzelri)*.   DUSKY  AUTOMOLUS. 

Anabates  obscurus  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  no  (footnote),  1859 — Cayenne  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Automolus  obscurus  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  145,  1908 — Ipousin,  Rio 
Approuague,  French  Guiana  (crit.,  spec,  examined). 

Range:  French  Guiana  (Cayenne;  Rio  Approuague;  Pied  Saut. 
Oyapock;  Tamanoir,  Mana  River). 

Automolus  nigricauda  nigricauda  Hartertb.    BLACK-TAILED  AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  nigricauda  HARTERT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  7,  p.  30,  1898 — Cachavi, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (type  examined);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  491, 
1898 — Cachavi;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  616,  1902 — Paramba,  Rio  Sapayo,  Ecuador: 
HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1150 — N6vita,  Colombia. 

Range:  Northwestern  Ecuador,  in  Province  of  Esmeraldas  (Cach- 
avi, Rio  Sapayo,  Paramba),  and  western  Colombia  (Novita,  Rio  San 
Juan). 

Automolus  nigricauda  saturates  Chapman0.    NORTHERN  BLACK-TAILED 
AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  nigricauda  saturatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.f  34,  p.  644, 
1915 — Alto  Bonito,  Rio  Sucio,  Colombia  (type),  Tacarcuna,  Panama;  idem, 
l.c.,  36,  p.  410,  1917 — Alto  Bonito. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  northwestern  Colombia  (Rio  Sucio),  and 
eastern  Panama  (Tacarcuna). 

8  Automolus  rubiginosus  obscurus  (PELZELN):  Differs  from  A.  r.  cinnamomeigula 
and  A.  r.  watkinsi  in  much  smaller  size,  slenderer  bill,  and  much  weaker  feet.  In 
coloration,  it  is  nearer  to  A.  rubiginosus  fumosus,  but  lacks  the  chestnut  brown  on 
the  crown,  while  the  sides  of  the  throat  and  malar  region  are  much  deeper  rufous, 
the  axillars  and  under  wing-coverts  much  darker,  etc.  Wing  (two  males)  83,  (two 
females)  77,  80;  tail  72-75;  bill  20-22.  Five  specimens  examined. 

b  Automolus  nigricauda  nigricauda  HARTERT:  Nearest  to  A.  rubiginosus  fumosus , 
but  immediately  recognizable  by  dull  black  (instead  of  rufous  chestnut)  tail,  dark 
olive  sepia  wings  and  upper  tail-coverts,  darker  rufous  throat  (about  the  same  shade 
as  in  A.  obscurus),  and  pale  brownish  or  grayish  olive  under  parts,  without  any 
rufous  on  crissum.  Wing  (three  males)  84-87;  tail  71-74;  bill  23-25.5. 

This  is  probably  also  a  race  of  the  A.  rubiginosus  group. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Cachavi  i,  Paramba  i,  Rio  Sapayo  i;  N6vita, 
Colombia  i. 

"Automolus  nigricauda  saturatus  CHAPMAN:  "Similar  to  A.  n.  nigricauda,  but 
very  much  darker;  the  back  deep  blackish  bay  instead  of  between  raw  umber  and 
mummy  brown,  the  crown  and  nape  only  slightly  darker  than  the  back,  with  more 
of  a  claret  brown  tinge,  which  is  clearer  on  the  sides  of  the  head;  wings  externally 
of  the  same  color  as  the  back,  tail  black ;  breast  somewhat  deeper  than  in  nigricauda, 
the  rest  of  the  under  parts  darker  brown,  less  olivaceous,  the  sides  and  particularly 
flanks  much  darker,  nearly  the  color  of  the  back."  (CHAPMAN,  l.c.). 

We  have  not  seen  this  obviously  well  differentiated  form. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  219 

Automolus  melanopezus  (SclaterY.    BROWN-RUMPED  AUTOMOLUS. 

Anabates  melanopezus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  61,  1858 — Rio  Napo,  Ecua- 
dor. 

Automolus  melanopezus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  93,  1890 — Rio  Napo, 
Sarayacu,  Ecuador. 

Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu). 

Automolus  roraimae  Hellmayrb.    WHITE-THROATED  AUTOMOLUS. 

Philydor  albigularis  (not  of  SPIX  1824)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis  (5)  2,  p.  450, 
1884 — Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  420 — Roraima. 

Automolus  albigularis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  13,  p.  93,  1890 — Roraima; 
CHUBB,  Birds,  Brit.  Gui.,  2,  p.  104,  1921 — Roraima. 

Automolus  roraimae  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  No.  2,  p.  199,  Sept. 
1917 — new  name  for  Philydor  albigularis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  preoccupied 
(crit.). 

Range:    Roraima  Mts.,  British  Guiana. 
*Automolus     ochrolaemus     ochrolaemus     (Tschudi).         OCHREOUS- 

THROATED  AUTOMOLUS. 

Anabates  ochrolaemus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  295,  1844 — Peru; 
idem,- Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  240,  pi.  20,  fig.  2,  1846 — forest  region  of  Peru, 
between  10°  and  12°  s.  lat.  (type  in  Neuchatel  Museum  examined);  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  86 — part,  Huallaga,  Ucayali  (crit.). 

Philydor  turdinus  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866, 
p.  184 — Upper  Ucayali. 

Philydor  ochrolaemus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  269 — Upper 
Ucayali. 

Automolus  ochrolaemus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  158,  1862 — eastern 
Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  527 — Amable  Maria;  idem,  Orn. 

8  Automolus  melanopezus  (SCLATER)  :  Nearly  allied  to  A.  o.  ochrolaemus,  but  with- 
out trace  of  ochraceous  superciliaries ;  auriculars  plain  prouts  brown,  not  streaked 
with  ochraceous;  throat  paler  ochraceous  (about  intermediate  in  tone  between 
ochrolaemus  and  turdinus);  middle  of  breast  and  abdomen  largely  buff;  upper  parts 
more  rufescent,  upper  tail-coverts  hardly  different  from  back  (not  bright  chestnut 
rufous  like  tail) ;  tail  lighter;  bill  shorter  and  stouter.  Wing  (one  unsexed  adult)  85; 
tail  81;  bill  20. 

The  only  specimen  I  have  seen  (American  Museum  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  43205,  Rio 
Napo,  Moore.  Coll.  Lawrence)  differs  from  Sclater's  description  in  the  under  parts 
being  buff,  tinged  with  rufescent  brown  along  the  sides,  and  passing  into  ochraceous 
on  the  throat,  and  by  no  means  "pale  ashy  brown,  paler  on  the  throat  and  middle  of 
the  belly."  Its  relations  to  the  ochrolaemus  group  require  further  elucidation. 

b  Automolus  roraimae  HELLMAYR:  In  general  coloration  not  unlike  A.  ochrolae- 
mus exsertus,  but  back  and  wings  much  more  rufous  brown;  under  parts  darker  and 
more  brownish;  auriculars  plain  blackish  brown;  narrow,  but  sharply  denned  super- 
ciliaries white;  bill  much  weaker  and  slenderer,  with  terminal  portion  more  com- 
pressed; wing  shorter.  Wing  (three  specimens)  82-84;  tail  74-79;  bill  19-21. 


220  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

P£r.,  2,  p.  150,  1884, — part,  Amable  Maria,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  92,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  Peru,  c,  Upper  Ucayali  (certe)*; 
BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  13,  1905  (crit.,  note  on  type). 

Automolus  ochrolaemus  ochrolaemus  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 
p.  74,  1920 — San  Gaban,  Chaquimayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Peru. 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  Peru,  south  of  the  Marafion,  in  depts.  of 
Loreto  (Moyobamba,  Rio  Huallaga,  upper  Ucayali),  Junin  (Amable 
Maria),  and  northern  Puno  (San  Gaban,  Chaquimayo,  north  slope  of 
Sierra  de  Carabaya),  and  northern  Bolivia  (Rio  San  Mateo)b. 

i:    Peru  (Moyobamba  i). 

Automolus  ochrolaemus  turdinus  (Pelzeln)0.    PELZELN'S  AUTOMOLUS. 

Anabates  turdinus  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  no,  131,  1859 — Borba  (Rio  Madeira),  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =Manaos]; 
we  herewith  designate  Manaosd  as  type  locality  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  41,  1868 — Barra,  Borba. 

Anabates  ochrolaemus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  86— 
part,  spec,  ex  NATTERER. 

Philydor  turdinus  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  P-  420 — Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana  (spec, 
examined). 

Automolus  turdinus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  93,  1890 — Barra,  Bartica 
Grove;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  61,  1902 — Munduapo, 
Rio  Orinoco  (spec,  examined);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  178, 
1904 — Kourou,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  GOELDI,  8,  p.  327, 
1914 — Boim,  Villa  Braga  (Rio  Tapaj6z),  Obidos,  Faro  (Rio  Jamunda); 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  263,  1916 — Munduapo. 

Automolus  ochralaemus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  150, 
1884 — part,  Oyapock,  French  Guiana. 

Automolus  ochrolaemus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  92,  1890 — part,  spec, 
d,  Bogota;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  327,  1914 — Rio  Punis. 

a  Specimen  b  (Sarayacu)  probably  belongs  to  some  other  form,  either  turdinus 
or  melanopezus.  We  have  no  material  from  eastern  Ecuador. 

b  Tschudi's  type  is  precisely  similar  to  specimens  from  the  Huallaga  River,  with 
which  a  series  from  Carabaya  also  agrees. 

Six  examples  from  northern  Bolivia  (Rio  San  Mateo)  are  more  olivaceous,  less 
russet  above,  and  slightly  paler  underneath,  while  the  rump  is  of  a  lighter  rufous. 
They  appear  to  form  the  transition  to  A.  o.  turdinus  and  may  be  separable  sub- 
specifically. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  type  i,  Huallaga  2,  Moyobamba  i,  Carabaya  (San 
Gaban,  Chaquimayo)  5;  Rio  San  Mateo,  Bolivia  6. 

"Automolus  ochrolaemus  turdinus  (PELZELN):  Differs  from  A.  o.  ochrolaemus  by 
having  the  throat  and  malar  region  buff  (almost  whitish  on  the  chin)  instead  of 
deep  ochraceous,  and  the  remainder  of  the  lower  parts  less  tinged  with  ochreous. 

d  Natterer  obtained  two  males  and  two  females,  all  in  good  plumage,  at  Barra, 
and  a  single  male,  in  very  worn  condition,  at  Borba,  Rio  Madeira. 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  221 

Automolus  ochrolaemus  turdinus  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53, 
p.  14,  1905 — Bogotd  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  365,  1907 — Borba; 
idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  321,  1910 — Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn., 
56,  p.  13,  1908 — Cachoeira,  Rio  Puriis;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 
36,  p.  409,  1917 — Buena vista,  Villa vicencio,  Colombia;  BANGS  and  PEN- 
ARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  66,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Sur- 
inam. 

Automolus  turdinus  macconnelli  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  60,  1919 — 
Ituribisi  River,  Brit.  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  103, 1921  (numer- 
ous localities  in  British  Guiana). 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco);  eastern  Colombia  (Buenavista,  Villavi- 
cencio);  northern  Brazil  (Manaos,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda;  Rio  Tapa- 
j6z;  Rio  Madeira;  Rio  Purus)a. 

*Automolus   ochrolaemus   pallidigularis    Lawrence.     PALE-THROATED 

AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  pallidigularis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  465, 
1862 — Panama  Railroad;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  354 
— Lion  Hill,  Panama;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  522 — Remedies,  Colombia;  SCLATER 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  94,  1890 — part,  spec,  e-k,  Panama,  Remedies  (Col- 
ombia), Balzar,  Santa  Rita  (Ecuador);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  159,  1891 — part,  Panama  (Lion  Hill),  Colombia,  Ecua- 
dor; BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  26,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon,  Pan- 
ama; SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  22, 
1899 — Rio  Peripa,  Ecuador. 

Automolus  pallidigularis  albidior  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  8,  p.  369,  1901 — San 
Javier  and  Carondelet,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador. 

Anabates  ochrolaemus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y., 
7,  p.  319,  1862 — Panama  Railroad. 

Anabates  cervinigularis  (not  of  SCLATER)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y., 
7,  p.  295,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama. 

Automolus  pallidigularis  pallidigularis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  p.  220,  1911 — Panama  (Panama,  Lion  Hill),  Colombia  (Remedies), 
Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  410,  1917 — Puerto  Val- 
divia  (Cauca),  Malena,  Honda  (Magdalena  valley),  Tacarcuna  (Panama); 
STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  p.  262,  1918 — Gatun,  Panama;  BANGS 

B  Birds  from  British  Guiana  (macconnelli  CHUBB)  are  absolutely  indistinguish- 
able from  the  four  cotypes  secured  by  J.  Natterer  at  Mandos.  Two  specimens  from 
Munduapo,  and  three  "Bogotd"  skins  average  slightly  paler  both  above  and  below, 
the  coloring  of  the  throat  being,  however,  exactly  the  same  as  in  the  type  series. 
Birds  from  south  of  the  Amazon  (Villa  Braga,  Borba,  Calama,  Rio  Puriis)  are  still 
more  olivaceous  above  and  more  buffy  beneath,  suggesting  an  approach  to  the 
western  ochrolaemus. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:  Bartica  Grove  4,  Demerara  i.  French 
Guiana  8;  Munduapo,  R.  Orinoco  2;  Mandos  4,  Borba  2,  Calama  i,  Villa  Braga,  Rio 
Tapaj6z  8,  Rio  Puriis  10;  "Bogotd"  3. 


222  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  211,  1922 — Mt.  Sapo,  Rio 
Esnape,  Darien. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Lion  Hill,  Tacarcuna,  Mt.  Sapo,  Rio 
Esnape),  Colombia  (lower  Cauca,  and  Magdalena  Valley),  and  western 
Ecuador  (Prov.  Esmeraldas;  Rio  Peripa,  Balzar,  Santa  Rita)a. 

4:  Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  (San  Javier  i,  Carondelet  i, 
Pambilar  2). 

*Automolus  ochrolaemus  exsertus  Bangs.    CHIRIQUI  AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  exsertus  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  p.  367,  1901 — Divala,  Chiriqui  (type  exam- 
ined); idem,  I.e.,  24,  p.  299,  1907 — Boruca,  Lagarto,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande, 
s.w.  Costa  Rica. 

Automolus  pallidigularis  (not  of  LAWRENCE  1862)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat. 
Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  106,  1868 — part,  Guaitil,  Cartago;  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1870,  p.  192 — Boquete  de  Chitra,  Bugaba;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  94,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Costa  Rica,  Bugaba,  Chiriqui,  Boquete  de  Chitra; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  159,  1891 — part,  Guai- 
til (Costa  Rica),  Bugaba,  Boquete  de  Chitra,  Calobre  (Panama);  CHERRIE, 
Expl.  Zool.  merid.  Costa  Rica,  p.  38,  1893 — Boruca,  Terraba,  Buenos  Aires; 
idem,  Anal.  Inst.  Fis.-Geog.  Costa  Rica,  6,  p.  16,  1893 — Pozo  del  Pital, 
Costa  Rica  (crit.). 

Automolus  pallidigularis  exsertus  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  641, 
1910 — s.w.  Costa  Rica  (crit.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  221,  1911 — Pacific  slope  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.). 

Range:  Pacific  slope  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiri- 
qui; Veragua)b. 

7:  Costa  Rica  (Cabagre  i,  Terraba  i,  Boruca  i,  Pozo  del  Rio 
Grande  i);  Panama  (Bogava,  Chiriqui  2,  El  Banco,  Chiriqui  i). 

•  With  six  specimens  from  Panama  (Lion  Hill  2,  Darien  4)  and  six  from  north- 
western Ecuador  (albidior)  before  me,  I  consider  it  impossible  to  maintain  the  latter 
race.  Two  topotypes  from  Lion  Hill  and  one  from  Darien  (Esnape)  have  the  throat 
a  faint  shade  more  buffy,  but  three  others  from  the  latter  locality  are  just  as  white 
throated  as  the  Ecuadorian  birds.  Albidior  possibly  averages  slightly  darker  under- 
neath, but  this  divergency  requires  confirmation  by  a  more  satisfactory  series,  since 
the  Esmeraldas  specimens  are  exactly  matched  by  some  of  the  Darien  birds  which 
show  remarkable  variation  in  coloration  of  lower  parts. 

b  It  will  be  remembered  that  SALVIN  and  GODMAN  (Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves, 
2,  p.  158,  159)  record  both  A.  cervinigularis  and  A.  "pallidigularis"  from  the  Verag- 
uas.  Although  no  specimens  are  available  I  have  little  doubt  that  all  the  birds  of 
that  region  will  ultimately  prove  to  belong  to  A.  o.  exsertus.  One  of  our  Bogava 
skins,  by  reason  of  its  distinct  postocular  stripe  and  decidedly  rufous  under  tail- 
coverts,  closely  approaches  the  eastern  hypophaeus,  and  it  is  probable  that  similar 
examples  (which  obviously  represent  only  the  extreme  of  individual  variation)  have 
given  rise  to  the  reported  occurrence  of  '  'cervinigularis"  in  the  Veraguas. 

Material  examined. — Panama,  Chiriqui:  Divala  2,  El  Banco  i,  Bogava  2. 
Costa  Rica:  Boruca  8,  Pozo  Azul  2,  El  General  i,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande  i,  Terraba  i, 
Cabagre  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  223 

*Automolus    ochrolaemus    hypophaeus    Ridgway.      DARK-BREASTED 

AUTOMOLUS. 

Automolus  cervinigularis  hypophaeus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  72, 
1909 — Rio  Reventaz6n  at  Guayabo  Station,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  640,  1910 — Caribbean  lowlands  of  Costa  Rica  (habits, 
nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  270, 
1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  219,  1911 — Caribbean  slope  of  Costa  Rica  (monog.). 

Automolus  cervinigularis  (not  of  SCLATER  1857)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  96,  1890 — part,  spec,  i-k,  Tucurriqui,  La  Balsa,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and 
GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  158,  1891 — part,  Costa  Rica. 

Range :    Caribbean  slope  of  Costa  Ricaa. 
2:    Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  i,  Tuis  i). 

*Automolus   ochrolaemus    cervinigularis    (Sclater).     BUFF-THROATED 
AUTOMOLUS. 

Anabates  cervinigularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  "1856",  p.  288,  Jan.  1857 — 
Cordoba,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1860,  p.  35 — Coban, 
Guatemala. 

Automolus  cervinigularis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  91,  1890 — part, 
spec,  a-h,  Cordoba,  city  of  Mexico,  Rio  de  la  Pasion  and  Choctum,  Guate- 
mala; SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  158,  1891 — 
part,  Mexico  and  Guatemala;  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  39,  p.  150, 
1903 — Yaruca,  Honduras. 

Automolus  pallidigularis  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  NUTTING,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
6,  p.  404,  1884 — Los  Sabalos,  Nicaragua;  RIDGWAY,  I.e.,  14,  p.  471,  1891 — 
Santa  Ana,  Honduras;  RICHMOND,  I.e.,  16,  p.  497,  1893 — Rio  Escondido, 
Nicaragua  (habits). 

Automolus  cervinigularis  cervinigularis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  p.  217,  1911 — southeastern  Mexico  to  Nicaragua  (monog.). 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico  (?), 
Oaxaca,  and  Tabasco),  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Honduras,  and 
eastern  Nicaragua. 

6:    Guatemala  (unspecified  5) ;  Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del  Norte  i). 

Automolus   rufipileatusb  rufipileatus    (Pelzeln).    CHESTNUT-CROWNED 

AUTOMOLUS. 
Anabates  rufipileatus  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 

."Six  specimens  from  eastern  Costa  Rica  (Carrillo,  La  Vijagua,  Talamanca, 
Guayabo,  Tuis)  examined. 

blf  the  genera  Philydor  and  Automolus  are  separated,  P.  rufipileatus  must  go 
with  the  latter,  since  it  agrees  with  the  genotype  (A.  leucophthalmus)  in  the  length- 
ened crown  feathers,  although  in  shape  of  bill  it  is  intermediate. 


224  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

34,  p.  109,  131,  1859 — Pard  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  idem,  Orn. 
Bras.,  i,  p.  41,  1868 — Para. 

Philydor  rufipileatus  rufipileatus  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53, 
p.  220,  1903 — Para  (diag.);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  K3.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
26,  No.  2,  p.  91,  1912 — Para. 

Philydor  rufipileatus  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  14,  1908 — Bom  Lugar,  Rio 
Punis  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  329,  1914 — Baiao 
(Rio  Tocantins),  Bom  Lugar  (Rio  Punis). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Para  to  the 
Purtis  River*. 

*Automolus  rufipileatus  consobrinus  (Sclater)b.    NORTHERN  CHESTNUT- 
CROWNED  AUTOMOLUS. 

Philydor  consobrinus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  328 — Bogota  (type  exam- 
ined); idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  98,  pi.  9,  1890 — Bogota. 

Philydor  consobrinus  rufipileatus  (not  of  PELZELN)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  61,  1902 — Suapure,  La  Pricion,  Caura  River,  Venezuela 
(spec,  examined). 

Philydor  rufipileatus  consobrinus  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53, 
p.  220,  1903 — Bogota,  Caura  (diag.);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m. 
Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  90,  1906 — Bogota;  Pebas,  Peru  (crit.);  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  264,  1916 — Caura  River;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  411,  1917 — Villavicencio,  Colombia. 

Philydor  rufipileatus  maynanus  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53, 
p.  220,  1903 — Maynas,  Peru. 

Automolus  pattidigularis  (errore)  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  61 — Coca,  Rio 
Napo  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  British  Guiana  (Takutu  River);  Venezuela  (Suapure  and 
Nicare,  Caura  Valley);  eastern  Colombia  (Villavicencio,  "Bogota"); 
eastern  Ecuador  (Coca,  Rio  Napo);  northern  Peru  (Maynas,  Pebas, 
Moyobamba). 

i:    Peru  (Moyobamba  i). 

•  An  adult  female  from  Bom  Lugar  (Rio  Punis)  is  evidently  inseparable  from  the 
type  with  which  it  was  compared,  and  much  less  brownish  below  than  a  series  of 
Bogota  skins.  Six  specimens  from  the  Tapajoz  are  in  the  Carnegie  Museum, 
Pittsburgh. 

b Automolus  rufipileatus  consobrinus  (SCLATER):  Differs  from  A.  r.  rufipileatus 
merely  by  much  darker,  more  brownish  under  parts,  only  the  throat  being  buff. 
Wing  84-91;  tail  75-86;  bill  21-22. 

I  cannot  detect  any  constant  difference  between  specimens  from  Bogota  (conso- 
brinus), Peru  (maynanus),  Venezuela,  and  British  Guiana,  although  from  the  two 
last  named  countries  but  a  few  skins  have  been  available. 

Material. — British  Guiana,  Rio  Takutu  i;  Venezuela,  Suapure  i,  La  Pricion  i; 
"Bogota"  6;  Coca,  Rio  Napo  i;  Peru,  Maynas  i,  Pebas  2,  Moyobamba  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  225 

Automolus  ruficollis  (Taczanowski}*.    RUFOUS-NECKED  AUTOMOLUS. 

Anabazenops  ruficollis  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  160,  1884 — Paucal  =  Nancho, 
Peru  (one  of  the  types  examined). 

Automolus  celicae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  18,  p.  10,  1921 — Celica,  Prov. 
Loja,  Ecuador  (type  examined). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  southern  Ecuador  (Celica,  Alamor, 
Guachumana,  Prov.  Loja)  and  northwestern  Peru  (Paucal  =  Nancho, 
Dept.  Cajamarca). 

*Automolus  rectirostris  (Wied)b.    STRAIGHT-BILLED  AUTOMOLUS. 

Opetiorhynchus  rectirostris  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  679,  1831 — 
Campos  Geraes,  on  the  boundary  line  of  Bahia  and  Minas  Geraes  (type  in 
American  Museum  examined). 

Anabates  concolor  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34, 
p.  103,  126,  1859 — Sangrador,  Matto  Grosso  (types  in  Vienna  Museum  exam- 
ined); idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  39,  1868 — Sangrador. 

Automolus  rubidus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  654 — Brazil  (type  in  British 
Museum  examined);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  91,  pi.  7,  1890 — Brazil. 

*  Automolus  ruficollis  (TACZANOWSKI):  Upper  parts  ochraceous  tawny,  pileum 
somewhat  duller,  more  Brussels  brown;  a  very  pronounced  superciliary  stripe  ochra- 
ceous buff  anteriorly,  deepening  to  ochraceous  orange  in  postocular  portion  and  pass- 
ing into  the  slightly  deeper  ochraceous  orange  of  the  sides  of  the  neck  and  ill  defined 
nuchal  band  whose  feathers  are  faintly  streaked  with  buff;  wing-coverts,  tertials, 
and  outer  webs  of  remaining  remiges  like. the  back,  inner  webs  dusky;  tail  including 
upper  tail-coverts  deep  hazel;  lores  whitish  buff,  tipped  with  blackish,  forming  a  nar- 
row supraloral  streak;  subocular  and  auricular  regions  buff,  streaked  with  dusky; 
throat  ochraceous  buff  or  antimony  yellow,  somewhat  deeper  laterally  and  on  lower 
portion,  suggesting  a  darker  jugular  band;  remainder  of  under  parts  isabella  brown- 
ish, more  tawny  olive  on  flanks,  the  entire  breast  marked  with  distinct  pale  buff 
mesial  streaks,  becoming  evanescent  abdominally;  under  tail-coverts  light  cinna- 
mon rufous;  axillars  and  under  wing-coverts  orange  ochraceous;  quill  lining  bright 
ochraceous  buff;  maxilla  blackish  horn  color,  mandible  pale  yellowish  with  tip  and 
cutting  edge  horn  brown.  Wing  (unsexed,  Paucal)  87.5,  (two  males,  Celica,  Alamor, 
Prov.  Loja)  88,  89;  tail  78-82;  bill  20-22. 

This  well  characterized  species,  in  its  structural  features,  closely  agrees  with 
A .  leucophthalmus,  and  should,  no  doubt,  be  referred  to  A  utomolus.  The  coloration 
is  unlike  any  member  of  this  genus,  and  certain  peculiarities,  such  as  the  ochraceous 
orange  superciliaries  and  sides  of  neck,  remind  of  the  Juvenal  plumage  of  Xenoctistes 
subalaris  and  allies,  while  the  pattern  of  the  under  parts  recalls  Xenicopsoides  mon- 
tanus  temporalis. 

b  A  very  distinct  species,  at  once  recognizable  by  its  large  size,  elongated  bill, 
clay  color  under  parts,  and  rufous  pileum,  wings,  and  tail.  The  young  bird  has  the 
feathers  of  the  pileum  broadly  margined  with  sooty  blackish,  while  malar  region, 
lower  throat,  and  chest  show  narrow  squamate  markings  of  dusky. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

One  adult  male  from  Matto  Grosso  102  25 

Two  adult  females  from  Matto  Grosso                   95.ioi  — ,97  22.5,25 

Two  adult  females  from  Minas  Geraes                   92,98  — ,91  — ,24 

Material  examined. — "Brazil"  2;  Rio  das  Velhas,  Minas  Geraes  3;  Matto  Grosso, 
Sangrador  2,  Miranda  (M.  Bach  coll.,  British  Museum)  i. 


226  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Furnarius  rectirostris  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  392 
— Lagoa  Santa,  and  Fazenda  Lages,  near  S.  Anna  dos  Allegres,  Minas  Geraes. 

Automolus  rectirostris  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  246,  1889  (note  on 
Wied's  type);  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  28,  1905  (crit., 
syn.,  range). 

Range:  Campos  districts  of  eastern  and  central  Brazil,  in  states 
of  Bahia,  Minas  Geraes  (Rio  das  Velhas,  Lagoa  Santa,  Lages,  near  S. 
Anna  dos  Allegres),  and  Matto  Grosso  (Sangrador,  Miranda). 

3:    Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa  3). 

Genus  HYLOCRYPTUS  Chapman". 

Hylocryptus  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  258,  1919 — type  Hylocryptus 
erythrocephalus  CHAPMAN. 

Hylocryptus    erythrocephalus     Chapman*.      TAWNY-HEADED    HYLO- 
CRYPTUS. 

Hylocryptus  erythrocephalus  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  259,  1919 
— Alamor,  Peruvian-Ecuador  boundary. 

Range:  Southwestern  Ecuador,  in  Province  El  Oro  (Alamor, 
Paletilla). 

Genus  CICHLOCOLAPTES  Reichenbach". 

Cichlocolaptes  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scans.,  A,  Sittinae,  p.  174, 
1853 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY,  1855,  p.  28)  Anabates  ferruginolentus  WIED. 

a  Genus  Hylocryptus  CHAPMAN. 

"Most  nearly  related  to  Automolus,  but  with  a  longer,  proportionately  more  slen- 
der bill,  the  gonydeal  angle  barely  evident,  the  maxilla  as  well  as  mandible  termin- 
ally decurved;  the  culmen  from  base  decidedly  longer  than  tarsus,  its  depth  at  gony- 
deal angle  less  instead  of  more  than  three  times  its  length  from  nostril." 

b  Hylocryptus  erythrocephalus  CHAPMAN. 

"Head  all  around,  including  nape,  cheeks,  auriculars,  and  throat  between  San- 
ford's  brown  and  orange  rufous  (throat  more  ochraceous  orange)  clearly  defined, 
especially  on  the  nape  and  sides  of  the  neck,  from  the  Dresden  brown  back  and  pale 
grayish  olive  under  parts;  rump  tinged  with  orange  rufous  passing  into  pure  orange 
rufous  on  the  upper  tail-coverts;  rectrices  slightly  deeper  in  tone  than  head;  wing- 
quills  externally  somewhat  duller  with  a  faint  olivaceous  tinge;  inner  quills  and 
wing-coverts  wholly  orange  rufous;  bend  of  the  wing  and  under  wing-coverts  ochra- 
ceous orange;  flanks  and  ventral  region  washed  with  the  color  of  the  back;  lower 
tail-coverts  ochraceous  orange;  feet  brownish  black;  maxilla  dark  brown,  lighter 
terminally;  mandible  horn  color.  Wing  92 ;  tail  83 ;  tarsus  26 ;  hind  toe  2 1 ;  outer  toe 
19.5;  middle  toe  26.5;  inner  toe  17  (all  with  nail);  culmen  from  base  30;  bill  from 
nostril  22 ;  depth  at  gonydeal  angle  6.5  mm. 

A  not  fully  adult  female  from  Paletilla  agrees  in  size  with  the  type  and  differs  in 
color  only  in  the  presence  of  narrow  blackish  terminal  margins  on  the  feathers  of 
the  occiput  and  under  parts."  (CHAPMAN,  I.e.). 

Certain  structural  characters  and  the  immature  plumage  of  this  bird  which  we 
have  not  seen  suggest  affinities  to  Automolus  rectirostris  (WIED). 

0  The  slender,  elongated  bill,  together  with  the  rather  long  wings  and  several 
other  characters,  appears  to  justify  the  generic  separation  of  this  peculiar  species. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  227 

Cichlocolaptes    leucophrys    (Jardine    and    Selby).        RUSTY-RUMPED 

ClCHLOCOLAPTES. 

Anabates  leucophrys  JARDINE  and  SELBY,  Illust.  Ornith.,  2,  Part  6,  pi.  93,  Aug. 
1830 — "Brazils"  (type  now  in  British  Museum  examined). 

A nabates  ferruginolentus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1166,  1831 — Prov. 
Bahia. 

Anabatoides  ferruginolentus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  25,  1856 — 
Bahia  (ex  WIED). 

Ipoborus  ferruginolentus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  31,  1859 — 
Bahia;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio. 

Automolus  ferruginolentus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  246,  1889 — 
Interior  of  Bahia  (Wied's  types);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  88, 
1890 — "Rio  Grande",  Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  225,  1899 — 
Iguape1,  S.  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo;  idem,  Annuario 
Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  129,  1899 — "Rio  Grande  do  Sul";  idem,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  238,  1907 — Alto  da  Serra,  Sao  Paulo. 

Automolus  leucophrys  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  p.  142,  1915 
— Braco  do  Sul,  near  Victoria,  Espirito  Santo  (crit.,  range). 

Range:  Coast  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia, 
Rio  de  Janeiro  (Rio,  Cantagallo),  and  Sao  Paulo  (Alto  da  Serra,  Sao 
Sebastiao,  Iguape)a. 

Genus  HELIOBLETUS  Reichenbach. 

Heliobletus  REiCHENBACHb,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae,  p.  201,  1853 — type 
by  monotypy  Philydor  superciliosus  REICHENBACH  (not  Dendrocolaptes  super- 
ciliosus  LICHTENSTEIN)  =  Heliobletus  contaminatus  BERLEPSCH. 

Heliobletus  contaminatus  Berlepsch.    FULVOUS-BROWED  SHARP-BILL. 

Heliobletus  contaminatus  (ex  LICHTENSTEIN  MS.)  BERLEPSCH",  Zeits.  ges.  Orn., 
2,  p.  144,  1885 — new  name  for  Heliobletus  superciliosus  BURMEISTER  (not  of 
LICHTENSTEIN),  Syst.  tJbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  32,  1856 — Novo  Friburgo,  Prov. 
Rio  de  Janeiro;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  I.e.,  2,  p.  144,  1885 — Taquara,  R.io 
Grande  do  Sul;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Novo  Friburgo; 
idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  129,  1899 — Taquara  do  Mundo 
Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  241,  1907 — Osasco, 
Bauni,  Rio  Frio,  Itarare,  Alto  da  Serra,  Campos  do  Jordao,  Sao  Paulo; 

&  Material  examined. — Brazil  (type  otA.  leucophrys)  i,  Bahia  i,  Rio  de  Janeiro  i, 
Brago  do  Sul,  Espirito  Santo  i,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Sao  Paulo  2. 

b  Although  Reichenbach  misidentified  the  genotype  with  Dendrocolaptes  super- 
ciliosus LICHTENSTEIN  (—Dendrocopus  pyrrhophius  VIEILLOT),  belonging  to  quite  a 
different  genus,  the  generic  characters  are  clearly  taken  from  the  present  species. 

0  Berlepsch's  name  contaminatus,  though  not  accompanied  by  any  description, 
becomes  valid  by  his  reference  to  Burmeister  where  an  excellent  account  of  the 
species  is  given. 


228  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  479,  497,  1912 — Vera 
Guarany,  Parana;  BERTONI,  El  Hornero,  x,  p.  256,  1919 — Puerto  Bertoni, 
Paraguay. 

Anabates  contaminatus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Mus.  Berol.,  p.  64,  1854 
(nom.  nud.);  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34, 
p.  129,  1859  (nom  nud.) — Ypanema,  Itarard,  Curytiba  (soft  parts);  idem,. 
Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  40,  1868 — Ypanema,  Itarare  (Sao  Paulo),  Curytiba  (Par- 
ana) (spec,  examined). 

Heliobletus  superciliosus  (not  Dendrocolaptes  superciliosus  LICHTENSTEIN)  REICH- 
ENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae,  p.  200,  pi.  546,  fig.  3720-21,  1853; 
BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tJbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  32,  1856 — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  104,  1890 — Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  3,  p.  226,  1899 — Ypiranga;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  265,  1919 — 
Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Sao 
Paulo,  Parana,  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  and  adjacent  portions  of  Para- 
guay (Puerto  Bertoni),  and  Argentina  (Misiones). 

Genus  THRIPADECTES  Sclater. 

Ttiripadectes  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  157,  1862 — type  by  monotypy 

Anabates  flammulatus  EYTON. 
Rhopoctites  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  72,  1909 — type  Philydor 

rufobrunneus  LAWRENCE. 

*Thripadectes  flammulatus  flammulatus  (Eytori).  FLAMMULATED 
TREE-HUNTER. 

Anabates  flammulatus  EYRON,  Contrib.  Orn.,  1849,  p.  131 — "New  Granada"  = 
Bogota;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  141,  1855 — Bogota. 

Thripadectes  flammulatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  157,  1862 — 
Bogota;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  521 — Frontino,  Antio- 
quia  (egg  descr.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  102,  1890 — part,  spec, 
b-h,  Bogota,  Frontino,  Colombia;  eastern  Cordillera  of  Quito,  Ecuador; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  158,  1900 — El  Libano,  Santa  Marta 
Mts.;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  6 1 — Gualea,  Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  412,  1917 — Laguneta,  central  Andes;  LONNBERG 
and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  70,  1922 — road  to  Mindo,  road  to 
Nanegal,  Ecuador;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  282, 
1922 — Heights  of  Chirua,  Santa  Marta  Mts. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  (Bogota,  Par- 
amo de  Tama,  Laguneta,  Frontino;  Heights  of  Chirua,  El  Libano, 
Santa  Marta  Mts.),  and  Ecuador*. 

2:    Colombia  (Bogota  i,  Paramo  de  Tama  i). 

"  Two  specimens  from  Ecuador  (Quito  "make")  appear  to  agree  with  five  Bogota 
skins.  The  Paramo  de  Tama  bird  and  a  male  from  Chirua  are  likewise  typical,  show- 
ing no  approach  to  T.  f.  bricenoi. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  229 

Thripadectes  flammulatus    bricenoi    Berlepsch*,      BRICENO'S    TREE- 
HUNTER. 

Thripadectes  bricenoi  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  364,  Feb.  1907 — Culata,  Andes  of 
Merida,  Venezuela  (type  examined). 

Thripadectes  flammulatus  (not  of  EYTON)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  102, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a,  "Merida"  =Culata. 

Range:    Western  Venezuela,  Andes  of  Merida  (Culata). 
Thripadectes  scrutator  Taczanowskib.    TACZANOWSKI'S  TREE-HUNTER. 

Thripadectes  scrutator  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  137 — Maraynioc, 
Dept.  Junin;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  527 — Maraynioc;  idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  146,  1884 
— Maraynioc;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  103, 1890  (ex  TACZANOWSKI); 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  85,  1921 — Lucma,  Urubamba  region. 

Range:  Central  Peru,  in  depts.  Junin  (Maraynioc)  and  Cuzco 
(Lucma,  Rio  Vilcabamba) . 

Thripadectes  virgaticeps  virgaticeps  Lawrence.    TREE-HUNTER. 

Thripadectes  virgaticeps  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  10,  p.  398,  1874 — 
Ecuador  (the  type,  a  "Quito"  trade  skin  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  103,  1890  (ex  LAWRENCE). 

Automolus  brooki  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  36,  p.  47,  1916 — Gualea,  Ecuador 
(type  examined). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador  (Gualea,  "Quito"). 
Thripadectes  virgaticeps  sclateri  Berlepsch.0  SCLATER 's  TREE-HUNTER. 

Thripadectes  sclateri  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  365,  Feb.  1907 — San  Pablo,  Prov. 

*  Thripadectes  flammulatus  bricenoi  BERLEPSCH:  Differs  from  T.  f.  flammulatus 
in  having  the  throat  almost  uniform  deep  buff,  instead  of  heavily  striped  with  black; 
the  under  parts  margined  with  olive  brown  rather  than  black,  producing  a  lighter 
appearance,  especially  on  the  lower  breast  and  abdomen;  the  under  tail-coverts 
ochraceous  rather  than  rufous,  though  similarly  marked ;  the  lighter  ochraceous  shaft 
streaks  on  the  upper  wing-coverts  much  broader  and  more  conspicuously  edged  with 
blackish.  Wing  (two  males)  95,  96;  tail  113,  119;  bill  25,26.  Two  specimens,  in- 
cluding the  type,  from  Culata  examined. 

b  Thripadectes  scrutator  TACZANOWSKI:  Agreeing  in  structure  with  T,  flammula- 
tus, but  in  coloration  more  like  T.  virgaticeps,  from  which  it  chiefly  differs  by  having 
the  under  parts  pale  olive  brown,  obsoletely  spotted  with  buff  in  the  middle,  instead 
of  uniform  deep  tawny  ochraceous;  throat  and  foreneck  much  paler  (buff  instead  of 
ochraceous)  and  conspicuously  edged  with  sooty  blackish;  the  pileum,  nape,  and 
sides  of  neck  marked  with  indistinct  pale  olive  central  spots;  the  rufous  of  the  rump 
restricted  to  the  upper  tail-coverts.  Besides,  the  bill  is  much  shorter,  the  tail,  on  the 
other  hand,  much  longer.  Wing  99;  tail  u  i ;  bill  24. 

One  adult  female  from  Lucma,  Urubamba  region  examined. 

0  Thripadectes  virgaticeps  sclateri  BERLEPSCH:  Differs  from  T.  v.  virgaticeps  by 
much  shorter  as  well  as  slenderer  bill,  duller  (more  olive  and  less  rufous  brown) 


230  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Tuqueres,  s.w.  Colombia  (type  examined);  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911, 
p.  1149  (crit.). 

Rhopoctites  alogus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  23,  p.  72,  1910 — Pavas,  w.  Col- 
ombia (type  examined). 

Thripadectes  virgaticeps  sclateri  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  412, 
1917 — San  Antonio,  Salencio,  Ricuarte,  w.  Colombia  (crit.). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  the  Western  Andes  of  Colombia,  in 
provinces  of  Cauca,  Valle,  and  Tuqueres. 

Thripadectes  virgaticeps  klagesi  ( Hellmayr  and  Seilern) a.    VENEZUELAN 
TREE-HUNTER. 

Automolus  klagesi  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  n,  No.  i, 
p.  157,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo;  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  99,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia. 

Range:  Mountain  ranges  of  northwestern  Venezuela  (Cumbre  de 
Valencia,  Carabobo;  Anzoategui,  Lara). 

"Thripadectes  rufobrunneus  (Lawrence}.    STREAKED  TREE-HUNTER. 

Philydor  rufobrunneus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  127,  1867 — 
San  Jose",  Costa  Rica;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  106,  1868 — San  Jose,  Barranca;  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  u,  "1888",  p.  565,  Sept.  1889  (crit.). 

Automolus  rufobrunneus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  89,  1890  —  Irazu, 
Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  154,  pi.  46, 
fig.  2,  1891 — Costa  Rica;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  44,  1902 — 
Boquete,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui. 

upper  parts  with  the  rufous  of  the  rump  less  extensive,  and  decidedly  paler,  ochra- 
ceous  rather  than  tawny  ochraceous  breast  and  abdomen. 

The  smaller  bill  is  very  striking  in  birds  from  Valle  (Bitaco,  Pavas,  La  Cumbre) 
when  compared  with  two  "Quito"  skins,  but  the  type  of  T.  sclateri,  from  San  Pablo, 
Prov.  Tuqueres  is  intermediate. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

T.  v.  virgaticeps 

Two  adults  from  "Quito"  97,102  94,96  28,30 

T.  v.  sclateri 

One  female  from  San  Pablo  (type)  99  95  27 

One  male  from  Pavas,  Valle  (type  of  R.  alogus)  95.5  92  25.5 

One  male  from  Bitaco,  Valle  99  91  25 

One  female  from  Bitaco,  Valle  97  96  24 

One  female  from  La  Cumbre,  Valle  94  96  23 

•  Thripadectes  virgaticeps  klagesi  (HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN)  :  Similar  to  T.  v.  scla- 
teri, but  wing  shorter;  pileum  more  grayish  (less  olive)  with  the  whitish  shaft  streaks 
more  conspicuous;  back  slightly  paler;  rufous  of  rump  and  tail  lighter;  superciliaries 
more  pronounced;  throat  more  heavily  marked  with  blackish.  Wing  89-92;  tail  96- 
100;  bill  24. 

Recent  study  leads  me  to  the  conclusion  that  A.  klagesi  is  merely  a  slightly  dif- 
ferentiated geographical  race  of  T.  virgaticeps. 

Material  examined. — Cumbre  de  Valencia  6,  Anzoategui,  Lara  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS— COR Y-HELLMAYR.  231 

Rhopoctites  rufobrunneus  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  638,  1910 — Costa 
Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  223,  1911 — Costa  Rica 
and  western  Panama  (monog.). 

Range:  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Boquete,  Volcan  de 
Chiriqui) . 

2:    Costa  Rica  (Volcan  de  Irazu  i,  La  Estrella  de  Cartago  i). 

Thripadectes  ignobilis  (Sclater  and  Salvin)*.    CHESTNUT-RUMPED  TREE- 
HUNTER. 

Automolus  ignobilis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  522 — Frontino, 
Antioquia;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  300 — Cayandeled, 
Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  89,  1890 — 
Frontino;  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  22, 
1899 — Gualea,  Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  409, 
1917 — Cocal,  Cerro  Munchique,  Colombia. 

Range:  Western  Andes  of  Colombia  (Frontino,  Cocal,  Cerro 
Munchique)  and  Ecuador  (Cayandeled,  Gualea) b. 

Thripadectes     melanorhynchus     (Tschiidi).       BLACK-BILLED     TREE- 
HUNTER. 

Anabates  melanorhynchus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  295,  1844 — Peru 
(type  in  Neuchatel  Museum  examined);  idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  241, 
fig.  i,  1846 — forest  region  of  Peru  between  10°  and  12°  lat.  south. 

Automolus  striaticeps  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  528 — Chilpes,  Dept- 
Junin  (nom.  nud.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1875,  p.  37 — Bogota  (type  in 
British  Museum  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  148,  1884 — 
Chilpes;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  96 — Machay,  Mapoto, 
Ecuador  (spec,  examined)  ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  90,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  a-d,  Bogota,  Sarayacu,  Machay;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  22,  1899 — Zamora,  Ecuador. 

Automolus  melanorhynchus  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  14, 
1905  (note  on  type);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  114,  1906 — 
Rio  Cadena,  Marcapata;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  409, 
1917 — Buenavista,  above  Villavicencio,  Colombia. 

Range:  Eastern  slopes  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  ("Bogota"; 
Buena  Vista,  above  Villavicencio) ,  Ecuador  (Machay,  Mapoto,  Zamora, 
Sarayacu),  and  Peru  (Chilpes,  Dept.  Junin;  Rio  Cadena,  Marcapata, 
Dept.  Cuzco)0. 

•  This  species,  remarkable  for  its  stout,  short  bill,  should  perhaps  be  separated 
genetically,  but  I  have  not  been  able  to  reexamine  its  structural  characters  in  the 
present  connection. 

b  Three  specimens  from  Ecuador  examined 

0  Birds  from  Marcapata  are  identical  with  the  type  in  the  Neuchatel  Museum, 
while  two  specimens  from  "Bogota"  and  Mapoto  have  the  under  parts  less  suffused 
with  ochraceous. 


232  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Thripadectes  holostictus  (Sclater  and  Sdlvin)*.    STRIPED  TREE-HUNTER. 
Automolus  holostictus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1875,  p.  542 — Medel- 

lin,  Antioquia;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  522 — Santa  Elena;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 

Mus.,  15,  p.  89,  pi.  6,  1890 — Medellin,  Santa  Elena;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA, 

Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  22,  1899 — Niebli;  MENEGAUX,  Miss. 

Serv.  g6ogr.  Mes.  Arc  Mend.  Equat.,  9,  p.  B  42,  1911 — "Quito";  CHAPMAN, 

Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  409,  1917 — Salento,  Santa  Elena,  above  Iba- 

gue,  Choachi,  Colombia. 
Automolus  holostictus  striatidorsus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1884,  p.  299 — Chaguarpata  and  Cayandeled,  Ecuador  (types  examined). 
Automolus  striaticeps  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1879,  p.  621 — Guanai,  Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 

IS>  P-  90,  1890 — part,  spec,  e,  f,  Tilotilo,  Nairapi,  Bolivia. 
Thripadectes  scrutator  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2, 

p.  92,  1889 — "Mapiri",  Bolivia  (fide  CHAPMAN  in  litt.). 

Range:  Subtropical  and  Temperate  Zones  of  Colombia  (central 
and  eastern  Andes),  western  Ecuador  (Niebli,  Chaguarpata,  Cayande- 
led), and  western  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba). 

Genus  XENOPS  Illiger. 

Xenops  ILLIGER,  Prodr.  Syst.  Mamm.  &  Av.,  p.  213,  1811 — type  by  monotypy 

Xenops  genibarbis  ILLIGER. 
Neops  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  nouv.  Ornith.  el^m.,  p.  45,  1816 — type  by  monotypy 

Neops  ruficaudus  VIEILLOT. 
Anecorhamphus  BILLBERG,  Synop.  Faun.  Scand.,  i  (2),  tab.  A,  1828 — new  name 

for  Xenops  ILLIGER. 

*Xenops  minutus  minutus  (Sparrman).    SPARRMAN'S  XENOPS. 

Turdus  minutus  SPARRMANb,  Mus.  Carlson.,  fasc.  3,  pi.  68,  1788 — no  locality 
given,  we  suggest  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

•  Thripadectes  holostictus  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN):  Nearly  allied  to  T.  melano- 
rhynchus,  but  somewhat  smaller;  throat  much  paler,  buff  rather  than  ochraceous, 
with  the  blackish  lateral  edges  to  the  feathers  not  confluent  at  the  tip;  under  parts 
olivaceous  brown  instead  of  ochreous,  with  distinct,  though  not  abruptly  defined 
pale  shaft  stripes;  base  of  lower  mandible  pale  horn  brown.  Wing  85-92 ;  tail  85-94; 
bill  23-24. 

T.  holostictus  is  probably  a  geographical  or  zonal  representative  of  T.  melanor- 
hynchus.  In  Ecuador  they  replace  each  other  on  the  western  and  eastern  slope  of 
the  Andes,  while  T.  holostictus  alone  appears  to  occur  in  the  central  Andes  of  Col- 
ombia. Both  T.  holostictus  and  T.  melanorhynchus  have  been  found  in  the  eastern 
chain  of  Colombia,  the  latter,  however,  at  a  much  lower  altitude. 

I  do  not  see  any  racial  variation  in  specimens  from  different  localities  and  even 
those  from  Bolivia  appear  to  be  inseparable. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Jerico  i.  Las  Ventanas,  Santander  4,  Bogota  2. 
Ecuador:  Chaguarpata  i,  Cayandeled  i,  Niebli  i.  Bolivia:  Sandillani  i,  Chaco  2, 
Yungas  of  Cochabamba  4. 

b  Prof.  Einar  Lonnberg,  to  whom  specimens  of  the  various  eastern  races  had 
been  sent  for  comparison,  found  the  type  of  Turdus  minutus,  still  preserved  in  the 
Stockholm  Museum,  to  be  identical  with  the  form  described  by  me  as  pelzelni. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  233 

Xenops  genibarbis  pelzelni  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  55,  1907 — Ypanema, 
Prov.  Sao  Paulo  (range);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  313, 
1912 — Mburero,  Paraguay;  BERTONI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  257,  1919 — Puerto 
Bertoni,  Alto  Parana. 

•  Xenops  genibarbis  (not  of  ILLIGER)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1155, 
1831 — southeastern  Brazil;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  22, 
1856 — Novo  Friburgo;  SUNDEVALL,  Vetensk.  Akad.  Handl.,  2,  No.  3,  p.  11, 
1857  (crit.);  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34, 
P-  133,  1859 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Ypanema,  Registo  do  Sai;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i, 
p.  41,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Registo  do  Sai,  Ypanema;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  no,  1890 — part,  spec,  j-1,  Bahia,  Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  228,  1899 — Iguape',  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — 
Novo  Friburgo;  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  242,  1907 — part,  Ypiranga,  Ipor- 
anga,  Baurti,  Rio  Feio,  Campinas,  Sao  Paulo;  Ourinho,  Parana. 

Xenops  minutus  minutus  ZIMMER,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Zool.  Ser.,  12, 
p.  58,  1924  (crit.). 

Range:  Wooded  coast  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia 
to  Parana,  and  Paraguay. 

3:    Brazil  (Bahia  i,  Sao  Paulo  i,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo  i). 

*Xenops  minutus  genibarbis  llliger*.    WHISKERED  XENOPS. 

Xenops  genibarbis  ILLIGER,  Prodr.  Syst.  Mamm.  &  Av.,  p.  213,  1811 — Cameta, 
Rio  Tocantins;  LA  YARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  385 — Para;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  no,  1890 — part,  spec,  i,  Para;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  16, 
1907 — Itaituba,  Tapaj6z;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  524,  1906 — Para, 
San  Antonio  do  Prata;  idem,  I.e.,  56,  p.  507,  1908 — Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapa- 
j6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  530,  1908 — Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  idem,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  330,  1914 — part,  Para,  Providencia,  Ananindeua,  Benevides, 
Sta.  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puni,  San  Antonio  do  Prata,  Rio  Guama,  Rio 
Tocantins,  Rio  Xingu,  Rio  Tapaj6z,  Rio  Jamauchim. 

Xenops  genibarbis  soror  HELLMAYR b,  Anzeiger  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  4,  p.  31,  March 
1921 — Miritiba,  Maranhao. 

Xenops  genibarbis  genibarbis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  366,  1906 — [San 
Antonio  do]  Prata,  Para;  idem,  I.e.,  14,  p.  54,  1907 — part,  Para,  Santarem; 
idem,  I.e.,  14,  p.  365,  1907 — part,  Borba;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  322,  1910 — Calama, 

*  Xenops  minutus  genibarbis  ILUGER:  Nearest  to  X.  m.  minutus,  but  larger, 
with  much  heavier  bill;  throat  feathers  edged  with  olivaceous;  foreneck  slightly  varie- 
gated with  buff;  wing  band  much  deeper,  ochraceous  rather  than  buff.  Wing  (male) 
61-64,  (female)  59-62;  tail  45-50;  bill  13-14. 

Material  examined. — Maranhao:  San  Martin  i,  Miritiba  3,  Sao  Luiz  i,  Tury- 
assti  2.  Para:  Benevides  5,  San  Antonio  i.  Rio  Tapaj6z:  Santarem  8,  Colonia  do 
Mojuy,  Santarem  5,  Aveiro  i,  Miritituba  4,  Villa  Braga  i.  Rio  Madeira:  Borba  2, 
Calama  3,  Maroins  i. 

b  Described  by  mistake.  Birds  from  Maranhao  are  absolutely  identical  with  a 
series  from  the  lower  Amazon  (Para  to  the  Tapaj6z).  When  separating  soror,  I  com- 
pared it  with  specimens  from  French  Guiana,  erroneously  supposed  to  represent 
genibarbis. 


234  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Maroins,  Rio  Machados;  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
26,  No.  2,  p.  91,  1912 — Para,  San  Antonio;  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  2, 
P-  63,  87,  1916 — Utinga,  Para. 

Xenops  approximans  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  133,  1859 — part,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  41,  1868 — 
part,  Borba. 

Xenops  genibarbis  littoralis  (not  of  SCLATER)  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  68,  1910 — San  Martin,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy  (spec, 
examined). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Rio  Par- 
nahyba, Maranhao  west  to  the  Rio  Madeira,  extending  on  the  right 
bank  of  that  river  at  least  as  far  up  as  the  mouth  of  the  Machados. 

3:    Brazil,  Maranhao  (Sao  Luiz  i,  Tury-assu  2). 

*Xenops  minutus  obsoletus  Zimmer*.    WESTERN  WHISKERED  XENOPS. 

Xenops  minutus  obsoletus  ZIMMER,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Zool.  Ser.,  12, 
p.  57,  1924 — Puerto  Bermudez,  Peru. 

Xenops  approximans  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  133,  1859 — part,  Sao  Joao  do  Crato,  Salto  do  Girao,  left  bank  of  Rio 
Madeira;  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  41,  1868 — part,  Sao  Joao  do  Crato,  Salto  do 
Girao;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  184 — Nauta,  Upper 
Ucayali;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  750,  755 — Chyavetas. 

Xenops  genibarbis  (not  of  ILLIGER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873, 
p.  270 — Nauta,  Upper  Ucayali,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  IS,  p.  m,  1890 — part,  spec,  w-y,  Nauta,  Ucayali,  Chamicuros, 
Peru;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  14,  1908 — Cachoeira,  Rio  Purus;  idem, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  330,  1914 — part,  Cachoeira,  Rio  Punis. 

Xenops  littoralis  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  529 — 
Monterico;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  27 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  162, 
1884 — Monterico,  Yurimaguas,  Moyobamba,  Nauta,  Upper  Ucayali,  Chya- 
vetas, Chamicuros,  Peru. 

Xenops  genibarbis  approximans  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  375 — La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru. 

a  Xenops  minutus  obsoletus  ZIMMER:  Very  similar  to  X.  m.  genibarbis,  but  fore- 
neck  and  chest  much  more  spotted  with  buff;  throat  more  heavily  edged  with  brown- 
ish; crown  less  rufescent;  cinnamomeous  color  of  tail  on  average  paler.  Wing  62- 
65;  tail  45-50;  bill  13-14- 

Four  specimens  from  northern  Bolivia  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  are  perfectly 
identical  with  the  typical  series.  Ten  skins  from  the  Rio  Purus,  as  a  rule,  have  the 
crown  slightly  more  rufescent,  though  some  are  absolutely  indistinguishable  from 
the  Peruvian  ones. 

Birds  from  Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira  closely  approach  X.  m.  genibarbis,  to  which 
specimens  from  the  opposite  (right)  bank  of  the  same  river  (Calama)  appear  actu- 
ally to  belong. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Guayabamba  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  i,  Rio  Colorado  i, 
Huachipa  2.  Bolivia:  Rio  Surutu  3,  Yapacani  i.  Brazil:  Teffe"  i,  Hyutanahan,  Rio 
Purus  10,  Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira  4. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  235 

Xenops  genibarbis  genibarbis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  54,  1907 — part, 
Teffe  (Rio  Solimoes),  Guayabamba  (Peru);  idem,  I.e.,  p.  365,  1907 — part, 
Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira. 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (in  depts.  of  Amazonas,  Loreto,  Huanuco, 
Junin,  and  northeastern  Ayacucho),  northern  Bolivia  (Buena  Vista, 
Yapacani,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz),  and  western  Brazil,  east  to  the  Rio 
Madeira  (Humaytha) a. 

4:  Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez  i,  Rio  Colorado,  Chanchamayo  i, 
Huachipa  2). 

*Xenops  minutus  ruficaudus  (  Vieilloty.    GUIANAN  XENOPS. 

Neops  ruficaudus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  nouv.  Orn.  e'le'm.,  p.  68,  1816 — "La  Guiane" 
=  Cayenne. 

Xenops  approximans  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
34,  p.  113  (descr.),  133,  1859 — part,  type  locality  [Barra  do]  Rio  Negro 
[  =  Manaos],  as  designated  by  J.  T.  Zimmer  1924  (spec,  examined);  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras,,  i,  p.  41,  1868 — part,  [Barra  do]  Rio  Negro0. 

Xenops  genibarbis  (not  of  ILLIGER)  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.  livr.,  25,  pi.  150, 
fig.  i,  1822;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  420 — Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Roraima; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  no,  1890 — part,  spec,  b-h,  Bartica  Grove, 
Camacusa,  Oyapoc,  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos];  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  p.  62,  1902 — Munduapo,  Nericagua,  Maipures,  R.  Orinoco,  Suapure, 
Nicare,  La  Pricion,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  146,  1908 — 
Cayenne;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  330,  1914 — part,  Obidos; 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  264,  1916 — Upper  Orinoco, 
Caura  R. ;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  109,  1921 — British  Guiana. 

Xenops  genibarbis  genibarbis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  54,  1907 — part, 
Cayenne,  British  Guiana,  Venezuela  (Orinoco-Caura  basin),  Bogota, 

a  Not  having  any  material  from  eastern  Ecuador,  I  am  unable  to  ascertain 
whether  Xenops  genibarbis  (ScLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  1858,  p.  63  (Rio  Napo),  457 
(Gualaquiza))  should  be  referred  to  X.  m.  obsoletus  or  X.  m.  ruficaudus. 

b  Xenops  minutus  ruficaudus  (VIEILLOT)  :  Nearest  to  X.  m.  genibarbis,  but  larger 
(except  bill) ;  crown  darker,  less  ruf escent  and  distinctly,  though  narrowly  striated 
with  buff;  general  color  of  under  parts  more  olivaceous;  brownish  edges  to  throat 
more  pronounced;  foreneck  and  chest  much  more  spotted  with  buff.  Wing  (male) 
64-71,  (female)  60-65;  tail  (male)  51-58,  (female)  48-52;  bill  13-14. 

Comparison  of  forty  specimens  from  north  of  the  Amazon  with  an  excellent 
series  of  X.  m.  genibarbis  from  Maranhao  and  Para  shows  ruficaudus  to  be  readily 
distinguishable  by  its  striated  head,  spotted  chest,  and  more  olivaceous  under  parts. 
Birds  from  Manaos  and  Rio  Branco  are  perfectly  identical  with  those  from  Ven- 
ezuela and  Guiana,  and  two  Bogota  skins  also  appear  to  belong  here. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana  17,  Camacusa,  British  Guiana  3,  Caura 
River,  Venezuela  n,  upper  Orinoco  (Nericagua,  Munduapo)  4,  Rio  Branco  i, 
Manaos  3,  Obidos  5. 

«  An  inspection  of  five  of  the  original  specimens  (Manaos  2  ,Borba  i,  Rio  Iganna 
i,  Marabitanas  i)  shows  Pelzeln  to  have  confused  several  races  under  X.  approxi- 
mans, but  as  pointed  out  by  J.  T.  Zimmer  (1.  c.,  p.  60)  his  description  was  evidently 
based  on  the  Manaos  birds  with  distinctly  striated  pileum,  making  the  name  a 
synonym  of  Neops  ruficaudus  VIEILLOT. 


236  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Colombia;  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  p.  133,  1917 — Bartica,  Brit.  Guiana; 
BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  66,  1918 — Paramaribo, 
Surinam. 

Xenops  minutus  ruficaudus  ZIMMER,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Zool.  Ser.,  la, 
p.  59,  1924  (crit.,  range). 

Range :  The  Guianas ;  southern  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley  and  upper 
Orinoco),  west  apparently  to  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Colombian  Andes 
("Bogota"-collections);  northern  Brazil,  north  of  the  Amazon,  west  to 
Manaosa. 

2:    Brazil  (Manaos  i,  Conceicao,  Rio  Branco  i). 

*Xenops  minutus  littoralis  Sclaterb.    PACIFIC  XENOPS. 

Xenops  littoralis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  379 — Esmeraldas,  n.w.  Ecua- 
dor; BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  562 — Chimbo;  SALVADORI 
and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  23,  1899 — Vinces,  Rio 
Peripa,  Ecuador. 

Xenops  genibarbis  (not  of  ILLIGER)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  293 — 
Esmeraldas;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  523 — Remedies;  BERLEPSCH, 
Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  307,  1884 — Bucaramanga;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  no,  1890 — part,  spec,  p-s,  Remedies,  Esmeraldas,  Intac;  GOODFELLOW, 
Ibis,  1902,  p.  61 — Santo  Domingo. 

Xenops  genibarbis  littoralis  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  491,  1898 — Chimbo, 
Paramba;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  14,  p.  55,  1907  (crit.,  range);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1911,  p.  1152 — Noanama,  Tado,  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  414,  1917 — N6vita  Trail,  Buenaventura,  Barbacoas,  Pacific 
coast;  Rio  Frio,  Puerto  Valdivia,  Cauca  Valley;  Malena,  Rio  Magdalena, 
Colombia. 

(?)  Xenops  ruficauda  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860, 
p.  193 — Turbo. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (Pacific  slope,  Cauca  and  Mag- 
dalena valleys)  and  western  Ecuador,  south  to  Chimbo. 

18:  Colombia  (Tad6,  Rio  San  Juan  i,  Rio  Dagua  i);  Ecuador 
(Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Lita  5,  Paramba  3,  San  Javier  4,  Pambilar  i,  Caron- 
delet  i;  Santo  Domingo  i,  Chimbo  i). 

•  Two  birds  from  the  upper  Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Icanna)  I  cannot 
identify  with  any  known  form.  They  agree  in  coloration  and  markings  with  X.  m. 
genibarbis,  but  are  much  duller  and  more  drab  brown  beneath.  Fresh  material  is 
required  to  determine  their  status. 

b  Xenops  minutus  littoralis  SCLATER:  Differs  from  the  eastern  races  by  yellowish 
rather  than  whitish  throat  and  much  more  olivaceous  under  parts.  The  crown  is 
dusky  brown  as  in  X.  m.  ruficaudus,  but  hardly  striated  with  buff. 

Birds  from  western  Colombia  (Noanama,  Tad6,  Juntas,  Rio  Dagua)  average 
more  brownish  underneath,  thus  pointing  to  X.  m.  ridgtaayi. 

Thirty-eight  specimens  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  237 

Xenops  minutus  neglectus  Todd*.    CARIBBEAN  XENOPS. 

Xenops  genibarbis  neglectus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  173,  1913 — Las 
Quiguas,  Carabobo,  Venezuela;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
14,  p.  293,  1922 — Minca,  Mamatoco,  La  Tigrera,  Las  Vegas,  Cincinnati, 
Fundaci6n,  Don  Diego,  Dibulla,  Tucurinca,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Xenops  genibarbis  (not  of  ILLIGER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868, 
p.  627 — San  Esteban,  Venezuela;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  171 — 
Minca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  no,  1890 — part,  spec,  o,  z,  a1, 
Minca,  San  Esteban;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  138,  1898 — Santa 
Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.'  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  157,  1900 — Bonda,  Minca, 
Cacagualito. 

Xenops  genibarbis  [subsp.?]  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft 
5,  p.  104,  1912 — Las  Quiguas,  Venezuela. 

Range:  Coast  ranges  of  northwestern  Venezuela  (Cumbre  de  Val- 
encia, State  of  Carabobo) ,  and  Santa  Marta  district,  northern  Colombia. 

*Xenops  minutus  ridgwayi  Hartert  and  Goodson*.    RIDGWAY'S  XENOPS. 

Xenops  genibarbis  ridgwayi  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  417,  1917 
— Tocoume",  Panama;  BANGS  and  B  ARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65, 
p.  210,  1922 — Mt.  Sap6,  Jesusito,  Darien. 

Xenops  genibarbis  (not  of  ILLIGER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  no, 
1890 — part,  spec,  g-n,  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Panama. 

Xenops  genibarbis  mexicanus  (not  of  SCLATER)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  55, 
1907 — part;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  643,  1910 — Costa  Rica; 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  172,  1911 — part,  Nicaragua  to 
Panama;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  p.  262,  1918 — Gatun,  Panama. 

Range:     (?)  Honduras;  Nicaragua;  Costa  Rica;  Panama. 

9 :  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  2) ;  Costa  Rica  (Boruca 
i,  Miravelles  i,  Orosi  i,  Guayabo  i,  Terraba  2);  Veragua  i. 

*Xenops  minutus  mexicanus  Sclater.    MEXICAN  XENOPS. 

Xenops  mexicanus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  "1856",  p.  289,  Jan.  1857 — Cor- 
doba, Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Xenops  genibarbis  (not  of  ILLIGER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  no, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a-f,  Oaxaca,  Cordoba,  Mexico;  Rio  de  la  Pasion,  Choctum, 
Vera  Paz,  Guatemala;  LANTZ,  Trans.  Kansas  Ac.  Sci.,  16,  p.  221,  1899 — 
Santo  Tomas,  Guatemala. 

•  Xenops  minutus  neglectus  TODD:  Exceedingly  close  to  X.  m.  littoralis,  but 
slightly  paler,  with  the  wings  and  tail  cinnamomeous  rather  than  rufous.  Seven 
specimens  examined. 

b  Xenops  minutus  ridgwayi  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  Differs  from  X.  m.  littoralis 
and  X.  m.  neglectus  by  decidedly  more  brownish  (less  olivaceous)  under  parts  and 
less  dusky  pileum;  from  X.  m.  mexicanus  by  much  less  rufous  coloration  throughout. 

Twenty  specimens  from  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  and  Panama  examined. 


238  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Xenops  genibarbis  mexicanus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  55,  1907 — part, 
diag.  and  hab.  eastern  Mexico  and  Guatemala;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  172,  1911 — part,  southeastern  Mexico  to  British  Hon- 
duras; PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  375,  1913 — thirty  miles  n.  of  Camp  Mengel, 
Terr.  Quintana  Roo,  Mexico. 

Xenops  genibarbis  cayoensis  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  52,  1919 — Cayo, 
Brit.  Honduras8. 

Range:    Southeastern   Mexico   (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,   Oaxaca, 
Tabasco,  and  Yucatan),  Guatemala,  and  British  Honduras. 
2:    Guatemala  (unspecified  2). 

*Xenops  rutilus  rutilus  Lichtenstein*.    RUFOUS-TAILED  XENOPS. 

Xenops  rutilus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  17,  1823 — Bahia; 
PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34,  p.  134,  1859 
(soft  parts);  idem,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  1868 — Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo),  Cury- 
tiba  (Parana),  Villa  Maria,  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  exam- 
ined); REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  377 — Sete 
Lagoas,  Minas  Geraes;  Batataes,  Sao  Paulo;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87, 
1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  145, 
1885 — Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  in, 
1890 — part,  spec,  i-t,  Bahia,  Rio,  Chapada,  Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  5,  p.  113,  1893 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul., 
3,  p.  229,  1899 — Iporanga,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  l.c.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo; 
idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  129,  1899 — Mundo  Novo; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  8,  1900 — Urucum, 
Matto  Grosso;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  18,  1900 — Tebicuari,  Paraguay;  IHERING,  Cat. 
F.  Braz.,  I,  p.  242,  1907 — Ypiranga,  Iporanga,  Rio  Feio,  Mogy-guassu,  Ca- 
conde,  Jaboticabal,  Barretos,  Itapura,  Ubatuba,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  Caxambu, 
Minas  Geraes;  Porto  Cachoeira,  Espirito  Santo;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  530 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 
p.  68,  1910 — Faz.  do  Sao  Antonio,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia;  Lake  Missao,  Buriti 
and  Pe"  do  Morro,  near  Parnagud,  Piauhy;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc. 
Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  478,  497,  1912 — Vera  Guarany,  Parana. 

Xenops  genibarbis  (not  of  ILLIGER)  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Illust.,  (ist  ser.),  2,  pi.  100, 
1821 — Brazil. 

Xenops  rulUans  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  12,  pi.  72,  fig.  2,  1821 — "Bre'sil"; 
WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1159,  1831 — Muribecca,  Rio  Itabapuana, 
Espirito  Santo;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  U~bers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  23,  1856 — Novo 
Friburgo,  Rio. 

Xenops  affinis  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  352,  1838 — Brazil. 

Xenops  argobronchus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  75,  1901 — Djaguarasapa, 
Alto  Parand. 

a  Four  specimens  from  Manatee  Lagoon,  in  the  Carnegie  Museum,  while  much 
brighter  buffy  brown  underneath  than  X.  m.  ridgwayi,  do  not  appear  to  be  separable 
from  X.  m.  mexicanus. 

b  This  form  is  characterized  by  having  only  the  inner  web  of  the  fourth  (and 
very  rarely  the  extreme  base  of  the  third)  rectrix  black. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  239 

Xenops  rutilus  rutilus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  62,  1908 — Faz.  Esperanca, 
Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz  (range  part,  excl.  Bolivia  and  Jujuy) ;  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  303,  1910— part,  Alto  Parana. 

Range:  Brazil,  from  Maranhao,  Piauhy,  Goyaz,  and  Matto  Grosso 
south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  and  Paraguay. 

7:  Brazil  (Barra  da  Corda,  Maranhao  2,  Bahia  i,  Rio  das  Velhas, 
near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  3,  Victoria,  Sao  Paulo  i). 

*Xenops  rutilus  connectens  Chapman*.    BOLIVIAN  XENOPS. 

Xenops  rutilus  connectens  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  259,  1919 — • 

Todos  Santos,  Prov.  Cochabamba,  Bolivia. 
Xenops  rutilus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 

2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  13,  1838 — Guarayos,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined); 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  in,  1890 — part,  spec,  u,  Bolivia;  SALVA- 

DORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  20,  1897- — San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy; 

LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  54,  1905 — Barranca  Colorado,  Tucuman. 
Xenops  rutilus  rutilus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  303,  1910 — 

part,  Jujuy,  Tucuman. 

Range:    Eastern  Bolivia   (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba, 
Guarayos)  and  northwestern  Argentina  (prov.  of  Jujuy  and  Tucuman). 
i:    Argentina  (Ledesma,  Jujuy  i). 

*Xenops  rutilus  guayae  Hellmayre.    GUAYAS  XENOPS. 

Xenops  rutilus  guayae  HELLMAYR,  Anz.  Orn.-Ges.  Bay.,  3,  p.  18,  Oct.  1920 — • 

Guayaquil,  Ecuador. 
Xenops  rutilus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1883,  p.  562 — Guayaquil;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  in, 

1890 — part,  spec,  f,  Balzar  Mts. 
Xenops  heterurus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus. 

Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  360,  p.  23,  1899 — Vinces,  Ecuador. 

Range:    Southwestern  Ecuador,  in  Province  of  Guayas  (Guayaquil, 
Chimbo,  Vinces,  Balzar,  Rio  Salado). 
i:    Ecuador  (Chimbo  i). 

a  Thirty-two  specimens  from  various  parts  of  Brazil  examined.  Bahia  birds 
average  smaller. 

b  Xenops  rutilus  connectens  CHAPMAN:  Agreeing  with  X.  r,  rutilus  in  tail  mark- 
ings (black  mainly  restricted  to  inner  web  of  fourth  rectrix),  but  coloration  of  body 
plumage  more  like  X.  r.  heterurus,  thus  differing  from  the  typical  race  by  duller, 
less  cinnamomeous  upper,  and  more  olivaceous,  less  broadly  streaked  under  parts. 
Wing  (male)  68-70,  (female)  65-68;  tail  5i-54,  (female)  48-51;  bill  12-13.  Eight  speci- 
mens (Quebrada  onda,  Suapi,  Songo,  Guarayos,  Bolivia  4;  Ledesma,  Jujuy  4) 
examined. 

Specimens  from  Argentina  (Jujuy)  appear  to  be  generally  brighter  underneath. 

0  Xenops  rutilus  guayae  HELLMAYR:  Nearest  to  X.  r.  connectens,  but  much 
smaller,  and  under  parts  more  buffy  as  well  as  more  narrowly  streaked  with  whitish. 
Wing  (four  specimens)  61-64;  tail  45-47;  bill  11.5-12. 


240  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Xenops  rutilus  heterurus  Cabanis  and  Heine*.    STREAKED  XENOPS. 

Xenops  heterurus  CABANIS  and  HEiNEb,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  33,  1859 — "Colum- 
bien"  =Bogotd;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  319 — Costa  Rica;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1870,  p.  192 — Volcan  de  Chiriqui. 

Xenops  rutilans  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  27,  1856 — 
Bogota;  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  85 — Trinidad;  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  156, 
1866— Trinidad. 

Xenops  rutilus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  331 — Canta,  below 
Bucaramanga;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  522 — Santa 
Elena;  TACZANOWSKI,  l.c.,  1874,  P-  529 — Royaybamba,  Auquimarca;  idem, 
l.c.,  1879,  p.  231 — Tambillo,  Guajango;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  26 — Chirimoto, 
Cococho,  Huambo;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  160,  1884 — Peruvian  localities 
(excl.  Chamicuros);  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  97 — Machay;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  in,  1890 — part,  spec, 
a-e,  i,  Costa  Rica,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Santa  Elena,  Bogotd,  Tambillo;  SAL- 
VIN and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  165,  1891 — part,  Costa 
Rica,  Chiriqui,  Colombia;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  158,  1900 — 
Las  Nubes,  Santa  Marta  district;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  45, 
1902 — Boquete,  Chiriqui;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  61 — Baeza,  Ecuador 
(spec,  examined);  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  270, 
1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  644,  1910 
Costa  Rica. 

Xenops  rutilus  rutilus  (errore)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  29,  1906 — Laven- 
tille,  Trinidad;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  365,  1908 — 
Pointe  Gourde,  Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Xenops  rutilus  heterurus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  375 
— La  Gloria,  Borgona,  Peru;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  92,  1906 — Idma,  above  Santa 
Ana,  Peru;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  62,  1908 — part,  Colombia,  Ecuador, 
(Baeza),  Peru,  Venezuela,  Trinidad  (crit.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
50,  Part  5,  p.  175,  1911  (monog.,  range  excl.  Guayaquil,  Balzar,  Sarayacu, 
Vinces,  Chamicuros,  Nauta);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 
A,  Heft  5,  p.  105,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  414,  1917 — San  Antonio,  Cerro  Munchique,  Mira- 
flores,  Salento,  Santa  Elena,  Rio  Toch6,  San  Agustin,  Fusugasugd,  El  Roble, 
Colombia;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  85,  1921 — Idma,  San  Miguel 
Bridge,  Rio  San  Miguel,  Peru;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
14,  p.  292,  1922 — Cincinnati,  Las  Vegas,  Santa  Marta  district. 

Zenops  rutilus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  192,  1906 — Aripo, 
Trinidad. 

a  Xenops  rutilus  heterurus  CABANIS  and  HEINE:  Readily  distinguished  from  the 
other  races  by  the  pattern  of  the  tail,  the  inner  web  of  the  third  and  fourth  rectrix 
being  almost  entirely  black,  and  the  penultimate  and  fifth  also  with  more  or  less 
black  at  the  base.  Coloration  duller  and  lower  parts  less  broadly  streaked  than  in 
X.  r.  rutilus. 

b  An  earlier  name  is  possibly  Xenops  dentirostris  SWAINSON  (Anim.  Menag.,  p.  353, 
1838 — "Demerara?").  While  the  color  characters  correspond  well  to  heterurus, 
Swainson's  remarks  on  the  shape  of  the  bill  are  rather  ambiguous.  Unfortunately, 
the  type  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  University  Museum  of  Cambridge,  Eng.,  where 
many  of  Swainson's  original  examples  have  been  deposited. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  241 

Range:  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo,  Juan  Virias);  Panama;  Colombia; 
eastern  Ecuador  (Baeza) ;  Peru  (south  to  the  Marcapata  Valley,  Dept. 
Cuzco) ;  Venezuela  (mountain  ranges  from  Merida  to  Caracas  and  Ber- 
mudez) ;  Trinidad8. 

13:  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  i,  Juan  Viiias,  Dec.  26,  1890,  i);  Colom- 
bia (Bogota  6,  Santa  Elena  i);  Peru  (Huachipa  3,  Chinchao  i). 

Xenops  rutilus  purusianus  Toddb.    INTERMEDIATE   XENOPS. 

Xenops  rutilus  purusianus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  79,  1925 — 
Hyutanahan,  Rio  Purus,  Brazil. 

Range:    Western  Brazil  (Hyutanahan,  Rio  Purus). 

Xenops  tenuirostris  tenuirostris  Pelzeln*.    SLENDER-BILLED  XENOPS. 

Xenops  tenuirostris  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  34, 
p.  112,  133,  1859 — Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira  (type  examined);  idem,  Orn. 
Bras.,  i,  p.  41,  1868 — Salto  do  Girao;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft 
10,  p.  76,  1920 — San  Gaban,  Carabaya,  Peru  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol. 
Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  260,  1919 — Barao  Melgaco  and  Rio  Roosevelt,  Matto 
Grosso. 

Xenops  rutilus  tenuirostris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  62,  63,  1900 — Salto 
do  Girao  (crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  322,  1910 — Salto  do  Girao. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tapa- 
joz  (Apac,y,  Itaituba)  west  to  the  Purus  (Hyutanahan),  south  to  north- 
ern Matto  Grosso  (Barao  Melgac.o  and  Rio  Roosevelt),  and  south- 
eastern Peru  (San  Gaban,  north  slope  of  Sierra  de  Carabaya). 

a  Birds  from  Peru  and  western  Venezuela  (Merida,  Caracas,  Carabobo)  appear 
to  be  identical  with  those  from  Colombia,  while  specimens  from  Bermudez  and  Trini- 
dad are  somewhat  smaller. 

Material. — Bogotd  24,  Santa  Elena  i ;  Merida  i,  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  i, 
Mts.  near  Caracas  5,  Bermudez  (Quebrada  Secca  and  Campos  Alegre,  inland  of 
Cumana)  2;  Trinidad  13;  Costa  Rica  2;  Ecuador  (Baeza)  i;  Peru,  Chirimoto  i, 
Tambillo  i,  Chachapoyas  i,  Guayabamba  2,  Garita  del  Sol  2,  Chanchamayo  i, 
Huachipa  3,  Chinchao  i,  Caradoc,  Marcapata  2. 

b  Xenops  rutilus  purusianus  TODD:  Agreeing  with  X.  rutilus  heterurus  in  tail  pat- 
tern and  coloration  of  back;  but  under  parts  considerably  paler  (Saccardo's  olive  or 
light  brownish  olive  rather  than  Saccardo's  umber)  and  more  broadly  streaked  with 
whitish;  crown  darker,  less  rufescent.  Wing  (two  males)  65-67,  (two  females)  63- 
65;  tail  43-47;  bill  12-13. 

This  form  approaches  X.  r.  rutilus  in  coloration  of  lower  parts,  but  has  the  third 
as  well  as  the  fourth  rectrix  black  on  the  inner  web,  the  throat  more  conspicuously 
edged  with  brownish,  and  the  back  of  a  lighter,  less  rufous  tinge. 

Four  specimens  from  Hyutanahan,  Rio  Punis,  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined. 

0  Xenops  tenuirostris  tenuirostris  PELZELN:  Superficially  resembling  X.  rutilus, 
but  bill  very  much  smaller  and  slenderer;  maxilla  on  apical  portion  nearly  straight 
or  even  slightly  bent  downwards,  mandible  less  swollen  at  base  and  less  strongly 
ascending  terminally;  buff  markings  on  mantle  larger,  forming  lanceolate  spots; 
tail  less  graduated,  black  area  much  more  extensive,  the  third  and  fourth  rectrix 


242  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
Xenops  tenuirostris  acutirostris  Chapman*.    SHARP-BILLED  XENOPS. 

Xenops  acutirostris  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  16,  Aug.  1923 — Zamora, 

Prov.  Loja,  Ecuador  (type  examined). 
Xenops  heterurus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1866,  p.  566 — Nauta,  Peru  (spec,  in  British  Museum  examined). 
Xenops  rutilus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1873,  p.  270 — Chamicuros,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  in, 

1890 — part,  spec,  g,  h,  Sarayacu  (Ecuador),  Nauta  (Peru)  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Eastern  Ecuador  (Zamora,  Rio  Suno,  Sarayacu)  and  north- 
ern Peru  (Chamicuros,  Nauta). 

Xenops   tenuirostris   hellmayri    Toddb.     NORTHERN   SLENDER-BILLED 

XENOPS. 
Xenops  tenuirostris  hellmayri  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  80,  1925 — 

Mana,  French  Guiana. 

Xenops  rutilus  heterurus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 

13,  p.  62,  1908 — part,  Cayenne;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  p.  147,  1908 — Cayenne; 

HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  I.e.,  24,  p.  418,  1917 — Cayenne  and  Surinam  (crit.). 

Xenops  rutilus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  PENARD  and  PENARD,  Voy.  Guyana,  2, 

p.  28,  1910 — Surinam. 

Range :    French  and  Dutch  Guiana. 

being  wholly  or  for  the  greater  part,  the  fifth  on  the  outer  web  of  that  color,  while 
there  is  even  a  little  black  at  the  base  of  the  second  (penultimate)  rectrix;  under 
parts  much  paler  and  less  brownish,  nearest  to  light  grayish  olive,  with  the  whitish 
streaks  decidedly  narrower  and  less  abruptly  defined;  under  tail-coverts  barely 
shaded  with  buffy  brownish.  Wing  (six  males)  62-65.5;  tail  40-45;  bill  12. 

Although  formerly  considered  as  a  race  of  X.  rutilus,  this  bird  is  quite  distinct 
specifically,  and  in  parts  of  its  range  lives  side  by  side  with  representatives  of  the 
large  billed  species. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Apacy,  Rio  Tapaj6z  2,  Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z  i, 
Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira  i,  Hyutanahan,  Rio  Punis  i,  Barao  Melgaco,  Matto 
Grosso  i.  Peru:  San  Gaban,  Carabaya  i. 

a  Xenops  tenuirostris  acutirostris  CHAPMAN:  Very  closely  allied  to  X.  t.  tenuiros- 
tris, with  which  it  agrees  in  tail  pattern  as  well  as  in  whitish  superciliaries  and  throat ; 
but  somewhat  smaller,  with  slightly  slenderer  bill;  under  parts  decidedly  deeper 
grayish  olive,  the  whitish  shaft  stripes  broader  and  more  sharply  defined;  back 
slightly  darker,  with  rather  larger  buff  markings  on  interscapulium.  Wing  (two 
males)  61,  62,  (one  female)  56;  tail  38-40;  bill  12. 

In  structural  details  (except  for  its  slightly  slenderer  bill)  and  color  pattern  of 
wings  and  under  parts  this  bird  agrees  so  closely  with  X.  tenuirostris  that  I  can  re- 
gard it  as  only  subspecifically  distinct. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Rio  Suno,  above  Avila  i,  Zamora  i,  Sarayacu  i. 
Peru:  Nauta  i. 

b  Xenops  tenuirostris  hellmayri  TODD:  Similar  to  X.  t.  tenuirostris  in  size  and  tail 
markings,  but  under  parts  much  more  brownish  (Saccardo's  olive  or  buffy  brown  in- 
stead of  grayish  olive) ;  throat,  foreneck,  and  superciliaries  bright  buff  instead  of 
whitish;  crown  as  a  rule  darker  and  more  distinctly  streaked  with  buffy.  Wing 
(males)  62-66;  tail  44-47;  bill  11-12. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  5,  Mana  i,  Pied  Saut,  Oyapock  3 . 
Surinam:  vicinity  of  Paramaribo  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  243 

Genus  MICROXENOPS  Chapman". 

Microxenops  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  p.  196,  1914 — type 
Microxenops  milleri  CHAPMAN. 

Microxenops  milleri  Chapman*.    MILLER'S  XENOPS. 

Microxenops  milleri  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  p.  196,  1914 — 

foot  of  Mount  Duida,  Venezuela  (type  examined);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl. 

Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  264,  1916 — foot  of  Mount  Duida. 
Microxenops  milleri  guianensis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  33,  p.  74,  1920 — 

Tamanoir,  French  Guiana  (type  examined). 
Microxenops  milleri  milleri  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.   17,  in  text, 

1923 — foot  of  Mount  Duida;  Manacapuru,  Rio  Solimoes,  Brazil. 

Range:  French  Guiana  (Tamanoir;  Pied  Saut,  Oyapock);  south- 
ern Venezuela  (foot  of  Mount  Duida,  upper  Orinoco) ;  northern  Brazil 
(Manacapurti,  Rio  Solimoes;  Hyutanahan,  Anna,  Nova  Olinda,  Rio 
Purus). 

Genus  MEGAXENOPS  Reiser". 

Megaxenops  REISER,  Anzeiger  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  42,  p.  322,  1905 — type  Mega- 
xenops  parnaguae  REISER. 

*Megaxenops  parnaguae  Reiser*.    REISER'S  RE  CURVED-BILL. 

Megaxenops  parnaguae  REISER,  Anzeiger  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  42,  p.  322,  1905 — 

»  Genus  Microxenops  CHAPMAN:  Closely  resembling  the  slender  billed  species  of 
the  preceding  genus  (Xenops  tenuirostris  and  allies)  in  slightly  graduated  tail;  but 
tail  proportionately  shorter,  and  rectrices  more  rounded  at  tip.  The  bill,  while  simi- 
lar in  general  outline,  is  stouter,  less  compressed  laterally,  with  blunt,  not  acute  tip, 
and  terminally  less  ascending  mandible. 

b  Microxenops  milleri  CHAPMAN:  Differs  from  X.  tenuirostris  by  lacking  every 
trace  of  the  silvery  white  subauricular  streak,  and  by  having  no  black  in  the  tail. 
Besides,  the  crown  is  much  more  heavily  streaked  with  buff;  the  much  brighter  cin- 
namon rufous  wing  band  basal  rather  than  subterminal;  the  wide  cinnamomeous 
apical  band  of  the  secondaries,  so  conspicuous  a  feature  in  X.  tenuirostris  and  allies 
barely  suggested  by  a  narrow  fringe;  the  abruptly  defined  yellow  basal  area  to  the 
lower  mandible  absent;  the  legs  and  feet  are  pale  horn  brown,  instead  of  black;  the 
claws  yellow,  not  black.  Moreover,  the  peculiar  olive  blackish  striping  of  the  under 
parts  renders  the  bird  easily  recognizable.  Wing  (male)  68,  (female)  62;  tail  43, 
(female)  35;  bill  13-14. 

I  cannot  discover  any  constant  differences  between  specimens  from  various 
localities. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Foot  of  Mount  Duida  i.  French  Guiana: 
Tamanoir  5,  Pied  Saut,  Oyapock  3.  Brazil,  Rio  Purtis:  Hyutanahan  3,  Arina  4, 
Nova  Olinda  i. 

"Genus  Megaxenops  REISER:  Nearly  allied  to  Xenops,  but  of  gigantic  pro- 
portions, with  much  more  powerful  bill  and  stronger  feet. 

d  Megaxenops  parnaguae  REISER:  Coloration,  except  the  dusky  inner  webs  of 
remiges  and  the  abruptly  denned  silky  white  throat,  light  cinnamon  rufous,  some- 
what paler  on  the  lower  parts;  bill  grayish  brown,  paler  beneath.  Wing  (male)  75, 
(female)  72;  tail  64,61;  bill  15-16. 

Three  specimens  including  the  types  examined. 


244  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Catinga  woods  on  the  trail  from  Paniagua  to  Olho  d'Agoa,  Piauhy  (types 
examined);  idem,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  68,  1910 
— same  locality. 

Range:    Northeastern  Brazil  (in  states  of  Piauhy  and  Ceara). 
i :    Ceara  (Varzea  Formosa  i). 

Genus  PYGARRHICUS  Burmeister. 

Pygarrhicus  BURMEISTER,  Handbuch  Naturg.,  p.  769,  1837 — type  Dendrocolaptes 
albogularis  KING. 

Dendrodramus  GOULD,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  82,  1839 — type  Dendrodramus  leucos- 
ternus  GOULD  =  Dendrocolaptes  albogularis  KING. 

Dromodendron  GRAY,  Appendix  List  Genera  Birds,  p.  6,  1842 — new  name  for 
Dendrodramus  GOULD. 

Pygarrhichus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  232,  1847  —  emendation  of 
Pygarrhicus  BURMEISTER. 

*Pygarrhicus  albogularis  (King).    WHITE-THROATED  TREE-RUNNER. 

Dendrocolaptes  albo-gularis  KING,  Proc.  Comm.  Sci.  &  Corresp.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  i, 
"1830-1",  p.  30,  March  1831 — Straits  of  Magellan. 

Dendrodramus  leucosternus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  82,  pi.  27,  1839 
— Chiloe  Id.  and  woods  near  Rancagua,  a  degree  south  of  Valparaiso. 

Dendrodramus  leucosternon  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  u,  p.  112,  1843 — Prov. 
Colchagua. 

Pygarhicus  albogularis  HARTLAUB,  Naumannia,  3,  p.  210,  1853 — Valdivia. 

Pygarrhichus  albigularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  324 — Chile;  OUSTALET, 
Miss.  Scient.  Cap  Horn,  6,  p.  B  70,  1891 — Orange  Bay;  Packsaddle,  Pake- 
waya,  Beagle  Channel,  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Pygarrhicus  albigularis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  433 — Puerto 
Bueno,  Straits  of  Magellan;  SHARPE,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  9 — Skyring  Water,  Str.  of 
Magellan;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  126,  1890 — Chile,  Puerto  Bueno, 
Skyring  Water;  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  705,  1898 — Punta  Arenas, 
Str.  of  Magellan;  ARRIBALZAGA,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  164 — Lago 
General  Paz,  Chubut;  DABBENE,  I.e.,  p.  368,  1902 — Tierra  del  Fuego;  idem, 
I.e.,  18,  p.  303,  1910 — Tierra  del  Fuego,  Lago  General  Paz,  Chubut;  CRAW- 
SHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  80,  col.  pi.,  1907 — Rio  McClelland  Settlement. 

Pygarrhicus  albogularis  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  39 — Maquegua,  Prov.  Arauco; 
PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  318,  1923 — south  shore  of  Lake  Nahuel 
Huapi  (descr.  juv.);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  28,  p.  32,  1924 — Huel- 
qu6n,  Prov.  O'Higgins. 

Pseudoseisura  (!)  albigularis  REED,  Aves  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  33,  1916 — Sopanta, 
F.  Porta,  Prov.  Mendoza. 

Range:    Chile,  from  provinces  of  O'Higgins  (Rancagua)  and  Colcha- 
gua south  to  the  Straits  of  Magellan  and  Tierra  del  Fuego,  and  adja- 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  245 

cent  parts  of  the  Argentine  provinces  of  Mendoza,    Neuquen,  Rio 
Negro,  and  Chubut. 

18:  Chile  (Pilen  Alto,  Prov.  Maule  i ;  Curacautin,  Prov.  Malleco  3; 
Lake  Gualletue',  Prov.  Cautin  2;  Rinihue  i,  Mafil,  Prov.  Valdivia  3; 
Quellon,  Chiloe  Id.  3,  Rio  Inio,  Chiloe  Id.  2,  Rio  Aysen  i,  Rio  Nire- 
guao  2). 

Subfamily  SCLERURINAE. 

Genus  SCLERURUS  Swainson. 

Sclerurus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  p.  356,  1827 — generic  characters  only;  type 
by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY,  1855,  p.  42)  Thamnophilus  caudacutus  VIEILLOT. 

Tinactor  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1105,  1831 — type  by  monotypy 
Tinactor  fuscus  WIED. 

Oxypyga  MENETRIES,  M^m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P6tersb.,  3,  Part  2  (Sci.  Nat.),  p.  510, 
1835 — type  by  monotypy  Oxypyga  scansor  MENETRIES. 

Geooecia  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  79,  1901 — type  by  monotypy  Geooecia 
orryctera  BERTONI  =  Oxypyga  scansor  MENETRIES. 

i 
*Sclerurus  scansor  scansor  (Mtnetriesy.   MENETRIES'S  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Oxypyga  scansor  MENETRIES,  Me'm.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  (6)  3,  Part  2  (Sci. 
Nat.),  p.  520,  pi.  n,  1835 — Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro  (one  of  the  original  examples 
in  Paris  Museum  examined)  and  Minas  Geraes;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann.  Zool. 
Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  25,  1921  (type  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  in  Petrograd 

Museum). 

Tinactor  fuscus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1106,  1831 — part,  descr.  of 
female  and  hab.,  Rio  Itabapuana,  Rio  (spec,  in  American  Museum  Nat. 
Hist,  examined). 

Myothera  caudacuta  (not  Thamnophilus  caudacutus  VIEILLOT)  LAFRESNAYE,  Mag. 
Zool.,  3,  cl.  2,  pi.  10,  1833 — Brazil. 

Scelurus  caudacutus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  45,  1856 — Novo 
Friburgo. 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  86,  1868 — part,  Registre  do  Sai, 
Rio,  Mattodentro,  Ypanema;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren., 
1870,  p.  386 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  PELZELN,  Nunq.  otios.,  2,  p.  291, 
1874 — Novo  Friburgo;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  86,  1874 — Cantagallo; 
WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  610 — San  Javier,  Misiones. 

Sclerurus  umbrella  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges. 
Orn.,  2,  p.  142,  1885 — Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON, 

*•  Sclerurus  s.  scansor  is  obviously  specifically  distinct  from  S.  caudacutus.  In 
southeastern  Brazil,  its  range  closely  approaches  that  of  5.  caudacutus  umbrella, 
while  its  northern  representative  5. 5.  cearensis  may  even  be  expected  to  occur  together 
with  the  latter  whose  area  of  distribution  extends  from  Espirito  Santo  to  Para. 


246  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  174,  1888  —  Misiones;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12, 
p.  22,  1889  —  part,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  114,  1890  (descr.,  range);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  2,  p.  243,  1889  (note  on  Wied's  "female"  specimen);  idem,  I.e.,  5, 
p.  113,  1893  —  Abrilongo,  Matto  Grosso;  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1896,  p.  305  —  Rio  de 
Janeiro  (nesting  habits);  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16, 
p.  129,  1899  —  Mundo  Novo;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  229,  1899  —  Piraci- 
caba,  Iguapd,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900  —  Cantagallo,  Novo  Fri- 
burgo;  EULER,  I.e.,  p.  59  (habits);  IHERING,  I.e.,  p.  247  (eggs). 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  scansor  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  58,  1907  —  crit.,  diag., 
Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  and  Matto  Grosso,  Misiones  ;  HARTERT 
and  VENTURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  219,  1909  —  Santa  Ana,  Misiones  (egg  descr.);  DAB- 
BENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  303,  1910  —  Misiones,  Chaco,  Argen- 
tina; idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  314,  1912  —  Gran  Potrero,  Paraguay;  CHROSTOWSKI, 
Compt.  Rend.  Soe.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  478,  497,  1912  —  Vera  Guarany, 
Parana. 

Sclerurus  scansor  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  245,  1907  —  Alto  da  Serra,  Iguape, 
Rio  Feio,  Ubatuba,  Ilha  de  Sao  Sebastiao,  Sao  Paulo;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910, 
p.  531  —  Sapucay,  Paraguay. 

Geooecia  orryctera  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Paraguay,  p.  79,  1901  —  Djaguarasapa, 
Alto  Parana. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Minas  Ger- 
aes, (Lagoa  Santa)  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  west  to  Matto  (jrosso  (Abri- 
longo, near  Chapada);  Paraguay;  northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones)8. 

3:  Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i,  Vic- 
toria i,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Sao  Paulo  i). 

Sclerurus  scansor  cearensis  Snethlageb.    CEARA  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  cearensis  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Ornith.,  72,  p.  446,  July  1924 
—  Sao  Paulo,  Serra  do  Ibiapaba,  Ceara  (type  examined). 

Range:    Northeastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Ceara. 
*Sclerurus  albigularis  zamorae  Chapman0.    CHAPMAN'S  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  albigularis  zamorae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.   17,  Aug. 
—  Zamora,  Prov.  Loja,  Ecuador. 


•  Seventeen  specimens  from  Brazil  (Rio  4,  Minas  Geraes  i,  Sao  Paulo  10,  Par- 
ana 2)  and  two  from  Paraguay  (Sapucay)  examined. 

b  Sclerurus  scansor  cearensis  SNETHLAGE  :  Similar  to  5.  5.  scansor,  but  decidedly 
smaller,  with  shorter  bill;  upper  parts  paler  and  more  russet;  chest  much  brighter 
rufous;  throat  whiter,  without  distinct  dusky  apical  margins.  Wing  (male)  86 
(against  90-96  in  S.  s.  scansor),  female  84-86  (against  86-91);  tail  60-70;  bill  20.5-23 
(against  23-25  in  S.  s.  scansor).  Three  specimens,  including  the  type  examined. 

Although  described  as  a  race  of  5.  caudacutus,  this  bird  is  unquestionably  but 
the  northern  representative  of  5.  scansor  with  which  it  agrees  in  the  bright  rufous 
chest  and  rump. 

0  Sclerurus  albigularis  zamorae  CHAPMAN:  Differs  from  S.  a.  albigularis  by  darker 
coloration  throughout;  upper  parts  auburn  rather  than  raw  umber,  with  the  lower 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  247 

Tinactor  fuscus  (not  of  WIED)  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  180,  1846— Peru. 
Sclerurus  caudacutus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  114,  1884 
— part,  descr.  of  Tschudi's  specimen. 

Range:    Eastern  slope  of  the  Andes  of  southeastern  Ecuador  (Za- 
mora,  Prov.  Loja),  and  eastern  Peru  (Huachipa,  Dept.  Huanuco). 
5:    Peru  (Huachipa  5). 

Sclerurus  albigularis  albigularis  Sclater  and  Salmn.  WHITE-THROATED 
LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  albigularis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN",  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1868",  p.  627,  630, 
1869 — Venezuela  (locality  not  specified,  we  suggest  Cumbre  de  Valencia, 
State  of  Carabobo);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  114,  1890 — part, 
Venezuela;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  6,  p.  47,  1894 — Princestown, 
Trinidad;  DALMAS,  Me'm.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  p.  140,  1900 — Tobago; 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  28,  1906 — Valencia,  Caparo,  Trinidad;  CHER- 
RIE,  Sci.  Bull.,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  i,  p.  365,  1906 — Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Sclerurus  albigularis  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  19,  p.  80,  1847 — Tobago; 
RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  24,  1890 — Venezuela,  Tobago. 

Sclerurus  albigularis  albigularis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  105,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Venezuela;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  415,  1917  —  Buenavista,  above  Villavicencio,  Colombia. 

Range :  Islands  of  Tobago  and  Trinidad;  coast  ranges  of  Venezuela, 
from  Bermudez  to  Tocuyo;  eastern  Colombia  (Buenavista,  above  Villa- 
vicencio)1'. 

rump  and  tail-coverts  duller  chestnut  and  less  contrasting  with  color  of  back ;  upper 
throat  less  whitish;  chest  brighter,  hazel  rather  than  tawny;  remainder  of  lower  sur- 
face darker.  Wing  (male)  93-95,  (female)  90-94;  tail  61-67;  bill  22-25. 

Birds  from  Huachipa,  Peru  are  on  average  somewhat  duller  on  the  rump  and 
brighter  hazel  on  the  chest  than  four  topotypes  from  Zamora. 

aThe  name  is  commonly  attributed  to  SWAINSON  ("Ornith.  Drawings,  pi.  78"), 
but  the  plate  is  not  to  be  found  in  any  of  the  ten  copies  of  that  work  which  I 
consulted,  and  does  not  appear  to  have  been  published. 

b  Birds  from  Villavicencio  merely  approach  S.  a.  zamorae  by  their  longer  tail 
and  more  grayish  throat.  I  cannot  discern  any  constant  color  differences  between  a 
series  from  Trinidad  and  fourteen  from  Venezuela,  although  the  latter  are  slightly 
larger.  Tobago  birds  agree  in  size  with  those  from  Trinidad,  but  have  generally 
rather  paler,  less  rufescent  upper  parts. 

MEASUREMENTS 

MALES  WING  TAIL  BILL 

Four  from  Tobago  83-88  58-63  21-21.5 

Ten  from  Trinidad  81-87  58-64  20-21.5 

Five  from  Bermudez,  Venezuela  9093  63-67  21-23 

Four  from  Carabobo,  Venezuela  87-89  63-65  21-22.5 

Two  from  above  Villavicencio,  Colombia  91,92  68,68  22,22 

FEMALES 

Three  from  Tobago  85-87  58-61  21-22 

Six  from  Trinidad  83-86  58-61  20-22 

One  from  Bermudez,  Venezuela  93  23.5 

Two  from  Carabobo,  Venezuela  87,88  56,62  22 

Two  from  above  Villavicencio,  Colombia  92,92  67,69  22,23.5 


248  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sclerurus  albigularis  propinquus  Bangs*.   SANTA  MARTA  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  albigularis  propinquus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  p.  99,  1899 
— Chirua,  Santa  Marta  Mts.;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  121, 
157,  1900 — Las  Nubes,  Valparaiso;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
14,  p.  297,  1922 — Las  Nubes,  Cincinnati,  LasTaguas,  Las  Vegas,  Pueblo  Viejo, 
Santa  Marta  district. 

Sclerurus  albigularis  ?,  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  177,  1898 — Palomina. 

Range :    Santa  Marta  region,  Colombia. 

Sclerurus  albigularis  canigularis   Ridgway.     GRAY-THROATED   LEAF- 
SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  canigularis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  n,  p.  542,  1889 — Tur- 
rialba,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  p.  24,  1890  (monog.);  idem,  I.e.,  16,  p.  613, 
1893 — Buena  Vista,  Costa  Rica;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  45, 
1902 — Boquete,  Chiriqui;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  645,  1910 — 
Costa  Rica  (crit.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  166,  1911 — 
Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama. 

Sclerurus  albigularis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  114,  1890 — part,  Costa 
Rica. 

Range:    Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui). 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  mexicanus  Sclaterb.    MEXICAN  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  "1856",  p.  290,  Jan.  1857 — 
Cordoba,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  149,  pi.  12, 
1862 — Cordoba;  Coban,  Guatemala;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  115, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a-i,  Cordoba,  Mexico;  Raxche',  Coban,  Savanna  Grande, 
Volcan  de  Agua,  Guatemala;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  25, 
1890 — part,  spec,  from  Mexico  and  Guatemala  only;  idem,  I.e.,  14,  p.  471, 
1891 — Volcan  de  Puca,  Honduras;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  167, 1891 — part,  Mexican  and  Guatemalan  references  only; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  10,  p.  32,  1898 — Jalapa. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  certus  CHUBB",  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  41,  Jan.  1919 — 
Volcan  de  Agua,  above  San  Diego,  Guatemala. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  mexicanus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  166,  1911 — part,  Mexico  to  Honduras;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  210,  1922 — Mexico  to  Honduras  (crit.). 

a  Sclerurus  albigularis  propinquus  BANGS:  Differs  from  S.  a.  albigularis  by  much 
darker  (burnt  umber  instead  of  olive  brown)  upper  parts;  much  deeper  rusty  chest; 
darker  belly;  generally  more  grayish  throat,  etc.  Twelve  specimens  examined. 

This  race  forms  the  transition  to  the  still  darker  5.  a.  canigularis,  of  Costa  Rica. 

b  Sclerurus  m.  mexicanus  is  characterized  by  its  extremely  long,  slender  bill 
(25-27  mm.)  and  by  the  intense  tawny  rufous  of  the  throat  being  extended  all  over 
the  chest. 

0  This  form  is  apparently  not  separable.  Only  one  of  two'  Guatemala  skins  differs 
by  darker,  more  vandyke  brown  upper  parts,  while  the  othetf  as  well  as  an  adult  male 
from  Honduras  (Volcan  de  Puca)  are  indistinguishable  from  Mexican  examples. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  249 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Vera  Cruz  and  Mexico; 
Guatemala;  Honduras  (Volcan  de  Puca). 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  pullus  Bangs*.    DUSKY  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sderurus  mexicanus  pullus  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  45,  1902 — 
Boquete,  Panama  (type  examined);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  p.  1 68,  1911 — western  Panama  and  Costa  Rica. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  (not  of  SCLATER)  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  645, 
1910 — Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui,  Costa  Rica. 

Range:  Caribbean  slope  of  western  Panama  (Boquete,  Chiriqui) 
and  Costa  Rica  (Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui,  Carrillo)b. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  anomalus  Bangs  and  Barbour".    PANAMA  LEAF- 
SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  anomalus  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
65,  p.  209,  1922 — Mount  Sap6,  Panama  (type  examined). 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  (not  of  SCLATER)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  465, 
1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  115,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  n,  Frontino;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  25,  1890 — 
part,  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  167, 
1891 — part,  Lion  Hill,  Panama,  Frontino,  Colombia;  BANGS,  Proc.  New 
Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  26,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon,  Panama  (spec,  examined). 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  mexicanus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  166,  1911 — part,  Panama,  Frontino. 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  520 — Frontino,  western  Andes,  Colombia. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  obscurior  (not  of  HARTERT)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 

•  Sclerurus  mexicanus  pullus  BANGS  :  Similar  to  S.  m.  mexicanus,  but  bill  decidedly 
shorter;  upper  parts  much  darker,  deep  sepia,  the  lower  rump  and  tail-coverts  deep 
chocolate  brown  (instead  of  chestnut  rufous) ;  tawny  rufous  of  throat  and  chest  rather 
deeper;  breast  and  abdomen  much  darker  sepia.  Wing  77-82;  tail  53-60;  bill  20.5- 
23,  once  24.  Material. — Boquete,  Chiriqui  2 .  Costa  Rica:  Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui  4, 
Carrillo  i  (Nov.  20,  1897,  C.  F.  Underwood,  Tring  Museum). 

Birds  from  Costa  Rica,  while  slightly  pointing  towards  5.  m.  mexicanus,  are 
much  nearer  to  pullus. 

b  In  the  absence  of  material  I  am  unable  to  ascertain  whether  birds  from  Veragua 
(Calovevora,  Cordillera  de  ToM,  Santiago)  are  referable  to  5.  m.  pullus  or  S.  m.  ano- 
malus. 

0  Sclerurus  mexicanus  anomalus  BANGS  and  BARBOUR  :  Similar  in  coloration  to 
S.  m.  mexicanus,  except  for  the  brighter  tawny  of  throat  and  chest,  but  with  much 
shorter  and  stouter  bill;  agreeing  in  shape  and  shortness  of  bill  with  S.  m.  pullus, 
but  much  paler  throughout.  Wing  75-84;  tail  51-60;  bill  21-23.5. 

Material. — Panama:  Loma  del  Leon  2,  Mt.  Sap6  2.  Colombia:  Puerto  Val- 
divia  i,  La  Frijolera  i. 

The  only  adult  bird  from  Colombia  (American  Museum  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  133584 
female,  La  Frijolera,  Antioquia,  Dec.  31,  1914,  MILLER  and  BOYLE),  while  agreeing 
with  Panama  examples  in  coloration  of  upper  parts,  approaches  S.  m.  obscurior  by 
the  restriction  of  the  tawny  color  below. 


250  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

N.  H.,  36,  p.  415,  1917 — part,  Puerto  Valdivia,  La  Frijolera,  lower  Cauca; 
Tacarcuna,  Panama  (spec,  examined). 

Sclerurus  guatemalensis  (errore)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  4,  1863 
— Isthmus  of  Panama. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Lion  Hill,  Tacarcuna,  Mt.  Sapo)  and 
adjacent  parts  of  northern  Colombia  (Frontino;  Puerto  Valdivia,  La 
Frijolera,  lower  Cauca,  Prov.  Antioquia). 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  obscurior  Hartert*.    PACIFIC  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  obscurior  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  8,  p.  370,  1901 — Lita,  Prov. 
Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (type  examined);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 
36,  p.  415,  1917 — part,  San  Antonio,  Colombia  (spec,  examined). 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  115,  1890 — part,  spec,  o, 
Intac. 

Range:  Western  Colombia  (San  Antonio)  and  western  Ecuador, 
south  to  Province  El  Oro. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  andinus  Chapman*.    EAST  ANDEAN  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  andinus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  33,  p.  622, 
1914 — Buenavista,  above  Villavicencio,  Colombia  (type  examined). 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  115, 
1890 — part,  spec,  m,  Bogota  (spec,  examined). 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  obscurior  (not  of  HARTERT)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  36,  p.  415,  1917 — part,  Buenavista. 

Range:  Base  of  Eastern  Andes,  Colombia  (Buenavista,  above 
Villavicencio;  also  found  in  "Bogota"  collections). 

*Sclerurus  mexicanus  peruvianus  Chubb0.    PERUVIAN  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  peruvianus  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  41,  1919 — 
Yurimaguas,  Peru  (type  examined). 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 

•  Sclerurus  mexicanus  obscurior  HARTERT:  Nearest  to  S.  m.  anomalus,  but  the 
tawny  throat  area,  instead  of  being  abruptly  defined  posteriorly,  blends  with  the 
mummy  brown  abdomen  through  a  transitional  zone,  the  feathers  of  the  chest  being 
brown  with  dull  tawny  apical  margins ;  chestnut  area  above  restricted  to  upper  tail- 
coverts  and  deeper  in  tone,  more  like  5.  m.  pullus;  back  and  wings  deeper  sepia 
brown;  bill  longer  and  more  slender.  Wing  75-81 ;  tail  51-58;  bill  22-25. 

Material. — Ecuador:  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Lita  (type)  i,  Bulun  i,  Paramba2;  El 
Chiral,  Santa  Rosa-Zaruma  trail,  Prov.. del  Oro  i.  Colombia:  San  Antonio  i. 

b  Sclerurus  mexicanus  andinus  CHAPMAN:  Exceedingly  close  to  S.  m.  obscurior, 
but  upper  parts  and  abdomen  decidedly  paler,  less  rufous,  and  chestnut  uropygial 
area  brighter  as  well  as  more  extensive.  Wing  77-84;  tail  60-64:  bill  23.5-25.  Four 
specimens  from  the  type  locality,  and  two  "Bogota"  skins  examined. 

0  Sclerurus  mexicanus  peruvianus  CHUBB:  Closely  allied  to  5.  m.  andinus,  but 
immediately  recognizable  by  lacking  the  bright  chestnut  rufous  uropygial  area,  the 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  251 

p.  750,  755 — Yurimaguas;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  115,  1884 — Yuri- 
maguas;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  13,  p.  115,  1890 — part,  spec,  p,  q, 
Sarayacu  (Ecuador),  Yurimaguas  (Peru). 

Range :  Eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu,  Zamora)  and  Peru  (Yurima- 
guas, Dept.  Loreto;  Puerto  Bermudez,  Ucayali  drainage,  Dept.  Junin). 

i:    Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez  i). 
*Sclerurus  mexicanus  macconnelli  Chubb*.    GUIANAN  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  macconnelli  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  41,  1919 — 
Ituribisei  River,  British  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  92,  1921 — 
Ituribisci  River,  Ourumee,  Brit.  Guiana  (spec,  examined). 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
p.  574 — Rio  Capim  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  115, 
1890 — part,  spec,  s,  Capim;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  91,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Capim  River;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  332,  1914 — Peixe-Boi,  Para  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  from  Maran- 
hao (Rosario)  and  Para  (Peixe-Boi,  Rio  Capim)  to  the  Tapajoz  (Col- 
onia  do  Mojuy,  Miritituba,  Apacy,  Villa  Braga,  Itaituba). 

i:    Brazil,  Maranhao  (Rosario  i). 
Sclerurus  mexicanus  bahiae  Chubb*.    BAHIA  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  bahiae  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  42,  1919 — Bahia, 
Brazil  (type  examined). 

upper  tail-coverts  being  just  a  slight  shade  more  rufescent  than  the  back.    Wing 
78-81 ;  tail  53-61;  bill  22-24. 

Material. — Peru:  Yurimaguas  (type)  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  i.  Ecuador:  Zamora, 
Prov.  de  Loja  i  (American  Museum  Nat.  Hist.,  No.  167369). 

a  Sclerurus  mexicanus  macconnelli  CHUBB:  Not  unlike  S.  m.  anomalus  in  having 
an  extensive  chestnut  rufous  area  on  the  rump,  and  the  throat  and  chest  bright 
tawny  rufous;  but  tail  longer,  bill  longer  and  more  slender,  upper  parts  and  abdo- 
men much  paler  and  more  olivaceous.  From  its  geographical  neighbors  S.  m.  andinus 
and  5.  m.  peruvianus,  it  can  easily  be  distinguished  by  the  much  more  intense  tawny 
rufous  throat  area  being  carried  well  over  the  chest,  the  much  more  olivaceous  gen- 
eral coloration,  and  from  peruvianus,  in  addition,  by  the  bright  chestnut  rufous  uro- 
pygial  zone.  Wing  78-86;  tail  58-65;  bill  22-25. 

Material. — Tamanoir,  Mana  River,  French  Guiana  2.  Ourumee,  British  Guiana  i. 
Brazil,  Para:  Peixe-Boi  i,  Rio  Capim  i,  Colonia  do  Mojuy  4,  Miritituba  i,  Apagy  i, 
Villa  Braga  2,  Itatituba  i;  Maranhao,  Rosario  i. 

b  Sclerurus  mexicanus  bahiae  CHUBB:  Differs  from  5.  m.  macconnelli  by  much 
darker,  almost  chocolate  brown  upper  parts;  deep  rufous  brown  rump,  less  contrast- 
ing with  color  of  back;  decidedly  deeper  tawny  throat  and  chest,  and  much  darker, 
sepia  instead  of  olivaceous  brown  abdomen.  Wing  85-86;  tail  63-64;  bill  23-24. 
Three  Bahia  skins,  the  type  in  the  British,  one  in  the  Paris,  and  one  in  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York,  examined. 


252  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sclerurus  mexicanus  (not  of  SCLATER)  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12, 
p.  25,  1890 — part,  spec,  ex  Bahia  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  115,  1890 — part,  spec,  t,  Bahia. 

Range:    Eastern  Brazil  (State  of  Bahia). 

Sclerurus  ruf igularis  rufigularis  Pelzeln*.   SHORT-BILLED  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  rufigularis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  87,  161,  1868 — part,  Borba,  Rio 
Madeira  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined) b;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
p.  364,  1906 — part,  Borba,  Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Pard  (crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  17, 
P-  323,  1910 — part,  Borba,  Pard  district;  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  91,  1912 — Sao  Antonio,  Pard;  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  332,  1914 — part,  Pard,  Mocajatuba,  Providencia, 
Ananindeua,  Benevides,  Peixe-Boi,  Pard  dist. ;  Cameta,  Rio  Tocantins. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Para  to  the 
Rio  Purus. 

Sclerurus  rufigularis  fulvigularis  Todd*.    OCHREOUS-THROATED  LEAF- 
SCRAPER. 

Sderurus  rufigularis  fulvigularis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  33,  p.  74,  1920 — 
Tamanoir,  French  Guiana  (type  examined). 

Sclerurus  rufigularis  (not  of  PELZELN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  87,  161,  1868 
— part,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
13,  p.  364,  1906 — part,  Marabitanas;  Takutu  and  Carimang  Rivers,  Ourumee, 
Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana;  Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana; 
idem,  l.c.,  17,  p.  323,  1910 — part,  Marabitanas,  Guianas;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e., 
15,  p.  147,  1908 — Ipousin,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  p-  332,  1914 — part,  Obidos;  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  p.  133,  1917 — 
Bartica,  Brit.  Guiana;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  92,  1921 — Supenaam, 
Makauria,  Anarica,  Carimang  River,  Ourumee,  Takutu  R.,  Bartica  Grove. 

•  Sclerurus  rufigularis  rufigularis  PELZELN:  Superficially  resembling  S.  mexicanus 
macconnclli,  also  found  on  the  lower  Amazon,  but  bill  much  shorter  and  slenderer; 
chestnut  uropygial  area  duller  and  less  extensive;  throat  and  chest  much  paler,  cin- 
namon tawny  rather  than  tawny  rufous.  Wing  78-82;  tail  59-68;  bill  16.5-18.5. 

Material. — Para:  Benevides  5,  Sao  Antonio  do  Prata  i,  Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapa- 
joz  i;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  (type)  i;  Arina,  R.  Punis  i,  Hyutanahan,  R.  Purus  2. 

b  Pelzeln's  original  description  covjers  both  S.  r.  rufigularis  (an  adult  female  from 
Borba),  and  S.  rufigularis  fulvigularis  (two  males  from  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro), 
as  examination  of  the  material  in  the  Vienna  Museum  disclosed.  We,  therefore, 
formally  designate  No.  20236  9  ad.,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  June  22,  1830,  J.  Nat- 
terer,  as  type. 

c  Sclerurus  rufigularis  fulvigularis  TODD:  Differs  from  5.  r.  rufigularis  by  much 
paler,  warm  buff  to  ochraceous  buff  (instead  of  cinnamon  tawny)  throat,  this  color 
passing  into  dull  ochraceous  tawny  on  malar  region,  foreneck  and  chest,  the  latter 
obsoletely  flammulated  with  buff.  In  S.  r.  rufigularis  these  parts  are  much  darker, 
between  cinnamon  rufous  and  tawny,  and  the  markings  on  tie  chest  are  but  rarely 
suggested  by  faint  hair-like  shaft  lines.  Wing  76-82;  tail  56-64;  bill  16-19. 

Material. — French  Guiana:  Tamanoir  6,  Pied  Saut,  Oyapock  3,  Ipousin,  Rio 
Approuague  i.  British  Guiana:  Rio  Carimang  2,  Rio  Takutu  i,  Ourumee  i,  Bartica 
Grove  i.  Venezuela:  Upper  Caura  i.  Brazil:  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  2,  Demonti, 
Oyapock,  i,  Obidos  4. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  253 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  116, 
1890 — part,  spec,  e,  h,  i,  Bartica,  Carimang  River  (spec,  examined);  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  419 — part,  Bartica  Grove  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  eastern  Venezuela  (Caura 
Valley);  northern  Brazil,  north  of  the  Amazon  (Obidos;  Marabitanas, 
Rio  Negro). 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  caudacutus   ( Vieillot}.     BLACK-TAILED   LEAF- 
SCRAPER. 

Thamnophilus  caudacutus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  &L,  3,  p.  310, 
1816 — "la  Guyane"  =  French  Guiana;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  419 — part,  Cama- 
cusa,  Mei-urne"  Mts.,  Rio  Atapurow;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12, 
p.  27,  1890 — Cayenne;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  116,  1890 — part, 
spec,  b,  d,  f,  g,  j,  k,  Cayenne,  Merume'  Mts.,  Rio  Atapurow,  Camacusa,  Rio 
Carimang  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  147,  1908 — Cay- 
enne; BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  p.  133,  1917 — Bartica,  Brit.  Guiana; 
CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  91,  1921 — British  Guiana. 

Myothera  longirostris  (CuviER  MS.)  LAFRESNAYE,  Mag.  Zool.,  2,  cl.  2,  text  to 
pl-  7  [p-  3»  footnote],  1832 — new  name  for  Thamnophilus  caudacutus  VIEILLOT. 

Sclerurus  brunneus  (not  of  SCLATER  1857)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  149, 
1862 — part,  spec,  b,  Cayenne. 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  caudacutus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  56,  1907— Cay- 
enne, Brit.  Guiana  (crit.). 

Range :    French  and  British  Guianaa. 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  umbretta  (Lichtensteiri)*.    SPINY  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Myiothera  umbretta  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  43,  1823 — 
Bahia  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined;  =juv.). 

Tinactor  fuscus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1106,  1831 — part,  descr.  of 
male  only,  and  hab.  Rio  Belmonte,  Bahia  (type  in  American  Museum  Nat. 
Hist,  examined;  =juv.). 

Sclerurus  lawrencei  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  "1889",  p.  28,  Feb. 
1890 — Bahia  (type  in  American  Museum  Nat.  Hist,  examined;  =  adult). 

Myioturdus  umbretta  MENETRIES,  Me"m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P£tersb.,  (6)  3,  Part  2  (Sci. 
Nat.),  p.  468,  1835 — Bahia  (ex  LICHTENSTEIN). 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

B  Seven  British  Guiana  birds  have  the  throat  more  buffy  with  fewer  dusky  edges 
than  a  single  Cayenne  skin.  This  little  known  form  requires  further  study. 

b  Sclerurus  caudacutus  umbretta  (LICHTENSTEIN)  :  Differs  from  S.  c.  caudacutus, 
of  Guiana,  by  pure  white  throat,  each  feather  with  a  narrow,  dusky  brown  apical 
margin;  less  rufescent  chest  (which  is  dull  tawny  brown,  much  like  the  sides  of  the 
head) ;  more  brownish  breast,  abdomen,  and  upper  parts. 

Material. — Espirito  Santo  2,  Bahia  3,  Igarape-Assu,  Pard  i,  Capim  River  i, 
Villa  Braga,  Tapaj6z  3,  Tucunare1,  Rio  Jamauchim  i,  Borba  i,  Calama  4,  Maroins, 
Rio  Machados  i. 


254  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1867,  p.  573 — Rio  Capim  (spec,  examined);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  86, 
1868 — part,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  116,  1890 — part,  spec,  c  "Brazils"  (=Bahia),  1,  Capim  River 
(spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  279,  1905 — Igarape"- Assu ; 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  507,  1908 — Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapajdz  (spec, 
examined). 

Sclerurus  fuscus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  242,  1889  (note  on  Wied's 
"male"  type);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.-S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  28,  1890 — part,  descr. 
of  type  of  Tinactor  fuscus  only". 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  umbrella  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  56,  1907 — eastern 
Brazil  from  Bahia  to  Para,  west  to  Borba  (crit.,  diag.);  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  323, 
1910 — Calama,  Maroins,  Rio  Madeira  (range);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys. 
Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  91,  1912 — Igarape"-Assu,  Capim,  Para; 
idem,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  p.  143,  1915 — Braco  do  Sul,  Porto 
Cachoeira,  Espirito  Santo;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  332,  1914 — 
Peixe-Boi,  Arumatheua,  Villa  Braga,  Rio  Jamauchim;  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  99,  1920 — Ilhe"os-Belmonte,  Prov.  Bahia. 

Sclerurus  umbrella  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  244,  1907 — 
Porto  Cachoeira,  Esp.  Santo  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Eastern  and  northern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Espirito  Santo 
and  Bahia,  and  on  the  south  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon,  from  Para  to 
the^Rio  Madeirab. 

*Sclerurus  caudacutus  brunneus  Sclater0.    BROWN  LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  brunneus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  p.  17,  June  1857 — Bogota  (type 
examined;  =juv.);  idem,  I.e.,  26,  p.  62,  1858 — Rio  Napo,  Ecuador;  idem,  Cat. 
Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  149,  1862 — part,  spec,  a,  Bogota;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  1 1 6,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  c-g,  Bogota,  Sarayacu  (Ecuador), 
Chyavetas,  Yurimaguas,  Iquitos  (Peru)  (spec,  examined);  SALVADORI  and 
FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  23,  1899 — Rio  Santiago,  Ecua- 
dor (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  436,  1905 — Rio  Jurua; 

*  As  pointed  out  by  me  (Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  57,  1907),  Mr.  Ridgway  made  a  mis- 
take in  allocating  the  Rio  Itabapuana.  On  lately  examining  the  "male"  type  of 
Tinactor  fuscus  WIED,  I  found  my  surmise  of  its  being  a  young  bird  of  umbrella  to 
be  quite  correct.  There  is  hardly  any  doubt  that  it  was  taken  somewhere  in  the 
State  of  Bahia  where  Lichtenstein's  original  example  also  came  from. 

b  A  single  adult  from  Para  (Igarap£-Assu)  appears  to  me  inseparable  from  Bahia 
specimens.  Birds  from  the  Tapaj6z  (Villa  Braga)  and  Rio  Madeira  are  somewhat 
variable,  some  being  quite  indistinguishable  from  the  type  of  S.  lawrencei,  while 
others  closely  approach  5.  c.  brunneus,  if  the  latter  can  be  maintained. 

0  Sclerurus  caudacutus  brunneus  SCLATER:  Exceedingly  close  to  5.  c.  umbrella, 
but  front  and  sides  of  head  raw  umber,  with  hardly  any  rufescent  tinge,  and  chest 
much  less  shaded  with  tawny. 

This  form  hardly  deserves  recognition,  but  more  satisfactory  material  should  be 
examined  before  it  is  condemned.  At  all  events  I  am  quite  unable  to  discover  what- 
soever differences  between  Peruvian  (olivascens)  and  Colombian  specimens. 

Material. — Bogota  i,  Rio  Meta  i,  Marabitanas  2,  Rio  Santiago,  Ecuador  2, 
Teffe'  i,  Chyavetas  i,  Yurimaguas  i,  Marcapata  i,  Moyobamba  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  255 

CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  415,  1917 — La  Murelia,  La  Flor- 
encia,  Caqueta  region,  Colombia. 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  var.,  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  86,  1868 — Marabitanas, 
Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined). 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  750 — Yurimaguas,  Chyavetas  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1873, 
p.  269 — same  localities;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  114,  1884 — part, 
Yurimaguas,  Chyavetas. 

Sclerurus  olivascens  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  67,  1873 — Monterico,  Aya- 
cucho;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  526 — Monterico;  idem,  Orn. 
Pe"r.,  2,  p.  115,  1884 — Monterico. 

Sclerurus  caudacutus  brunneus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  56,  58,  1907 — 
Teff£,  Rio  Solimoes  (crit.,  range);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  333, 
1914  (range). 

Sclerurus  umbretta  brunneus  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  244, 
1907 — Rio  Jurud. 

Sclerurus  fuscus  (not  of  WIED)  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  28*  1890 — 
part,  spec,  ex  Rio  Napo. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Caqueta 
region)  through  eastern  Ecuador  to  Peru  (south  to  Monterico,  Dept. 
Ayacucho,  and  Marcapata,  Dept.  Cuzco),  east  to  western  Brazil  (Mara- 
bitanas, Rio  Negro;  Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes;  Rio  Jurua). 

i:    Peru  (Moyobamba  i). 

*Sclerurus   guatemalensis   guatemalensis    (Hartlaub).     GUATEMALAN 
LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Tinactor  guatemalensis  HARTLAUB,  Rev.  Zool.,  7,  p.  370,  1844 — Guatemala. 

Sclerurus  guatemalensis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  354 — 
Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  117,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  b, 
Choctum,  Vera  Paz,  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  30, 
1890 — Guatemala  to  Isthmus  of  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  168,  pi.  44,  fig.  i,  1891 — part,  Guatemala,  Costa  Rica, 
Panama;  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  498,  1893 — Rio  Escon- 
dido,  Nicaragua;  LANTZ,  Trans.  Kansas  Ac.  Sci.,  16,  p.  221,  1899 — Chaloma, 
Honduras;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  26,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon, 
Panama;  idem,  Auk,  24,  p.  299,  1907 — Boruca,  Paso  Real,  Pozo  del  Rio 
Grande,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  646,  1910 — 
Bonilla,  La  Concepcion  de  Jimenez,  La  Vijagua,  Cerro  de  Santa  Maria,  El 
General  de  Terraba,  El  Hogar,  El  Pozo,  Boruca,  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  169,  1911 — Mexico  to  Panama;  STONE,  Proc. 
Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  p.  262,  1918 — Gatun,  Panama  (nest  and  egg). 

Sclerurus  guatemalensis  guatemalensis  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  p.  210,  1922 — Mt.  Sap6,  Rio  Esndpe,  Jesusito,  Darien  (crit.). 


256  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range :  Southeastern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Vera  Cruz  and  Tabasco, 
south  through  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica  to 
eastern  Panama  (Canal  Zone,  Darien)a. 

5:  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  2);  Costa  Rica  (Bor- 
uca  i,  Palmar  2). 

*Sclerurus   guatemalensis    salvini   Salvador*   and    Festab.     SALVIN'S 
LEAF-SCRAPER. 

Sclerurus  salvini  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  23,  1899 — Rio  Peripa,  Ecuador  (type  examined). 

Sclerurus  guatemalensis  salvini  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  615,  1902 — San  Javier, 
Bulun,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  (spec,  examined). 

Sclerurus  brunneus  (not  of  SCLATER  1857)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  116,  1890 — part,  spec,  b,  Balzar,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Sclerurus  guatemalensis  (not  of  HARTLAUB)  SCLATER,  I.e.,  p.  117,  1890 — part  c, 
Santa  Rita,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  169,  note*,  1891 — part,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Pacific  coast  of  Ecuador  (from  Prov.  Esmeraldas  south  to 
Guayas),  and  probably  Colombia  (Rio  Ingador)8. 

i:    Ecuador  (Carondelet,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i). 

Genus  LOCHMIAS  Swainson. 

Lochmias  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  No.  u,  p.  355,  1827 — generic  characters 
only;  type  by  subs,  desig.  (SWAINSON,  Orn.  Draw.,  Part  3,  pi.  33,  1836) 
Lochmias  squamulata  SWAINSON  =  Myiothera  nematura  LICHTENSTEIN. 

Picertkia  Is.  GEOFFROY  SAINT-HILAIRE,  Nouv.  Ann.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  392, 
1832 — type  Furnarius  sancti-hilarii  LESSON  =  Myiothera  nematura  LICHTEN- 
STEIN. 

Lochmia  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  320,  July  1837 — type  Lochmia  squamu- 
lata SWAINSON. 

a  According  to  BANGS  and  BARBOUR  (I.e.,)  birds  from  Darien  are,  as  a  rule,  darker, 
thus  pointing  somewhat  toward  S.  g.  salvini. 

b  Sclerurus  guatemalensis  salvini  SALVADORI  and  FESTA:  Similar  to  S.  g.  guate- 
malensis, but  upper  parts  very  much  darker,  chocolate  rather  than  Vandyke  brown; 
upper  tail-coverts  darker  than  the  back,  almost  blackish  brown  (instead  of  dull 
rufous  brown  as  in  S.  g.  guatemalensis);  chest  more  strongly  tinged  with  tawny, 
though  marked  in  a  similar  way;  breast  and  abdomen  decidedly  deeper  sepia  brown. 
Wing  80-86;  tail  56-62;  bill  22-24. 

Material. — Ecuador:  Rio  Peripa  i,  Santa  Rita  i,  Balzar  i,  San  Javier  3,  Bulun  2, 
Carondelet  2. 

0  I  have  very  little  doubt  that  the  young  bird  from  the  Rio  Ingador,  Pacific 
Colombia,  referred  to  by  various  authors  under  the  name  of  Sclerurus  brunneus 
(CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  193;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
12,  p.  29,  1890;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr:-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  168,  1891) 
will  prove  to  belong  to  S.  guatemalensis  salvini. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  257 

Hydrolegus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  74,  1901 — type  Hydrolegus  silvestri~ 
anus  BERTONI  =  Myiothera  nematura  LICHTENSTEIN. 

Lochmias  nematura  nematura  (Lichtenstein) .    SHARP-TAILED  CREEPER. 

Myiothera  nematura  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  43,  1823 — 
S5o  Paulo. 

Furnarius  sancti-hilarii  LESSON,  Traite  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  307,  Sept.  1830 — 
Brazil  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Lochmias  squamulata  SWAINSON,  Orn.  Draw.,  Part  3,  pi.  33,  1836. 

Lochmias  wewatera  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tlbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  6,  1856 — Congon- 
has,  Minas  Geraes;  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  248,  1860 — Parana,  Entrerios; 
idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  462,  1861 — Parana;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i, 
p.  35,  1868 — Mattodentro,  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo;  Curytiba,  Parana;  EULER, 
Journ.  Orn.,  15,  p.  189,  194,  198,  399,  1867 — Cantagallo,  Rio  (nest  and  eggs 
descr.);  CABANIS,  I.e.,  22,  p.  86,  1874 — Cantagallo;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk. 
Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  387 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas;  Faz.Rozario, 
near  Novo  Friburgo,  Pirahy,  Rio;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn., 
2,  p.  142,  1885 — Taquara,  Arroio  Grande,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  174,  1888 — Parana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  28,  1890 — part,  Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  in, 
1893 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1894,  p.  490 — Rio  de  Janeiro 
(breeding  habits);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  220,  1899 — Piquete, 
Ipiranga,  Piracicaba,  SSo  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo, 
Novo  Friburgo;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  242  (nest);  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  16,  p.  128,  1899 — Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  25,  p.  134,  1902 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  229, 
1907 — Piquete,  Campo  do  Jordao,  Ilha  de  Sao  SebastiSo,  Itarar6,  Ubatuba, 
Sao  Paulo;  Ourinho,  Parana;  LUDERWALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  27,  p.  351, 
1909 — Campo  Itatiaya;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  523 — Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  291,  1910 — Entrerios,  Paraguay; 
idem,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  329,  1914 — range  in  Argentina;  TREMOLERAS, 
El  Hornero,  2,  p.  19,  1920 — Montevideo,  Canelones,  Uruguay. 

Lochmias  nematura  nematura  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  65,  1906 — Serra  d'Estrella,  Rio  de  Janeiro;  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  15,  p.  58,  1908 — Goyaz;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23, 
p.  307,  1912 — Paso  Yuvay,  Paraguay;  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12, 
p.  140,  1915 — Braco  do  Sul,  Espirito  Santo. 

Hydrolegus  silvestrianus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  74,  1901 — Alto  Parana. 

Range:  Southern  Brazil,  north  to  Matto  Grosso,  Goyaz,  and  Minas 
Geraes;  Uruguay;  Paraguay;  northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones,  En- 
trerios) . 

Lochmias    nematura    castanonota    Chubb*.      GUIANA    SHARP-TAILED 

CREEPER. 
Lochmias  nematura  castanonota  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  38,  p.  87,  1918 — 

'•Lochmias  nematura  castanonota  CHUBB:  "Differs  from  L.  n,  nematura  in  being 
rich  chestnut  brown  above  instead  of  dusky  olive,  less  white  below,  especially  on  the 


258  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

"Araparu  River"  in  the  Kukenam  Mts.,  British  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit. 
Guiana,  2,  p.  89,  1921 — Aruparu  River. 

Lochmias  nematura  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  418 — Kukenam 
Mts.;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  28,  1890 — part,  spec,  e,  "River 
Arranparu,"  Kukenam,  Brit.  Guiana. 

Range:    British  Guiana  (Kukenam  Mountains). 

*Lochmias  nematura  obscurata   Cdbanis*.     PERUVIAN  SHARP-TAILED 
CREEPER. 

Lochmias  obscurata  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  65,  1873 — Monterico,  n.e.  Aya- 
cucho,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  526 — Monterico;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  619 — Baganti,  Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per., 
2,  p.  113,  1884 — Monterico;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  401 
(in  text),  1917 — Inca  Mines  =Santo  Domingo,  Peru;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  117,  p.  82,  1921 — Santa  Ana. 

Lochmias  sororia  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  28,  1890 
— part,  spec,  e,  Baganti,  Bolivia;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13, 
p.  91,  1906 — Santa  Ana. 

Range:    Peru  (in  depts.  Ayacucho,  Huanuco,  Cuzco,  and  Puno), 
and  Bolivia  (western  Yungas). 

i:    Peru  (Chinchao  i). 


Lochmias  nematura  sororia  Sclater  and  Salvin*.     NORTHERN  SHARP- 
TAILED  CREEPER. 

Lochmias  sororia  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  511 — Venezuela  = 
vicinity  of  Caracas;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  28,  1890 — part, 
spec,  a-d,  Venezuela,  Bogota,  Sarayacu,  Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  401,  1917 — Miraflores,  central  Andes;  Buena  Vista,  east- 
ern Andes,  Colombia. 

flanks,  the  white  shaft  streaks  on  under  tail-coverts  almost  obsolete,  and  in  smaller 
size.   Wing  64;  tail  43  mm."    (CHUBB,  I.e.). 

This  form  which  we  have  not  seen  is  known  from  a  single  female  shot  by  the  late 
Henry  Whitely,  Jr.,  on  the  Aruparu  River,  Kukenam  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana,  at  an 
elevation  of  5,000  ft.  According  to  the  description,  it  would  seem  to  be  intermediate 
between  nematura  and  sororia,  combining  the  whitish  superciliary  streak  of  the  former 
with  the  general  coloration  of  the  latter. 

•  Lochmias  nematura  obscurata  CABANIS:  Differs  from  L.  n.  nematura  by  much 
darker,  less  brownish  coloration,  by  lacking  the  whitish  superciliary  streak  and  by 
the  reduction  of  the  white  spots  underneath.  Wing  78-80;  tail  53-55;  bill  22-23. 
Three  specimens  from  Peru  and  Bolivia  examined. 

b  Lochmias  nematura  sororia  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Resembling  L.  n.  obscurata 
in  absence  of  whitish  superciliary  streak,  but  much  brighter  chestnut  brown  above, 
with  sides  of  head  and  neck  and  flanks  much  more  rufous  brown,  and  the  white 
spots  below  much  larger.  Wing  75-77;  tail  50-54;  bill  22-23.  Two  specimens  from 
Bogotd  and  two  from  eastern  Ecuador,  but  none  from  the  type  locality  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  259 

Lochmias  obscurata  (not  of  CABANIS)  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1885,  p.  94 — Machay,  Ecuador. 

Lochmias  nematura  obscurata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  65,  1906 — Bogotd  (crit.). 

Range:  Venezuela  (vicinity  of  Caracas);  Colombia  (central  and 
eastern  Andes) ;  eastern  Ecuador  (Machay,  Sarayacu) . 

FAMILY  DENDROCOLAPTIDAE. 

WOOD-HEWERS. 
Genus  DENDROCOLAPTES  Hermann. 

Dendrocolaptes  HERMANN,  Observ.  Zool.,  p.  135,  1804 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(SWAINSON,  Mem.  Wern.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.,  3,  p.  292,  1821)  "Gracula  cayennen- 
sis,  of  LINNAEUS"  [=GMELIN]  =Picus  certhia  BODDAERT. 

Dendrocopus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  nouv.  Ornith.  61£m.,  p.  45,  1816 — type  by  subs, 
desig.  (SCLATER,  1890)  "Le  Picucule"  of  BUFFON  =  Picus  certhia  BODDAERT. 

Dendrocops  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  314,  July  1837 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Dendrocolaptes  platyrostris  SPIX. 

Orthocolaptes  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  p.  269,  1840 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (SCLATER, 
1890)  Gracula  cayennensis  GMELIN  =  Picus  certhia  BODDAERT. 

Premnocopus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  339,  1847 — new  name  for 
Dendrocops  SWAINSON. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  concolor  Pelzeln.    PELZELN'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  concolor  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  43,  62,  1868 — [Villa  Bella  de] 
Matto  Grosso,  Salto  do  Girao  and  Borba,  Rio  Madeira*  (spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  174,  1890 — Borba; 
(?)SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  345,  1914 — part,  Rio  Xingu  (Victoria), 
Tamucury  (south  bank  of  Amazon,  east  of  Santarem),  Rio  Jamauchim 
(Tucunare)  . 

Dendrocolaptes  obsoletus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN,  1820)  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  10,  "1887",  p.  527,  1888 — Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z 
(type  examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  ridgwayi  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  282,  1905 — new 
name  for  Dendrocolaptes  obsoletus  RIDGWAY,  preoccupied. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  concolor  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  336,  1910 — Borba 
and  Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira. 

•  Natterer,  its  discoverer,  having  obtained  six  specimens  at  Borba,  and  one  each 
at  Villa  Bella  de  Matto  Grosso  and  Salto  do  Girao,  we  designate  Borba,  Rio  Madeira 
as  type  locality. 

b  It  must  remain  doubtful  if  the  localities  quoted  above  really  refer  to  the  present 
species.  Examples  from  Villa  Braga,  marked  "concolor"  by  Miss  Snethlage,  which  I 
have  seen  in  the  Tring  Museum,  turn  out  to  belong  to  D.  hoffmannsi. 


260  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  (not  of  BODDAERT)  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  p.  27, 
1891 — Diamantina,  near  Santarem. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Rio 
Madeira  and  its  head-waters  (Rio  Guapore",  near  Villa  Bella  de  Matto 
Grosso)  east  to  the  Tapajoz*. 

*Dendrocolaptes  certhia  medius  Toddb.    PARA  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  medius  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  33,  p.  74,  1920 — 
Benevides,  Para,  Brazil. 

Dendrocolaptes  cayennensis  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  575 — Para. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  173, 
1890 — part,  spec.  1,  m,  Para;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  282,  1905 — 
Igarape"-Assu,  Magoary,  Pard;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  344,  1914 
— part,  Para,  Providencia,  Apehu,  Peixe-Boi,  Rio  Guamd  (Santa  Maria  do 
Sao  Miguel),  Rio  Tocantins  (Cametd). 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  certhia  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  124,  1906 — part,  spec,  f,  Pard;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
p.  366,  1906 — S.  Antonio  do  Prata;  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  41,  92,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  and  Pard  localities;  BEEBE, 
Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  2,  p.  63,  88,  1916 — Utinga,  near  Para. 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Maranhao  and  Para, 
west  to  the  Tocantins". 

4:    Brazil,  Maranhao  (Tury-assu  4). 

*Dendrocolaptes  certhia  certhia  (Boddaert).    BUFFON'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Picus  certhia  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  p.  38,  1783 — based  on  "Le  Picucule,  de 
Cayenne"  DAUBENTON,  PI.  enl.  621,  Cayenne. 

Gracula  cayennensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (i),  p.  399,  1788 — based  on  DAUBEN- 
TON, PI.  enl.  621,  Cayenne. 

Gracula  scandens  LATHAM,  Ind.  Orn.,  i,  p.  193,  1790 — based  on  DAUBENTON, 
PI.  enl.  621,  Cayenne. 

Dendrocolaptes  communis  LESSON,  Traite  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  312,  pi.  72,  fig.  2, 
Sept.  1830 — "Guiane". 

*  Recent  examination  of  a  considerable  series  from  Santarem  and  the  left  bank 
of  the  Tapaj6z  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  shows  D.  c.  ridgwayi  to  be  inseparable  from 
concolor.  There  is  so  much  individual  variation  in  color  of  maxilla,  tinge  of  lower 
parts,  and  amount  of  dusky  markings  on  foreneck  and  smaller  upper  wing-coverts, 
that  none  of  these  characters  can  be  relied  upon  for  racial  distinction. 

b  Dendrocolaptes  certhia  medius  TODD  :  Similar  to  D.  c.  certhia,  but  throat  more 
whitish  (less  buff) ;  under  parts  paler,  less  rufescent,  with  the  dusky  cross  bars  nar- 
rower and  less  distinct;  bill  more  blackish. 

Material  examined. — A  large  series  from  the  Para  district  and  four  specimens  from 
western  Maranhao  (Tury-assu). 

0  The  locality  "Pernambuco"  is  most  certainly  erroneous. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  261 

Dendrocolaptes  graculus  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  Tabl.  me"th.,  p.  66,  Jan.  1839 — 
based  on  "Le  Picucule,  de  Cayenne"  DAUBENTON,  PL  enl.  621. 

Premnocopus  undulatus  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  689, 
1848 — Canuku  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana. 

Dendrocolaptes  cayennensis  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  1818 — 
19,  p.  201,  1820 — based  on  "Le  Picucule,  de  Cayenne"  DAUBENTON,  PL  enl. 
621. 

Dendrocops  cayennensis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  321,  1851 — 
part,  descr.  of  supposed  juvenile  plumage  (p.  323)  from  Cayenne. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  43,  1868 — Forte  do  Rio  Branco 
and  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos],  No.  963  (juv.),  part  (spec,  examined); 
SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  421 — Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Merume  Mts.,  Ror- 
aima,  Brit.  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  173,  1890 — part, 
spec,  b-k,  Roraima,  Camacusa,  Bartica  Grove,  Demerara  (Brit.  Guiana), 
Albina  (Surinam);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  68,  1902 — 
Nericagua,  Mataben,  Munduapo  (R.  Orinoco),  Suapure,  Nicare,  La  Pricion 
(Caura  R.),  Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10, 
p.  179,  1904 — Camopi,  French  Guiana  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov. 
Zool.,  15,  p.  150,  1908 — Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana  (spec, 
examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  344,  1914 — part,  Rio  Jary 
(S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro);  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  271,  1916 — Caura  and  Orinoco  Rivers;  BANGS 
and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  65,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo 
and  Lelydorp,  Surinam;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  132,  1921 — British 
Guiana. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  certhia  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  124,  1906 — part,  spec,  a-e,  Camopi,  Merume"  Mts.,  Cayenne. 

Dendrocolaptes  radiolatus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  1867)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  174,  1890 — part,  spec,  g-h,  Carimang  River,  British  Guiana 
(spec,  examined). 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Caura  and  Orinoco  basin,  up  to  Munduapo,  Mataben,  and  Nericagua) ; 
northern  Brazil,  south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon  (Rio 
Jary,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda,  Manaos)a. 

i:    Brazil  (Conceicao,  Rio  Branco  i). 

•  Taken  as  a  whole,  the  birds  inhabiting  the  area  circumscribed  above,  agree 
fairly  well  together.  There  is,  of  course,  some  individual  variation  in  the  amount 
of  barring  below,  and  examples  with  slight  traces  of  broken  dusky  cross  lines  on  the 
back  are  not  uncommon  in  the  Guianas,  Venezuela,  as  well  as  on  the  north  bank  of. 
the  lower  Amazon.  The  gap  between  certhia  and  radiolatus  is  bridged  by  certain  in- 
dividuals from  British  Guiana,  notably  a  couple  from  the  River  Carimang  (actually 
referred  to  radiolatus  by  the  late  P.  L.  Sclater),  two  from  Bartica  Grove,  and  a 
male  from  the  Merume'  Mts.  Two  birds  from  Mataben,  upper  Orinoco  approach 
radiolatus  even  more  closely,  and  differ  from  Peruvian  specimens  only  by  somewhat 
narrower  bars  above  and  less  ochraceous  ground  color  of  the  under  parts;  but  six 
other  skins  from  the  same  region  (Munduapo,  Nericagua)  are  much  less  banded  and 
cannot  be  distinguished  from  the  normal  type  of  certhia. 

Plate  621  of  Daubenton's  "Planches  enlumine'es"  upon  which  the  specific  name 
was  based,  is  a  very  satisfactory  representation  of  the  present  species.  Later  it  was 


262  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  juruanus  Ihering*.    IHERING'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  juruanus  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  "1904",  p.  437,  May 
1905 — Rio  Jurua  (types  examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  cayennensis  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  p.  265, 
1857 — Ega,  Rio  Solimoes. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  (not  of  BODDAERT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  43,  1868 — 
Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro,  No.  963  (juv.)  part  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  173,  1890 — part,  spec,  u,  Ega. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  juruanus  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
p.  256,  1907 — Rio  Jurua;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  15,  1908 — Cachoeira 
and  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
P-  345 1  19*4 — same  localities. 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil,  from  the  upper  Rio  Negro  (Mara- 
bitanas) south  to  the  rivers  Jurua  and  Punis. 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  polyzonus  Toddb.    BOLIVIAN  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  polyzonus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  173,  1913 — 
Prov.  del  Sara,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Range:  Northern  Bolivia,  on  the  north  slope  of  the  Andes  of  Cocha- 
bamba  (Rio  Yapacani,  Rio  Surutu). 

regarded  and  described  (by  Levaillant  and  Lafresnaye)  as  the  juvenile  plumage  of 
D.  picumnus  (plagosus),  and,  as  late  as  1868,  Pelzeln  perpetrated  the  same  error. 
It  is  now  an  established  fact  that  the  two  birds  constitute  perfectly  distinct  species. 
Material  examined. — French  Guiana  5.  British  Guiana:  Demarara  3,  Annai  2, 
Essequibo  River  i,  Merume'  Mts.  2,  Bartica  Grove  2,  Carimang  River  2.  Venezuela: 
Caura  River  (Suapure,  Nicare,  La  Pricion)  6;  Rio  Orinoco,  Mataben  2,  Munduapo  2, 
Nericagua  4.  Brazil:  Obidos  6,  Manaos  2,  Forte  do  Sao  Joaquim,  Rio  Branco  2, 
Conceicao,  Rio  Branco  i. 

a  Dendrocolaptes  certhia  juruanus  IHERING:  Similar  on  lower  parts  to  D.  c.  cer- 
thia, but  back  regularly,  though  narrowly,  barred  with  blackish,  and  fulvous  sub- 
apical  markings  on  crown  less  distinct.  Wing  124-132;  tail  120-136;  bill  35-42. 

This  form  differs  from  typical  certhia  only  by  the  more  regularly  barred  back  and 
less  spotted  crown,  and  although  some  specimens  from  British  Guiana  are  hardly 
distinguishable,  I  consider  it  as  a  valid  race.  Two  skins  from  the  Purvis  were  found 
to  be  identical  with  the  types  while  four  from  Marabitanas  (Rio  Negro)  are  slightly 
more  closely  barred  above  and  a  little  more  ochraceous  below,  thus  approaching 
D.  c.  radiolatus. 

Material  examined. — Rio  Jurua  2 ;  Rio  Punis,  Bom  Lugar  i,  Cachoeira  i,  Arifia  i» 
Hyutanahan  5,  Nova  Olinda  3;  Ega,  Rio  Solimoes  i,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  4. 

b  Dendrocolaptes  certhia  polyzonus  TODD  :  Similar  to  D.  c.  juruanus  in  narrow 
barring  above  and  below,  markings  of  crown,  and  plain  (unmarked)  greater  upper 
wing-coverts  and  under  tail-coverts,  but  ground  color  of  upper  parts  much  brighter 
cinnamon  brown,  and  lower  surface  darker,  more  ochreous  brown.  Wing  129-136; 
tail  129-136;  bill  36-40. 

In  the  saturated  coloration  of  the  body  plumage  this  well  marked  race  agrees 
with  D.  c.  radiolatus,  differs,  however,  by  its  unmarked  greater  upper  wing,  and  under 
tail-coverts,  and  is  much  more  narrowly  barred  both  above  and  below. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Prov.  del  Sara  i,  Rio  Yapacani  i,  Rio  Surutu  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  263 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  radiolatus  Sclater  and  Salvin*.    BARRED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  radiolatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1867",  p.  755, 
1868 — Yurimaguas,  Peru  (type  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  271 — Yuri- 
maguas,  Chamicuros,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  170,  1884 — same 
localities;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  304,  1889 — Yurimaguas;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  174,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-f,  Chamicuros  and  Iquitos, 
Peru;  Sarayacu,  Ecuador;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  p.  27,  1899 — Rio  Santiago,  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  62 
— Archidona,  Ecuador. 

Dendrocops  cayennensis  (not  of  GMEHN)  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3, 
p.  321,  324,  1851 — part,  "juv."  ex  Peru,  coll.  Castelnau  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  certhia  radiolatus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  125,  1906 — Chamicuros,  Pebas,  Peru;  Rio  Napo,  Ecuador. 

Dendrocolaptes  sancti-thomae  radiolatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36, 
p.  427,  1917 — Florencia,  Colombia. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Florencia, 
Caqueta  region)  through  eastern  Ecuador  (Archidona,  Rio  Napo,  Rio 
Santiago,  Rio  Suno,  San  Jose  de  Sumarco)  to  northern  Peru  (Yurima- 
guas, Chamicuros,  Pebas,  Iquitos). 

*  Dendrocolaptes    certhia    sancti-thomae     (Lafresnaye)b.      WESTERN 
BARRED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocops  sancti-thomae  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  4,  p.  466,  1852 — • 
"in  insula  Sancti-Thomae"  (errore)  =  Santo  Tomas,  near  Omoa,  Honduras0. 

Dendrocolaptes  sancti-thomae  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  96,  1858 —  Mexico, 
Honduras,  Mosquito  coast,  Nicaragua;  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist. 
N.  Y.,  7,  p.  320,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama;  idem,  I.e.,  8,  p.  181,  1867 — Grey- 

a  Dendrocolaptes  certhia  radiolatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Differs  from  D.  c.  jur~ 
uanus,  of  western  Brazil,  by  much  wider  and  more  conspicuous  black  bars  on  crown» 
back,  and  under  parts,  involving  also  the  under  tail-coverts;  much  brighter  and  more 
rufous  general  coloration,  bright  cinnamon  brown  on  back,  and  decidedly  ochra- 
ceous  below;  distinct  blackish  subapical  bars  on  the  greater  upper  wing-coverts; 
darker  orange  ochraceous,  more  strongly  barred  axillars  and  under  wing-coverts. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Florencia,  Caquetd.  i.  Ecuador:  Rio  Suno  i, 
Sarayacu  i,  below  San  Jose  de  Sumarco  i,  Archidona  i,  Rio  Napo  4.  Peru:  Yuri- 
maguas 2,  Chamicuros  i,  Pebas  2. 

b  Dendrocolaptes  certhia  sancti-thomae  (LAFRESNAYE)  is  closely  related  to  D.  c.  radi- 
olatus, but  chiefly  distinguished  by  almost  wholly  black  bill,  much  less  barred  back, 
and  by  the  more  strongly  denned  as  well  as  more  closely  set  black  bars  extending 
up  to  the  chin. 

Five  specimens  from  the  Ecuadorian  province  of  Esmeraldas  are  paler,  both  on 
back  and  under  parts,  and  lack  the  cinnamon  russet  tinge  on  the  crown,  the  latter 
being  of  exactly  the  same  shade  as  the  mantle.  Although  I  have  little  doubt  about 
their  distinctness,  I  rather  hesitate  to  add  another  name  before  the  status  of  D.  c. 
hesperius  is  more  satisfactorily  explained. 

c  See  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  192,  1891. 


264  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

town,  Nicaragua;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  106,  1868 — San  ]os6,  Costa  Rica;  WYATT, 
Ibis,  1871,  p.  331 — Naranjo,  Santander;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  174,  1890 — part,  Honduras,  Brit.  Honduras,  Vera  Paz  (Guatemala),  Costa 
Rica  (Tucurriqui),  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves, 
2,  p.  192,  1891 — Brit.  Honduras,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Costa 
Rica  (Navarro,  Tucurriqui),  Panama;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  339,  p.  7,  1899 — Punta  de  Sabana,  Panama;  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  6 1 6,  1902 — San  Javier  and  Carondelet,  Ecuador;  BANGS, 
Auk,  18,  p.  367,  1901 — Divala,  Chiriqui;  idem,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  39, 
p.  151,  1903 — Yaruca,  Honduras. 

Dendrocolaptes  sancti-thomae  sancti-thomae  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
p.  659,  1910 — Costa  Rica,  up  to  2,000  ft.;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
50,  Part  5,  p.  229,  1911 — from  southeastern  Mexico  to  Panama  (monog.) ; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  426,  1917 — Puerto  Valdivia,  Col- 
ombia; BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  211,  1922 — 
Jesusito,  Darien  (crit.). 

Range:  From  southeastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz  and 
Campeche)  through  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Honduras,  eastern 
Nicaragua,  northern  and  eastern  Costa  Rica  to  Panama  (Divala,  Chiri- 
qui; Veragua;  Lion  Hill;  Darien),  Colombia  (Puerto  Valdivia,  lower 
Cauca;  Naranjo,  Santander),  and  northwestern  Ecuador  (San  Javier, 
Carondelet,  Pambilar,  Vacqueria,  Prov.  Esmeraldas). 

9:  Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  4) ;  Costa  Rica  (Limon  2, 
Siquirres  i);  Panama  (Railroad  line  i);  Ecuador  (Vacqueria,  Prov. 
Esmeraldas  i). 

*Dendrocolaptes  certhia  hesperius  Bangs*.    TERRABA  VALLEY  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  sancti-thomae  hesperius  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  299,  1907 — Lagarto 
(type),  Boruca,  Paso  Real,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  s.w.  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  660,  1910 — Terraba  Valley,  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  232,  1911 — part,  southwestern  Costa 
Rica. 

Range:    Southwestern  Costa  Rica  (Terraba  Valley), 
i:    Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i). 

*Dendrocolaptes  platyrostris  platyrostris  Spix.     FLAT-BILLED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  platyrostris  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  87,  pi.  89,  1824 — Rio  de  Janeiro 

»  I  am  not  satisfied  as  to  the  distinctness  of  this  race.  Its  only  constant  character 
is  the  more  closely  barred  under  surface.  Birds  from  western  Nicaragua  (San  Gero- 
nimo, Chinandega)  appear  to  me  indistinguishable  from  sancti-thomae,  and  if  separ- 
able, hesperius  will  have  to  be  restricted  to  the  Terraba  Valley. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  265 

(type  in  Munich  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  632,  1906  (crit.). 

Dendrocolaptes  fortirostris  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  No.  5,  p.  115,  1825 — mountains 
above  Goaytacazes  [  =  Campos],  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Dendrocolaptes  menaloceps  (sic)  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  p.  269,  1840 — locality 
unknown. 

Dendrocolaptes  platyrhynchus  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae, 
p.  194,  pi.  536,  fig.  3676-77,  1853 — new  name  for  Dendrocolaptes  platyrostris 
SPIX;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  9,  1856 — Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Dendrocolaptes  tarefero  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  69,  Jan.  1901 — Alto 
Parana,  Paraguay. 

Dendrocops  platyrostris  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  326,  1851 — Rio 
de  Janeiro  (monog.). 

Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN  1820)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  56 — wooded  region  of  s.e.  Brazil;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras., 
i,  p.  43,  1868 — part,  Registre  do  Sai  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Rio),  Ypanema, 
Itarar6  (Sao  Paulo)  (spec,  examined);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  natur- 
hist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  376 — Lagoa  Santa,  Sete  Lagoas,  Paracatu  (Minas  Ger- 
aes), Novo  Friburgo  (Rio  de  Janeiro);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  253, 
1873 — Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina;  CABANIS,  I.e.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Canta- 
gallo,  Rio  de  Janeiro;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  613 — Concepcion, 
Misiones;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  146,  1885 — Taquara, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  199,  1888 — Mis- 
iones; SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  170,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-d,  f-m, 
Sao  Paulo,  Rio  Claro,  "Goyaz"  [=Sao  Paulo],  "Pelotas",  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  Brazil;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — 
Porto  Real,  Rio;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  234,  1899 — Ypiranga,  Sao 
Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo;  idem,  Annuario 
Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  130,  1899 — Mundo  Novo;  idem,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  p.  254,  1907 — Ypiranga,  Alto  da  Serra,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Rio  Feio, 
Bauru,  Jaboticabal,  ItararS,  Avanhandava,  Bebedouro  (Sao  Paulo),  Ourinho 
(Parana),  Espirito  Santo;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  220, 
1909 — Posadas,  Misiones;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  534 — Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
GRANT,  I.e.,  1911,  p.  135 — Mortero,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  431,  1910 — Santa  Ana,  Misiones;  idem,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  I, 
P-  335,  1914 — Misiones;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  53,  1914 — Parana, 
Asunci6n;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  10,  No.  114,  p.  318,  1918 — Villa 
Lutetia,  near  San  Ignacio,  Misiones. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo,  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
and  Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa,  Rio  Jordao,  near  Araguary,  Agua  Suja, 
near  Bagagem)  south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Paraguay;  northeastern 
Argentina  (Prov.  Misiones) a. 

4:  Brazil  (Victoria,  Sao  Paulo  2,  Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa, 
Minas  Geraes  i);  Argentina  (Salto  Iguazu,  Misiones  i). 

a  Birds  from  Paraguay  (Sapucay;  Bernalcue,  near  Asuncidn),  Misiones,  and  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul  are  identical  with  a  large  series  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  (including  the 
type)  and  Sao  Paulo.  Eight  specimens  from  Minas  Geraes  (neighborhood  of  Ara- 


266  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Dendrocolaptes  platyrostris  intermedius  Berlepsch*.     INTERMEDIATE 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  intermedius  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis  (5)  i,  p.  141,  1883 — Bahia  (type 
examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  cearensis  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  541,  1919 — Jua,  near  Igu- 
atii,  Ceard. 

guary  and  Bagagem)  also  agree  in  every  particular  with  typical  platyrostris,  whereas 
an  immature  male  (in  worn  plumage)  from  near  Lagoa  Santa,  by  its  rather  paler, 
less  streaked  back,  slightly  points  toward  intermedius. 

Material  examined. — Paraguay:  Sapucay  2,  Bernalcue  2.  Argentina:  Salto 
Iguazu,  Misiones  i .  Rio  Grande  do  Sul:  Taquara  i,  Sao  Lourenco  i .  Santa  Cathar- 
ina:  Blumenau  2 .  Sao  Paulo:  Ypanema  8,  Victoria  2.  Rio  de  Janeiro:  Rio  3,  Petropo- 
lis  i .  Minas  Geraes:  Rio  Jordao,  near  Araguary  4,  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem  4,  Lagoa 
Santa  i. 

a  Dendrocolaptes  platyrostris  intermedius  BERLEPSCH:  Similar  to  D.  p.  platyrostris, 
but  crown  much  lighter,  olive  or  dusky  brown  (instead  of  blackish) ;  back  with  only 
a  few  hair  like  streaks  on  upper  portion;  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  clear  hazel 
(in  platyrostris  rump  brown  like  the  back,  tail-coverts  deep  chestnut  brown,  streaked 
with  buff  and  barred  with  blackish) ;  tail  and  wings  much  lighter,  hazel  or  rufous 
instead  of  chestnut  brown;  general  tone  of  body  plumage,  both  above  and  below, 
more  cinnamomeous,  less  olivaceous. 

The  absence  of  the  blackish  cap,  the  clear  rufous  rump,  and  the  hazel  or  rufous 
(instead  of  chestnut  brown)  tail  and  wings  render  this  form  easily  recognizable. 
Specimens  from  Ceard,  Piauhy,  northwestern  Bahia  (Rio  Preto)  and  Matto  Grosso 
(Chapada),  though  exhibiting  a  certain  amount  of  individual  variation,  agree  well 
together  and  are  unquestionably  referable  to  the  same  form.  The  type  of  D.  inter- 
medius, a  Bahia  trade  skin,  has  the  upper  and  under  parts  of  a  darker,  more  rufes- 
cent  brown  tone  than  any  other  specimen,  and  approaches  platyrostris,  furthermore, 
by  the  deeper  chestnut  rufous  wings  and  tail.  Another  trade  skin  from  Bahia,  how- 
ever, except  for  its  darker  wings  and  tail,  closely  resembles  certain  specimens  from 
Piauhy  (  9 ,  Piranha,  Lake  of  Parnagud;  o71,  below  Uniao). 

These  birds  whose  exact  locality  is  not  known  probably  came  from  the  southern 
part  of  the  state  of  Bahia  where  intermedius  may  be  expected  to  intergrade  with 
platyrostris. 

An  adult  male  secured  by  J.  Natterer  on  June  20,  1823  on  the  banks  of  the  Rio 
Paranahyba,  south  of  Catalao,  near  the  boundary  line  of  the  prov.  of  Goyaz  and 
Minas  Geraes,  in  all  essential  points,  save  its  darker  chestnut  wings  and  tail,  so  closely 
resembles  the  average  from  Piauhy  that  it  must,  unquestionably,  be  referred  to 
intermedius.  This  is  rather  surprising,  since,  several  miles  further  east,  at  Araguary 
and  Bagagem,  we  meet  with  D.  p.  platyrostris,  as  pointed  out  under  the  preceding 
species. 

Material  examined. — Bahia  (trade  skins)  2  (including  the  type).  Goyaz:  Rio 
Paranahyba,  south  of  Catalao  i.  Matto  Grosso:  Chapada  4.  Bahia:  Sao  Marcello, 
Rio  Preto  i,  Falls  of  Barrocao,  Rio  Preto  2.  Piauhy:  Pedrinna  i,  P£  do  Morro,  near 
Buriti  i,  Parnagud  i,  Piranha,  Lake  of  Parnagud  i,  Santa  Philomena  i,  below  Nova 
York,  Rio  Parnahyba  i,  below  Uniao,  Rio  Parnahyba  i.  Ceard:  Jua,  near  Iguatu  i. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Two  (unsexed)  from  Bahia  (incl.  type)   118,124  112,112  36,39 

One  male  from  Rio  Paranahyba,  Goyaz    126  114  38 

One  male  from  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  122  118  36 

Two  females  from  Rio  Preto,  Bahia         120,120  113,113  34-5,35 

Three  males  from  Piauhy  122,125,127          112,117,118  34,36,37.5 

Four  females  from  Piauhy  118,123,128,130112,118,120  36,36,37,37 

One  male  from  Ceard  125  116  37 

Four  males  from  Matto  Grosso 

(Chapada)  120,122,124,127  110,117,120,12334,34.5,35 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  267 

Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN  1820)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i, 
p.  43,  1868 — part,  Rio  Paranaiva  [  =  Paranahyba],  s.e.  Goyaz  (spec,  exam- 
ined); SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  170,  1890 — part,  spec,  e,  Chapada, 
Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  114, 
1893 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul., 
12  (2),  p.  99,  1920 — Ilhe'os  to  Belmonte,  Bahia. 

Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  intermedius  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  66,  1910 — above  the  Falls  of  Barrocao,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia; 
Parnagud,  Piranha,  Pedrinha,  P£  do  Morro,  Santa  Philomena,  below  Nova 
York,  Therezina,  below  Uniao,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Central  and  northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia,  Ceara, 
Piauhy,  Matto  Grosso,  and  Goyaz,  south  to  the  Rio  Paranahyba. 

3:  Brazil  (Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  i;  Jua,  near  Iguatu, 
Ceard  i;  Ibiapaba,  Piauhy  i). 

*Dendrocolaptes  pallescens  Pelzeln*.    PALE-BILLED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  pallescens  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  43,  61,  1868 — Estiva  and 
Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  (types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  13,  p.  171,  1890 — Piedra  Blanca,  Bolivia; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  115,  1893 — Piedra  Blanca,  Bolivia; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  21,  1897 — San  Francisco 
and  Caiza,  Bolivia;  San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy;  idem,  I.e.,  15,  No.  378,  p.  8,  1900 — 
Urucum,  Matto  Grosso;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Oran, 
Salta;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  122, 
1906 — Chiquitos,  Yungas,  Bolivia  (crit.);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
p.  254,  1907 — Saltab;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  220,  1909 — 
Cafetal,  Jujuy;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  308,  1910 — San 
Lorenzo  (Jujuy),  Oran  (Salta). 

Dendrocolaptes  cayennensis  (not  of  GMELIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn. 
Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  n,  1838 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (spec,  exam- 
ined). 

Dendrocops  cayennensis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  321,  324,  1851 
— part,  "juv."  ex  Bolivia,  coll.  D'Orbigny  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Western  Matto  Grosso  (Estiva,  Engenho  do  Gama,  Uru- 
cum), eastern  Bolivia  (Piedra  Blanca,  Chiquitos;  Santa  Cruz  de  la 
Sierra;  San  Francisco  and  Caiza,  Dept.  Tarija),  and  northwestern  Ar- 
gentina (in  prov.  of  Jujuy  and  Salta). 

i:    Argentina  (Yacuiba,  Salta  i). 

a  Dendrocolaptes  pallescens  PELZELN  is  immediately  recognizable  by  the  pale 
brownish  maxilla  and  the  narrow  buff  shaft  streaks,  apically  edged  with  blackish, 
on  the  otherwise  light  tawny  brown  pileum.  Wing  122-134;  tail  117-125;  bill  35-40. 

Material  examined. — Matto  Grosso:  Estiva  i,  Engenho  do  Gama  i.  Bolivia: 
Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra  2,  Chiquitos  i,  "Yungas"  i.  Argentina,  Jujuy:  Cafetal  i, 
Orillas  del  Rio  Lavallen  i,  Rio  Francisco  i;  Salta,  Yacuiba  i. 

b  The  record  from  the  Rio  Jurua  is  a  mistake,  it  being  based  on  one  of  the  speci- 
mens afterwards  described  by  Ihering  as  Dendrocolaptes  juruanus. 


268  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrocolaptes  hoffmannsi   Hellmayr*.    HOFFMANNS'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  hoffmannsi  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  23,  p.  66,  1909 — 
Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  335,  1910 — Calama  and  Alli- 
anca,  Rio  Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  344,  1914 — Rio 
Madeira. 

Dendrocolaptes  concolor  ridgwayi  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn., 
56,  p.  509,  1908 — Villa  Braga  and  Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z  (spec,  examined); 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  345,  1914 — part,  Rio  Tapaj6z. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  right  bank 
of  the  Rio  Madeira  (Calama,  Allianca)  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Tapa- 
j6z  (Villa  Braga). 

Dendrocolaptes  transfasciatus    Toddb.     TRANSVERSE-BARRED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  transfasciatus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  81,  1925 — 
Miritituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z,  Brazil. 

•  Dendrocolaptes  hoffmannsi  HELLMAYR:  Nearest  to  D.  pallescens  PELZELN,  from 
Matto  Grosso  and  Bolivia,  but  bill  black  and  laterally  more  compressed;  pileum 
strongly  washed  with  russet,  abruptly  defined  against  the  Brussels  brown  back  (in 
pallescens  crown  and  back  are  nearly  concolor  tawny  brown) ;  the  rusty  buff  crown 
streaks  less  conspicuous,  but  the  blackish  apical  edges  to  the  feathers  more  pro- 
nounced, especially  on  hind  crown;  under  parts  much  less  tawny,  the  foreneck  and 
breast  being  pale  Dresden  brown  with  a  slight  olive  cast,  the  abdomen  buckthorn 
brown  instead  of  deep  tawny;  foreneck  and  chest  with  inconspicuous  buffy  hair- 
streaks  (in  pallescens  these  parts  show  much  broader,  lanceolate,  laterally  black 
edged  stripes) ;  chin  dingy  grayish  buff;  axillars  and  under  wing-coverts  much  paler, 
ochraceous  buff  rather  than  tawny  ochraceous.  Wing  140-145;  tail  120-132;  bill 
35-38. 

Material  examined. — Rio  Madeira:  Calama  2,  Allianca  i.  Rio  Tapaj6z:  Villa 
Braga  6. 

b  Dendrocolaptes  transfasciatus  TODD:  "Pileum  brownish  black,  each  feather 
with  a  conspicuous  buffy  shaft  streak,  these  streaks  continued  over  the  upper  back, 
where  they  become  broader,  and  margined  with  blackish;  upper  back  Prout's  brown, 
streaked  as  aforesaid,  passing  into  rich  auburn  on  the  lower  back,  rump,  and  upper 
tail-coverts;  tail  deep  bay,  with  darker  shafts;  wings  bay,  with  a  slight  brownish 
wash  on  the  upper  coverts,  and  on  the  inner  webs  of  the  primaries  toward  their  tips; 
under  wing-coverts  rich  buff,  spotted  with  black;  a  superciliary  line  of  buffy  tipped 
feathers;  lores  and  sides  of  head  and  neck  blackish,  streaked  with  buffy;  throat  and 
breast  with  broad  buffy  shaft  streaks,  coalescing  anteriorly,  and  posteriorly  having 
narrow  borders  of  blackish  and  brownish ;  rest  of  under  parts  rich  buffy,  more  brown- 
ish (Saccardo's  umber)  anteriorly,  more  rufescent  posteriorly,  irregularly  barred  with 
brownish  black,  each  feather  with  three  broken  bars  or  opposite  spots  of  darker  color, 
separated  by  a  pale  shaft  streak;  bill  dusky  black  above,  paler  below  (in  skin);  feet 
horn  color.  Wing  (type)  143;  tail  120;  bifl  43. 

"Two  younger  individuals  from  Colonia  do  Mojuy,  near  Santarem,  are  essen- 
tially similar  to  the  type,  but  the  shaft  streaks  above  and  below  are  broader,  and  the 
cross  barring  of  the  under  parts  is  more  prominent.  The  type  is  in  fresh  plumage, 
the  outermost  primaries  not  yet  fully  grown.  One  of  the  young  birds  shows  traces 
of  dark  cross  bars  on  the  lower  back. 

"This  new  species  approaches  the  form  commonly  known  as  D.  plagosus  plagosus 
[=D.p.  picumnus],  of  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon,  and  D.  plagosus  tardus  IHERING 
of  the  Rio  Purvis  [=*D.  p.  validus],  but  is  perfectly  distinct,  differing  in  having  the 
head,  upper  back,  and  breast  much  more  heavily  streaked,  the  pileum  much  darker, 
nearly  black,  and  the  barring  on  the  posterior  under  parts  more  irregular  and  broken, 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS  —  CORY-HELLMAYR.  269 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Tapajoz 
(Miritituba,  Colonia  do  Mojuy,  near  Santarem). 

Dendrocolaptes    picumnus    picumnus    Lichtenstein.      BLACK-BANDED 

WOOD-HEWER. 
Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  LICHTENSTEIN",  Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the 

years  1818-19,  p.  202,  1820  —  based  on  "Le  Grimpar  Picucule"  LEVAILLANT, 

Hist.  Nat.  Promerops,  p.  67,  pi.  26,  and  "Le  Picucule"  AuDEBERTand  VIEIL- 

LOT,  Ois.  Bore's,  2,  p.  113,  pi.  76,  Cayenne. 
Dendrocolaptes  plagosus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (5)  i,  p.  210,  1883  —  Cama- 

cusa,  Brit.  Guiana  (types  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  421  —  Camacusa; 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  172,  1890  —  Camacusa,  Rio  Carimang, 

Brit.  Guiana;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  179,  1904  —  Rio  Carse- 

venne,  Contest^  Franco-bre"silien;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc. 

Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  123,  1906  —  same  locality  (crit.);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov. 

Zool.,  15,  p.  150,  1908  —  Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana;  SNETH- 

LAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  344,   1914  —  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro), 

Brazil;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Gui.,  2,  p.  131,  1921  —  Anarica  River,  Camacusa, 

Camarang  River,  Brit.  Guiana. 
Dendrocolaptes  variegatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  n,  "1888",  p.  546, 

1889  —  "Bahia"  =  Cayenne  (type  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Cambridge  examined). 
Dendrocops  cayennensis  (not  of  GMELIN)  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3, 

p.  321,  1851  —  part,  descr.  "adult",  Cayenne). 
Dendrocolaptes  certhia  (not  of  BODDAERT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  43,  1868— 

part,  No.  1043  ("adult"),  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos],  Forte  do  Rio 

Branco,  Brazil  (spec,  examined). 
Dendrocolaptes  validus  plagosus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 

Heft  5,  p.  118,  1912  —  French  and  Brit.  Guiana,  Brazil;  HARTERT  and  GOOD- 

SON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  416,  1917  (range);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus. 

Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  65,  1918  —  vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  adjacent  parts  of 
Venezuela  (Rio  Yuruan);  northern  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Branco  south 
to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon  (Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda,  Manaos)b. 

as  well  as  narrower.    The  streaking  on  the  throat  and  breast  is  more  as  in  tardus 
[=  validus],  while  the  color  of  the  bill  is  dark,  as  in  plagosus  [=  picumnus]."    (Tooo, 


a  Lichtenstein's  name  was  based  on  Levaillant's  and  yieillot's  plates,  both  of 
which,  in  spite  of  certain  shortcomings,  are  without  question  referable  to  the  bird 
afterwards  described  as  D.  plagosus.  The  wide  black  cross  bars  on  the  belly  and 
the  longitudinal  stripes  on  crown  and  nape,  shown  in  the  drawings,  together  with 
Levaillant's  description  of  the  "adult"  and  the  locality  render  the  identification 
absolutely  certain.  Azara's  No.  241,  likewise  quoted  by  Lichtenstein,  belongs  of 
course,  to  quite  a  different  species  (Xiphocolaptes  major),  but  this  has  no  bearing  on 
the  case,  since  D.  picumnus,  according  to  the  diagnosis  and  the  author's  own  state- 
ment (I.e.,  p.  208),  was  founded  on  the  two  plates  cited  above. 

b  Birds  from  northern  Brazil  agree  in  every  particular  with  those  from  Guiana. 
Material  examined.  —  Venezuela:    Rio  Yuruan  i.  British  Guiana:  Camacusa  2, 
Demerara  3.  French  Guiana:  Cayenne  4,  Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague  i,  Pied  Saut, 


270  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  validus  Tschudi*.  TSCHUDI'S  BLACK- 
BANDED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  validus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  296,  1844 — Peru, 
idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  242,  pi.  21,  fig.  2,  1846 — forest  region  between 
10°  and  12°  south  lat.,  i.e.,  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  184 — Upper  Ucayali;  idem,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  56 — part, 
Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  270 — Chamicuros,  Upper  Ucayali;  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1874,  p.  529 — Monterico,  Ayacucho;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  169,  1884 — 
Monterico,  Chamicuros,  Ucayali;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  172, 
1890 — part,  spec,  i,  j,  Chamicuros,  Upper  Ucayali;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZ- 
MANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  378 — Borgona,  Peru;  (?)  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis. 
1902,  p.  62 — Baeza,  Ecuador. 

Dendrocolaptes  plagosus  tardus  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  255,  1907 — Rio 
Jurud  (type  examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  plagosus  negrensis  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  73,  p.  270,  1925 — 
Acajutuba,  right  bank  of  lower  Rio  Negro. 

Dendrocolaptes  radiolatus  (not  of  .SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  6,  p.  437,  1905 — Rio  Jurua. 

Dendrocolaptes  validus  validus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturf.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  118,  1912  (range);  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  416, 
1917  (range). 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (in  depts.  Loreto,  Junin,  Ayacucho,  and 
Puno)  and  adjoining  section  of  western  Brazil  (Rio  Jurua,  Rio  Purus, 
lower  Rio  Negro);  possibly  also  eastern  Ecuador  (Baeza). 

*Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  multistrigatus  Eytonb.  COLOMBIAN  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  multistrigatus  EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1851,  Part  2,  p.  75,  April 
1851 — locality  unknown,  we  suggest  Bogot£  (type  in  Liverpool  Museum). 

Oyapock  i,  Tamanoir,  Mana  River  2,  Rio  Carsevenne  i.  Brazil:  Forte  do  Rio 
Branco  i,  Obidos  26,  Mandos  4. 

•  Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  validus  TSCHUDI:  Closely  similar  to  D.  p.  picumnus, 
but  slightly  more  rufescent  above;  lesser  and  median  upper  wing-coverts  with  hardly 
any  light  or  dusky  markings;  throat  less  marked,  the  feathers  being  laterally  edged 
rather  than  spotted  with  dark  brown;  maxilla  dark  brown  rather  than  black,  man- 
dible decidedly  lighter.  Wing  135-145 ;  tail  125-134;  bill  37-42. 

Specimens  from  the  Purus  average  slightly  paler  underneath,  but  the  divergency 
is  insignificant.  No  material  is  available  from  Ecuador. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Chanchamayo  2,  Rio  Tavara  (7o°2o'  w.,  13°  25'  s.) 
i .  Brazil:  Rio  Jurua  i,  Rio  Purvis  (Nova  Olinda,  Hyutanahan)  12. 

b  Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  multistrigatus  EYTON:  Similar  to  D.  p.  validus,  from 
Peru  and  western  Brazil,  but  back  without  blackish  cross  bands;  chin  and  upper 
throat  plain  buff;  buff  streaks  on  foreneck  and  chest  narrower;  abdomen  much  less 
ochraceous  with  black  cross  bars  much  narrower  and  less  conspicuous;  bill  some- 
what shorter  and  slenderer,  also  darker  in  color. 

Birds  from  the  Andes  of  Merida  have  the  dusky  bars  on  the  abdomen  less  dis- 
tinct and  somewhat  broken,  but  the  variation  appears  too  insignificant  to  warrant 
the  recognition  of  a  race  berlepschi. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  "Bogota"  5,  Santa  Elena  i,  Paramo  de  Tama  i. 
Andes  of  MeYida:  Culata  3,  Montana  Valle  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  271 

Dendrexetastes  berlepschi  MADARASZ,  Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.,  i,  p.  463,  1903 — 
Culata,  Andes  of  MeYida  (type  examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  validus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1868,  p.  56 — part,  "New  Granada";  idem,  I.e.,  1875,  p.  237 — San  Cristobal, 
Tachira,  Venezuela;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  523 — Concordia,  Medellin,  Frontino, 
Santa  Elena,  Antioquia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  172,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  b-g,  Medellin,  Frontino  (Colombia),  San  Cristobal  (Venezuela). 

Dendrocolaptes  validus  multistrigatus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  118,  1912 — Andes  of  Colombia  (Bogota,  Antioquia)  and 
western  Venezuela  (Tachira,  Merida);  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool., 
24,  p.  416,  1917 — range  (crit.  on  type). 

Dendrocolaptes  validus  validus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  426, 
1917 — Cerro  Munchique,  Miraflores,  Salento,  La  Candela,  Aguadita,  Villa- 
vicencio,  Florencia,  Colombia. 

Range :  Andes  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  region)  and  west- 
ern Venezuela  (Paramo  de  Tama,  San  Cristobal,  Tachira;  Culata,  Mon- 
tana Valle,  Merida) a. 

i :     Colombia  (Paramo  de  Tama  i). 

*Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  seilerni  Hartert  and  Goodsonb.    VENEZUE- 
LAN WOOD-HEWER. 
Dendrocolaptes  validus  seilerni  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  416, 

1917 — Cumbre  Chiquita,  above  San  Esteban,  Carabobo,  Venezuela;  TODD 

and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  281,  1922 — El  Libano,  Las  Nubes, 

Cincinnati,  San  Lorenzo,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta,  Las  Vegas,  Heights 

of  Chirua. 
Dendrocolaptes  validus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13, 

p.  156,  1900 — Valparaiso,  El  Libano,  Las  Nubes,  Santa  Marta  Mts. 
Dendrocolaptes  validus  multistrigatus  (not  of  EYTON)  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN, 

Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  115,  118,  1912 — Las  Quiguas  and  Cumbre  de 

Valencia,  Venezuela. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  the  mountains  of  northern  Venezuela 
(in  states  of  Carabobo,  Aragua  and  Bermudez)  and  northern 
Colombia  (Santa  Marta  district). 

i:    Venezuela  (Maracay,  Aragua  i). 

a  An  apparently  unnamed  small  race  of  intense  coloration  exists  in  western  Ecua- 
dor. I  have  seen  a  single  immature  specimen  from  Cayandeled.  It  was  recorded  as 
Dendrocolaptes  validus  by  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI  in  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884, 
p.  301. 

b  Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  seilerni  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  Very  similar  to 
D.  p.  multistrigatus,  but  bill  more  slender  and  paler,  dark  horn  brown  rather  than 
blackish;  lower  throat  more  spotted  with  dark  brown;  buff  streaks  on  foreneck  much 
narrower  and  extended  further  down  over  the  breast,  leaving  only  the  middle  of  the 
abdomen  and  the  under  tail-coverts  crossed  by  fewer  as  well  as  narrower  blackish 
bars.  Wing  129-136;  tail  116-127;  bill  33-37. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Maracay,  Aragua  i,  Cumbre  de  Valencia  6, 
Las  Quiguas  2.  Colombia:  Las  Nubes  4. 


272  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Dendrocolaptes   picumnus   costaricensis    Ridgway*.     COSTA   RICAN 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  validus  costaricensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  73, 
1909 — Laguaria,  Santa  Maria  de  Dota,  s.w.  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  658,  1910 — Navarro,  Cartago,  Juan  Vinas,  El  Rey,  La 
Lagunaria  de  Dota,  Volcan  de  Irazu,  Rio  Sucio,  Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui, 
Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  233,  1911 — Costa 
Rica  and  western  Panama;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  118,  1912 — Costa  Rica  and  Chiriqui;  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov. 
Zool.,  24,  p.  417,  1917  (range). 

Dendrocolaptes  multistrigatus  (not  of  EYTON)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist. 
N.  Y.,  9,  p.  106,  146,  1868 — Navarro,  Costa  Rica. 

Dendrocolaptes  puncticollis  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  BOUCARD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1878,  p.  60 — Naranjo  de  Cartago,  Costa  Rica;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool. 
Cl.,  3,  p.  48,  1902 — Boquete,  Panama. 

Dendrocolaptes  validus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  191,  1891 — part,  Navarro  and  Naranjo,  Costa  Rica. 

Range:  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Capita;  Boquete,  Chiri- 
qui). 

i:    Costa  Rica  (Naranjo  de  Cartago  i). 

Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  puncticollis  Sclater  and  Salvinb.    SPOTTED- 
NECKED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  puncticollis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  54, 
pi.  5 — Tactic  and  San  Geronimo,  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  171,  1890 — same  localities;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  190,  1891 — same  localities;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  232,  1911 — same  localities. 

Range :  Highlands  of  Guatemala  (Tactic,  San  Geronimo)  and  Hon- 
duras (Volcan  de  Puca). 

a  Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  costaricensis  RIDGWAY:  Nearest  to  D.  p.  seilerni,  but 
foreneck  and  chest  less  regularly  streaked,  the  blackish  lateral  edges  of  the  buff 
stripes  being  broken  up  into  dots  or  bars  instead  of  forming  a  continuous  margin; 
lower  breast  and  abdomen  much  more  extensively  barred.  Wing  123-130;  tail  116- 
124;  bill  34-37- 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica:  Cariblanco  i,  Azahar  de  Cartago  i,  La  Estrella 
de  Cartago  i,  Naranjo  i.  Panama:  Boquete,  Chiriqui  i. 

b  Dendrocolaptes  picumnus  puncticollis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Nearly  allied  to 
D.  p.  costaricensis,  but  crown  much  more  blackish,  with  less  distinct,  more  linear 
buff  shaft  streaks ;  back  more  olivaceous ;  pale  stripes  on  foreneck  and  chest  decidedly 
lanceolate,  laterally  bordered  by  a  continuous  blackish  margin  (not  broken  up  into 
dots  or  bars) ;  blackish  barring  of  belly  less  extensive  and  mainly  restricted  to  median 
portion;  bill  longer.  Wing  (one  adult  male)  134.5;  tail  115;  bill  42. 

Material. — A  single  adult  male  obtained  by  Wittkugel  on  February  25,  1889, 
on  the  Volcan  de  Puca,  Honduras,  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  273 

Genus  DENDREXETASTES  Eyton. 

Dendrexetastes  EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1851,  p.  76 — type  Dendrexetastes  capi~ 
ioid.es  EYTON  =  Dendrocolaptes  rufigula  LESSON. 

Cladoscopus  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scans.,  A,  Sittinae,  p.  192,  1853 
— type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY,  1855,  p.  28)  Dendrocolaptes  temminckii  = 
Dendrocolaptes  rufigula  LESSON. 

Dendrexetastes  rufigula  rufigula  (Lesson).    RUFOUS-THROATED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  (Orthocolaptes)  rufigula  LESSON,  ficho  du  Monde  Savant,  n  (2), 
No.  12,  p.  276,  Aug.  n,  1844 — Cayenne;  idem,  Oeuvr.  Buff  on,  £d.  LeVgque, 
20  (  =  Descr.  Mammif.  &  Ois.),  p.  281,  1847 — Cayenne. 

Dendrocolaptes  temminckii  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  145,  pi.  4, 
March  1851 — "Santa  P6  de  Bogota"  =  Cayenne. 

Dendrexetastes  capitoides  EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1851,  p. 76 — no  locality  given; 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  77,  1855 — type  (in  Liverpool  Museum)  stated 
to  be  from  Cayenne. 

Dendrexetastes  temmincki  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  142,  1855 — "Bogota" 
(ex  LAFRESNAYE),  errore;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  140,  1890 — 
Cayenne. 

Dendrexetastes  temminckii  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  179,  1904 — 
Ouanary,  French  Guiana;  idem  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  no,  1906 — Ouanary. 

Xiphocolaptes  temminckii  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  43,  1868 — Barra  do  Rio 
Negro  [  =  Manaos]  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrexetastes  rufigula  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  367,  1907 — Cayenne;  near 
Paramaribo,  Surinam;  Mines  District,  British  Guiana;  Manaos  (crit.);  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  149,  1908 — Cayenne,  Ouanary,  French  Guiana: 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  338,  1914  (range);  BANGS  and  PENARD, 
Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  65,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

Dendrexetastes  rufigula  rufigula  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  328,  IQIO  (diag., 
meas.,  range). 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  south 
to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon  (Obidos,  Manaos) B. 

Dendrexetastes  rufigula  paraensis  Lorenzb.    PAR  A  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrexetastes  paraensis  LORENZ,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Gesells.  Wien,  45,  p.  363, 

a  Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  i,  Ouanary  i,  Pied  Saut,  Oya- 
pock  4.  Vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam  2;  Mines  District,  British  Guiana  2. 
Brazil:  Obidos  i,  Manaos  i. 

b  Dendrexetastes  rufigula  paraensis  LORENZ:  Differs  from  D.  r.  rufigula  by  having 
a  distinct,  though  narrow  postocular  stripe  of  white.  Besides,  the  markings  on  the 
f  oreneck  and  chest  are  somewhat  more  rounded,  while  the  abdomen  is  decidedly  more 
ochraceous  brown.  Wing  104-105 ;  tail  100-107 ;  bill  3*-32-  In  addition  to  the  unsexed 


274  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1895 — Para  (type  in  coll.  Princess  Theresa  of  Bavaria  examined);  idem.  Ann. 
naturhist.  Hofmus.  Wien,  n,  p.  i,  pi.  i,  1896 — Para. 

Dendrexetastes  rufigula  paraensis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  329,  1910 — 
Marco  da  Legoa,  near  Para  (diag.);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  91,  1912 — Marco  da  Legoa,  Para;  SNETHLAGE. 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  338,  1914  (range). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Para,  south  of  the  Ama- 
zon (Para,  Marco  da  Legoa)  •. 

Dendrexetastes  rufigula  devillei   (Lafresnaye)b.     DEVILLE'S   WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  devillei  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  102,  1850 — 
Sarayacu,  Peru  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined) ;  DEsMuRS  in  Castelnau, 
Exp6d.  Amer.  Sud,  Zool.,  I,  livr.  18,  Ois.,  p.  42,  pi.  13,  fig.  i,  1856 — Sarayacu. 

Dendrexetastes  devillei  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  175,  1884 — Peru;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  141,  1890 — Iquitos,  Samiria,  Peru;  MENEGAUX 
and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  in,  1906 — Sarayacu 
(crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  366,  1907 — Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira; 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  14,  1908 — Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis. 

Dendrexetastes  rufigula  devillei  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  328,  329,  1910 — 
Humaytha  (diag.,  range);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  338,  1914 — 
Bom  Lugar,  Ponto  Alegre,  Rio  Punis;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A, 
Heft  10,  p.  80,  1920 — Chaquimayo,  s.e.  Peru. 

Range:  Eastern  Peru,  in  depts.  Loreto  (Iquitos,  Samiria,  Sara- 
yacu) and  Puno  (Chaquimayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya),  and  western  Bra- 
zil (Rio  Punis;  Humaytha,  left  bank  of  Rio  Madeira). 

Genus  HYLEXETASTES  Sclater. 

Hylexetastes  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1889,  p.  34 — type  Dendrocolaptes  perrotii 
LAFRESNAYE. 

*Hylexetastes   perrotii    perrotii    (Lafresnaye) .      RED-BILLED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  perrotii  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  7,  p.  80,  1844 — "Colombie"  = 
Cayenne;  idem,  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  6,  Ois.,  pi.  54,  1844 — "Colombie";  idem, 

type,  I  have  examined  an  adult  male  secured  by  E.  M.  Brigham  at  Para  on  March  8, 
1 88 1,  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington  (No.  105224).  While  not  strongly 
marked,  this  form  appears  to  be  separable  by  the  well  developed  postocular  stripe 
which  is  but  faintly  suggested  by  a  few  isolated  shaft  lines  in  four  out  of  twelve  speci- 
mens of  typical  rufigula  from  north  of  the  Amazon. 

*•  Whether  the  bird  from  Calama,  right  bank  of  the  lower  Rio  Madeira  (Dendrexe- 
tastes rufigula  subsp.,  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  327,  329,  1910)  is  really  separ- 
able, remains  to  be  ascertained. 

b  Dendrexetastes  rufigula  devillei  (LAFRESNAYE)  :  Differs  chiefly  from  its  allies  by 
lacking  the  white,  black  edged  markings  on  nape  and  sides  of  neck;  uniform  ochreous 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  275 

Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  101,  1850 — "Colombia";  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
23,  p.  142,  1855 — "Bogota"  (ex  LAFRESNAYE). 

Hylexetastes  perrotii  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  141,  1890 — Cayenne; 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  149,  1908 — Cayenne;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  339,  1914 — Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro). 

Range:  Eastern  Venezuela  (Rio  Yuruan);  French  and  British 
Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon 
(Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda) a. 

i :    British  Guiana  (Demerara  River  ib). 

Hyleretastes  perrotii  uniformis  Hellmayr0.    UNIFORM  WOOD-HEWER. 

Hylexetastes  uniformis  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  7,  p.  100,  1909 — 
Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  329,  1910 — Borba,  Calama, 
Rio  Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  339,  1914 — Rio  Madeira, 

Xiphocolaptes  perrotii  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  43,  1868 
— Borba  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Rio 
Madeira  (Borba,  Calama)  to  the  Tapaj6z  (Apacy,  Villa  Braga). 

Hylexetastes    stresemanni    stresemanni    Snethlage*.      STRESEMANN'S 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Hylexetastes  stresemanni  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  73,  p.  269,  1925 — Acajatuba. 
lower  Rio  Negro,  Brazil. 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil  (Acajutuba,  lower  Rio  Negro;  Mana- 
capuru,  north  bank  of  Rio  Solimoes). 

throat,  without  any  trace  of  white  stripes;  the  much  narrower  buff  shaft  lines  below 
being  restricted  to  the  foreneck;  paler  yellowish  gray  upper  bill. 
Material  examined. — Sarayacu  i,  Chaquimayo  i,  Humaytha  i. 

"Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Pied  Saut,  Oyapock  2.  Venezuela:  Rio 
Yuruan  i.  Brazil:  Obidos  15  (all  in  Carnegie  Museum,  Pittsburgh). 

b  An  adult  male,  collected  by  J.  Rodway  in  May  1908,  appears  to  constitute  the 
first  record  from  British  Guiana. 

0  Hylexetastes  perrotii  uniformis  HELLMAYR:  Differs  from  H.  p.  perrotii  in  smaller 
size  (wing  125-127  against  135-140,  tail  110-116  against  120-122);  in  lacking  the 
broad  buff y  white  band  descending  from  the  lores  to  the  lower  auriculars ;  in  having 
the  throat  earthy  brown  like  the  remainder  of  the  lower  parts  instead  of  buffy  white, 
and  no  trace  of  dusky  cross  bands  in  the  middle  of  the  abdomen. 

Material  examined. — Calama  l,  Borba  3,  Santarem  4,  Villa  Braga  4,  Apacy, 
Rio  Tapaj6z  i. 

d  Hylexetastes  stresemanni  stresemanni  SNETHLAGE:  Nearest  to  H.  p.  perrotii, 
but  throat  marked  with  dull  buffy  white  shaft  streaks,  coalescing  on  the  chin,  and 
spreading  out  and  narrowing  on  the  lower  throat  and  breast,  which  is  otherwise 
light  rufescent  brown  with  some  indication  of  dark  cross  barring;  rest  of  under 
parts  buffy,  regularly  but  narrowly  barred  with  blackish.  Wing  116-126;  bill  34-38. 

This  species  differs  from  H.  p.,  perrotii  by  streaked  (instead  of  plain  buffy  white) 
throat  and  strongly  barred  under  surface  which,  in  its  ally,  shows  faint  suggestions 
of  bars  only  on  the  lower  abdomen. 


276  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hylexetastes    stresemanni    undulatus    Todd*.      UNDULATED    WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Hylexetastes  undulatus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,    p.    80,    1925 — Sao 
Paulo  de  Olivenca,  Rio  Solimoes,  Brazil. 

Range:  Western  Brazil,  from  the  south  bank  of  the  Rio  Solimoes 
(Sao  Paulo  de  Olivenca)  south  to  the  Rio  Purus  (Hyutanahan). 

Genus  XIPHOCOLAPTES  Lesson. 

Xiphocolaptes  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  p.  269,  1840 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY, 
1855,  P-  28)  Dendrocopus  albicollis  VIEILLOT. 

*Xiphocolaptes  albicollis  albicollis  (  Vieillof).   WHITE-THROATED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocopus  albicollis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  26,  p.  117, 

1818 — "Bre'sil"  (the  type  examined  in  Paris  Museum  was  obtained  by  Dela- 

lande,  Jr.,  at  Rio  de  Janeiro.) 
Dendrocolaptes  decumanus  LiCHTENSTEiNb,  Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the 

years  1820-21,  phys.  Kl.,  p.  256,  263,  pi.  i,  fig.  i,  1822 — part,  type  from 

Prov.  Sao  Paulo  (excl.  Azara  No.  241,  Paraguay);  idem,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner 

Mus.,  p.  16,  1823 — San  Paulo  (excl.  cit.  Azara  No.  241);  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i, 

p.  86,  pi.  87,  1824 — Brazil  (spec,  examined);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Cbers.  Th. 

Bras.,  3,  p.  10,  1856 — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio. 
Dendrocolaptes  crassirostris  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  p.   115,  April  1825 — above 

Goaytacazes  =  Campos,  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro. 
Dendrocolaptes  guttatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN  1820)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras., 

3  (2),  p.  1 120,  1831 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Cabo  Frio,  and  Rio  Espirito  Santo; 

ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  248,  1889  (crit.). 
Xiphocolaptes  argentinus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  5,  Feb.  1890 — 

"Buenos  Aires"  (type  examined");  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  334, 

1914  (crit.). 
Xiphocolaptes  paranensis  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  68,  1901 — Djaguara- 

sapa,  Alto  Parana,  Paraguay. 
Dendrocolaptes  albicollis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag. 

Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  10,  1838 — part,  Corrientes;  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool., 

(2)  2,  p.  98,  1850 — Brazil  (monog.). 

*  Hylexetastes  stresemanni  undulatus  TODD:  "Closely  allied  to  H.  s.  stresemanni, 
but  much  more  olivaceous,  less  rufescent,  especially  below,  with  the  cross  barring 
more  regular  and  prominent."  (Tooo,  in  litt.). 

b  Dendrocolaptes  cyanotis  LICHTENSTEIN  (Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the 
years  1818-19,  P-  201,  1820;  I.e.  for  1820-21,  p.  264,  1822 — based  on  "Le  Grand 
Grimpar"  LEVAILLANT,  Hist.  Nat.  Promerops,  p.  66,  pi.  25,  1807 — "Brdsil"),  some- 
times quoted  as  a  possible  synonym  of  D.  albicollis,  appears  to  me  absolutely  uniden- 
tifiable. 

0  The  type  (U.  S.  National  Museum  No.  14726)  is  an  old  mounted  specimen, 
faded  through  exposure  to  light,  with  discolored*  bill.  The  locality  is  no  doubt 
erroneous,  no  representative  of  this  genus  having  ever  been  found  near  Buenos  Aires. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  277 

Xiphocolaptes  albicollis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  43,  1868 — Registre  do  Sai, 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  Ypanema,  Curytiba  (spec,  examined);  HAMILTON,  Ibis,  1871, 
p.  304 — Itapetininga,  Sao  Paulo;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  253,  1873 — 
Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina;  CABANIS,  I.e.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio; 
WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  613 — San  Javier,  Misiones;  BERLEPSCH  and 
IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  a,  p.  146,  1885 — Taquara  and  Arroio  Grande,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  200,  1888 — Misiones; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  142,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-e,  g-o,  Brazil, 
Paraguay;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  3,  1890 — part,  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  Santa  Catharina,  and  Misiones;  idem,  I.e.,  13,  p.  48,  1890 — Brazil; 
IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  130,  1899 — Mundo  Novo; 
idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  230,  1899 — Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 
— Novo  Friburgo  and  Cantagallo,  Rio;  MIRANDA,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  13,  p.  182,  1906 — Caminho  do  Couto,  Itatiaya;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl. 
2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  631,  1906  (crit.);  MENEGAUX  and  HELL- 
MAYR, Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  in,  1906 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Goyaz, 
and  Minas;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  250,  1907 — Bauru  and  Alto  da 
Serra  (Sao  Paulo)  and  Itatiaya  (Minas);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  65, 
1908 — Fazenda  Esperanga,  Goyaz;  LUDERWALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  27, 
P-  352,  1909 — Itatiaya;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  305, 
1910 — Posadas,  Misiones;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie, 
5,  p.  479,  497,  1912 — Vera  Guarany,  Parana. 

Xiphocolaptes  albicollis  paranensis  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  352 — Sapucay,  Paraguay. 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Goyaz,  Minas  Geraes,  and 
Espirito  Santo  south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul ;  adjacent  provinces  of  Argen- 
tina (Misiones  and  Corrientes),  and  Paraguay  (Alto  Parana,  Sapucay) a. 

3:  Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i; 
Sao  Paulo,  Victoria  i,  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Parana- 
panema  i). 

*Xiphocolaptes    albicollis    bahiae    Coryb.      BAHIA    WHITE-THROATED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

a  Specimens  from  S5o  Paulo  and  southward  are  more  olivaceous,  less  tawny, 
particularly  below,  and  have  less  rufous  on  the  rump  than  a  series  from  Rio  de 
Janeiro.  Two  examples  from  Minas  Geraes  (Rio  das  Velhas,  and  Agua  Suja,  near 
Bagagem)  and  one  from  Paraguay  (paranensis  BERTONI)  also  belong  to  this  oliva- 
ceous variety.  If  separable,  its  earliest  name  would  be  X.  a.  argentinus  since  Ridg- 
way's  type  closely  agrees  with  one  of  our  specimens  from  Sao  Paulo. 

Material  examined. — Rio  de  Janeiro  7,  Espirito  Santo  (Victoria)  i,  Minas  Ger- 
aes 2,  Sao  Paulo  7,  Parana  i,  Santa  Catharina  2,  Paraguay  (Bernalcue")  i. 

b  Xiphocolaptes  albicollis  bahiae  CORY:  Very  similar  to  X.  a.  albicollis,  but  lacks 
the  black  bars  on  the  lower  breast,  abdomen,  and  under  tail-coverts,  there  being 
but  a  limited  number  of  small,  dusky  spots  along  the  middle  of  the  lower  belly.  The 
buff  streaks  on  the  crown  are  somewhat  narrower,  while  its  ground  color  appears  to 
be  dark  sepia  rather  than  black.  Bill  deep  black  as  in  X.  a.  albicollis. 

The  type  (and  only  specimen  seen)  being  stained  with  clay  about  the  head  and 
under  parts,  I  am  unable  to  ascertain  whether  other  differences  of  coloration  exist 
or  not.  By  the  lighter,  less  blackish  pileum,  less  distinctly  streaked  auriculars,  and 
absence  of  black  barring  underneath  X.  a.  bahiae  seems  to  form  the  transition  to 
X.  falcirostris,  of  northeastern  Brazil. 


278  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Xiphocolaptes  bahiae  CORY,  Auk,  36,  p.  540,  1919 — Macaco  Secco,  near  Andar- 

ahy,  Bahia. 
Xiphocolaptes  albicollis  belmontensis  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  102,  col. 

pi.,  fig.  2,  1920 — Belmonte,  Bahia. 
Xiphocolaptes  albicollis  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  142, 

1890 — part,  spec,  f,  Bahia;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  3,  1890 — 

part,  Bahia. 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Bahia  (Macaco  Secco,  near 
Andarahy;  Belmonte). 

i :    Brazil  (Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy  i). 

*Xiphocolaptes  falcirostris   (Spix)*.     BUFF-CHEEKED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  falcirostris  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  86,  pi.  88,  1824 — locality  not 

stated  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 
Xiphocolaptes  cinnamomeus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  15,  Feb. 

1890 — "Bahia"  (the  type  examined  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  is  a  Ceara  skin). 
Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  iguatensis  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub., 

Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  341,  1916 — Jua,  near  Iguatu,  Ceara. 
Xiphocolaptes  albicollis  villadenovae  (corrected  to  villanovae  on  Errata  slip)  LIMA, 

Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  104,  col.  pi.,  fig.  i,  1920 — Villa  Nova,  Bahia. 
Xiphocolaptes  falcirostris    HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.   2.   Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,    22, 

No.  3,  p.  631,  1906  (crit.  on  type);    REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 

Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  67,  1910 — Fazenda  da  Porteira,  Cantinho,  and  Os  Mos- 

quins,  Rio  Preto,   Bahia;  Os  Umbus  and  Sao  Gongalinho,  Rio  Parnayhba, 

Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  northern  parts  of  State  of  Bahia 
(Villa  Nova  and  Rio  Preto) ,  and  in  states  of  Ceara,  Piauhy,  and  Maranhao. 

6:  Ceara  (Jua,  near  Iguatu  4);  Maranhao  (Cod6  i);  Piauhy 
(Ibiapaba  i). 

*Xiphocolaptes    promeropirhynchus    emigrans    Sclater    and    Salvinb. 
GUATEMALAN  WOOD-HEWER. 

a  Xiphocolaptes  falcirostris  (Snx) :  Immediately  distinguishable  from  X,  albi- 
collis bahiae  by  much  slenderer,  horn  color  (instead  of  black)  bill,  and  cinnamon 
brown  pileum  (hardly  different  from  color  of  back)  with  hair  like  buff  shaft  lines; 
also  by  cinnamon  rufous  (instead  of  chestnut  rufous)  rump ;  much  more  conspicuous 
(buff  or  golden  buff)  loral  spot,  postocular  streak  and  malar  stripe;  paler,  wood  brown 
rather  than  blackish  brown  maxillary  stripe;  much  paler,  wood  brown  or  buffy  cin- 
namon brown  under  parts,  very  rarely  with  suggestions  of  grayish  brown  transverse 
markings  in  the  middle  of  the  lower  abdomen.  Wing  (male)  128-135,  (female)  127- 
133;  tail  102-116;  bill  45-52. 

In  young  birds  the  bill  is  shorter,  stouter,  and  almost  entirely  black.  X.  falciros- 
tris may  prove  to  be  a  pale,  northern  race  of  X.  albicollis. 

Material  examined. — Bahia:  Rio  Preto  5.  Piauhy:  Os  Umbus  i,  Sao  Gongalinho 
i,  Ibiapaba  r.  Maranhao:  Cod6  i.  Ceara:  Jua,  near  Iguatu  4,  unspecified  i. 
"Brazil"  (type  of  D.  falcirostris)  i. 

b  This  and  the  other  Central  American  forms  are  clearly  races  of  X.  promero- 
pirhynchus from  which  they  merely  differ  by  slight  variations  in  color  and  markings. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  279 

Xipliocolaptes  emigrans  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  i,  p.  118,  1859 — San  Geron- 
imo,  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala;  idem,  Exotic  Orn.,  p.  69,  pi.  35,  1867 — part, 
Guatemala;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  7,  1890 — Guatemala 
(monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  13,  p.  145,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-e, 
British  Honduras,  and  Guatemala  (Cajab6n,  San  Geronimo,  Poctum);  SAL- 
VIN and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  183,  1891 — part,  British 
Honduras,  and  Guatemala;  idem,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  327 — Matagalpa,  Nicaragua. 

Xiphocolaptes  emigrans  emigrans  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  237,  1911 — southern  Mexico  to  northern  Nicaragua  (monog.). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  State  of  Chiapas),  south  through 
Guatemala  and  British  Honduras  to  northern  Nicaragua  (Matagalpa, 
San  Rafael  del  Norte). 

i :    Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del  Norte  i). 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  sclateri  Ridgway.    SCLATER'S  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  sclateri  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  6,  Feb.  1890 — 
Orizaba,  Mexico;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  143,  1890 — La  Parada, 
Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Xiphocolaptes  albicollis  ?  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25, 
p.  202,  1857 — Jalapa,  Vera  Cruz. 

Xiphocolaptes  emigrans  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1859,  p.  118 — part,  Jalapa; 
idem,  Exotic  Orn.,  p.  69,  1867 — part,  Jalapa;  SUMICHRAST,  Mem.  Boston 
Soc.  N.  H.,  i,  p.  554,  1869 — Orizaba,  Vera  Cruz  (habits);  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  183,  1891 — part,  Orizaba  (Vera  Cruz), 
La  Parada  and  Tonaguia  (Oaxaca). 

Xiphocolaptes  emigrans  sclateri  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  238,  1911 — southeastern  Mexico  (monog.). 

Range :    Southeastern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Vera  Cruz  and  Oaxaca. 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  omiltemensis   Nelson.     GUERRERO 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  emigrans  omiltemensis  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  16,  p.  153, 
1903 — Omilteme,  Guerrero;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  239,  1911 — Omilteme. 

Xiphocolaptes  emigrans  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  183,  1891 — part,  Omilteme. 

Range:    Southwestern  Mexico,  in  State  of  Guerrero  (Omilteme). 

*Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  costaricensis  Ridgway.     CARTAGO 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  emigrans  costaricensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  MUS.,'II,  p.  541, 
Sept.  1889 — Naranjo  de  Cartago,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  p.£8,  1890 — • 


280  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Costa  Rica  (monog.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  655,  1910 — 
Costa  Rica;  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  271,  1910 — 
Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  239, 
1911 — Costa  Rica  (monog.). 

Xiphocolaptes  emigrans  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  145,  1890 — part,  spec,  f,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  183,  1891 — part,  Costa  Rica. 

Range :     Highlands  of  Costa  Rica. 

2:    Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  i,  inland  of  Limon  i). 

Xiphocolaptes    promeropirhynchus    procerus    Cabanis    and     Heine''. 
CARACAS  WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  procerus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  36,  1859 — Cara- 
cas (types  in  Heine  Coll.  examined) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Exot.  Orn.,  p.  72, 
1868 — Venezuela;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  19,  1890  (ex 
CABANIS  and  HEINE). 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  (not  of  LESSON)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1868,  p.  167 — Caripe",  Bermudez;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  144,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Caripe",  Venezuela. 

Xiphocolaptes  procurvus  (lapsu)  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  13,  p.  47,  1890 
(crit.,  descr.). 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  procerus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Nat- 
urg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  in,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  (crit.). 

Range:  North  coast  Mountains  of  Venezuela,  from  Bermudez 
(Caripe')  west  to  Carabobo  (Cumbre  de  Valencia). 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  sanctae-martae  subsp.  nov.b    SANTA 

MARTA  WOOD-HEWER. 
Xiphocolaptes  procerus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 

B  Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  procerus  CABANIS  and  HEINE:  Closely  allied 
to  X.  p.  promeropirhynchus,  but  bill  somewhat  longer,  slenderer  and,  as  a  rule  paler, 
horn  color  instead  of  blackish;  under  parts  lighter,  olivaceous  or  buffy  brown,  less 
rufescent,  with  narrower  streaks;  throat  more  whitish;  black  spots  on  middle  of 
abdomen  either  absent  or  but  slightly  indicated;  size  smaller.  Wing  125-135;  tail 
107-120;  bill  46-52.  Two  specimens  from  the  mountains  inland  of  Cumana  appear 
to  agree  with  a  series  from  the  type  locality  and  the  mountains  of  Carabobo. 

Material  examined. — Bermudez:  Caripe"  2.  Dept.  Federal  Occidental:  Silla  de 
Caracas  2,  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  5.  Carabobo:  Cumbre  de  Valencia  n,  Las 
Quiguas  i,  Sierra  de  Carabobo  i. 

b  Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  sanctae-martae  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  San  Lorenzo,  Santa  Marta  Mountains,  Colombia  in  Carnegie  Mu- 
seum, No.  42405.  Adult  male.  February  3,  1913.  M.  A.  Carriker,  Jr. 

Very  similar  to  X.  p.  procerus,  but  larger,  with  longer,  paler  bill;  throat  more 
buffy  and  on  lower  portion  variegated  with  brownish  edges ;  under  parts  on  average 
more  brownish,  and  paler  streaks  decidedly  narrower.  Wing  137-145;  tail  119-128; 
bill  51-55- 

Material  examined. — San  Lorenzo  4,  Cincinnati  5,  Macotama  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  281 

Wash.,  12,  p.  177,  1898 — Macotama;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13, 
P-  157,  1900 — Valparaiso,  El  Libano,  San  Lorenzo,  and  Las  Nubes. 
Xiphocolaptes  procerus  fortis  (not  of  Heine)  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  14,  p.  279,  1922 — Las  Nubes,  Cincinnati,  San  Lorenzo,  Cerro  de 
Caracas,  Las  Taguas,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta,  Las  Vegas,  Paramo 
de  Mamarongo,  and  Heights  of  Chirua  (crit.). 

Range :    Santa  Marta  Mountains,  northern  Colombia. 

Xiphocolaptes    promeropirhynchus    rostratus    Todd*.      LARGE-BILLED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  procerus  rostratus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  30,  p.  5,  1917 — • 
Jaraquiel,  Bolivar,  Colombia  (type  examined). 

Range:    Northwestern  Colombia  (Jaraquiel,  State  of  Bolivar). 

"Xiphocolaptes     promeropirhynchus     promeropirhynchus      (Lesson). 
BLACK-BILLED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  p.  270,  1840 — no  local- 
ity given,  we  suggest  Bogota,  Colombia;  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2, 
p.  99,  1850 — Colombia  (monog.);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  142,  1855 — 
Bogota. 

Xiphocolaptes  promeroporhynchus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  36, 
1859 — "New  Granada." 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870, 
p.  781 — upper  wood  region  of  Me"rida;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  523 — Santa  Elena 
and  Remedies,  Antioquia;  BERLEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  4,  p.  185,  1887 — 
Bogotd;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  10,  1890 — Bogota  (monog.); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  144,  1890 — part,  spec,  c-m,  M6rida,  Bogo- 
ta, Medellin,  Santa  Elena,  and  Remedies;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 
36,  p.  422,  1917 — Salento,  Laguneta,  Rio  Toch^,  La  Candela,  and  La  Palma 
(central  Andes),  Fusugasuga,  Aguadita,  El  Pinon,  and  Subia  (eastern  Andes), 
Colombia. 

Xiphocolaptes  virgatus  RiDGWAYb,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  n,  Feb.  1890 — 
locality  unknown  (type  examined). 

a  Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  rostratus  TODD:  Nearest  to  X.  p.  sanctae-martae 
but  bill  much  larger  (deeper  and  stouter,  though  not  constantly  longer) ;  back  more 
rufous  brown  and  narrowly  streaked  with  buff;  throat  plain  buff,  not  edged  with 
brown;  under  parts  much  more  tawny  and  much  more  broadly  striped  with  buffy. 
Wing  137-145;  tail  112-120;  bill  51-57. 

This  well  characterized  form  combines  the  strongly  rufescent,  broadly  streaked 
under  surface  of  promeropirhynchus  with  the  elongated,  pale  horn  color  bill  of  sanctae- 
martae.  From  X.  p.  costaricensis  it  may  be  separated  by  its  huge  bill  and  much  more 
rufous  coloration  throughout. 

Material  examined. — Jaraquiel,  Bolivar  (including  the  type)  4. 

b  The  type  of  X.  virgatus,  a  skin  of  unknown  origin,  presumably  from  Antioquia, 
appears  to  be  inseparable  from  X.  promeropirhynchus  which  is  subject  to  much  indi- 
vidual variation  in  intensity  of  coloration  as  well  as  in  amount  of  streaking  both 
above  and  below.  Some  of  our  Me"rida  examples  have  the  upper  back  and  wing- 
coverts  even  more  strongly  streaked  than  the  type,  and  in  one  of  them  the  pale 


282  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range :  Subtropical  and  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Central  and  East- 
ern Andes  of  Colombia,  and  western  Venezuela  (Andes  of  Me"rida). 

16:  Colombia  (Bogotd  2,  Anolaima  i,  Antioquia  i,  Paramo  de 
Tama  2);  Venezuela  (Rio  Mucujon  i,  El  Valle  2,  Capar  i,  Culata  6). 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  fortis  Heine*.  HEINE'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  fortis  HEINE,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  185,  1860 — locality  unknown  (type 
in  Heine  Collection  examined);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  19, 
1890  (ex  HEINE). 

Range :    Unknown. 

Xiphocolaptes    promeropirhynchus    ignotus    Ridgway*.      RIDGWAY 's 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  ignotus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  13,  Feb.  1890 — 
Ecuador  (type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York  exam- 
ined; =juv.). 

Xiphocolaptes  saturatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  14  (in  text), 
Feb.  1890 — "Guayaquil",  Ecuador  (the  type  examined  in  the  U.  S.  National 
Museum  is  a  skin  of  the  well  known  "Quito"  make). 

Xiphocolaptes  compressirostris  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  TACZANOWSKI  and  BER- 
LEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  98 — San  Rafael;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  26,  1899 — La  Concepciori,  Valle  del  Chota. 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  (not  of  LESSON)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27, 
p.  140,  1859 — Pallatanga;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  144,  1890 — part, 
spec,  n-p,  Chiquinda  and  Sarayacu  (spec,  examined) ;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis, 
1902,  p.  63 — "Baeza"  (spec,  examined). 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  crassirostris  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  LONNBERG 
and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  .25,  p.  70,  1922 — Algonguincha  and  Pig- 
anta,  Mojanda. 

Range:    Andes  of  Ecuador  (except  southwestern  section). 

stripes  underneath  are  very  nearly  as  wide.  Even  in  the  pale  color  of  the  bill,  the 
type  is  matched  by  one  of  T.  K.  Salmon's  skins  from  Antioquia  (exact  locality  not 
stated)  in  our  collection,  and  closely  approached  by  another  from  Bogotd. 

A  series  from  M£rida  I  cannot  satisfactorily  distinguish  from  those  of  Colombia, 
although,  sometimes,  they  are  more  distinctly  streaked  on  the  back. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  18,  Anolaima  i,  Antioquia  i,  Paramo 
de  Tama  2;  Venezuela,  Andes  of  Merida  13. 

a  See  Addenda  A  on  page  378. 

b  Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  ignotus  RIDGWAY:  Differs  from  X.  p.  promer- 
opirhynchus by  much  larger  and  paler  (horn  color)  bill  and  much  more  rufous  colora- 
tion, the  pileum  being  deep  bister  or  Vandyke  brown  like  the  back  (instead  of  decid- 
edly darker  and  more  blackish  than  the  latter)  with  the  buff  streaks  much  narrower 
and  strictly  confined  to  the  shafts;  the  rump  and  tail  much  darker  chestnut;  the 
under  parts  raw  umber,  but  slightly  lighter  than  the  back,  with  the  buff  stripes  wider 
and  laterally  edged  with  black,  while  the  center  of  the  abdomen  is  more  heavily 
marked  with  transverse  spots  of  black.  In  the  narrow  streaking  of  the  head,  this 
form  resembles  X.  p.  lineatocephalus,  but  is  of  a  much  deeper,  more  rufous  brown  col- 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  283 

Xiphocolaptes     promeropirhynchus     crassirostris     Taczanowski     and 
Berlepsoh*.     STRONG-BILLED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  crassirostris  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  113 — Palmal,  Rio  Tumbez,  Prov.  El  Oro,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Southwestern  Ecuador  (in  prov.  of  El  Oro  and  Loja)  and 
adjacent  parts  of  northwestern  Peru  (Dept.  Piura). 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  compressirostris  Taczanowski.  THIN- 
BILLED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  compressirostris  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  28 — Ray- 
Urmana,  above  Chirimoto,  and  Tambillo,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  172, 
1884 — part,  Chirimoto  and  Tambillo;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12, 
p.  13,  1890 — part,  Peru. 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  ?  (not  of  LESSON)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  231 — Tambillo. 

oration  throughout,  and  has  a  much  larger,  stouter  bill.  Wing  145-148;  tail  115- 
130;  bill  48-52. 

This  is  the  Xiphocolaptes  of  the  Quito  region.  Besides  the  type  of  X.  saturates, 
evidently  a  Quito  skin,  though  secured  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Jones  at  Guayaquil,  I  have 
examined  ten  additional  specimens  from  Ecuador.  While  there  can  be  no 
doubt  as  to  its  distinctness,  this  form  is  closely  approached  by  certain  Bogota 
skins  in  rufous  brown  coloration  and  certainly  constitutes  but  a  strongly  marked 
geographical  race  of  promeropirhynchus. 

The  type  of  X.  ignotus,  a  mounted  faded  specimen,  I  have  little  doubt  is  merely 
a  bird  in  juvenile  plumage  of  the  same  species.  It  agrees  with  the  type  of  X.  saturatus 
in  markings  of  head  and  rufous  coloration,  but  owing  to  exposure  to  light,  it  is 
much  lighter  everywhere,  especially  on  rump,  wings  and  tail,  while  the  blackish 
edges  to  the  pale  streaks  underneath  are  broken  into  irregular  spots,  as  is  also  the 
case  in  the  juvenile  plumage  of  the  allied  species.  The  bill  has  not  attained  its  full 
length  yet. 

Material  examined. — Pichincha  2,  Quito  2,  Bafios  2,  Chiquinda  2,  "Sarayacu"  i, 
"Baeza"  i,  "Guayaquil"  i,  "Ecuador"  i. 

8  Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  crassirostris  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH: 
Most  closely  related  to,  and  agreeing  with  X.  p.  procerus  in  blackish  brown,  broadly 
streaked  pileum,  nearly  white  (plain)  throat,  postocular  and  subauricular  stripe,  and 
pale  olivaceous  or  buffy  brown  under  parts;  but  bill  slenderer  with  terminal  portion 
paler  horn  gray,  streaks  underneath  somewhat  wider,  middle  of  abdomen  and  under 
tail-coverts  more  heavily  spotted  with  black,  markings  on  head  more  whitish,  less 
buffy.  Wing  (male)  135,  (female)  127;  tail  no;  bill  49-50. 

This  form  is  quite  distinct  from  the  geographically  nearest  X.  p.  ignotus,  differ- 
ing by  its  blackish  pileum  with  much  broader  buffy  whitish  streaks,  much  paler, 
olive  brown  instead  of  raw  umber  or  deep  bister  brown  coloration,  much  narrower 
streaking  beneath  without  conspicuous  blackish  lateral  borders,  whitish  (instead  of 
buff)  markings  on  sides  of  head,  plain  white  throat,  smaller  size,  and  paler  bill. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Alamor,  Prov.  Loja  i.  Peru:  Lajilla,  Prov. 
Piura  i .  Both  in  collection  of  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York. 

b  Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  compressirostris  TACZANOWSKI:  Very  nearly 
related  to  X.  p.  lineatocephalus  of  Bolivia,  but  throat  feathers  deeper  buff,  broadly 
edged  with  olive  brown  laterally;  rump  suffused  with  olive  brown  instead  of  being 
plain  chestnut  rufous  like  the  tail ;  bill  slightly  longer  and  paler  horn  gray.  Similar 
to  X.  p*  phaeopygus  in  coloration  of  throat,  but  rump  more  or  less  mixed  with 


284  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  northern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Cajamarca 
(Tambillo,  Cutervo),  Amazonas  (Leimabamba),  and  San  Martin  (Mt. 
Ray-Urmana,  above  Chirimoto,  Valley  of  Huayabamba). 

Xiphocolaptes   promeropirhynchus   phaeopygus    Berkpsch  and  Stolz- 
mann*.    BROWN-RUMPED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  phaeopygus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  377 — Culumachay,  Maraynioc,  Peru  (type  examined). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  central  Peru,  in  Dept.  Junin  (Culu- 
machay, Chelpes). 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  lineatocephalus    (Gray)b.     OLIVA- 
CEOUS WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  lineatocephalus  GRAY,  Genera  of  Birds,  I,  pi.  43,  1847 — no  locality 
given;  idem,  Handlist  Gen.  &  Spec.  Birds,  i,  p.  176,  1869 — type  stated  to  be 
from  Bolivia  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  simpliciceps  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  100,  1850 — 
Yungas,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  (not  of  LESSON)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873, 
p.  780 — Huasampilla,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e., 
1879,  p.  622 — Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  144, 
1890 — part,  spec,  q-u,  Huasampilla,  Tilotilo. 

Xiphocolaptes  simpliciceps  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  18,  1890 
(ex  LAFRESNAYE)  ;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  112,  1906 — Yungas  (crit.). 

chestnut  rufous,   pileum  conspicuously  streaked  with  buff,  bill  longer  and  paler. 
Wing  (six  specimens)  142-148;  tail  120-130;  bill  45-48. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Cutervo  (Berlepsch  Collection)  i,  Leimabamba 
4,  Huayabamba  i. 

a  Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  phaeopygus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  Very 
similar  to  X.  p.  lineatocephalus,  but  pileum  almost  uniform  (there  being  but  a  few 
hair  like  shaft  lines  on  the  nape) ;  rump  brown,  just  a  little  more  rufescent  than  the 
back,  only  the  longest  upper  tail-coverts  dull  chestnut  rufous;  sides  of  the  head 
heavily  streaked  with  dusky,  the  buff  subauricular  streak  being  consequently  oblit- 
erated; throat,  almost  up  to  the  chin,  strongly  edged  with  olive  brown;  pale  streak- 
ing on  breast  slightly  narrower.  Wing  (male)  138,  (female)  133;  tail  115-120;  bill 
43-46. 

While  this  form  is  easily  separable  from  the  Bolivian  race,  more  material  is 
needed  to  corroborate  its  distinctness  from  compressirostris  of  northern  Peru. 

Material  examined. — Peru,  Junin:   Culumachay  i,  Chelpes  i. 

b  Most  of  the  specimens  have  narrow,  criniform  shaft  streaks  on  the  pileum  like 
the  Ecuadorian  X.  p.  ignotus,  though,  sometimes,  they  are  hardly  apparent.  The 
Huasampilla  bird  approaches  phaeopygus  by  having  the  throat  more  buff  y  and  slightly 
edged  with  brownish. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia :  Yungas  (type  of  D.  simpliciceps)  i ;  San  Cristobal  i ; 
Dept.  Cochabamba,  Incachaca  6,  Cocapata  3,  Roquefalda  i,  Yungas  of  Coch- 
amba  i.  Peru:  Huasampilla  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  285 

Range:  Andes  of  Bolivia  (Cocapata,  San  Cristobal,  Incachaca, 
Roquefalda,  Yungas  of  Cochabamba)  and  southeastern  Peru  (Hua- 
sampilla,  Dept.  Cuzco). 

Xiphocolaptes  orenocensis  orenocensis  Berlepsch  and  Hartert*.    ORIN- 

OCAN  WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  orenocensis  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  65,  1902 — 
Nericagua  (type)  and  Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco  (spec,  examined);  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  269,  1916 — same  localities. 

Range:    Venezuela,  on  the  upper  Orinoco  (Munduapo,  Nericagua). 

Xiphocolaptes  orenocensis  berlepschi  Sneihlage*.    BERLEPSCH'S  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  berlepschi  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  15, 
1908 — Cachoeira,  Rio  Punis,  Brazil  (type  examined);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  p.  339,  1914 — Cachoeira. 

Xiphocolaptes  promeropirhynchus  subsp.  ?,  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1896,  p.  377 — La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo,  Peru  (spec,  examined). 

a  Xiphocolaptes  orenocensis  orenocensis  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT:  Not  unlike 
X.  p.  promeropirhynchus  in  general  coloration,  notably  in  having  the  pileum  black- 
ish with  strongly  defined  buff  streaks;  but  bill  very  much  larger  (longer  as  well  as 
heavier)  and  pale  grayish  horn  color  instead  of  blackish;  no  plain  buff  subocular 
stripe,  this  region  being  streaked  with  blackish  like  the  auriculars;  chestnut  of  rump, 
wings  and  tail  deeper;  upper  and  under  parts  darker  and  less  olivaceous;  pale  stripes 
below  wider.  Wing  139-145;  tail  121-127;  bill  50-52. 

X.  orenocensis  and  its  southern  allies  appear  to  be  specifically  distinct  from 
X.  promeropirhynchus,  though  they  may  ultimately  prove  to  be  its  representatives 
in  the  Tropical  Zone.  They  are,  however,  very  little  known  and  their  proper  rela- 
tionship requires  further  investigation  with  the  aid  of  more  satisfactory  series. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:   Nericagua  (the  type)  i,  Munduapo  2. 

b  Xiphocolaptes  orenocensis  berlepschi  SNETHLAGE:  Very  nearly  related  to  the 
typical  race,  but  breast  and  abdomen  strongly  suffused  with  cinnamon  rufous  or 
Sanford's  brown;  middle  of  abdomen  with  but  a  few  indistinct,  or  without  any  black- 
ish transverse  spots;  streaks  on  crown  more  whitish,  less  buffy. 

There  is  some  variation  in  the  extent  and  intensity  of  the  rufous  color  on  the 
lower  parts,  in  five  skins  from  the  Rio  Punis,  including  the  type.  Three  specimens 
from  the  Tapaj6z  merely  differ  by  darker  bill,  slightly  more  spotted  belly,  and  by 
having  the  upper  back  finely  streaked  with  buff.  Birds  from  Peru,  on  the  other 
hand,  generally  have  shorter  bills  and  much  less  rusty  suffusion  beneath,  approach- 
ing X .  o.  obsoletus,  from  Bolivia. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Four  males  from  the  Rio  Punis          145,146,147,147     125,130,130,137     50,50,52,58 
One  female  from  the  Rio  Punis  138  125  52 

Two  males  from  the  Rio  Tapaj6z       139,140  125,125  53,55 

One  female  from  the  Rio  Tapaj6z       147  123  55 

One  male  from  Yahuarmayo,  Peru       137  116  47 

One  male  from  Rio  Tavara,  Peru        143  118  48 

One  female  from  La  Gloria,  Peru        142  115  49 

One  male  from  Pozuzo,  Peru  133  no  45 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Rio  Punis:  Cachoeira  (the  type)  i,  Nova  Olinda  i, 
Hyutanahan  3.  Rio  Tapaj6z:  Apacy  i,  Santarem  i,  Colonia  do  Mojuy,  Santarem  i. 
Peru,  Dept.  Cuzco:  Marcapata  i,  Rio  Tavara  i;  Yahuarmayo,  Dept.  Puno  i; 
La  Gloria,  Dept.  Junin  i;  Pozuzo,  Dept.  Huanuco  i. 


286  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tapajoz 
(Santarem,  Colonia  do  Mojuy,  Apacy)  to  the  Punis,  and  eastern  Peru, 
in  depts.  of  Huanuco  (Pozuzo),  Junin  (La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo) , 
Cuzco  Marcapata,  Rio  Tavara),  and  Puno  (Yahuarmayo,  Carabaya). 

Xiphocolaptes    orenocensis    obsoletus    Todd*.      STEINBACH'S    WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  obsoletus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  30,  p.  5,  1917 — Rio  Yapa- 
cani,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  (Rio  Yapacani,  Cerro 
Hosane). 

"Xiphocolaptes    major    major    ( Vieillof).      GREAT    RUFOUS    WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocopus  major  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  ed.,  26,  p.  118,  1818 
— Abased  on  "Trepadore  Grande"  Azara,  No.  241,  Paraguay. 

Dendrocolapies  rubiginosus  LAFRESNAYE,  Mag.  Zool.,  2,  cl.  2,  pi.  16,  1833 — 
"Buenos  Ayres"  (errore). 

Dendrocolaptes  major  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  103,  1850 — part, 
descr.  and  hab.  Paraguay  and  "Buenos  Aires";  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ, 
Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  400,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Dendrocolaptes  cyanotis  (not  of  LiCHTENSTEiNb)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th. 
Bras.,  3,  p.  n,  1856 — part,  Paraguay  (excl.  syn.  D.  fakir ostris  SPIX). 

Xiphocolaptes  major  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Exotic  Orn.,  p.  71,  1868 — part,  Para- 
guay; SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  359 — Tucuman;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35, 
p.  15,  119,  1887 — Lambare,  Paraguay  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  HUD- 
SON, Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  201,  1888 — part,  Paraguay  and  Argentina;  DALGLEISH, 
Proc.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edin.,  10,  p.  80,  1889 — Est.  Ytanu,  south  of  Asuncidn, 
Paraguay  (eggs  descr.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  145,  1890 — part, 
Argentina  and  Paraguay,  and  spec,  e,  Tucuman;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  12,  p.  16,  1890 — Paraguay  and  Argentina  (monog.);  KERR,  Ibis,  1892, 
p.  133 — Fortin  Page,  lower  Pilcomayo;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino, 
10,  No.  208,  p.  13,  1895 — Baranquera  la  Novia,  Puerto  Pagani,  and  Colonia 
Risso,  Paraguay;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  21,  1897 — part,  Tala,  Salta;  KERR, 
Ibis,  1901,  p.  226 — Conception  and  Paraguayan  Chaco;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus. 

''Xiphocolaptes  orenocensis  obsoletus  TODD:  Similar  to  X.  o.  berlepschi,  but  bill 
smaller  (shorter  as  well  as  slenderer);  streaks  on  crown  more  deeply  buff;  sides  of 
head  more  heavily  striped  with  blackish;  under  parts  decidedly  darker,  about  raw 
umber,  with  narrower  light  streaks  and  very  little,  if  any,  rusty  suffusion  on  abdom- 
inal line.  Wing  140-145;  tail  119-124;  bill  47-48. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Rio  Yapacani  2,  Cerro  Hosane  i. 

b  Dendrocolaptes  cyanotis  LICHTENSTEIN  (Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the 
years  1818-19,  P-  201,  1820;  I.e.  for  1820-21,  p.  264,  1822 — based  on  "Le  Grand 
Grimpar"  LEVAILLANT,  Hist.  Nat.  Promerops,  p.  66,  pi.  25,  1807 — "Bresil")  appears 
to  me  absolutely  unidentifiable. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  287 

Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  192,  1902 — Tafi  Viejo,  Tapia,  and  Vipos,  Tucumdn; 
idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  54,  1905 — same  localities;  BAER,  Ornis,  12, 
p.  223,  1904 — Santa  Ana  and  Tapia,  Tucumdn;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata, 
ii,  p.  255,  1904 — Rosario,  Salta;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  306,  1910 — part,  excl.  Jujuy;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  250,  1907 — 
part,  Santiago  del  Estero;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  532 — Sapucay;  GRANT,  I.e., 
IQII,  p.  134 — Puerto  San  Juan  and  Villa  Pilar,  Paraguay. 

Xiphocolaptes  major  major  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  218,  1909 
— Tapia  (Tucumdn),  Ocampo  (Santa  F6);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  23,  p.  317,  1912 — Carayau,  Paraguay  (crit.). 

Range:  Paraguay  and  northern  Argentina,  from  prov.  of  Santa 
F6,  Chaco  and  Formosa  west  to  Cordoba,  Tucumdn,  Santiago  del 
Estero,  and  Salta. 

4:  Argentina,  Prov.  Tucuman  (Leales  i,  Trancas  2,  Tucuman 
City  i). 

Xiphocolaptes  major  castaneus  Ridgway*.    GREAT  CHESTNUT  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Xiphocolaptes  major  castaneus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  "1889", 
p.  1 6,  Feb.  1890 — Piedra  Blanca,  eastern  Bolivia  (type  examined);  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  114,  1893 — Piedra  Blanca;  HARTERT  and  VEN- 
TURI, Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  219,  1909 — Rio  San  Francisco,  Jujuy;  DABBENE, 

a  Xiphocolaptes  major  castaneus  RIDGWAY  :  Similar  to  X .  m.  major,  but  pileum 
decidedly  darker,  russet  brown  or  dusky  brown  (instead  of  buffy  brown) ;  chestnut 
of  upper  parts  on  average  deeper,  and  lower  surface  also  somewhat  darker,  more 
rusty  cinnamon. 

The  darker  head  is  the  only  constant  character  of  this  form,  and  yet  one  of  two 
adult  males  from  Retire,  Matto  Grosso  (Vienna  Museum,  No.  16010,  October  4, 
1825,  J.  Natterer)  is  just  as  light  crowned  as  Paraguayan  examples  (X.  m.  major). 
The  other  points  of  distinction  claimed  by  Mr.  Ridgway  do  not  hold  good,  being  ex- 
ceedingly variable  in  different  individuals.  The  color  of  the  throat,  in  the  series 
from  Matto  Grosso,  varies  from  whitish  to  dark  rusty  brown,  while,  both  in  Para- 
guay and  Matto  Grosso,  birds  with  plain  belly,  and  others  with  distinct  blackish 
transverse  spots  or  bars  along  the  abdominal  line  are  found. 

Five  skins  from  Urucum  which  formed  the  basis  of  X.  major  saturatus  CHERRIE. 
while  somewhat  darker  than  all  the  rest  from  Matto  Grosso,  are  precisely  matched 
by  an  example  from  Embarcaci6n,  Dept.  Oran,  Salta  (American  Museum  Nat. 
History,  New  York,  No.  141298).  The  type  of  X.  m.  castaneus,  from  Piedra  Blanca, 
and  one  of  the  males  from  Retiro  also  approach  them  closely  in  intensity  of  upper 
parts,  though  below  they  are  appreciably  lighter.  I  cannot  see  anything  but  indi- 
vidual variation  in  this  divergency,  considering  the  fact  that  the  type  localities  of 
X.  m.  castaneus  (Piedra  Blanca)  and  X.  m.  saturatus  (Urucum)  are  but  a  few  miles 
apart. 

Material  examined. — X.  major  major. — Paraguay:  Bernalcue"  (near  Asunci6n)  6, 
Lambare'  i,  Conception  2,  Fort  Wheeler  6.  Argentina,  Terr,  del  Chaco:  General 
Pinedo  i,  A  via  Terai  i.  Prov.  Tucumdn:  Santa  Ana  i,  Leales  2,  Trancas  2,  Tucu- 
mdn City  2.  Santiago  del  Estero:  Suncho  Corral  i. 

X.  major  castaneus. — Brazil,  Matto  Grosso:  Cuyabd  i,  Engenho  do  Pan  i, 
Barra  do  Jauru  i,  Caicara  2,  Retiro  2,  Descalvados  i,  Urucum  5,  unspecified  i. 
Bolivia:  Piedra  Blanca  i.  Argentina,  Prov.  Salta,  Dept.  Ordn:  Embarcaci6n  i. 


288  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  318,  1912 — Bolivia  (crit.);  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  94,  1920 — Matto  Grosso. 

Xiphocolaptes  major  saturatus  (not  of  RIDGWAY  1890)  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  35,  p.  187,  1916 — Urucum,  near  Corumba,  Matto  Grosso  (type  ex- 
amined). 

Xiphocolaptes  major  obscurus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  30,  p.  5,  1917 — new 
name  for  X.  major  saturatus  CHERRIE,  preoccupied. 

Dendrocolaptes  major  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  n,  1838 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia;  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev. 
Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  103,  1850 — part,  spec,  ex  Bolivia  et  Rio  Mandigo,  Matto 
Grosso. 

Dendrocolaptes  cyanotis  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th. 
Bras.,  3,  p.  n,  1856 — part,  Bolivia. 

Xiphocolaptes  major  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  43,  1868 — Cuyabd,  Engenho  do 
Pari,  Caicara,  Barra  do  Jaurti,  and  Retiro,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined) ; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Exotic  Orn.,  p.  71,  pi.  36,  1868 — part,  Bolivia;  idem, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  622 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia;  WHITE,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  613 — 
Campo  Colorado,  Oran,  Salta;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  145,  1890 
—part,  spec,  a-d,  Bolivia;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292, 
p.  21,  1897 — part,  San  Lorenzo  (Jujuy),  San  Francisco  and  Caiza  (Bolivia); 
L6NNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  469 — Tatarenda,  Bolivian  Chaco. 

Xiphocolaptes  castaneus  SALVADOR:,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  8, 
1900 — Urucum,  Matto  Grosso. 

Range:  Western  Brazil  (in  State  of  Matto  Grosso),  eastern  Bolivia, 
and  adjoining  parts  of  the  Argentine  provinces  of  Jujuy  (San  Lorenzo, 
Rio  San  Francisco)  and  Salta  (Dept.  Oran). 

Genus  DENDROPLEX  Swainson. 

Dendroplex  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  p.  354,  1827  (generic  characters  only); 
idem,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  314,  1837 — type  Oriolus  picus  GMELIN*. 

*Dendroplex  picus  picus  (Gmelin).    PICINE  WOOD-HEWER. 

Oriolus  picus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (i),  p.  384,  1788 — based  on  "Le  Talapiot" 

DAUBENTON,  PI.  enl.  605,  Cayenne. 
Gracula  picoides  SHAW,  Gen.  Zool.,  7  (2),  p.  476,  1809 — new  name  for  Oriolus 

picus  GMELIN. 
Dendrocopus  rectirostris  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  26,  p.  119, 

1818 — new  name  for  Oriolus  picus  GMELIN. 

a  Diagnosis  and  outline  of  bill  (fig.  28ie,  p.  313)  correspond  to  the  characters  of 
Oriolus  picus,  although  the  only  species  mentioned,  D.  guttatus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  I, 

§1.  91,  fig.  i,  belongs  to  the  genus  Xiphorhynchus  SWAINSON  (  =  Dendrornis  EYTON). 
wainson  obviously  followed  LESSON  (Traite'  d'Orn.,  p.  313)  in  misidentifying  Spix's 
plate  with  Oriolus  picus  which,  I  believe,  has  to  be  regarded  as  genotype  of  Den- 
droplex, being  the  only  species,  known  at  that  time,  answering  to  the  generic  char- 
acters. See  also  GRAY,  List  Genera  Birds,  1840,  p.  17,  and  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag. 
Zool.,  (2)  2,  1850,  p.  595. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  289 

Dendrocolaptes  chrysolopus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the 
years  1818-19,  p.  203,  209,  1820 — no  locality  given,  but  apparently  Prov. 
Bahia"  (=juv.). 

Dendroplex  picus  bahiae  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  64,  p.  369, 
1921 — Bahia. 

Dendrocolaptes  picus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  1818-19,  p.  203, 
1820  (diag.);  idem,  I.e.  for  1820-21,  p.  265,  1822 — Prov.  Bahia  (synon.); 
idem,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  16,  1823 — Bahia;  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg. 
Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1134,  1831 — eastern  Brazil. 

Dendroplex  picus  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  690,  1848 
— British  Guiana;  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2>  2,  p.  595,  1850 — Cay- 
enne, Brazil  (monog.);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tlbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  18,  1856 
(descr.,  range);  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Normandie,  2,  p.  35,  1857— 
Cayenne;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  46,  1868 — part,  Rio  dos  Piloens,  Ara- 
guay  (Goyaz),  Barcellos,  Forte  do  Rio  Branco,  Obidos,  Cajutuba,  Pard  (spec, 
examined);  idem,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  no — Cayenne;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1867,  p.  575 — Pard;  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  386 — Pard;  SALVIN,  I.e., 
1885,  P-  422 — British  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  138,  1890 
— part,  spec,  a-j,  Bahia,  "Rio  Claro,  Goyaz",  Pernambuco,  Mexiana,  Para; 
RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  p.  27,  1891 — Santarem;  BERLEPSCH  and  HART- 
ERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  65,  1902 — Perico,  Maipures,  R.  Orinoco  (spec,  exam- 
ined); MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  179,  1904 — Mahury,  Sinnamary, 
Kourou,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  525,  1906 — Para, 
Maraj6,  Rio  Moju,  Monte  Alegre;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc. 
Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  108,  1906 — part,  spec,  e-h,  Rexe  (Goyaz),  Mahury, 
Kourou,  Cayenne  (French  Guiana);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  16,  1907 
— Itaituba,  R.  Tapaj6z;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  249,  1907 — Bahia, 
Santarem;  HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  26,  p.  33,  1907 — Mexiana;  HELL- 
MAYR, Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  65,  1908 — Rio  Araguaya  and  Rio  Thesouras,  Goyaz; 
BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  p.  148,  1908 — Cayenne,  Approuague,  French  Guiana;  SNETH- 
LAGE, Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  508,  1908 — Goyana,  Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  530, 
1908 — Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  67,  1910 — Cabula  (Bahia),  Piranha,  Parnagud,  Santa 
Philomena,  Therezina,  Sao  Goncalinho,  Riacho  da  Raiz,  near  Uniao,  Piauhy; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  337,  1914 — part,  Para,  Ilha  das  Oncas, 
Capanema,  Quati-puni,  Rio  Guamd,  Rio  Moju,  Tocantins  (Arumatheua), 
Cussary,  Tamucury,  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Boim,  Goyana),  Maraj6,  Mexiana,  Monte 
Alegre,  Rio  Maecuni,  Rio  Jamundd  (Faro);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2, 
p.  124,  1921 — numerous  localities. 

Dendroplex  picus  picus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  327,  1910  (range);  idem, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.2,  p.  39,  91,  1912 — Ipitinga, 
Rio  Acard,  and  Pard  localities;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  113,  120,  1912 — Isl.  Mexiana; 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  268,  1916 — Perico  and  Ciudad 
Bolivar,  Rio  Orinoco;  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  2,  p.  63,  88,  1916 — Utinga, 
Pard;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  422,  1917 — Villavicencio, 
Colombia;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  65,  1918 — 

•See  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  1820-21,  p.  265,  1822. 


2QO  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Paramaribo,  Surinam;  idem,  I.e.,  64,  p.  366,  1921 — Paramaribo  (Surinam), 
Annai  (Brit.  Guiana)  (crit.). 

Dendroplex  picirostris  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  p.  65,  1902 — part,  Ciudad  Bolivar  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  northern  and  eastern 
Brazil,  north  of  the  Amazon  from  Mexiana  and  Maraj6  west  to  the 
Rio  Negro  (Barcellos),  south  of  the  river  west  to  the  Tapajoz,  and  as 
far  south  as  northern  Goyaz  and  Bahia;  Venezuela,  in  the  Orinoco  Val- 
ley (from  Las  Barrancas  up  to  San  Fernando  de  Atabapo) ;  eastern  Col- 
ombia (Villavicencio)*. 

15:  Surinam  (Paramaribo  i);  British  Guiana  (Hyde  Park,  Demer- 
ara  River  2);  Brazil  (Itacoatiara  i,  lower  Rio  Branco  i,  Conceicao  i, 
Boa  Vista  i,  Serra  da  Lua  i;  Maranhao,  Cururupu  i,  Sao  Luiz  i,  Sao 
Bento  i,  Rosario  i,  Codo  i;  Arara,  Piauhy  i;  Sao  Amaro,  Bahia  i). 

*Dendroplex  picus  saturatior  subsp.  nov.b.  ENCONTRADOS  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Range:  Heavily  forested  region  south  of  Lake  Maracaibo,  in  south- 
ern portion  of  State  of  Zulia,  Venezuela,  and  adjacent  districts  of  San- 
tander,  Colombia. 

9:  Venezuela,  Zulia  (Encontrados  5,  Catatumbo  River  i,  Santa 
Elena,  Rio  Guachi  i);  Colombia,  Santander  (El  Guayabal,  ten  miles 
north  of  San  Jose*  de  Cucuta  2). 

B  Birds  from  eastern  Brazil  (Pard  to  Bahia)  average  more  rufescent  underneath, 
but  there  is  much  individual  variation,  and  so  many  specimens  are  indistinguishable 
from  those  of  Guiana  that  I  do  not  see  any  practical  advantage  in  recognizing  D.  p. 
bahiae.  Certain  examples  from  Guiana  and  the  Rio  Branco  are  conspicuous  by  their 
very  rufous  coloration  and  can  hardly  be  separated  from  the  upper  Amazonian 
D.  p.  kienerii. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana  9,  Dutch  Guiana  7,  British  Guiana  2. 
Venezuela,  Rio  Orinoco:  Las  Barrancas  6,  Ciudad  Bolivar  6,  Agua  Salada  de  Ciu- 
dad Bolivar  3,  Maipures  2,  Perico  6,  Munduapo  i.  Brazil:  Rio  Branco  5,  Barcellos, 
Rio  Negro  i,  Obidos  i,  Itacoatiard  i,  Para  district  5,  Mexiana  8,  Maranhao  5, 
Bahia  12. 

b  Dendroplex  picus  saturatior  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Encontrados,  Zulia,  Venezuela,  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
No.  34011.  Adult  male.  February  26,  1908.  N.  Dearborn. 

Similar  to,  and  agreeing  with  D.  p.  picus  in  narrow,  dusky  edged  superciliaries, 
streaked  cheeks  and  auriculars,  and  squamulated  malar  region  and  throat ;  but  breast 
and  abdomen  very  much  darker,  varying  from  Brussels  brown  to  deep  cinnamon 
brown  (instead  of  being  Dresden  brown).  The  back,  too,  is  generally  darker,  more 
of  an  auburn  or  chestnut  tinge,  while  the  light  spots  underneath  are  more  confined 
to  the  breast.  Wing  (male)  98-104,  (female)  92-98;  tail  82-89;  bill  27-30. 

This  saturated  race  replaces  the  well  known  D.  p.  picus  in  the  humid  Tropical 
Zone  at  the  northern  base  of  the  Andes  south  of  Lake  Maracaibo.  Two  skins  from 
El  Guayabal  are  perfectly  identical  with  the  Venezuelan  ones.  D.  p.  saturatior  is 
obviously  specifically  distinct  from  D.  p.  picirostris,  found  in  the  semi-arid  littoral 
of  northern  Zulia,  around  the  city  of  Maracaibo  and  on  the  opposite  shore  of  the 
lake  on  the  Rio  Aurare,  back  of  Altagracia. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  291 

Dendroplex  picus  altirostris  (Leotaud)*.     TRINIDAD  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  altirostris  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  166,  1866 — Trinidad  (type 
now  in  Mus.  Comp  Zool.  Cambridge  examined) ;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  6,  p.  48,  1894 — Trinidad  (ex  LEOTAUD);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
p.  69,  1906 — Trinidad  (ex  LEOTAUD). 

Dendroplex  picus  altirostris  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  64, 
p.  367,  1921 — Trinidad  (crit.  note  on  type). 

Range :    Island  of  Trinidadb. 
*Dendroplex  picus  kienerii  (DesMurs)*.     KIENER'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  kienerii  DESMURS  in  Castelnau,  Expe'd.  AmeY.  Sud,  Oiseaux,  livr. 
18,  p.  45,  pi.  14,  fig.  i,  June  1856 — Ega,  Rio  Solimoes  (type  in  Paris  Museum 
examined);  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  169,  1890  (ex  DESMURS). 

Dendrocolaptes  rectirostris  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn. 
Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  12,  1838 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (spec,  in  Paris 
Museum  examined). 

Dendroplex  picus  (not  of  BODDAERT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  46,  1868 — part, 
Cuyaba,  Villa  Maria  (  =  Sao  Luiz  de  Caceres),  Caicara,  Engenho  do  Gama, 
Matto  Grosso,  Sao  Vicente,  Rio  Guapore,  Salto  Theotonio,  Borba,  Rio 
Madeira  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
I5>  P-  138,  1890 — part,  spec,  k,  1,  Amazons  and  Bolivia;  MENEGAUX  and 
HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  108,  1906 — part,  spec,  a-d, 
Ega,  Sarayacu,  Chiquitos,  Pebas  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  366, 
1907 — Borba;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  337,  1914 — part,  Monte 
Verde,  Rio  Punis. 

Dendroplex  picus  kienerii  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  14,  1908 — Monte  Verde, 
Rio  Punis  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  327,  1910 — Cal- 
ama,  Rio  Madeira  (crit.,  range);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
64,  p.  369,  1921 — Upper  Amazon  (crit.). 

Range:  Western  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Madeira  (Borba,  Calama, 
Salta  Theotonio)  westwards,  north  to  the  Solimoes  (Ega  =  Teffe*),  south 

"•  Dendroplex  picus  altirostris  (LEOTAUD)  :  Closely  similar  to  D.  p.  picus,  but  larger, 
approaching  D.  p.  kienerii  in  size;  light  spots  on  under  parts  larger,  more  strongly 
defined,  and  extending  down  to  anal  region;  bill  much  larger  and  heavier,  with  the 
culmen  on  apical  portion  more  curved.  Wing  (two  specimens)  108-111;  tail  83-90; 
bill  31-35- 

Only  known  from  three  specimens  in  the  Lafresnaye  collection,  now  in  the  Mu- 
seum of  Comparative  Zoology,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

b  Dendrocolaptes  picus,  mentioned  by  LEOTAUD  (Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  164)  as  com- 
mon in  the  mangrove  swamps  of  Trinidad,  is  probably  also  referable  to  altirostris. 

°  Dendroplex  picus  kienerii  (DESMURS)  :  Similar  to  D.  p.  picus,  but  decidedly 
larger,  with  heavier,  paler  bill;  under  parts  much  more  tawny.  Wing  (of  male)  100- 
114;  tail  88-104;  bill  26-30. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Ega  [  =  Teff£]  i  (the  type);  Monte  Verde,  Rio 
Purus  i ;  Rio  Madeira,  Calama  6,  Borba  4,  Salto  Thetonio  i ;  Matto  Grosso,  Rio 
Guapor6  i,  Sao  Vicente  i,  Sao  Luis  de  Caceres  2,  Villa  Bella  i,  Cuyaba  i.  Bolivia: 
Chiquitos  i,  Buenavista  i.  Peru:  Sarayacu,  Rio  Ucayali  i,  Moyobamba  i,  Pebas  i. 


292  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

to  Matto  Grosso  (Cuyaba,  Sao  Luis  de  Caceres,  Caicara,  Villa  Bella  de 
Matto  Grosso,  Rio  Guapore) ;  eastern  Bolivia  (Chiquitos) ;  eastern  Peru 
(Sarayacu,  R.  Ucayali;  Moyobamba;  Pebas). 

2:    Peru  (Moyobamba  i);  Bolivia  (Buenavista  i). 

*Dendroplex    picirostrisa    picirostris    Lafresnaye.      PLAIN-THROATED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendroplex  picirostris  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zoo].,  10,  p.  76,  1847 — Rio  Hacha,  Col- 
ombia (type  examined);  DssMuRS,  Iconog.  ornith.,  livr.  9,  pi.  51,  1847 — 
Rio  Hacha  (figure  of  type);  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  596 
(monog.) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  167 — Pilar,  Bermudez; 
I.e.,  p.  627 — San  Esteban;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  115,  331— Santa  Marta; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  171 — Santa  Marta;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  139,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-g,  Santa  Marta,  Bogota,  Cumana, 
San  Esteban,  Nueva  Andalusia;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  138, 
1898 — Santa  Marta;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 
No.  339,  p.  7,  1899 — Puerto  Cabello,  Venezuela;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1899,  p.  51  (note  on  type),  306 — Ambalema,  above  Honda,  Magda- 
lena  Valley;  ROBINSON  and  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  24,  p.  274, 
1901 — San  Julian;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  65,  1902 — 
part,  Altagracia,  Caicara,  R.  Orinoco;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13, 
P-  *57,  1900 — Bonda;  idem,  I.e.,  21,  p.  288,  1905 — Bonda  (nest  and  eggs 
descr.) ;  LOWE,  Ibis,  1909,  p.  322 — Cariaco  Peninsula;  HELLMAYR  and  SEIL- 
ERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  165,  1912 — San  Esteban;  STONE,  Proc. 
Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  65,  p.  203,  1913 — Jocopita,  Manimo  River,  Orinoco 
Delta;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  268,  1916 — [Ciudad 
Bolivar,  errore],  Altagracia,  Caicara,  R.  Orinoco  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Dendroplex  picus  picirostris  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  422,  1917 
— Turbaco,  Rio  Atrato;  La  Playa,  MaganguS,  Banco,  Puerto  Berrio,  Malena, 
Honda,  Chicoral,  Magdalena  River;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  64,  p.  370,  1921 — Rio  Hacha  and  near  Santa  Marta  (crit.). 

a  Dendroplex  picirostris,  in  spite  of  its  general  similarity,  is  probably  specifically 
distinct  from  D.  picus,  as  results  from  a  study  of  their  respective  ranges.  Both 
D.  picus  picus  and  D.  picirostris  picirostris  are  found  along  the  banks  of  the  Orinoco 
River,  although  the  latter  appears  to  prefer  more  open,  semi-arid  country. 

D.  picirostris  differs  from  its  ally  by  much  wider  and  nearly  plain  buffy  white 
superciliaries,  unstreaked  sides  of  the  head,  unmarked  buff  or  white  throat  and  fore- 
neck,  broader,  rhomboid  rather  than  oval  spots  on  the  breast,  larger  spots  on  crown, 
and  more  chestnut  rufous  (less  brownish)  back. 

Birds  from  the  Orinoco  Valley  and  the  north  coast  of  Venezuela  are  precisely  simi- 
lar to  the  type  and  specimens  from  Santa  Marta.  The  few  examples  seen  from  the 
Magdalena  Valley,  Carthagena,  and  lower  Atrato  do  not  appear  to  be  separable 
either.  Twelve  examples  from  Bermudez  (Plains  of  Cumana  10,  Gulf  of  Cariaco  i, 
Laguna  Grande  del  Obispo  i)  are  also  referable  to  picirostris,  though  two  closely 
approach  longirostris  in  coloring  of  back  and  under  parts. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Carthagena  i,  Rio  Atrato  i,  Puerto  Berrio  i, 
"Bogota"  5,  Santa  Marta  3,  Rio  Hacha  3.  Venezuela:  Maracaibo  i,  Rio  Aurare  i, 
Puerto  Cabello  2,  Rio  Orinoco  26  (Altagracia  17,  Quiribana  de  Caicara  i,  Caicara  8), 
San  Fernando,  Rio  Apure  2;  Bermudez  12. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  293 

Dendroplex  picirostris  picirostris  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
p.  280,  1922 — Tururinca,  Bonda,  Mamatoco,  Gaira,  Fundaci6n,  Punto  Cai- 
man, Dibulla,  Santa  Marta. 

(?)  Dendroplex  picus  (picirostris'}')  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  319,  1924 — Rio  San 
Juan  Diaz,  Panama  (only  seen). 

Range:  Semi-arid  districts  of  Colombia  (Rio  Atrato;  Turbaco,  Car- 
thagena;  Santa  Marta  region;  Magdalena  Valley  up  to  Honda  and  Chi- 
coral;  Rio  Hacha,  Goajira)  and  northern  Venezuela  (Maracaibo  and 
Rio  Aurare,  near  Altagracia,  Zulia;  Puerto  Cabello,  Carabobo;  San 
Julian,  Miranda;  Bermudez),  south  to  the  Orinoco  Valley  (Jocopita, 
Manimo  River;  Altagracia,  Caicara;  San  Fernando,  Rio  Apure). 

7:  Colombia  (Carthagena  i,  Atrato  River  i,  Puerto  Berrio,  Mag- 
dalena River  i);  Venezuela  (Maracaibo  i,  Rio  Aurare  i,  Puerto  Ca- 
bello i). 

*Dendroplex  picirostris  longirostris  Richmond*.    LONG-BILLED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendroplex  longirostris  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  18,  p.  674,  Aug.  1896 
— Margarita  Isl.;  CLARK,  Auk,  19,  p.  264,  1902 — Margarita  Isl.;  LOWE,  Ibis, 
1907,  p.  561 — Margarita  Isl.;  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 
i,  p.  247,  1909 — Margarita  Isl. 

Dendroplex  picirostris  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1868,  p.  167 — Pilar,  Bermudez;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  139,  1890 
— part,  spec,  e,  g,  Cumana  and  Nueva  Andalusia. 

Dendroplex  picus  longirostris  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  64, 
P-  37i>  1921 — Margarita  Isl.  (crit.). 

Range :     Margarita  Island,  off  Venezuela. 
10 :    Margarita  Isl.  10. 

Genus  XIPHORHYNCHUS  Swainson. 

Xiphorhynchus  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  i,  p.  440,  June  1827 — type  by  mono- 
typy  Xiphorhynchus  flavigaster  SwAiNSONb. 

Picolaptes  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  314,  Sept.  1830 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(GRAY,  1840,  p.  18)  Picolaptes  spixii  LESSON. 

Dendrornis  EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1852,  p.  23 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY, 
1855)  Dendrocolaptes  susurrans  JARDINE. 

8  Dendroplex  picirostris  longirostris  RICHMOND:  Very  similar  to  D.  p.  picirostris, 
but  larger  with  heavier  bill;  pectoral  spots  larger;  abdomen  darker  brown  and  less 
rufescent;  back,  wings  and  tail  deeper  chestnut  rufous.  Wing  (male)  105-108, 
(female)  100-103;  tail  85-92;  bill  29-32. 

b  See  OBERHOLSER,  Smithson.  Misc.  Coll.,  48,  p.  62,  1905. 


294  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Xiphorhynchus    guttatus    guttatus    (Lichtenstein) .      BUFF-THROATED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  guttatus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Berliner  Ak.  Wiss.  for  1818-19, 
p.  201,  1820;  I.e.,  for  1820-21,  p.  264,  1822 — "in  Brasiliae  provincia  Bahia"; 
idem,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  17,  1823 — Bahia;  BURMEISTER,  Syst. 
Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  12,  1856 — Bahia. 

Nasica  guttatus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  385,  1850 — Brazil. 

Dendrornis  guttata  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  45,  1868 — Bahia  and  Rio  de  Jan- 
eiro (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  128,  1890 — part, 
spec,  a-c,  Bahia,  Brazil;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  185,  1890 — Bahia  (monog.). 

Dendrornis  guttata  guttata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  98,  1906 — Bahia. 

Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  99,  1920 — Ilh6os — 
Belmonte,  Bahia. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  Rio 
de  Janeiro*. 

*Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  d'orbignyanus  (Lafresnaye)b.      D'ORBIGNY'S 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Nasica  Dorbignyanus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  420,  1850 — Guar- 
ayos  and  Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Xiphorhynchus  guttata  rimarum  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  35,  p.  391, 
1916 — mouth  of  Rio  San  Antonio  in  Rio  Espirito  Santo,  Bolivia  (type  ex- 
amined). 

Dendrocolaptes  guttatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY, 
Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  10 — Guarayos,  Bolivia. 

Dendrornis  rostripallens  (not  of  DESMURS)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  I,  p.  45,  1868 
— part,  Villa  Maria  [  =  San  Luiz  de  Caceres],  Engenho  do  Gama,  Das  Pedras, 
Sangrador,  and  Alecrim,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.  15,  p.  129,  1890 — part,  spec,  r,  s,  Bolivia. 

Dendrornis  guttata  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  622 — Guanai, 
Bolivia  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  128,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  g,  Guanai. 

a  Material  examined. — Bahia  14,  Rio  de  Janeiro  i. 

b  Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  d'orbignyanus  (LAFRESNAYE)  principally  differs  from 
X.  g.  guttatus  by  whitish  maxilla,  unstreaked  back  (only  the  uppermost  portion  ad- 
joining the  hindneck  with  a  few  hairlike  buff  streaks),  and  by  the  dusky  lateral  edges 
to  the  buff  stripes  on  the  under  parts  being  either  absent  or  but  faintly  suggested. 

Birds  from  the  northern  slopes  of  the  Sierra  of  Cochabamba  (rimarum)  appear 
to  be  absolutely  identical  with  those  from  Santa  Cruz  and  Chiquitos.  Specimens  from 
Brazil  are  larger  and  more  tinged  with  rusty  underneath,  while  the  pileum  is,  as  a 
rule,  less  dusky.  There  is,  however,  much  individual  variation. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Chiquitos  i,  Guarayos  i,  Santa  Cruz  2,  Guanai  i, 
Todos  Santos  2,  Rip  San  Mateo  5,  Buenavista  5.  Brazil,  Matto  Grosso:  Engenho  do 
Gama  3,  Villa  Maria  4,  Das  Pedras  i,  Sangrador  2,  Tapirapoan  i,  Urucum  2,  Cha- 
pada  i,  Descalvados  i;  Goyaz,  Rio  Araguaya  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  295 

Dendrornis  d1  orbignyanus  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  182,  1890 — Guarayos  and  Chiquitos 
(Bolivia),  Matto  Grosso  (Brazil);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  123, 
1893 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso. 

Dendrornis  guttata  dorbignyana  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  98,  1906 — Chiquitos,  Guarayos  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  15,  p.  64,  1908 — Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz  (crit.). 

Xiphorhynchus  guttata  dorbignyeana  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  93,  1920 
— Matto  Grosso. 

Range :  Bolivia,  north  and  east  of  the  Andes,  in  depts.  Cochabamba 
(San  Mateo,  Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapare",  Rio  San  Antonio)  and  Santa 
Cruz  (Guarayos,  Buenavista,  Santa  Cruz,  Chiquitos),  and  interior  of 
Brazil  (Matto  Grosso  and  Goyaz,  east  to  the  Rio  Araguaya). 

4:  Bolivia  (Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapare  i,  Buenavista  2,  Santa 
Cruz  i). 

*Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  guttatoides  (Lafresnaye}*.    SPOTTED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Nasica  guttatoides  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  387,  1850 — Loretto, 
Rio  Maranon,  Peru,  and  Colombia  =  Bogota  (=juv.)b. 

Picolaptes  subguttatus  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae,  A,  Sittinae, 
p.  187,  1853 — new  name  for  Nasica  guttatoides  LAFRESNAYE. 

Dendrornis  rostripallens  DESMURS  in  Castelnau,  Exped.  AmeY.  Sud,  Ois.,  livr. 

a  Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  guttatoides  (LAFRESNAYE)  :  Agrees  with  X.  g.  d' orbigny- 
anus in  pale  coloration  of  maxilla,  but  the  upper  back  is  marked  with  large,  buff, 
longitudinal  spots,  laterally  edged  with  blackish,  while  the  buff  markings  on  the 
chest  are  also  distinctly  margined  with  blackish. 

Birds  from  Colombia  (Rio  Putumayo),  Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas),  Ecuador,  and 
Teff6  are  identical  with  a  series  from  Peru,  and  eight  specimens  from  the  left  bank  of 
the  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha,  Marmellos)  do  not  differ  either.  A  single  adult  male 
from  Nericagua  (upper  Orinoco,  Venezuela),  although  identified  as  sororia  by  Ber- 
lepsch  and  Hartert,  I  unhestitatingly  refer  to  the  present  form.  Specimens  from  the 
right  bank  of  the  upper  Rio  Madeira  (Salto  Theotonio,  Calama,  Allianca)  and  north- 
ern Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Roosevelt)  form  the  transition  to  X.  g.  eytoni,  found  lower 
down  on  the  Madeira  River  (at  Borba),  as  far  as  coloration  is  concerned,  but  in 
shape  and  color  of  bill  they  more  nearly  agree  with  guttatoides. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco  i.  Colombia:  "Bogota" 
7,  Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo  2.  Ecuador:  Sarayacu  i,  Rio  Napo  3.  Peru:  Pebas  12, 
Cavallo-Coche  i,  Iquitos  i,  Lagunas  i,  Yahuarmayo  3.  Brazil:  Marabitanas  3, 
Teffe1  2,  Rio  Jurua  i;  Rio  Madeira,  Humaytha  3,  Marmellos  5,  Salto  Theotonio  i, 
Calama  4,  Allianca  i ;  Rio  Roosevelt,  Matto  Grosso  2. 

b  While  there  can  be  no  question  that  the  Loretto  example,  examined  in  the  Paris 
Museum,  is  but  a  young  individual,  with  undeveloped  (short,  blackish  brown)  bill, 
of  the  species  described  by  DesMurs  from  the  same  region  as  D.  rostripallens,  I  am 
now  a  little  doubtful  about  the  "Bogota"  skins.  Only  two  out  of  seven  have  the 
long  pale  bill  of  rostripallens,  while  in  all  the  others  the  maxilla  is  more  or  less  dusky 
brown  or  blackish,  which  may  possible  indicate  intergradation  with  X.  g.  sororius. 

Whether  the  Loretto  bird  of  the  Paris  Museum  or  the  Bogota  skin  in  the  Lafres- 
naye  Collection  has  a  better  claim  to  be  considered  the  type  of  N.  guttatoides  is  very 
hard  to  decide. 


296  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

18,  p.  45,  pi.  12,  fig.  2,  June  1856 — "le  Haut  Amazone"  (types  from  Pebas, 
Peru  examined  in  Paris  Museum;  = adult);  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds, 
p.  164,  1862 — Rio  Napo  and  Ega;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  45,  1868 — part, 
Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1866,  p.  184 — Sarayacu,  R.  Ucayali,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  271 — 
Sarayacu;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  27 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r., 
2,  p.  176,  1884 — Sarayacu,  Elvira,  Pebas,  Yurimaguas,  Monterico,  Peru; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  129,  1890 — part,  spec,  c-q,  Ega,  Nauta, 
Iquitos,  Samiria,  Sarayacu  (Peru),  Sarayacu  and  Rio  Napo  (Ecuador), 
Bogota;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  184,  1890 — part,  Colombia  and  Sarayacu,  Ecua- 
dor (monog.);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  376 — 
La  Merced,  Peru;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  437,  1905 — Rio  Jurud 
(spec,  examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  14,  1908 — Cachoeira,  Bom 
Lugar,  Ponto  Alegre,  and  Monte  Verde,  Rio  Purtis. 

Dendrornis  guttatoides  DEsMuRS  in  Castelnau,  Exp6d.  Amer.  Sud,  Ois.,  livr.  18, 
P-  43i  pl-  *3»  fig-  2,  1856 — Loretto,  Peru;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  186,  1890 — 
Colombia  (crit.). 

Dendrornis  guttata  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  p.  in, 
1854 — Quijos,  Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  529 — Monterico. 

Dendrornis  pallidirostris  (LAFRESNAYE  MS.)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  63, 
1858 — Rio  Napo. 

Dendrornis  eytoni  (not  of  SCLATER)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  45,  1868 — part, 
Salto  Theotonio,  upper  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrornis  rostripattens  sororia  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  63, 
1902 — part,  Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrornis  guttata  guttatoides  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  99,  1906 — Pebas,  Cavallo-Coche,  Peru  (crit.);  IHERING,  Cat.  F. 
Braz.,  i,  p.  248,  1907 — Rio  Jurua;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  59,  1907 — 
Teffe\  Rio  Solimoes  (range);  idem,  I.e.,  14,  p.  465,  1907 — Humaytha,  Rio 
Madeira;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  324,  1910 — Marmellos,  Calama,  and  Allianca,  Rio 
Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  434,  1914 — Rio  Punis. 

Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  guttatoides  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
p.  266,  1916 — foot  of  Mount  Duida,  Venezuela;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  36,  p.  419,  1917 — Florencia,  Caqueta  region;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg., 
85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  77,  1920 — Yahuarmayo,  Dept.  Puno,  Peru. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Cuembi, 
Rio  Putumayo;  Florencia,  Rio  Caqueta)  and  southern  Venezuela  (Neri- 
cagua, and  foot  of  Mount  Duida,  upper  Orinoco)  through  eastern  Ecua- 
dor to  Peru,  and  western  Brazil  east  to  the  Rio  Madeira. 

i:     Peru  (Lagunas,  lower  Huallaga  i). 

*Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  eytoni  (Sclater).    EYTON'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  eytoni  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  21,  "1853",  p.  69,  pl.  57,  July 
1854 — Rio  Capim,  near  Para. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  297 

Dendrornis  eytoni  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  575 — Pard; 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  45,  1868 — part,  Para  and  Borba,  Rio  Madeira 
(spec,  examined);  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  385 — Para;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  129,  1890 — Rio  Capim,  Para,  Santarem,  Borba;  ELLIOT,  Auk, 

7,  p.  182,  1890 — Capim,  Para,  Santarem  (monog.);  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN, 
I.e.,  8,  p.  27,  1891 — Diamantina,  near  Santarem;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12, 
p.  283,  1905 — Igarape'-Assti;  idem,  I.e.,  13,  p.  366,  1906 — San  Antonio  do 
Prata;  idem,  I.e.,  14,  p.  16,  1907 — Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 
Orn.,  54,  p.  524,  1906 — Pard,  Rio  Guamd,  Marajd;  idem,  I.e.,  56,  p.  507, 
1908 — Ilha  do  Coatd  and  Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 

8,  p.  335,  1914 — Pard,  Mocajatuba,  Capanema,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Ourem 
(Rio  Guamd),  Rio  Tocantins,  Rio  Xingu,  Rio  Curua,  Rio  Tapajdz,  Maraj6 
(Santa  Ana). 

Dendrornis  guttata  eytoni  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  366,  1907 — Borba;  idem, 
I.e.,  17,  p.  324,  1910 — Borba. 

Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  eytoni  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  38,  91,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Ipitinga  (Pard  localities);  BEEBE, 
Zoologica,  (N.  Y.),  2,  p.  63,  87,  1916 — Utinga,  Pard. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  western  Mar- 
anhao west  to  Borba,  right  bank  of  lower  Rio  Madeira*. 

4:    Brazil,  Maranhao  (Tury-Assu  3,  Grajahu  i). 

"Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  sororius  (Berlepsch  and  Harteri)b.    ORINOCO 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  rostripallens  sororia  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  63, 
1902 — part,  Maipures  (type),  Perico,  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Bichaco,  and 
Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco;  Suapure  and  La  Pricion,  Caura  (spec,  examined); 
MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  178,  1904 — Ouanary,  French  Guiana. 

Dendrocolaptes  guttatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen 
Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  690,  1848 — British  Guiana. 

Dendrornis  rostripallens  (not  of  DESMURS)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  45,  1868 
— part,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Mandos];  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  129,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Oyapock  (Cayenne),  Barra  do  Rio  Negro. 

Dendrornis  guttatoides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds, 
p.  164,  1862 — Cayenne;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  422 — Bartica  Grove;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  128,  1890 — Cayenne,  Bartica  Grove. 

a  Material  examined. — Maranhao  4.  Pard:  Pard  i,  Benevides  i,  Igarape'-Assu  2,  S. 
Antonio  2,  Peixe-Boi  2,  Ipitinga  i.  Rio  Tapajdz:  Itaituba  i,  Villa  Braga  i .  Rio  Ma- 
deira: Borba  8. 

b  Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  sororius  (BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT):  Nearly  allied  to 
X.  g.  guttatoides,  but  maxilla  dusky  or  blackish  brown;  under  parts  less  rusty,  with 
the  blackish  lateral  edges  to  the  ochraceous  buff  markings  much  more  pronounced. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Rio  Orinoco:  Quiribana  de  Caicara  2,  Perico  6, 
Bichaco  i,  Maipures  4  (including  the  type),  Munduapo  3;  Caura  River,  La  Pricion  3, 
Suapure  i .  British  Guiana :  Quon ja  i ,  Demerara  i ,  Mazaruni  i .  Dutch  Guiana : 
Paramaribo  2.  Brazil:  Rio  Branco  4,  Obidos  i. 


298  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrornis  guttata  sororia  HELLMAYR,   Nov.  Zool.,   14,  p.  31,   1907 — Obidos; 

idem,  I.e.,  14,  p.  59,  1907  (range);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  334, 

1914 — Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro). 

Dendrornis  guttatoides  sororia  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  148,  1908 — Cayenne. 
Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  sororia  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  266, 

1916 — Orinoco  River  from  Quiribana  de  Caicara  to  Munduapo,  Maripa  and 

La  Union,  Caura  River. 
Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  sororius  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zoo]., 62, 

p.  65,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Lelydorp,  and  Javaweg,  Surinam. 
Xiphorhynchus  sororius  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.   121,   1921 — British 

Guiana  (numerous  localities). 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Caura  and  Orinoco  Valley  as  far  up  as  Munduapo) ;  northern  Brazil, 
south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon  (Obidos,  Faro,  Mandos). 

7:  British  Guiana  (Hyde  Park,  Demerara  R.  i,  Mazaruni  River  i); 
Dutch  Guiana  (Paramaribo  i);  Brazil,  Rio  Branco  (Conceicao  i,  base 
of  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista  2,  lower  Rio  Branco  i). 

*Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  demonstrates  Hartert  and  Goodson*.  SAN 
ESTEBAN  WOOD-HEWER. 

Xiphorhynchus  nanus  demonstratus  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  419, 
1917 — San  Esteban  Valley,  Venezuela. 

Dendrornis  susurrans  (not  of  JARDINE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1868,  p.  627 — San  Esteban;  idem,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  252 — Guacara,  Lake  Valen- 
cia; SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  133,  1890 — part,  spec,  v,  w,  y,  Puerto 
Cabello,  San  Esteban  and  Caracas  (spec,  examined). 

Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  nanus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  no,  1912 — San  Esteban,  Las  Quiguas,  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Cara- 
bobo. 

Range :  Northwestern  Venezuela,  in  Dept.  Federal  Occidental  (Car- 
acas, Loma  Redonda),  and  in  states  of  Carabobo,  Aragua,  Lara,  Me"r- 
ida,  Tachira,  and  Zulia  (Orope). 

4:    Venezuela  (Orope,  Zulia  3,  Colon,  Tachira  i). 

Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  rosenbergi  Bangs*.  ROSENBERG'S  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

•  Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  demonstratus  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  is  exceedingly 
close  to  X.  g.  nanus.  In  fact,  the  only  difference  I  can  find  is  the  slightly  more  rusty 
tinge  of  the  under  surface,  and  even  this  is  far  from  being  constant.  I  am  very 
doubtful  about  its  distinctness. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Caracas  i,  Lpma  Redonda  i,  San  Esteban  i, 
Puerto  Cabello  i,  Las  Quiguas  4,  Cumbre  de  Valencia  4,  Valencia  i,  Duaca,  Tocuyo  i, 
Mt.  Bucarito  i ;  Merida,  Upper  wood  region  i,  Ejido  i,  Lagunillas  i ;  Tachira,  Colon  i ; 
Orope,  Zulia  3. 

b  Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  rosenbergi  BANGS:  Nearly  allied  to  X.  g.  nanus,  but 
stripes  on  under  parts  wider  and  much  more  heavily  margined  with  black  laterally. 

Five  specimens  (including  the  type)  from  the  Cauca  Valley  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  299 

Xiphorhynchus  rosenbergi  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  23,  p.  72,  1910 — 
Guabinas,  Rio  Cauca  (type  examined);  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool., 
24,  p.  419,  1917 — Rio  Cauca  (crit.). 

Xiphorhynchus  nanus  nanus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  36,  p.  421,  1917 — part,  Rio  Frio  and  Manuelita,  Rio  Cauca;  (?)  Atrato 
River. 

Range:    Western  Colombia  (Cauca  Valley). 

*Xiphorhynchus   guttatus   nanus    (Lawrence).     LAWRENCE'S   WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrornis  nana  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  5,  p.  181,  1863 — Isthmus  of  Panama;  idem, 
Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  4,  482,  1863 — Panama;  SCLATER  and  SAL- 
VIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  355 — Lion  Hill  (crit.);  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  174, 
1890 — part,  Panama  and  Colombia;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer- 
ic.,  Aves,  2,  p.  180,  1891 — part,  Lion  Hill,  San  Pablo  Station,  and  Panama; 
BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  25,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon,  Panama; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  157,  1900 — Cacagualito,  Santa  Marta 
district. 

Dendrornis  lawrencei  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  509,  Aug.  1888 — 
Panama. 

Dendrornis  guttatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila., 
1860,  p.  193 — Rio  Truando. 

Dendrornis  susurrans  (not  of  JARDINE)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  171 — 
Minca,  Santa  Marta  district;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  133,  1890 
— part,  spec,  g-u,  San  Pablo  Station,  Paraiso,  Panama,  Minca. 

Dendrornis  nana  nana  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  39,  p.  151,  1903 — Panama 
(diag.). 

Xiphorhynchus  nanus  nanus  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46, 
p.  217,  1906 — Savanna  of  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  p.  250,  1911 — eastern  Panama  and  Colombia  (excl.  Rio  Lima);  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  421,  1917 — part,  Puerto  Berrio,  Opon, 
and  Honda,  Magdalena  Valley;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  p.  263, 
I9jg — Gatun,  Canal  Zone;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
6s,  p-  211,  1922 — Jesusito,  Darien;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
14,  p.  278,  1922 — Don  Diego,  Trojas  de  Cataca,  Fundaci<5n,  Cincinnati,  Las 
Vegas,  Agua  Dulce,  and  Tucurinca,  Santa  Marta  district;  HALLINAN,  Auk, 
4*1  P-  3J9>  X924 — Gatun,  Culebra,  and  Juan  Mina,  Panama. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (from  the  Canal  Zone  eastwards),  and 
northern  and  eastern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  region;  Magdalena 
Valley;  "Bogota")". 

2:    Panama  (Colon  2). 

•  "Bogota"  skins  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  a  series  from  Panama  and  Santa 
Marta. 


300  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  costaricensis  (Ridgway).   TUCURRIQUI  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrornis  lawrencei  costaricensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  510, 
Aug.  1888 — Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica. 

Dendrornis  nana  costaricensis  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  532,  1891 
(crit.);  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  39,  p.  151,  1903 — Costa  Rica,  north 
to  Nicaragua,  south  to  Chiriqui  (diag.);  idem,  Auk,  24,  p.  299,  1907 — Boruca, 
Paso  Real,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  Barranca,  Lagarto,  Barranca  de  Puntarenas, 
s.w.  Costa  Rica;  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  270, 
1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica. 

Dendrornis  susurrans  (not  of  JARDINE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  133, 
1890 — part,  spec,  b-f,  Angostura  (Costa  Rica),  (?)  Calovevora  (Veragua), 
Bugaba  (Chiriqui). 

Dendrornis  nana  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  174,  1890 — part,  Nicar- 
agua and  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
p.  1 80,  1891 — part,  Rio  Segovia  (Honduras),  Tucurriqui  and  San  Carlos 
(Costa  Rica),  (?)  Calovevora  (Veragua),  and  Bugaba  (Chiriqui);  RICHMOND, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  498,  1893 — Greytown  and  Rio  Escondido,  Nicar- 
agua; UNDERWOOD,  Ibis,  1896,  p.  440 — Volcan  de  Miravelles,  Costa  Rica. 

Dendrornis  lawrenceii  costaricensis  LANTZ,  Trans.  Kansas  Acad.  Sci.,  16,  p.  221, 
1899 — part,  San  Juan  Valley,  Costa  Rica. 

Xiphorhynchus  nanus  costaricensis  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  652, 
1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  252,  1911 — western  Panama,  Costa  Rica,  Nicaragua,  and  southern  Hon- 
duras (monog.). 

Range:    Western  Panama  (Bugaba,  Divala,  Chiriqui)',  Costa  Rica, 
Nicaragua,  and  southeastern  Honduras  (Rio  Segovia). 

7:    Costa  Rica  (Siquirres  2,  Guayabo  i,  Talamanca  i,  Limon  3). 

*Xiphorhynchus  guttatus  confinis  (Bangs).    WHITE-THROATED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrornis  nana  confinis  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  39,  p.  150,  151,  1903 — 
Ceiba,  coast  of  Honduras;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 
i,  p.  1 08,  1907 — Los  Amates,  Guatemala  (crit.). 

Dendrornis  susurrans  (not  of  JARDINE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  133, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a,  Medina,  Honduras. 

Dendrornis  nana  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves,  2,  p.  180,  1891 — part,  Medina,  Honduras. 

Dendrornis  lawrenceii  costaricensis  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  LANTZ,  Trans.  Kansas  Acad. 
Sci.,  16,  p.  221,  1899 — part,  Santo  Tomas,  Guatemala. 

Xiphorhynchus  nanus  confinis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  253, 
1911 — Honduras  and  Guatemala  (monog.). 

•  No  specimen  seen  from  Veragua. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  301 

Range:  Honduras  (Medina,  Ceiba)  and  Guatemala  (Santo  Tomas; 
Los  Amates,  Izabel;  Chapulco). 

2:    Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  i,  Chapulco  i). 

*Xiphorhynchus    susurrans    susurrans    (Jardine).      COCOA    WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  susurrans  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  19,  p.  81,  1847 — 
Tobago. 

Nasica  albisquama  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  4,  p.  465,  1852 — locality 
unknown  (type  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  examined*). 

Dendrornis  susurrans  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  85 — Trinidad;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  133,  1890 — part,  spec,  b1-!1,  Trinidad,  Tobago;  ELLIOT, 
Auk,  7,  p.  171,  1890 — part,  Tobago  and  Trinidad;  CORY,  Auk,  10,  p.  220, 
1893 — Tobago;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  6,  p.  48,  1894 — Princes- 
town,  Trinidad;  DALMAS,  Mem.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  p.  140,  1900 — Tobago; 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  I,  p.  292,  1906 — Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Nasica  susurrans  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  160,  1866 — Trinidad. 

Dendrornis  consobrinus  DALMAS,  M6m.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  p.  140,  1900 — 
Trinidad. 

Dendrornis  susurrans  susurrans  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  29,  1906 — Caparo, 
Chaguaramas,  Pointe  Gourde,  Seelet,  Laventille,  and  Valencia,  Trinidad 
(crit.). 

Dendrornis  sursurans  sursurans  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  365, 
1908 — Carenage  and  Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Range :     Islands  of  Tobago  and  Trinidadb. 
5 :    Tobago. 

*Xiphorhynchus   susurrans   jardinei    (Dalmas)0.     BERMUDEZ   WOOD- 
HEWER. 

"The  type,  Lafresnaye  Coll.  No.  2262  (Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  No.  77163),  kindly 
forwarded  by  Mr.  Outram  Bangs,  is  an  adult  bird  in  excellent  condition.  It  is  an  ex- 
tremely typical  example  of  the  white  throated  insular  race  and  most  probably  orig- 
inated from  Trinidad.  Its  measurements  are  as  follows:  Wing  106;  tail  90;  bill  38.5. 

b  On  comparing  twenty-four  skins  from  Trinidad  and  twenty  from  Tobago  I  fail 
to  see  any  difference  in  coloration.  There  is  much  individual  variation  in  the  tinge 
of  the  under  parts  as  well  as  in  the  amount  of  spotting  on  the  back,  and  certain 
ochreous  bellied  examples  are  hardly  distinguishable  from  X.  s.  jardinei.  Trinidad 
birds  appear  to  be  generally  larger,  but  the  divergency  is  too  inconstant  to  warrant 
the  recognition  of  a  separate  race,  X.  s.  albisquama. 

The  X.  susurrans  group  is  probably  conspecific  with  X.  guttatus. 

"  Xiphorhynchus  susurrans  jardinei  (DALMAS)  :  Very  close  to  X.  s.  susurrans, 
but  throat  deep  buff  instead  of  whitish  or  light  buff,  and  remainder  of  under  parts 
more  tinged  with  fulvous  or  ochreous. 

Ten  skins  from  Bermudez,  when  compared  with  a  large  series  from  the  islands, 
are  decidedly  more  buffy  beneath,  particularly  on  the  throat,  and  the  fact  that  only 


302  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrornis  jardinei  DALMAS,  Mem.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  p.  140,  1900 — "C6te 
de  Paria"=  vicinity  of  Cumand,  Bermudez  (type  now  in  Tring  Museum  ex- 
amined). 

Dendrornis  susurrans  (not  of  JARDINE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868, 
p.  167 — Caripe",  Bermudez;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  133,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  x,  Carip£;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  171,  1890 — part,  Venezuela;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  4,  p.  55,  1892 — El  Pilar;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365, 
1897 — Cumanacoa,  Bermudez;  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 

1,  p.  247,  1909 — El  Copey  Mt.,  Margarita  Isl. 

Nasica  beaitperthuysii  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  419,  1850 — part, 
spec,  collected  by  Beauperthuys  "in  Peru"  [=near  Cumand,  Venezuela],  but 
not  the  description8  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  (2)  4, 
p.  468,  1852  (crit.). 

Dendrornis  susurrans  jardinei  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  30,  1906 — near 
Cumand,  Maturin,  Guanoco,  Venezuela;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm. 
Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  102,  1906 — Cumana  (crit.). 

(?)  Dendrornis  susurans  susurans  (sic)  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  i,  p.  93,  1909 
— Cano  Guanoco  and  La  Brea,  Orinoco  Delta  (spec,  examined). 

(?)  Xiphorhynchus  susurrans  susurrans  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull., 

2,  p.  266,  1916 — Guanoco  (crit.). 

Range:  Northeastern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Bermudez,  and  Mar- 
garita Island,  probably  also  in  the  Orinoco  Delta  (Guanoco). 

i:    Venezuela  (La  Asuncion,  Margarita  Isl.  i). 

Xiphorhynchus  polystictus  (Salvin  and  Godntan)b.     SPOTTED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrornis  polysticta  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (5)  i,  p.  210,  1883 — Bartica 
Grove,  British  Guiana;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  422 — Bartica  Grove;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  135,  pi.  10,  1890 — Bartica  Grove;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7, 
p.  182,  1890  (ex  SALVIN  and  GODMAN). 

Xiphorhynchus  polystictus  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  123,  1921 — upper 
Takutu  Mts.,  Bartica,  Bonasica,  Great  Falls  of  Demerara  River,  Arawai. 

Range:    British  Guiana. 

five  (out  of  twenty-four)  from  Trinidad,  and  one  (out  of  twenty)  from  Tobago  match 
or  approach  them  in  coloration,  leaves  no  doubt  as  to  the  geographic  significance  of 
the  difference. 

Three  specimens  from  the  Orinoco  Delta  are  difficult  to  place,  two  being  nearer 
to  jardinei,  while  the  third  is  a  perfectly  typical  representative  of  the  white  throated 
Trinidad  form. 

Material  examined. — Bermudez:  "Cumand"  4  (including  the  type),  Los  Pal- 
males  i,  San  Antonio  i,  Santa  Ana  i,  Celci  Puede  i,  Maturin  2;  Margarita  Island  i; 
Orinoco  Delta,  Guanoco  3. 

*•  According  to  his  own  notes  on  the  labels,  Lafresnaye  regarded  Beauperthuy's 
specimens  as  representing  the  ju venal  plumage. 

b  We  do  not  know  this  rather  doubtful  species.  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT  (Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  p.  64,  1902)  suspect  it  may  be  the  juvenile  plumage  of  X.  guttatus  sororius, 
and  the  published  picture  of  the  type  seems  to  support  this  theory. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  303 

*Xiphorhynchus  flavigaster  flavigaster  Swainson.  IVORY-BILLED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Xiphorhynchus  flavigaster  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  (new  ser.),  I,  p.  440,  1827 — 
Temiscaltepec,  Mexico. 

Dryocopus  eburneirostris*  DnsMuRS,  Iconog.  orn.,  livr.  9,  pi.  52,  1847 — Realejo, 
Nicaragua  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Nasica  flav-igaster  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  383,  1850 — Mexico 
(monog.). 

Picolaptes  validirostris  EYTON,  Contrib.  Orn.,  1851,  p.  75 — no  locality  given. 

Dendrornis  flavigaster  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  178,  1890 — part,  excl.  Yucatan  and  west- 
ern Mexico;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  108, 
1907 — Los  Amates  and  Patulul,  Guatemala. 

Dendrornis  eburneirostris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  130,  1890 — part 
(excl.  spec,  e-i,  Yucatan  and  Meco  Island) ;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  178,  1891 — part;  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  51,  p.  537, 
1903 — Volcan  de  Miravelles,  Costa  Rica;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m. 
Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  101,  1906 — part,  spec,  a-p,  Realejo  (type), 
Guatemala,  and  numerous  Mexican  localities. 

Dendrornis  eburneisastris  (sic)  LANTZ,  Trans.  Kansas  Ac.  Sci.,  16,  p.  221,  1899 — 
Chocan  River,  Guatemala,  and  Chaloma,  Honduras. 

Xiphorhynchus  flavigaster  flavigaster  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  244,  1911 — Mexico  to  Nicaragua  (monog.). 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Tamaulipas,  Vera  Cruz, 
Puebla,  Mexico,  San  Luis  Potosi,  Oaxaca,  Tabasco,  Campeche,  and 
Chiapas),  and  through  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Honduras,  and 
Salvador  to  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica  (Miravelles). 

16:  Mexico  (Tehuantepec,  Tapana  i,  Santa  Efigenia  i,  Alta  Mira, 
Tamaulipas  i,  Valles,  San  Luis  Potosi  5,  Pueblo  Viejo,  Vera  Cruz  i, 
"Mexico"  i);  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  3,  Patulul,  Solola  2); 
Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  i). 

Xiphorhynchus  flavigaster  mentalis   (Lawrence).     GRAYSON'S  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrornis  mentalis  (BAIRD  MS.)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8, 
p.  481,  1867 — Mazatlan,  Sinaloa,  Mexico;  idem,  Mem.  Boston  Soc.  N.  H., 
2,  p.  285,  1874 — Mazatlan  and  Tepic;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  131, 
1890 — Presidio,  near  Mazatlan. 

Dendrornis  flavigaster  (not  of  SWAINSON)  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  278,  1890 — part, 
spec,  ex  Mazatlan  and  Manzanillo. 

Dendrornis  eburneirostris  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
p.  178,  1891 — part,  western  Mexico. 

a  This  name,  though  credited  to  Lesson,  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  "Echo  du 
Monde  Savant." 


304  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrornis  flavigaster  mentalis  MILLER,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  21,  p.  355,  1905 

— Los  Pieles,  etc.,  Sinaloa  (crit.). 
Xiphor hynchus  flavigaster  mentalis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 

p.  247,  1911 — western  Mexico  (monog.). 

Range:  Western  Mexico,  in  states  of  Durango,  Jalisco,  Sinaloa, 
Colima,  Michoacan,  and  Tepic. 

Xiphorhynchus   flavigaster   megarhynchus    (Nelson).     LARGE-BILLED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  flavigaster  megarhynchus  NELSON,  Auk,  17,  p.  265,   1900 — Puerto 

Angel,  Oaxaca. 

Xiphorhynchus  flavigaster  megarhynchus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 

Part  5,  p.  248,  1911 — southwestern  Mexico  (monog.). 

Range:  Southwestern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Guerrero  and  western 
Oaxaca  (Puerto  Angel). 

Xiphorhynchus  flavigaster  yucatanensis  Ridgway.     YUCATAN  WOOD- 
HEWER. 
Xiphorhynchus  flavigaster  yucatanensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22, 

p.  73,  1909 — Temax,  Yucatan;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  248, 

1911 — Yucatan  (monog.);  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  374,  1913 — Camp  Mengel. 
Dendrornis  eburneirostris  (not  of  DESMURS)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist. 

N.  Y.,  9,  p.  201,  1869 — Yucatan;  BOUCARD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  450 — 

Yucatan  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  13,  p.  130,  1890 — part,  spec. 

e-i,  Yucatan  and  Meco  Isl.;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist. 

Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  101,  1906 — part,  spec,  q-s,  Izamal,  Yucatan. 
Dendrornis  flavigaster  (not  of  SWAINSON)  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  178,  1890 — part, 

spec,  from  Yucatan,  Temax,  and  Me'rida;  COLE,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 

50,  p.  132,  1906 — Chichen-Itza,  Yucatan. 

Range:    Yucatan,  Mexico". 

Xiphorhynchus  striatigularis  (Richmond)*.    STRIPED-THROATED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 
Dendrornis  striatigularis  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  22,  p.  317,  1900 — 

Alta  Mira,  Tamaulipas  (type  examined). 

Xiphorhynchus  striatigularis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  249, 
1911 — Alta  Mira  (monog.). 

Range:    Eastern  Mexico,  in  southern  Tamaulipas  (Alta  Mira). 

8  According  to  PETERS  (Auk,  30,  p.  374-5,  1913),  specimens  from  Camp  Mengel, 
Terr.  Quintana  Roo  are  more  or  less  intermediate  to  X.  /.  flavigaster. 

b  Xiphorhynchus  striatigularis  (RICHMOND)  :  Not  unlike  X.  flavigaster  in  general 
appearance,  but  whole  throat  conspicuously  streaked  with  blackish ;  buff  streaks  of 
chest  and  breast  margined  laterally  with  a  chain  like  streak  of  blackish ;  wing-coverts 
streaked  with  black  and  buff.  Wing  (adult  female)  106;  tail  85;  bill  37. 

Known  only  from  the  type  specimen. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  305 

*Xiphorhynchus  lachrymosus  lachrymosus  (Lawrence).  BLACK-STRIPED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  lachrymosus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  467,  1862— 
Lion  Hill,  Panama. 

Dendrornis  sp.?  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  294 — Rio  Truando; 
LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  292,  1862 — Lion  Hill. 

Dendrornis  lacrymosa  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  355 — Panama 
(crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  279 — Bluefields  R.,  Nicaragua;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1872, 
p.  313,  317 — Chontales,  Nicaragua;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  181,  1890 — Costa 
Rica,  Panama,  Colombia  (monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  133, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a,  h-j,  Chontales  (Nicaragua),  Panama,  Remedies;  SALVIN 
and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  182,  pi.  48,  fig.  i,  1891 — part, 
Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  Panama,  and  Colombia;  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  16,  p.  498,  1893 — Rio  Escondido,  Nicaragua;  UNDERWOOD,  Ibis,  1896, 
p.  440 — Volcan  de  Miravelles,  Costa  Rica  (spec,  examined);  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  p.  616,  1902 — Carondelet  and  Bulun,  Ecuador. 

Xiphorhynchus  lacrymosus  rostratus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  73, 
1909 — Rio  Dagua,  Colombia8. 

Xiphorhynchus  lacrymosus  eximius  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Car- 
negie Mus.,  6,  p.  654,  1910 — part,  Bonilla,  Reventaz6n,  Guacimo,  Cuabre, 
Rio  Sicsola,  El  Hogar,  and  La  Vijagua,  Costa  Rica  (habits). 

Dendrornis  lachrymosa  rostrata  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1153 — Con- 
doto,  Rio  Condoto,  and  Noanama,  Colombia  (crit.). 

Xiphorhynchus  lachrymosus  lachrymosus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  SO, 
Part  5,  p.  242,  1911 — Nicaragua  to  n.w.  Colombia  (monog.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  420,  1917 — Baudo,  N6vita,  Novita  Trail,  Noanama, 
Dabeiba,  Alto  Bonito,  San  Jose,  Barbacoas,  Pacific  Colombia;  BANGS  and 
BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  211,  1922 — Mt.  Sapo,  Darien. 

Xiphorhynchus  lacrimosus  lacrimosus  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  p.  263, 
1918 — Gatun,  Panama. 

Range:  Nicaragua  (Bluefields  River,  Chontales,  Rio  Escondido); 
northern  and  eastern  Costa  Ricab;  Panama  (Lion  Hill,  Gatun,  Canal 
Zone;  Mt.  Sapo,  Darien),  and  along  the  Pacific  coast  of  Colombia  south 
to  northwestern  Ecuador  (Carondelet,  Bulun,  Prov.  Esmeraldas) . 

7:  Colombia  (Rio  Dagua  ic,  Condoto,  Rio  Condoto,  Choco  i); 
Ecuador  (Carondelet  4,  Bulun  i). 

Xiphorhynchus  lachrymosus  alarum  Chapman*.  CAUCA  RIVER  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

a  Birds  from  Pacific  Colombia  and  Ecuador  (rostratus)  are  inseparable  from  a 
series  of  topotypical  Panama  specimens. 

b  Having  seen  but  a  single  young  female  (from  Volcan  de  Miravelles),  I  am  not 
positive  that  birds  from  northern  and  eastern  Costa  Rica  are  really  quite  identical 
with  lachrymosus  to  which  they  were  referred  by  Mr.  Ridgway. 

"  Type  of  X.  lacrymosus  rostratus  RIDGWAY,  collected  by  W.  F.  H.  Rosenberg. 

d  Xiphorhynchus  lachrymosus  alarum  CHAPMAN:  "Similar  to  X.  I.  lachrymosus, 
but  buffy  guttate  spots  on  back  smaller  and  narrowly  margined  with  black  and 


306  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Xiphorhynchus  lachrymosus  alarum  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  34,  p.  642, 
1915 — Puerto  Valdivia,  lower  Cauca;  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  421,  1917 — Puerto 
Valdivia. 

Dendrornis  lacrymosa  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  523 — Remedies,  Colombia. 

Range:  Northern  Colombia,  in  State  of  Antioquia  (Puerto  Val- 
divia, lower  Cauca;  Remedios,  Magdalena  drainage). 

*Xiphorhynchus  lachrymosus  eximius  (Hellmayr)*.    STRIPED-BELLIED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  lachrymosa  eximia  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  51,  p.  537,  1903 — Boruca, 
Costa  Rica;  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  299,  1907 — Pozo  del  Rio  Grande. 

Dendrornis  lacrymosa  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  144 — 
Santiago  de  Veragua;  idem,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  193 — Bugaba  and  Volcan  de  Chiri- 
qui;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  133,  1890 — part,  spec,  b-g,  Santiago 
de  Veragua,  Bugaba,  Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves.,  2,  p.  182,  1891 — part,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Bugaba,  Bibalaz  and  San- 
tiago de  Veragua;  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  p.  367,  1901 — Divala,  Chiriqui. 

Dendrornis  lachrimosa  CHERRIE,  Expl.  Zool.  Merid.  Costa  Rica,  p.  40,  1893 — 
Palmar  and  Boruca,  Costa  Rica. 

Xiphorhynchus  lacrymosus  eximius  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  654, 
1910 — part,  Pozo  Azul  de  Pirris  and  El  Pozo  de  Terraba,  Costa  Rica. 

Xiphorhynchus  lachrymosus  eximius  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  243,  1911 — southwestern  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.). 

Range :  Western  Costa  Rica  (north  to  Siquirres  and  Jimenez)  and 
western  Panama  (Volcan  of  Chiriqui,  and  Veragua). 

7:  Costa  Rica  (Palmar  i,  Pozo  Azul  de  Pirris  i,  El  Pozo  de  Ter- 
raba i,  Siquirres  i);  Panama  (Bugaba  2,  Veragua  i). 

Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  bangs!  Chapman*.    BANGS'S  WOOD-HEWER. 
Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  bangsi  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  260, 

more  widely  with  Dresden  brown  rather  than  broadly  margined  with  black; 
spots  below  averaging  smaller;  lesser  wing-coverts  with  much  less  black,  the  outer 
greater  coverts  margined  externally  with  brownish  above  instead  of  black."  (CHAP- 
MAN, I.e.).  We  do  not  know  this  race. 

•  Xiphorhynchus  lachrymosus  eximius  (HELLMAYR)  :  Similar  to  X.  I.  lachrymosus, 
but  black  markings  on  under  parts  much  more  developed,  the  abdomen  being 
heavily  streaked;  upper  back  more  blackish;  rufous  of  wings  and  tail  deeper. 

Two  specimens  from  Veragua  (Bibalaz)  are  extremely  typical  of  this  form.  Two 
skins  from  Jimenez  and  Siquirres  respectively  agree  perfectly  with  a  series  from  the 
Terraba  Valley,  being  much  more  heavily  striped  below  than  X.  I.  lachrymosus,  of 
Panama. 

b  Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  bangsi  CHAPMAN:  Nearly  allied  to  X.  t.  triangularis, 
but  more  brownish,  less  olivaceous  above;  the  lighter  rufous  of  the  tail-coverts  ex- 
tended on  to  the  rump;  the  buff  spots  on  the  crown  larger;  back  distinctly 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  307 

1919 — Yungas  of  Cochabamba,  Bolivia;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A, 
Heft  10,  p.  77,  1920 — Marcapata,  Huaynapata,  Idma  (Dept.  Cuzco),  Santo 
Domingo,  Carabaya  (crit.). 

Dendrornis  triangularis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  622 — Simacu,  Bolivia;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  187,  1890 — part,  Simacu, 
Bolivia;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  93,  1906 — Idma,  above 
Santa  Ana,  Urubamba;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  116,  1906 — Huaynapata,  Marcapata 
(spec,  examined). 

Dendrornis  erythropygia  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
*5i  P-  I3I»  l%9° — part,  spec,  v,  w,  Simacu,  Bolivia. 

Dendrornis  triangularis  subsp.,  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  376 — Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc.  Dept.  Junin. 

Range:  Southern  Peru  (from  the  valley  of  Vitoc,  Dept.  Junin 
southwards)  and  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba). 

*Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  triangularis  (Lafresnaye) .    OLIVE-RUMPED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  triangularis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  p.  134,  1842 — "Bolivia" 
=  Bogota,  Colombia*  (type in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool  examined);  idem,  Mag.  Zool., 
(2)  5,  Ois.,  pi.  .32,  1843  (type  stated  to  be  from  Santa  Fe  de  Bogota). 

Nasica  triangularis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  419,  1850 — Santa  F6 
de  Bogota  (monog.). 

Dendrornis  triangularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  142,  1855 — Bogota;  idem, 
Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  165,  1862 — part,  spec,  a,  Bogota;  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  781 — Merida;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  523 — Santa 
Elena,  Antioquia;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  27 — Ray-Urmana,  near  Chiri- 
moto,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  177,  1884 — Ray-Urmana;  idem  and  BER- 
LEPSCH, P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  98 — Machay,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  132,  1890 — Bogota,  Santa  Elena,  Merida; 
ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  187,  1890 — part,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru. 

Dendrornis  triangularis  bogotensis  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1896,  p.  376 — "Colombia"  =  Bogotd  (type  examined). 
Dendrornis  erythropygia  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1875,  p.  235 — M&ida;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  63 — Baeza,  Ecuador  (spec. 

examined). 
Dendrornis  triangularis  triangularis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1154 

(crit.,  char,  and  range). 

streaked  with  buff;  throat  more  whitish,  with  olivaceous  rather  than  blackish 
edges;  whitish  markings  on  breast  smaller  and  becoming  reduced  to  narrow  streaks 
on  the  abdomen;  under  tail-coverts  more  tinged  with  cinnamomeous ;  bill  largely 
ivory  whitish,  dusky  only  at  base  and  extreme  tip  of  maxilla.  Wing  103-119;  tail 
85-101;  bill  26-32. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Songo,  Dept.  La  Paz  2,  Quebrada  Onda,  Dept. 
Cochabamba  3.  Peru:  Santo  Domingo  2,  Caradoc  i,  Huaynapata  i,  Marcapata  4, 
Idma,  Urubamba  i,  Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc  i. 

a  See  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  260,  1919. 


308  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  triangularis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  109,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Venezuela;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  420,  1917 — Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  Cerro  Mun- 
chique,  Cocal  (western  Andes),  Miraflores,  Salento,  Laguneta,  El  Eden,  La 
Candela,  La  Palma,  San  Agustin  (central  Andes),  Andalucia,  Fusugasuga, 
Aguadita,  Anolaima,  Buenavista  (eastern  Andes),  Colombia. 

Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25, 
p.  71,  1922 — Maspa,  below  Papallacta. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  northern  Peru  (Chacha- 
poyas  and  Ray-Urmana,  near  Chirimoto,  Dept.  Amazonas),  eastern 
Ecuador  (Machay,  Baeza,  Maspa),  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  re- 
gion), and  western  Venezuela  (Andes  of  Merida;  Cumbre  de  Valencia, 
Carobobo)8. 

9:  Colombia  (Bogota  i,  Andalucia,  eastern  Andes  i,  Cocal,  west  of 
Popayan  i);  Venezuela,  Est.  MeYida  (Culata  3,  Escorial  i,  Paramo 
Tambor  i,  Carbonera  i). 

*Xiphorhynchus triangularis  aequatorialis  (Berlepsch  and  Taczanowski)b. 
PACIFIC  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  erythropygia  aequatorialis  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1883,  p.  563 — Chimbo,  Ecuador  (type  examined);  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  5,  p.  490,  1898 — Chimbo  and  Paramba,  Ecuador;  MENEGAUX,  Miss. 
Serv.  g£ogr.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  B  45,  1911 — Gualea  and  Santo 
Domingo,  Ecuador. 

Dendrornis  triangularis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1859, 
p.i40 — Pallatanga;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  165,  1862 — part,  spec,  b, 
Pallatanga. 

Dendrornis  erythropygia  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  131,  1890 — part,  spec,  t,  u,  Pallatanga,  vicinity  of  Quito;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7, 
p.  187,  1890 — part,  Chimbo. 

Dendrornis  aequatorialis  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  p.  25,  1899 — Rio  Peripa,  Ecuador. 

a  Two  adult  males  from  Chachapoyas  (Peru)  and  four  from  eastern  Ecuador 
(Baeza,  Machay)  agree  well  with  a  series  from  Colombia  and  Me'rida,  while  birds 
from  the  Cumbre  de  Valencia  are,  on  average,  somewhat  more  olivaceous  above. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Chachapoyas  2.  Ecuador:  Baeza  2,  Machay  2.  Col- 
ombia: Bogota  10,  Andalucia  i,  Cocal  i,  Jerico  i,  Riolima,  Cauca  i.  Venezuela: 
Andes  of  M&ida  14,  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  8. 

b  Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  aequatorialis  (BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI)  :  Dif- 
fers from  X.  t.  triangularis  in  more  brownish  (less  olivaceous)  upper  parts;  plain 
(unspotted)  crown,  with  only  a  few  narrow  buff  streaks  on  forehead;  the  much  deeper 
chestnut  rufous  of  wings  and  tail  spreading  also  over  the  lower  back;  much  deeper 
buff  throat,  with  the  olive  markings  restricted  to  small,  rounded  apical  spots;  larger 
spots  on  breast  and  abdomen;  uniform  horn  brown  maxilla,  etc. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Chimbo  7,  Santo  Domingo  2,  Gualea  i,  Nane- 
gal  3,  Nono  2,  Intac  i,  Cachabi  2,  Bulun  8,  Lita  7,  Paramba  9,  Ventana  i.  Colombia: 
N6vita  i,  El  Tigre  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  309 

Dendrornis  punctigula  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  63 — Nane- 
gal,  Intac,  Gualea,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrornis  triangularis  aequatorialis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1153 — 
Novita  and  El  Tigre,  Pacific  Colombia  (crit.,  range). 

Xiphorhynchus  aequatorialis  aequatorialis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 
36,  p.  419,  1917 — Quibdo,  Baudo,  San  Jose,  Buena vista,  and  Barbacoas, 
Pacific  Colombia. 

Xiphorhynchus  aequatorialis  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25, 
p.  71,  1922 — Mindo,  Gualea,  road  to  Nanegal. 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador  (from  Chimbo  to  Esmer- 
aldas)  and  of  Pacific  slope  of  Western  Andes  of  Colombia  (north  to 
Quibdo  and  Baudo) . 

10:  Ecuador  (Chimbo  i,  Gualea  i,  Santo  Domingo  2,  Lita  i,  Par- 
amba  2,  Bulun  3). 

*Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  insolitus   Ridgway*.     TRUANDO   WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Xiphorhynchus  punctigula  insolitus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  73, 

1909 — Cascajal,  Code",  eastern  Panama. 
Xiphorhynchus  punctigulus  insolitus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 

p.  257,  1911 — eastern  Panama  and  Rio  Truando,  Colombia. 
Dendrornis  triangularis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila., 

1860,  p.  193 — Rio  Truando. 
Dendrornis  erythropygia  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1864,  p.  355 — Lion  Hill,  Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 

p.  131,  1890 — part,  spec,  s,  Panama;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  187,  1890 — part, 

Lion  Hill,  near  Aspinwall,  Panama. 
Dendrornis  punctigula  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  188,  1890 — part, 

Rio  Truando. 

(?)  Xiphorhynchus  aequatorialis  aequatorialis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 
36,  p.  419,  1917 — part,  La  Frijolera,  lower  Cauca. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Cascajal,  Code";  Lion  Hill,  Panama  Rail- 
road) and  adjacent  districts  of  northwestern  Colombia  (Atrato  and  Tru- 
ando rivers;  (?)  La  Frijolera,  lower  Cauca). 

i:    Colombia  (Atrato  River  i). 

a  Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  insolitus  appears  to  have  been  based  on  intergrades 
between  aequatorialis  and  punctigula.  The  specimen  listed  above,  obtained  by 
A.  Schott  on  Lt.  N.  Michler's  Expedition  to  the  lower  Atrato,  has  the  back  decidedly 
browner  than  the  majority  in  the  series  of  the  two  forms,  though  it  is  very  nearly 
matched  by  a  female  from  Bulun,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador,  and  an  unsexed  indi- 
vidual from  Chiriqui.  Markings  of  throat  and  spotting  on  under  parts  are  exactly  as  in 
punctigula.  On  the  other  hand,  two  skins  from  Calovevora,  Veragua — hence  not  far 
from  the  type  locality  of  insolitus  and  in  the  same  general  region — I  am  quite  unable  to 
distinguish  from  Costa  Rican  specimens  of  punctigula,  which,  moreover,  is  sometimes 
hard  to  separate  from  aequatorialis.  Individual  variation  in  these  birds  is  much 
greater  than  generally  admitted. 


310  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  punctigula  (Ridgway) .    SPOTTED-THROATED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  punctigula  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  n,  p.  544,  Sept.  1889 — 
Naranjo,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1889,  p.  352  (crit.);  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7, 
p.  188,  1890 — part,  Costa  Rica  (monog.);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  182,  1891 — Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui,  and  Veragua;  CHERRIE, 
Anal.  Inst.  Fis.-Geog.  Costa  Rica,  6,  p.  17,  1893 — Pozo  del  Pital,  Costa  Rica; 
BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  48,  1902 — Boquete,  Chiriqui. 

Dendrornis  erythropygia  (not  of  SCLATER)  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  9,  p.  242,  1861 
— Costa  Rica;  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  144 — Santiago  de  Veragua; 
idem,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  193 — Calovevora,  Boquete  de  Chitra,  Cordillera  del  Chucu, 
Bugaba and Volcande Chiriqui;  LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N.Y.,  9,  p.  107, 
1868 — Angostura,  Pacuare,  and  Barranca,  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  6,  p.  414,  1883 — Rio  Sucio,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  131,  1890 — part,  spec,  k-r,  Angostura  (Costa  Rica),  Castillo, 
Santiago,  Calovevora  (Veragua),  Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  and  Bugaba;  ELLIOT, 
Auk,  7,  p.  187,  1890 — part,  Costa  Rica,  Veragua. 

Xiphorhynchus  punctigula  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  653,  1910 — 
Costa  Rica  (habits). 

Xiphorhynchus  punctigulus  punctigulus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  p.  255,  1911 — Nicaragua  to  Panama  (monog.). 

Range:  Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del  Nortea),  Costa  Rica,  and  west- 
ern Panama  (Chiriqui  and  Cordillera  of  Veragua) b. 

9:  Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del  Norte  i);  Costa  Rica  (Tuis  2,  Juan 
Vinas  i);  Panama  (Boquete  i,  Chiriqui  3,  Calovevora,  Veragua  i). 

*Xiphorhynchus  triangularis  erythropygius  (Sclater).    SPOTTED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrornis  erythropygia  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  366,  1859 — Jalapa,  Vera 
Cruz,  Mexico;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  381,  1859  —  Oaxaca;  idem  and  SALVIN,  Ibis, 
1860,  p.  35 — Coban,  Guatemala;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  13,  p.  131, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a-i,  Jalapa  (Mexico),  Rio  de  la  Pasion,  Chisec,  Choctum, 
Vera  Paz  (Guatemala);  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  187,  1890 — part,  Mexico  and 
Guatemala;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  181,  1891 

a  In  the  amount  of  spotting  above,  this  bird  is  exactly  intermediate  between 
punctigula  and  erythropygia,  but  resembles  the  former  in  olivaceous  coloration  and 
restricted  rufous  uropygial  area. 

b  Birds  from  Veragua  (Calovevora)  and  Chiriqui  are  identi  cal  with  those  from 
Costa  Rica.  X.  t.  punctigula  is  exceedingly  close  to  X.  t.  aequatorialis,  but  generally 
distinguishable  by  brighter  olivaceous  under  parts  with  smaller  buff  spots,  more 
heavily  spotted  throat,  somewhat  lighter  rufous  rump  and  wings,  etc.  Single  speci- 
mens are,  however,  not  always  separable.  Through  individual  variation,  it  also 
intergrades  with  X.  t.  erythropygius,  of  Guatemala.  There  is  notably  a  specimen  from 
Chiriqui  (at  Tring) ,  which  combines  the  greenish  olive  coloration  of  punctigula  with 
the  heavy  spotting,  both  above  and  below,  of  erythropygia.  Similar  examples  are  no 
doubt  responsible  for  Panama  records  of  the  last  named  race. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR .  311 

— part,  Mexican  and  Guatemalan  localities  only;  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  39,  p.  151,  1903 — Yaruca,  Honduras. 

Xiphorhynchus  erythropygius  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  254, 
1911 — southeastern  Mexico  to  Honduras  (monog.). 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca, 
Guerrero,  and  Chiapas),  Guatemala,  and  Honduras  (Yaruca). 

4 :    Guatemala  (unspecified  4) . 
Xiphorhynchus  ocellatusa  ocellatus  (Spix).    OCELLATED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  ocellatus  (guttatus)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,p.  88,  pi.  91,  fig.  i,  1824 — "in 

sylvis  campestribus  Piauhy",  errore  (we  suggest  mouth  of  the  Rio  Madeira 

as  type  locality;  type  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 
Nasica  beauperthuysii  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  419,  1850 — part, 

descr.  and  hab.  banks  of  the  Amazon,  coll.  Castelnau  and  Deville  (types  from 

Pebas,  Peru  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 
Dendrornis  weddellii  DESMURS  in  Castelnau,  Exped.  Ame'r.  Sud,  Ois.,  p.  46, 

pi.  14,  fig.  2,  June  1856 — no  locality  given  (types  from  the  Peruvian  Amazon 

in  Paris  Museum  examined). 
Dendrornis  palliata  (not  of  DESMURS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  164, 

1862 — part,  spec,  b,  Rio  Huallaga. 

Dendrornis  ocellata  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  45,  1868 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira; 
Marabitanas  and  Rio  Xie",  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SAL- 
VIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  978 — Pebas,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e., 
1873,  p.  271 — part,  Pebas;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  136,  1890 — • 
part,  spec,  a,  d,  e,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Huallaga  and  Pebas  (spec,  examined) ; 
ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  170,  208,  1890  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  51,  p.  538, 
1903  (char.,  range);  MENEGAUxand  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  103,  1906 — Pebas,  Peruvian  Amazon  (crit.  on  types  in  Paris  Museum); 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  634,  1906  (note  on 
Spix's  type);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  326,  1910 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira  (crit.); 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  14,  1908 — Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis;  idem,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  335,  1914 — Boim  (RioTapaj6z)  and  Bom  Lugar(Rio  Purus). 

Dendrocolaptes  chuncotambo  (sic)  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871, 
p.  86 — part,  spec,  c,  Rio  Negro. 

Dendrornis  weddelli  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  168,  1890  (char.). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil  (Boim,  Villa  Braga,  Apacy,  Rio  Tapaj6z; 
Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  Rio  Punis;  Marabitanas  and  Rio  Xie",  Rio  Negro) 
and  adjacent  portions  of  eastern  Peru  (Pebas,  Rio  Maranon;  lower 
Huallaga) . 

a  Xiphorhynchus  ocellatus,  while  agreeing  with  X.  spixii  and  allies  in  shape  and 
color  of  bill,  is  nevertheless  quite  distinct  specifically,  the  plain  brown  back,  with 
hardly  a  few  hair  like  buff  shaft  lines  on  the  nape  and  adjoining  portion  of  the  upper 
mantle  separating  it  at  first  sight. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  Tapajoz  (Villa  Braga,  Apacy)  17;  Borba,  Rio 
Madeira  9;  Rio  Punis  43;  Rio  Negro,  Marabitanas  6,  Rio  Xi6  i;  "Piauhy"  i  (the 
type).  Peru:  Pebas  2,  Huallaga  i,  Peruvian  Amazon  3. 


312  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Xiphorhynchus  ocellatus  lineatocapillus   (Berlepsch  and   Leverkuhn)*. 
LINED-HEADED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  lineatocapilla  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  24,  pi.  i, 
fig.  i,  1890 — "Angostura",  Rio  Orinoco,  Venezuela  (type  now  in  Berlin 
Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  51,  p.  539,  1903  (crit.). 

Xiphorhynchus  lineatocapillus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  267, 
1916 — ''Angostura". 

Range:    Venezuela  (" Angostura"  =Ciudad  Bolivar,  Rio  Orinoco). 

*Xiphorhynchus  chunchotambo  chunchotambo  (Tschudfy.    TSCHUDI'S 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  chunchotambo  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  295,  1844 — 
Peru;  idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  241,  pi.  22,  fig.  i,  1846 — Territory  of  the 
Chuncho  tribe,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru  (type  in  Neuchatel  Museum  examined). 

Nasica  chunchotambo  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  427  (ex  TSCHUDI). 

Dendrornis  ocellata  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
p.  750,  755 — Xeberos,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  185 — 
Cosnipata,  Dept.  Cuzco;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  271 — part,  Xeberos;  TACZANOW- 
SKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  529 — Amable  Maria,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  179,  1884 — 
Monterico,  Huambo,  Chirimoto,  Amable  Maria,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  136,  1890 — part,  spec,  b,  n,  Xeberos,  Cosnipata,  Peru 
(examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  chuncotambo  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  86 — part,  spec,  d, 
Xeberos. 

Dendrornis  chunchotambo  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  529 — Monter- 
ico; idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  27 — Chirimoto  and  Huambo  (spec,  examined); 
ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  176,  1890 — Peru  (descr.  of  one  of  Tschudi's  originals  in 

a  Xiphorhynchus  ocellatus  lineatocapillus  (BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN)  :  Closely 
similar  to  X.  o.  ocellatus,  but  bill  larger,  with  the  lower  mandible  brownish  instead 
of  horny  whitish;  pileum  more  blackish  brown  (though  marked  in  the  same  way); 
back  less  rufescent.  Wing  (unsexed  adult)  101 ;  tail  88;  bill  36. 

Known  only  from  the  type  said  to  be  from  "Angostura".  I  have  reasons  to  doubt 
the  correctness  of  this  locality,  and  suspect  that  the  upper  stretches  of  the  Orinoco 
will  prove  to  be  the  real  habitat  of  D.  lineatocapilla,  which  is  certainly  but  a  race  of 
X.  ocellatus. 

b  Xiphorhynchus  c.  chunchotambo  (TSCHUDI)  :  Not  unlike  X.  o.  ocellatus,  but 
much  more  olivaceous,  less  rufescent  above;  pileum  with  well  defined  tear  shaped 
spots  instead  of  being  narrowly  streaked  with  buff;  upper  back  conspicuously  streaked 
with  buff;  squamate  markings  on  throat  and  foreneck  much  larger,  and  heavily  mar- 
gined with  blackish;  breast  and  upper  abdomen  distinctly  streaked  with  buff;  cul- 
men  apically  more  curved. 

The  type  agrees  with  specimens  from  Chanchamayo  and  Huayabamba.  A  series 
from  southeastern  Peru  (Marcapata,  Yahuarmayo)  is  similar.  Birds  from  Bolivia 
slightly  differ  by  paler  (partly  whitish)  and  generally  weaker  bill. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Xeberos  i,  Huambo  2,  Huayabamba  4,  Rioja  i, 
La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo  2,  Chuncho  Territory  (the  type)  i,  Huachipa  6,  Pozuzo  5, 
Cosnipata  i,  Marcapata  4,  Rio  Huacamayo,  Carabaya  2,  Yahuarmayo,  Carabaya  5. 
Bolivia:  Nairapi  i,  Songo  2,  Juntas  2,  Quebrada  Onda  7,  Rio  Espirito  Santo  2, 
San  Mateo  3. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  313 

U.  S.  Nat.  Museum);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
P-  376 — La  Gloria  and  Huayabamba,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR, 
Journ.  Orn.,  51,  p.  538,  1903 — Peru  and  Bolivia  (crit.,  characters);  BER- 
LEPSCH and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  116,  1906 — Rio  Cadena,  Peru. 

Dendrornis  pardalotus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  622 — Nairapi,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  134,  1890 — part,  spec,  x,  Nairapi. 

Xiphorhynchus  chunchotambo  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  79, 
1920 — Yahuarmayo,  Carabaya,  Peru. 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (from  depts.  Amazonas  and  Loreto  south  to 
Carabaya)  and  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba). 

ii :  Peru  (Rioja  i,  Pozuzo,  Huanuco  i,  Huachipa,  Huanuco  6); 
Bolivia  (Rio  Espirito  Santo  i,  unspecified  2). 

Xiphorhynchus    chunchotambo   napensis    Chapman*.      NAPO    WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Xiphorhynchus  chunchotambo  napensis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  123,  p.  8, 
July  1924 — Upper  Suno  River,  Ecuador. 

Dendrornis  — ?  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  456,  1858 — Gualaquiza  (spec, 
examined). 

Dendrornis  palliata  (not  of  DESMURS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  164, 
1862 — part,  spec,  a,  Gualaquiza. 

Dendrornis  chuncotambo  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  86 — 
part,  spec,  a,  Gualaquiza. 

Dendrornis  ocellata  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  136,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  o-q,  Gualaquiza  and  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined) ;  SALVA- 
DOR: and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  25,  1899 — Rio 
Santiago,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Suno,  Zamora,  Gualaquiza,  Rio 
Santiago,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo) . 

Xiphorhynchus  pardalotus  (  Vieillot)b.    LEVAILLANT'S  WOOD-HEWER. 
Dendrocopus  pardalotus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  26,  p.  117, 

a  Xiphorhynchus  chunchotambo  napensis  CHAPMAN:  Differs  from  X.  c.  chuncho- 
tambo by  smaller  buff  spots  on  the  crown,  and  narrower,  more  linear  stripes  on  the 
upper  back;  under  parts  slightly  richer  in  tone,  throat  more  buffy,  and  streaking  of 
abdomen  less  distinct. 

This  form,  in  its  characters,  slightly  diverges  toward  X.  ocellatus,  and  it  is  yet 
possible  that  ocellatus  and  chunchotambo  may  be  found  to  be  subspecifically  related. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Gualaquiza  i,  Rio  Santiago  i,  Rio  Napo  i, 
Sarayacu  2. 

b  Xiphorhynchus  pardalotus  (VIEILLOT)  bears  a  certain  likeness  to  X.  guttatus 
guttatoides,  but  besides  the  much  smaller  spots  on  the  crown,  and  the  deeper  buff 


314  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1818 — based  on  "Le  Grimpar  flambe'"  LEVAILLANT,  Hist.  Nat.  Promerops, 
p.  74,  pi.  30,  Cayenne. 

Dendrocolaptes  flammeus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Berliner  Ak.  Wiss.  for  1818- 
19,  p.  202,  1820 — based  on  LEVAILLANT,  pi.  74,  Cayenne. 

Nasica  pardalotus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  386,  1850 — part, 
Cayenne  (monog.). 

Dendrornis  pardalotus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  45,  1868 — Barra  do  Rio  Negro 
[  =  Manaos]  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  no — Cayenne;  SALVIN, 
I.e.,  1885,  p.  422 — Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Roraima,  and  Merum£  Mts., 
Brit.  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  134,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-w 
Cayenne,  Oyapoc,  Barra,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Merume',  and  Roraima; 
ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  173,  1890 — Guiana  (monog.);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  64,  1902 — Nericagua  (R.  Orinoco),  Suapure  and  La  Pricion 
(Caura),  Venezuela  (spec,  examined) ;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  179, 
1904 — Rio  Lunier,  French  Guiana;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  148,  319, 
1908 — Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  Oyapoc,  Rio  Lunier,  Camopi,  French 
Guiana  (spec,  examined);  SNETHALGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  335,  1914 — 
Rio  Jary  (S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira),  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro). 

Dendrornis  nana  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  178, 
1904 — Camopi,  French  Guiana  (spec,  examined). 

Xiphorhynchus  pardalotus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  267, 
1916 — Nericagua  (R.  Orinoco),  Suapure,  La  Union  and  La  Pricion  (Caura), 
foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  Venezuela;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Gui.,  2,  p.  122,  1921 — 
British  Guiana  (numerous  localities). 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Orinoco-Caura  region);  northern  Brazil,  south  to  north  bank  of  lower 
Amazon  (Rio  Jary,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda,  Mandos). 

*Xiphorhynchus  spixii  (Lesson)*.    SPIX'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  spixii  LESSON,  Traits  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  314,  Sept.  1830 — based  on 
Dendrocolaptes  tenuirostris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  88, 
pi.  91,  fig.  2,  1824 — no  locality  given,  we  suggest  Para  (type  lost). 

Dendrornis  fraterculus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  526,  Aug.  1888 — 
Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  Rio  Tapajoz  (type  examined). 

under  parts  with  the  light  markings  less  wide  and  not  so  strongly  margined  with 
blackish  laterally,  it  is  readily  recognizable  by  its  much  weaker,  slenderer  bill. 

Birds  from  Mandos  and  Obidos  appear  to  have  the  dusky  edges  on  the  foreneck 
and  chest  less  pronounced,  but  the  divergency  is  very  slight. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Ipousin,  Rio  Approuogue  12,  Cayenne  2, 
Rio  Lunier  i,  Camopi  i.  British  Guiana:  Demerara  i,  Rio  Carimang  2,  Camacusa  2, 
Bartica  Grove  i.  Venezuela:  Nericagua  3,  Suapure  6,  La  Pricion  i.  Brazil:  Mandos  8, 
Obidos  3. 

a  Xiphorhynchus  spixii  (LESSON),  as  well  as  X.  elegans,  X.  juruanus,  and  X.  in- 
signis  are  probably  conspecific  with  X.  pardalotus,  replacing  each  other  geographi- 
cally on  the  different  river  banks  of  the  Amazon  and  its  tributaries. 

X.  spixii  appears  to  range,  in  the  west,  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapajdz.  The 
only  specimen  from  Santarem  (type  of  D.  fraterculus)  seen  by  me  differs  from  four- 
teen Pard  examples  by  slightly  darker  upper  parts  with  the  buff  markings  some- 
what narrower,  and  more  restricted  to  the  upper  back.  It  is,  however,  a  very  poor 
skin.  More  material  is  required. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  315 

Dendrornis  ocellata  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
p.  575 — Pard  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrornis  spixii*  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  45,  1868 — Pard  (spec,  examined); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  137,  1890 — Para;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  177, 
208,  1890 — Pard  (monog.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  282,  1905 — Igar- 
ap6-Assu,  Para;  idem,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  634, 
1906 — Pard  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  325,  1910  (crit.);  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p  .525, 1906 — Pard,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata;  idem,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  336,  1914 — Pard,  Providencia,  Ananindeua,  Apehu,  Sta.  Isabel, 
Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puni,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata;  Rio  Guamd  (Sta.  Maria  de 
S.  Miguel),  R.  Tocantins  (Baiao,  Arumatheua),  Rio  Xingu  (Victoria),  Rio 
Iriri  (Bocca  do  Curud),  Rio  Jamauchim  (Tucunare),  Rio  Tapajdz  (Bella 
Vista);  Maranhao. 

Dendrornis  susurrans  (not  of  JARDINE)  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  171,  1890 — part,  San- 
tarem;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  8,  p.  27,  1891 — Santarem. 

Xiphorhynchus  spixii  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
26,  No.  2,  p.  38,  91,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Ipitinga  (Para  localities;  crit.). 

Xiphorhynchus  pardalotus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  2,  p.  63, 
88,  1916 — Utinga,  near  Pard. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Maranhao 
west  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapaj6z  (Santarem,  Bella  Vista). 

i:    Brazil  (Utinga,  near  Para  i). 

Xiphorhynchus  elegans  (Pelzeln)b.    ELEGANT  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  elegans  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  45,  63,  1868 — part,  Engenho  do 
Gama,  Matto  Grosso  (types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  137,  1890 — Engenho  do  Gama;  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  177, 
1890 — part,  Engenho  do  Gama  (ex  PELZELN);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56, 
p.  508,  1908 — Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  325, 
1910 — Calama,  Allianca,  and  Maroins,  Rio  Madeira  (crit.,  range);  SNETH- 
LAGE, Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  336,  1914 — Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapaj6z. 

Range:  Central  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  left  bank  of 
the  Tapajoz  (Villa  Braga,  Itaituba)  to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Calama, 
Allianca,  Maroins),  south  to  western  Matto  Grosso  (Engenho  do  Gama, 
Rio  Guapore). 

s  Sometimes  spelled  spixi. 

b  Xiphorhynchus  elegans  (PELZELN)  is  well  characterized,  among  its  affines,  by 
having  the  whole  back,  from  the  nape  down  to  the  chestnut  rump,  marked  with  large, 
pearl  shaped  spots  of  buff;  the  bend  of  the  wing  largely  cinnamon  rufous;  distinct, 
though  narrow  buff  shaft  lines  or  subapical  dots  on  the  lesser  and  median,  sometimes 
also  on  the  greater  upper  wing-coverts,  large,  fan  shaped  buff  markings  on  foreneck 
and  chest,  etc.  Bill  nearly  straight,  dusky  horn  color,  yellowish  at  base  of  lower 
mandible. 

Material  examined. — Matto  Grosso:  Engenho  do  Gama  4.  Amazonas:  Maroins, 
Rio  Machados  3,  Allianca,  Rio  Madeira  2,  Calama  6;  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Villa  Braga, 
Itaituba)  10. 


316  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Xiphorhynchus  juruanus  (Ihering)*.     IHERING'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  ocellata  juruana  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  "1904",  p.  436,  May 
1905 — Rio  Jurud  (types  examined);  idem,  Cat.  P.  Braz.,  i,  p.  248,  1907 — 
Rio  Jurud. 

Dendrornis  juruana  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  325,  1910 — Rio  Jurua  (crit.). 
(?)  Dendrornis  elegans  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  45,  1868 — part,  Manaqueri. 

Range:  Western  Brazil,  in  State  of  Amazonas  (Rio  Jurud  and  Rio 
Purtis,  probably  extending  north  to  Manaqueri,  Rio  Solimoes). 

*Xiphorhynchus  insignis  (Hellmayr)b.     HELLMAYR'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrornis  insignis  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  15,  p.  55,  March  1905 — 
Samiria,  Rio  Maranon,  Peru;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  325,  1910  (crit.,  range). 

Dendrornis  sp.  inc.  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  750 — Chyave- 
tas,  Peru  (spec,  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Dendrornis  elegans  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873, 
p.  271 — Chyavetas,  Chamicuros  (Peru),  Bogota  (spec,  examined) ;  TACZANOW- 
SKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  27 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  178,  1884 — Chami- 
curos and  Yurimaguas,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  304,  1887 — 
Shanusi,  near  Yurimaguas  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrornis  ocellata  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  136,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  c,  f-h,  j,  1,  m,  r-v,  Yurimaguas,  Chyavetas,  Iquitos,  Bogotd  (spec, 
examined);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  63 — Archidona,  Ecuador  (spec, 
examined). 

Xiphorhynchus  insignis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  422,  1917 — 
Florencia  and  Buena  Vista,  Colombia. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Colombia  ("Bogota"; 
Buena  Vista,  above  Villavicencio;  Florencia,  Rio  Caquetd)  through  east- 
ern Ecuador  (Archidona)  to  Peru  (depts.  of  Loreto,  Amazonas,  Huan- 
uco,  and  Junin). 

2:    Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis,  Dept.  Junin  2). 

a  Xiphorhynchus  juruanus  (IHERING):  Somewhat  intermediate  between  X.  ele- 
gans and  X .  insignis.  Agrees  with  the  latter  in  plain  (unmarked)  upper  wing-coverts 
and  in  markings  of  back,  but  the  fan  shaped  spots  on  the  under  parts  are  very  much 
smaller  and  mainly  confined  to  the  chest,  while  the  bill  is  straighter  and  darker, 
more  like  X.  elegans. 

In  addition  to  the  two  typical  examples  from  the  Rio  Jurud,  I  have  examined 
more  than  thirty  skins  from  the  Rio  Purus  in  the  collection  of  the  Carnegie 
Museum. 

I  suspect  that  Natterer's  Manaqueri  example,  now  in  the  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  New  York  City,  will  prove  to  be  referable  to  the  present  form. 

b  Xiphorhynchus  insignis  (HELLMAYR)  :  Nearly  allied  to  X.  elegans,  but  markings 
above  much  deeper  (more  ochraceous),  smaller  (tear  shaped  rather  than  pearl 
shaped),  and  restricted  to  upper  back;  wing-coverts  without  trace  of  pale  shaft 
streaks;  bill  more  decurved,  with  maxilla  terminally  whitish. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  "Bogotd"  12.  Ecuador:  Archidona  i.  Peru: 
Yurimaguas  i,  Chyavetas  2,  Iquitos  4,  Samiria  i,  Shanusi  i,  Pebas  i,  Chuchurras, 
Huanuco  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  2. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  317 

*Xiphorhynchus  obsoletus  obsoletus  (Lichtenstein) .  STRIPED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  obsoletus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Berliner  Ak.  Wiss.  for  1818-19, 
p.  203,  1820;  idem,  I.e.,  for  1820-21,  p.  265,  1821 — "in  Brasiliae  provincia 
Pard"  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Nasica  multiguttatus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  417,  1850 — Fonte- 
boa,  Rio  Solimoes,  Brazil  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Picolaptes  notatus  EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1852,  p.  26 — no  locality  given  (type 
in  British  Museum  examined). 

Dendroplex  similis  PELZELN*,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  46,  1868 — Engenho  do  Gama 
(Matto  Grosso),  Borba  (Rio  Madeira),  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos], 
Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Dendrornis  multiguttata  DESMURS  in  Castelnau,  Exp£d.  Amer.  Sud,  Ois.,  p.  44, 
pi.  12,  fig.  i,  1856 — Fonteboa,  Brazil;  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  164, 
1862 — Cayenne;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  138,  1890 — part,  spec,  a, 
d,  e,  Oyapoc,  Borba  (spec,  examined);  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  175,  1890 — part, 
descr.  and  hab.  Fonteboa,  Santarem,  Cayenne;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  I.e., 
8,  p.  27,  1891 — Santarem;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  178,  1904 — 
Saint  Georges  d' Oyapoc  and  Ouanary,  French  Guiana. 

Dendrornis  obsoleta  notata  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  64,  1902 
— Altagracia,  Munduapo,  Caicara,  Maipures,  Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco;  Sua- 
pure  and  La  Pricion,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  BEEBE,  Zoologica 
(N.  Y.),  i,  p.  94,  1909 — upper  Guarapiche,  Orinoco  Delta. 

Dendrornis  obsoleta  multiguttata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  105,  1906 — part,  spec,  a-e,  g-i,  Fonteboa  (Brazil),  upper 
Sarare  (Venezuela),  Saint  Georges  d' Oyapoc  and  Ouanary,  French  Guiana 
(crit.);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  148,  1908 — Rio  Approuague,  Oyapoc, 
Ouanary,  French  Guiana;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  17,  p.  326,  1910 — Calama,  Rio 
Madeira. 

Dendrornis  obsoleta  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  508,  1908 — Bella  Vista,  Goy- 
ana,  and  Itaituba,  R.  Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  530,  1908 — Arumatheua,  R.  Toc- 
antins;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  336,  1914 — Rio  Tocantins,  Cussary; 
Rio  Tapaj6z,  Rio  Jamauchim,  Rio  Jary,  Arumanduba,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda 
(Faro). 

Xiphorhynchus  obsoletus  notatus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
p.  267,  1916 — Orinoco  and  Caura  Rivers. 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela  (valley  of 
the  Orinoco  and  tributaries);  northern  and  western  Brazil,  from  the 
Rio  Branco,  Rio  Negro,  and  Solimoes  (Fonteboa)  east  to  the  Tocantins, 
south  to  western  Matto  Grosso  (Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio  Guapore')b. 

i:     Brazil  (lower  Rio  Branco  i). 

B  We  designate  as  type  locality  Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  where  Natterer  secured  a 
good  series. 

b  Careful  study  of  numerous  examples  from  various  localities  reveals  so  much 
individual  variation  in  the  coloring  of  both  upper  and  lower  parts  that  I  find  it 
impossible  to  subdivide  this  form  in  spite  of  its  extensive  range.  The  type  of  D.  ob- 
soletus, kindly  loaned  by  Dr.  E.  Stresemann,  is  absolutely  identical  with  a  series 


318  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.    XIII. 

Xiphorhynchus  obsoletus  palliatus  (DesMurs)*.     DBS  MURS'S  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrornis  palliatus  DEsMuRS  in  Castelnau,  Exped.  Am6r.  Sud,  Ois.,  p.  46, 
pi.  15,  fig.  i,  1856 — no  locality  indicated  (the  type  examined  in  Paris  Museum 
is  from  Sarayacu,  Rio  Ucayali,  Peru). 

Dendrornis  palliata  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  184 — lower 
Ucayali  (spec,  examined);  ELLIOT,  Auk,  7,  p.  178,  1890 — lower  Ucayali  (ex 
DESMURS). 

Dendrornis  multiguttata  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1873,  p.  271 — lower  Ucayali;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  180, 
1884 — lower  Ucayali;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  304,  1889 — Sarayacu, 
Peru  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  138,  1890 — part, 
spec,  b,  c,  f,  lower  Ucayali  and  Rio  Napo  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrornis  ocellata  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  236,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  i,  j,  Iquitos,  Peru  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrornis  obsoleta  multiguttata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.,  19,  p.  105,  1906 — part,  spec,  f,  Rio  Napo. 

Dendrornis  obsoleta  palliata  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  106,  1906 — Sarayacu,  Peru  (crit.). 

Range:    Northeastern  Peru  (Rio  Ucayali,  Iquitos)   and  adjoining 
parts  of  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo). 

Genus  LEPIDOCOLAPTES  Reich  enbach. 

Lepidocolaptes  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scans.,  A,  Sittinae,  p.  183, 
1853 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY,  Cat.  Gen.  Subgen.  Birds,  1855,  p.  29) 
Dendrocolaptes  squamatus  LICHTENSTEIN. 

from  the  Tapaj6z  and  Rio  Madeira  (Borba,  Calama).  Birds  from  the  Guianas, 
Venezuela,  and  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon  (Manaos,  Marabitanas)  average 
slightly  more  rufescent  above,  though  there  are  many  exceptions  to  this  rule.  The 
type  of  Picolaptes  notatus  EYTON,  from  an  unknown  locality  is  an  extreme  example 
of  this  northern  variety.  Four  specimens  from  Fonteboa  (multiguttata  LAFRESNAYE) 
agree  best  with  those  from  the  Rio  Negro  and  Orinoco,  but  the  examination  of  a 
series  of  fresh  skins  seems  desirable.  Certain  individuals,  notably  one  from  the 
upper  Sarare  and  two  from  Munduapo  (Orinoco)  are  very  rufous  throughout,  being 
hardly  distinguishable  from  palliata,  of  Peru. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  "Para"  (type  of  D.  obsoletus}  i;  Goyana,  Tapa- 
joz  i,  Tucunar6,  Rio  Jamauchim  i;  Rio  Madeira,  Borba  10,  Calama  2;  Engenho  do 
Gama,  Matto  Grosso  i;  Fonteboa  4,  Manaos  3,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  4.  French 
Guiana:  Rio  Approuague  i,  Oyapoc  2,  Ouanary  i.  British  Guiana:  Annai  2.  Venezu- 
ela, Rio  Orinoco:  Altagracia  3,  Caicara  i,  Maipures  2,  Munduapo  12,  Caura  River  5, 
upper  Sarare  i. 

*  Xiphorhynchus  obsoletus  palliatus  (DEsMuRs):  Very  similar  to  X.  o.  obsoletus, 
but  back  more  rufous  brown,  less  contrasting  with  chestnut  of  rump  and  tail;  light 
markings  above,  and  throat  deeper  buff;  breast  and  abdomen  more  tinged  with 
rufescent;  bill  stronger. 

This  form  requires  confirmation  by  a  larger  series. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Sarayacu  (including  type)  2,  lower  Ucayali  2,  Iqui- 
tos 2.  Ecuador:  Rio  Napo  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  319 

*Lepidocolaptes    leucogaster     (Swainsori).      WHITE-STRIPED    WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Xiphorhynchus  leucogaster  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Magaz.,  (new  ser.),  I,  p.  440,  1827 
— Temascaltepec,  Mexico. 

Picolaptes  atripes  EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1851,  p.  76 — locality  unknown. 

Picolaptes  leucogaster  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  150,  1850 — Mexico 
(descr.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  147,  1890 — Mexico  City,  Par- 
ada,  Ciudad  Durango,  Mexico;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves,  2,  p.  185,  1891 — Mexico  (numerous  localities);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  259,  1911  (monog.). 

Range :  Western  and  central  Mexico,  in  states  of  Sonora,  Durango, 
Guanajuato,  San  Luis  Potosi,  Vera  Cruz,  Zacatecas,  Mexico,  Morelos, 
Michoacan,  Jalisco,  Colima,  Guerrero,  Oaxaca,  and  Territory  of  Tepic. 

i:    Mexico  (Coyotes,  Durango  i). 

*Lepidocolaptes  squamatus  squamatus  (Lichtenstein) .    LICHTENSTEIN'S 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  squamatus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Berliner  Akad.  Wiss.  for 
the  years  1820-21,  p.  258,  265,  pi.  2,  fig.  i,  1822 — part,  "adult",  Prov.  Sao 
Paulo;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tJbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  14,  1856 — Novo  Friburgo, 
Rio  (spec,  examined). 

Xyphorhynchus  maculiventer  LESSON,  Echo  du  Monde  Savant,  n  (2),  No.  12, 
p.  276,  Aug.  ii,  1844 — "BrSsil". 

Picolaptes  levaillantii  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scans.,  A,  Sittinae, 
p.  182,  pi.  531,  fig.  3655,  1853 — based  on  "Le  Grimpar  flamb6"  LEVAILLANT, 
Hist.  Nat.  Prome"rops,  p.  73,  pi.  29,  fig.  2 — "rapporte'e  du  Br^sil  par  M. 
Lalande"  =Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Picolaptes  squamatus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  148,  1850 — Brazil 
(monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  147,  1890 — Brazil;  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo;  idem,  Cat.  F. 
Braz.,  i,  p.  251,  1907 — Jaboticabal,  Rio  Feio,  Sao  Paulo;  Marianna,  Minas 
Geraes  (spec,  examined). 

Picolaptes  wagleri  (not  of  SPIX)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  44,  note  i,  1868 — 
Bahia  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  (Macaco  Secco, 
near  Andarahy),  Minas  Geraes  (Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem;  Mar  de 
Hespanha;  Marianna),  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Novo  Friburgo;  Colonia 
Alpina,  Serra  dos  Orgaos),  and  in  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Rio  Feio,  Jaboti- 
cabal)a. 

i :    Brazil  (Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy,  Bahia  i). 

a  Ten  specimens  from  Agua  Suja,  Minas  Geraes  are  somewhat  variable,  the  back, 
in  the  majority  being  mainly  cinnamon  rufous,  while  in  two  it  is  olivaceous  brown, 


320  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
Lepidocolaptes  squamatus  wagleri  (Spix)*.    WAGLER'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  wagleri  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  88,  pi.  90,  fig.  2,  1824 — Brazil, 
exact  locality  unknown  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

Picolaptes  wagleri  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Akad.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3, 
P-  633,  1906 — Riacho  Fresco,  Piauhy  (crit.);  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  251, 
1907 — Piauhy;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  67, 
1910 — Riacho  Fresco,  Piauhy. 

.  Range :    Northeastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Piauhy  (Riacho  Fresco) . 

Lepidocolaptes  squamatus  falcinellus  (Cabanis  and  Heine)b.    SPOTTED- 
HEADED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Thripobrotus  falcinellus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  38,  1859 — 
^Montevideo  and  Buenos  Ayres",  errore"  (types  in  Coll.  Heine  examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  squamatus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Berliner  Akad.  Wiss.  for  the 
years  1820-21,  p.  258,  265,  1822 — part,  juv.,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo. 

Picolaptes  falcinellus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  44,  1868 — Mattodentro,  Ypan- 
ema,  Itarar6,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  Curytiba,  Prov.  Parana  (spec,  examined); 

just  a  little  more  rufescent  than  in  L.  s.  falcinellus.  The  upper  part  of  the  head  is 
olivaceous  brown,  each  feather  with  a  small  buff  shaft  spot,  frequently  edged  with 
dusky  at  the  tip,  but  the  hindneck  never  shows  the  slightest  trace  of  pale  markings. 
Two  birds  from  the  interior  of  the  state  of  Sao  Paulo  (Jaboticabal,  Rio  Feio) ,  four 
from  the  Serra  dos  Orgaos,  and  one  from  Bahia  agree  with  the  average  from  Minas 
Geraes. 

Material. — Sap  Paulo,  Jaboticabal  i,  Rio  Feio  i;  Colonia  Alpina,  Serra  dos 
Orgaos,  Rio  4;  Minas  Geraes,  Agua  Suja  10  (Munich  Museum),  Mar  de  Hespanha  i 
(Frankfort  Museum);  Bahia  i,  Macaco  Secco  i. 

s  Lepidocolaptes  squamatus  wagleri  (Spix) :  Similar  to  L.  s.  squamatus,  but  much 
smaller;  pileum  without  buff  spots,  only  the  frontal  feathers  with  indistinct  pale 
shaft  lines;  back,  wings,  and  tail  brighter  cinnamon  rufous ;  breast  and  abdomen  much 
more  brownish,  with  the  dark  edges  to  the  white  longitudinal  stripes  narrower  and 
less  blackish;  under  wing-coverts  deeper  ochraceous.  Wing  (unsexed  type)  89, 
(female)  90;  tail  80;  bill  26.5-28. 

Material. — The  type  i;  Riacho  Fresco,  Piauhy  i  (  9  ad.). 

L.  s.  squamatus  measures  as  follows:  Wing  (nine  males)  97-104,  (five  females) 
96.5-100;  tail  (male)  85-91,  (female)  83-92;  bill  25.5-29. 

b  Lepidocolaptes  squamatus  falcinellus  (CABANIS  and  HEINE)  :  Similar  to  L.  s. 
squamatus,  but  pileum  dull  black,  the  shaft  stripes  much  larger,  deeper  buff,  and 
carried  down  over  the  nape;  back  olivaceous  brown;  rump  and  tail  much  darker, 
chestnut  rufous  rather  than  cinnamon  rufous ;  whitish  superciliary  stripe  more  pro- 
nounced ;  sides  of  neck  with  deep  buff,  black  edged  markings ;  under  parts  olivaceous 
rather  than  grayish,  with  the  mesial  stripes  buff  instead  of  whitish.  Wing  92-100; 
tail  77-87;  bill  27-30. 

Material  examined. — Sao  Paulo:  Victoria  2,  Ypanema  3,  Itarar£  3.  Parand: 
Curytiba  5,  Roca  Nova,  Serra  do  Mar  3. 

This  well  marked  race  represents  typical  squamatus  in  the  southernmost  prov- 
inces of  Brazil.  In  the  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  it  is  found  only  in  the  wooded  southern 
districts,  while  in  the  more  arid  northern  section,  on  the  Rio  Paranapanema  and  its 
tributaries  the  typical  race  takes  its  place. 

0  Localities  no  doubt  erroneous  as  in  the  case  of  Rhopochares  argentinus.  See 
Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Zool.  Ser.,  13,  Part  3,  p.  107,  footnote  a. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  321 

BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  146,  1885 — Taquara  do  Mundo 
Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  148,  1890 — 
Curytiba;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  231,  1899 — Ypiranga;  idem,  Annu- 
ario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  130,  1899 — Mundo  Novo;  idem,  Cat.  F. 
Braz.,  i,  p.  251,  1907 — Ypiranga,  Itarare',  Campo  de  JordSo,  Sao  Paulo; 
Novo  Hamburgo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay;  BERTONI, 
Rev.  Inst.  Parag.,  1907,  p.  —  [Sep.  p.  6]  — Misiones;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  306,  1910 — Tobay,  Misiones;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag., 
p.  53,  1914 — Alto  Parana;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  266,  1919 — Tobay, 
Santa  Ana,  Misiones. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Sao  Paulo  (Campo  do 
Jordao,  Ypiranga,  Mattodentro,  Ypanema,  Victoria,  Itarare)  to  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul  and  adjacent  portions  of  Argentina  (Misiones)  and  Para- 
guay (Alto  Parana). 

Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  lafresnayi  (Cabanis  and  Heine)*.    LAFRES- 

NAYE'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Thripobrotus  lafresnayi  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  38,  1859 — Caracas. 
Picolaptes  lafresnayi  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  627 — Caracas. 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  lafresnayi  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  112,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo. 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  (not  of  DESMURS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  148, 
1890 — part,  spec,  p-r,  Caracas,  Venezuela. 

Range:  North  coast  mountains  of  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Cara- 
bobo (Cumbre  de  Valencia)  and  Dept.  Federal  Occidental  (Cerro  del 
Avila,  Silla  de  Caracas). 

Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  sanctae-martae  (Chapman)*.    SANTA  MARTA 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  sanctae-martae  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  31, 
p.  150,  1912 — Valparaiso,  Santa  Marta  Mts.,  Colombia. 

Thripobrotus  lacrymiger  sanctae-martae  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
14,  p.   276,    1922 — Las   Nubes,   Cincinnati,   Las  Taguas,   Las   Vegas,   San 

a  Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  lafresnayi  (CABANIS  and  HEINE)  :  Similar  to  L.  I.  lac- 
rymiger, but  somewhat  smaller;  under  parts  considerably  lighter,  and  much  more 
olivaceous;  back  paler  olive  brown,  without  any  rufescent  cast.  Wing  (male)  98- 
105,  (female)  95-100;  tail  85-93;  bill  24-28. 

Material. — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  4,  Silla  de  Caracas  3,  Galipan,  Cerro 
del  Avila  20. 

b  Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  sanctae-martae  (CHAPMAN)  :  Very  similar  to  L.  I.  lac- 
rymiger, but  smaller;  under  parts  slightly  paler,  the  light  streaks  not  enclosed  at  the 
tip  by  their  black  lateral  border;  throat  more  whitish  (less  buff),  with  hardly  any 
dusky  edges.  Wing  97-104;  tail  86-96;  bill  26-27.  Three  specimens  examined. 

In  small  size  and  whitish  throat  L.  1.  sanctae-martae  resembles  L.  I.  lafresnayi, 
but  is  much  less  olivaceous  throughout,  with  the  light  streaks  below  lacking  the 
black  border  at  the  tip. 


322  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Lorenzo,    Pueblo    Viejo,    Cerro    de   Caracas,    Chirua,    Heights   of   Chirua, 
Santa  Marta  Mts. 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  (not  of  DESMURS)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  271 
— San  Sebastian;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  148,  1890 — part,  spec,  a, 
San  Sebastian;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  p.  100,  1899 — La  Con- 
cepcion;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  156,  1900 — Valparaiso,  El 
Libano,  Las  Nubes,  San  Lorenzo. 

Range:     Santa  Marta  Mountains  in  northern  Colombia. 

*Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  lacrymiger   (DesMurs).     WHITE-SPOTTED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  lacrymiger  DESMURS,  Iconog.  ornith.,  livr.  12,  pi.  71,  1849 — 
"Mexique",  errore  (the  type  examined  in  Paris  Museum  is  from  Santa  F£ 
de  Bogota). 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  154,  1850 — Bogota 
(descr.);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  142,  1855 — Bogota;  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  781 — MeYida;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  524 — Medellin,  Santa 
Elena,  Envigado,  Frontino;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  331 — between  Ocana  and 
Bucaramanga;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  148,  1890 — part,  spec,  b-m, 
Frontino,  Santa  Elena,  Bogota,  Colombia;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m. 
Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  113,  1906  (note  on  type). 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  lacrymiger  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  423, 
1917 — Paramillo  Trail,  Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  Cerro  Munchique,  Popa- 
yan,  La  Sierra,  Almaguer,  Miraflores,  Salento,  Laguneta,  Santa  Elena,  Rio 
Toch^,  La  Palma,  La  Candela,  Andalucia,  Aguadita,  El  Roble,  Colombia. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  Mts. 
and  southwestern  portion)  and  western  Venezuela  (Andes  of  M£rida)a. 

17:  Colombia "  (Bogota"  8,  Antioquia  i,  San  Antonio  i.  Laguneta 
i,  Paramo  de  Tama  i);  Venezuela  (Culata  3,  Nevados  i,  Escorial  i). 

Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  aequatorialis   (Menegaux)b.     ECUADORIAN 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  warsze-wiczi  aequatorialis  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  2,  No.  43, 
p.  389,  1912 — Banos,  Ecuador  (type  examined);  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL, 
Arkiv  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  70,  1922 — Gualea,  below  Nono,  Niebli. 

a  Specimens  from  MeYida  are  frequently  less  rufescent  below,  but  the  divergency 
appears  to  me  not  constant  enough  for  their  formal  separation. 

b  Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  aequatorialis  (MENEGAUX)  :  Extremely  similar  to 
L.  I.  warscewiczi,  but  more  rufous  brown  throughout.  Pale  shaft  streaks  underneath 
not  margined  with  black  terminally  and  upper  mandible  horn  brown,  exactly  as  in 
warscewiczi.  Wing  100-108;  tail  88-98;  bill  27.5-30. 

Birds  from  western  Ecuador  are  slightly  deeper  colored,  with  the  throat  more 
buffy  yellowish. 

Material. — Ecuador:  Banos  (including  the  type)  2,  Baeza  3,  Cayandeled  2,  Santo 
Domingo  i,  Nanegal  2,  Gualea  3. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  323 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  (not  of  DESMURS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1859,  p.  140 — 
Pallatanga;  idem,  I.e.,  1860,  p.  88 — Nanegal;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH, 
I.e.,  1885,  p.  98 — San  Rafael,  near  Banos. 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  warszewiezi  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  BERLEPSCH  and 
TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p.  301 — Cayandeled  (spec,  examined). 

Picolaptes  warcewiezi  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  149,  1890 — part,  spec, 
c,  d,  Sical,  Nanegal,  Ecuador. 

Picolaptes  warceviezi  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  63 — Gualea,  Lntac,  Santo 
Domingo,  Baeza  (spec,  examined). 

Picolaptes  warscewiczi  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  423,  1917 — 
Ricuarte,  Narifio,  s.w.  Colombia. 

Thripobrotus  warscewiczi  aequatorialis  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32, 
p.  262,  1919 — Alamor,  Prov.  Tumbez,  Peru;  Zaruma,  Prov.  El  Oro;  Gualea, 
Prov.  Pichincha,  Ecuador;  Ricuarte,  Narifto,  Colombia. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  southwestern  Colombia  (Ricuarte, 
Narifio),  Ecuador  (both  slopes),  and  northwestern  Peru  (Alamor,  Prov. 
Tumbez). 

*Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  warscewiczi  (Cabanis  and  Heine)*.    PERU- 
VIAN WOOD-HEWER. 

Thripobrotus  warscewiczi  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  39,  1859 — Perub. 

Picolaptes  peruvianus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  28 — Tamiapampa, 
near  Chachapoyas,  Peru. 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  (not  of  DESMURS)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
p.  529 — Ropaybamba,  Dept.  Junin;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  232 — Tambillo;  idem, 
I.e.,  1880,  p.  201 — Cutervo. 

Picolaptes  warscewiczi  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  173,  1884 — Ropaybamba, 
Tambillo,  Tamiapampa,  Cutervo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  149, 
1890 — part,  Peru;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  20,  p.  322,  1910 — 
Cumpang,  Dept.  Libertad;  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  453,  1918 — Taba- 
conas,  Dept.  Cajamarca. 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  warscewiezi  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  378 — Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin. 

a  Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  warscewiczi  (CABANIS  and  HEINE)  :  Immediately- 
recognizable  from  L.  I.  lacrymiger  by  having  the  buffy  white  shaft  streaks  beneath 
laterally,  but  not  terminally,  margined  with  black.  Differs  from  L.  I.  aequatorialis 
by  lighter,  less  rufescent  coloration  of  upper  and  under  parts,  and  less  buffy  throat. 
Wing  105-112,  (female)  97-107;  tail  90-100;  bill  27-30. 

Material. — Peru:  Molinopampa  3,  Chachapoyas  6,  Levanto  i,  Leimabamba  3, 
Maraynioc  i. 

b  The  type  in  the  Heine  Collection  which  I  have  carefully  examined  is  in  very 
poor  condition.  The  coloration  having  turned  "foxy"  through  age,  it  is  practically 
useless  for  comparative  purpose.  In  size,  especially  length  of  wing  (112  mm.)  it 
agrees,  however,  with  examples  from  Molinopampa. 


324  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Northern  and  central  Peru,  from  depts.  Libertad,  Caja- 
marca,  and  Amazonas  south  to  Junin*. 

3 :    Peru  (Molinopampa  3) . 

Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  carabayae  Hellmayrb.    INTERMEDIATE  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  carabayae  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 
p.  81,  1920 — Chuhuasi,  near  Ollachea,  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Dept.  Puno,  Peru. 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger  warscewiczi  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  92,  1906 — Idma,  above  Santa  Ana,  Dept.  Cuzco. 

Thripobrotus  warszewiczi  warszewiczi  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117, 
p.  86,  1921 — San  Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba  Valley. 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru,  in  depts.  Cuzco  (Urubamba  Valley) 
and  Puno  (Sierra  of  Carabaya). 

Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  bolivianus  (Chapman)*.    BOLIVIAN  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Thripobrotus  warscewiczi  bolivianus  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  262, 
1919 — Incachaca,  Prov.  Cochabamba,  Bolivia. 

Picolaptes  warscewiczi  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  2,  p.  93,  1889 — Yungas;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  149,  1890 
— part,  spec,  a,  b,  Bolivia. 

Range:    Andes  of  Bolivia  (western  and  eastern  Yungas). 

*Lepidocolaptes  af finis  af finis  (Lafresnaye) .    ALLIED  WOOD-HEWER. 
Dendrocolaptes  affinis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  2,  p.  100,  1839 — Mexico. 

Picolaptes  affinis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  275,  1850 — Mexico 
(monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  149,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-h, 
Jalapa,  Mexico;  Santa  Barbara,  Volcan  de  Fuego,  Volcan  de  Agua,  Guate- 
mala; SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  185,  1891 — 

B  A  single  bird  from  Maraynioc  approaches  carabayae  in  the  olive  brown  tone  of 
the  under  parts,  but  has  the  brown  bill  of  warscewiczi. 

b  Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  carabayae  HELLMAYR:  In  coloration  closely  similar  to 
L.  I.  warscewiczi,  but  bill  shorter  and  more  convex,  with  maxilla  dull  whitish  (except 
at  extreme  base).  Wing  101-108;  tail  91-95;  bill  25-27. 

Material. — Chuhuasi  4,  Idma  i. 

0  Lepidocolaptes  lacrymiger  bolivianus  (CHAPMAN)  :  Agreeing  with  L.  I.  carabayae 
in  whitish  bill,  but  throat  more  buffy,  under  parts  much  more  olivaceous,  and  back 
slightly  less  rufescent.  Wing  100-1 1 1 ;  tail  88-97 '.  bill  26-30. 

Material. — Bolivia:  Cocapata  6,  Chaco  2,  Sandillani  i,  San  Cristobal  4,  Quebrada 
onda  2. 

While  identical  in  pattern  with  L.  I.  sanctae-marlae,  this  form  is  much  more 
olivaceous  throughout,  and  has  the  throat  more  buffy. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  325 

part,  Mexico  and  Guatemala;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  10,  p.  32, 
1898 — Jalapa;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  N.  H.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  108,  1907 — 
Tecpam,  Guatemala. 

Picolaptes  parvirostris  SCLATER*,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1889,  p.  33 — Brazil,  errore  (type 
in  British  Museum  examined;  =juv.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  150 
1890 — Brazil  (?). 

Picolaptes  affinis  affinis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  261,  1911 
(monogr.,  syn.;  Mexico  and  Guatemala). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Puebla,  Mexico, 
Guerrero,  Oaxaca,  and  Chiapas)  and  Guatemala. 

4:    Guatemala  (Sierra  Santa  Elena  3,  Tecpam  i). 

Lepidocolaptes  affinis  lignicida  (Bangs  and  Penard)b.     TAMAULIPAS 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  affinis  lignicida  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  63,  p.  26, 
1919 — Galindo,  Tamaulipas. 

Picolaptes  affinis  affinis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  78,  1911 — 
Galindo,  Realito. 

Range:  Arid  tropical  hills  in  the  region  north  and  west  of  Ciudad 
Victoria,  Tamaulipas,  eastern  Mexico. 

*Lepidocolaptes    affinis    neglectus    (Ridgway).      SOUTHERN    ALLIED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  affinis  neglectus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  73,  1909 — 
Coliblanco,  eastern  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  655, 
1910 — Caribbean  highlands  of  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
50,  Part  5,  p.  263,  1911 — Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.,  synon.). 

Picolaptes  affinis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  149, 
1890 — part,  spec,  i-o,  Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  185,  1891 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  Chiriqui;  FERRY, 
Field  Mus.  N.  H.,  Orn.  Ser.,  I,  p.  271,  1910 — Guayabo,  Coliblanco,  Volcan 
de  Turrialba,  Costa  Rica. 

Range:  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Boquete,  Volcan  de 
Chiriqui) . 

a  The  type,  a  specimen  in  juvenile  plumage,  with  short  blackish  brown  bill, 
agrees  with  two  others  from  Guatemala  (Chancol)  and  Guerrero  (Omilteme),  but 
is  slightly  smaller.  The  locality  is  no  doubt  erroneous.  The  type  is  evidently  a 
Guatemalan  trade  skin. 

b  Lepidocolaptes  affinis  lignicida  (BANGS  and  PENARD):  "Similar  to  L.  a.  affinis, 
but  very  much  paler  and  grayer  throughout;  back  more  olivaceous,  less  reddish 
brown ;  head  much  grayer,  less  brownish ;  under  parts  paler,  grayer  and  wholly  lack- 
ing the  rich  brown  (raw  umber)  coloring  of  the  under  parts  in  L.  a.  affinis."  BANGS 
and  PENARD  (I.e.). 


326  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

26:  Costa  Rica  (Coliblanco  9,  Rancho  Redondo  i,  Irazu  i,  Volcan 
de  Turrialba  5,  unspecified  i);  Panama  (Boquete  7,  Chiriqui  2). 

"Lepidocolaptes  fuscicapillus  fuscicapillus  (Pelzeln)*.     DUSKY-CAPPED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  fuscicapillus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  44,  63,  1868 — Engenho  do 
Capitao  Gama,  Rio  Guapor6,  Matto  Grosso  (types  in  Vienna  Museum  exam- 
ined); SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.r  15,  p.  154,  1890 — Engenho  do  Gama 
(Brazil),  Sarayacu  (Ecuador);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  378 — Borgona,  Chanchamayo,  Peru;  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges. 
Bay.,  II,  No.  i,  p.  161,  1912 — Chaquimayo,  Carabaya,  Peru. 

Picolaptes  oUectus  ALLENb,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  94  (footnote),  1889 — 
no  locality  given  (type  in  Museum  Comp.  Zool.,  Cambridge  examined). 

Thripobrotus  fuscicapillus  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  261,  1919 — 
Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapar6,  Prov.  Cochabamba,  Bolivia;  Astillero  (Rio  Tam- 
bopata),  Rio  Cosireni  (Urubamba),  Peru;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117, 
p.  86,  1921 — Rio  Cosireni,  Peru. 

Lepidocolaptes  fuscicapillus  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  80, 
1919 — Chaquimayo,  Peru. 

Range :  Upper  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu)  through 
Peru  (Borgona,  Rio  Colorado,  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin;  Rio  Cosir- 
eni, lower  Urubamba,  Dept.  Cuzco;  Astillero,  Rio  Tambopata,  Cha- 
quimayo, Dept.  Puno)  to  eastern  Bolivia  (Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapare, 
Dept.  Cochabamba;  Rio  Yapacani  and  Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz) 
and  western  Matto  Grosso  (Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio  Guapore") . 

i:    Peru  (Rio  Colorado,  Chanchamayo  i). 

*Lepidocolaptes  fuscicapillus  madeirae  (Chapman)0.    MADEIRA  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

B  Lepidocolaptes  fuscicapillus  fuscicapillus  (PELZELN)  is  characterized,  among  the 
plain  capped  forms,  by  cinnamon  brown  back;  deep  buff  throat,  and  decidedly  ful- 
vous brown  ground  color  of  under  parts,  with  deep  buff  longitudinal  stripes.  In 
the  postocular  region,  there  are  generally  a  few  hair  like  buff  shaft  lines.  Wing 
(male)  97-101,  (female)  90-96;  tail  (male)  82-93,  (female)  79-85;  bill  27-30 

The  (four)  typical  specimens  from  Engenho  do  Gama  are  somewhat  duller 
brown,  less  fulvous  underneath,  thus  pointing  to  L.  f.  madeirae. 

Material  examined. — Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  4;  Buenavista  i,  Rio 
Yapacani  i,  Todos  Santos,  Bolivia  i;  Chanchamayo  i,  Chaquimayo,  Peru  2;  east- 
ern Ecuador  2. 

b  The  type,  although  slightly  faded,  is  unquestionably  referable  to  the  present 
form.  In  size  (wing  90;  bill  27)  it  agrees  with  females  of  L.  f.  fuscicapillus. 

"  Lepidocolaptes  fuscicapillus  madeirae  (CHAPMAN)  is  intermediate  between 
L.  f.  fuscicapillus  and  L.  f.  layardi,  differing  from  the  former  by  creamy  white  (instead 
of  deep  buff)  throat  and  much  less  fulvous  (dull  buffy  brown)  under  parts,  with  the 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  327 

Thripobrotus  layardi  madeirae  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  261,  1919 

— Porto  Velho,  Rio  Madeira  (type);  Barao  Melgago,  Rio  Machados  (type 

examined). 
Picolaptes  layardi  (not  of  SCLATER)  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk,  8,  p.  27,  1891 

— Santarem;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  340,  1914 — part,  Boim, 

Rio  Tapaj6z  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tapajoz 
(Santarem,  Boim,  Villa  Braga,  Miritituba)  to  the  Madeira  (Porto  Velho ; 
Barao  Melgago,  Rio  Machados)  and  Purus  (Arina). 

i :     Brazil  (Porto  Velho,  Rio  Madeira  i). 

*Lepidocolaptes    fuscicapillus    layardi    (Sdater}&.      LA  YARD'S    WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Picolaptes  layardi  SCLATER,  Ibis,  (3)  3,  p.  386,  pi.  14,  1873 — Pard;  idem,  Cat.  B 
Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  155,  1890 — Para;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  525, 
1906 — Para;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26, 
No.  2,  p.  39,  91,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Pard;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
p.  340,  1914 — part,  Pard;  Sta.  Maria  do  Sao  Miguel,  Rio  Guama;  Cameta, 
R.  Tocantins;  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  2,  p.  63,  88,  1916 — Utinga,  Para. 

Thripobrotus  layardi  layardi  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  261,  1919 
— Utinga,  Pard. 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Maranhao  and  Para, 
west  to  the  Tocantins. 

2:    Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  2). 

*Lepidocolaptes  albolineatus  (Lafresnaye)*.    SPOTTED- CROWNED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

longitudinal  stripes  broader  and  almost  whitish;  from  the  latter  by  slightly  more 
brownish  under  parts  and  by  lacking  the  conspicuous  white,  black  edged  postocular 
streak. 

Birds  from  the  Tapaj6z  are  more  grayish  brown  below  and  sometimes  hardly  dis- 
tinguishable from  L.  f.  layardi,  of  the  Pard  district. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING        TAIL  BILL 

One  female  from  Arifia,  Rio  Purus  94  8 1  30 

Two  males  from  Porto  Velho,  Rio  Madeira  92,96  83, —  27.5,28 

One  female  from  Porto  Velho,  Rio  Madeira  89  79  27 

Two  males  from  left  bank  of  Tapajoz  (Villa  Braga)  95F97  87,90  28,29.5 

One  female  from  left  bank  of  Tapaj6z  (Villa  Braga)  95  84.5  27 

One  female  from  right  bank  of  Tapaj6z  (Santarem)  88  74  26.5 

a  Lepidocolaptes  fuscicapillus  layardi  (SCLATER)  :  Closely  allied  to  L.  f.  madeirae, 
but  under  parts  rather  more  grayish  brown,  and  with  a  distinct  postocular  stripe  of 
buffy  white,  black  edged  feathers.  Wing  (five  males)  90-95,  (six  females)  88-91; 
tail  (male)  80-84,  (female)  77-81;  bill  26-29. 

Material  examined. — Tury-assu,  Maranhao  2,  Pard  i,  Utinga  2,  Peixe-Boi  i, 
Benevides  5,  Santa  Maria  do  Sao  Miguel,  Rio  Guamd  i. 

b  Lepidocolaptes  albolineatus  (LAFRESNAYE)  :  Easily  distinguished  from  L.  s.  lin- 
eaticeps  (LAFRESNAYE)  by  smaller  size,  particularly  shorter  bill,  and  by  having  only 


328  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrocolaptes  albolineatus  LAFRESNAYES,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  208,  1846 — "Colombie 
ou  Mexique",  errore,  we  suggest  Cayenne  (type  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Cam- 
bridge examined). 

Picolaptes  albolineatus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  278,  1850 — 
"Colombie  ou  Mexique"  (descr.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  44,  1868 — Forte 
do  Sao  Joaquim,  Rio  Branco  (spec,  examined). 

Picolaptes  puncticeps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  p.  69,  160, 
1873 — Cayenne  (type  in  Brit.  Museum  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  422 
— Merume'  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana,  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  151,  1890 
— Cayenne,  Merume'  Mts.;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  113,  1906 — Cayenne;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  is,  p.  149, 
1908 — Cayenne;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  340,  1914 — Rio  Jary 
(S.  Antonio  da  Cachoeira),  Obidos,  Rio  Jamundd  (Faro). 

Thripobrotus  puncticeps  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  126,  1921 — Merum6 
Mts. 

Range:  Eastern  Venezuela  (Rio  Yuruan);  British  and  French 
Guiana;  and  northern  Brazil,  south  to  north  bank  of  lower  Amazon 
(Rio  Jary,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda,  Manaos). 

i :    Brazil  (Manaos  i). 

Lepidocolaptes  souleyetii  souleyetii  (DesMurs).     SOULEYET'S  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  souleyetii  DESMURS,  Iconog.  ornith.,  livr.  12,  pi.  70,  1849 — 
Payta,  n.w.  Peru  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Picolaptes  souleyetii  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  276,  1850 — Payta 
(descr.);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  114, 
1906 — Payta,  San  Pedro,  Peru  (note  on  type). 

Picolaptes  souleyeti  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  323 — Tumbez;  SALVIN, 
I.e.,  1883,  p.  424 — Payta;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  174,  1884 — Tumbez, 
Guadalupa;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  152,  1890 — part,  spec,  d,  e, 
San  Pedro,  Payta. 

Range:  Northwestern  Peru  (in  prov.  of  Piura  and  Tumbez)  and 
southwestern  Ecuador  (in  prov.  of  Loja  and  El  Oro). 

the  top  of  the  head  marked  with  minute  buff  spots,  apically  edged  with  black. 
Besides,  the  back  is  darker,  much  less  russet  brown,  and  the  ground  color  of  the  under 
parts  grayish  brown  instead  of  buffy  or  wood  brown,  with  the  light  longitudinal  stripes 
much  narrower  as  well  as  more  whitish.  Wing  (male)  82-88,  (female)  78-85;  tail 
(male)  71-78,  (female)  69-76;  bill  21-24.  The  type  measures:  Wing  87;  tail  78; 
bill  24. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana  41,  Venezuela  (Rio  Yuruan)  2,  Forte  do 
Sao  Joaquim,  Rio  Branco  i,  Obidos  i,  Manaos  i. 

•  Although  the  name  albolineatus  had  universally  been  applied  to  another  spe- 
cies, the  type  (now  Mus.  C.  Z.  Cambridge,  No.  77118,  Lafresnaye  Coll.  No.  2238), 
proves  to  be  referable,  without  any  trace  of  doubt,  to  the  bird  known  as  P.  puncti- 
ceps. Except  for  its  bleached  bill  and  slightly  "foxy"  coloration,  due  to  fading,  it 
corresponds  exactly  to  the  original  description  and  the  large  series  in  the  Carnegie 
Museum  with  which  it  was  compared. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  329 

*Lepidocolaptes  souleyetii  esmeraldae  Chapman*.    ESMERALDAS  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Lepidocolaptes  souleyeti  esmeraldae  CHAPMAN,  Aner.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  18,  Aug. 
1923 — Esmeraldas,  Ecuador. 

Picolaptes  souleyetii  (not  of  DEsMuns)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  278 — • 
Bababoyo;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  293 — Esmeraldas. 

Picolaptes  souleyeti  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  563 — 
Guayaquil;  idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  98 — Yaguachi;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
IS»  P-  152,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-c,  Esmeraldas,  Babahoyo;  SALVADORI  and 
FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  26,  1899 — Savanna  of  Guaya- 
quil, Vinces,  Balzar;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  616,  1902 — San  Javier, 
Bulun,  Pambilar,  n.w.  Ecuador. 

Picolaptes  albolineatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 
36,  p.  423,  1917 — part,  Barbacoas,  Tumaco. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador  and  adjacent  parts  of 
southwestern  Colombia  (Prov.  of  Narifio). 

i :    Ecuador  (Ana  Maria,  Prov.  Guayas  i). 

*Lepidocolaptes  souleyetii  lineaticeps  ( Lajresnaye) b.   STRIPED-CROWNED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  lineaticeps  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  277,  1850 — locality 
unknown  (type  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Cambridge  examined)0;  BANGS, 
Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  25,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon,  Panama. 

Picolaptes  albolineatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  524 — Remedios,  Santa  Elena;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  152,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-f,  Bogota,  Santa  Elena,  Remedios;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  423,  1917 — part,  Rio  Salaqui,  Puerto  Valdivia, 
Rio  Frio,  Cali,  Honda,  Buenavista,  Villavicencio,  Colombia. 

Dendrornis  tenuirostris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist. 
N.  Y.,  7,  p.  292,  1862 — Panama. 

Picolaptes  compressus  (not  of  CABANIS)  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  339,  p.  7,  1899 — Punta  de  Sabana,  Darien. 

a  Lepidocolaptes  souleyetii  esmeraldae  CHAPMAN:  Resembling  L.  s.  souleyetii, 
but  throat  darker;  stripes  of  under  parts  deeper  buff,  with  the  blackish  borders  less 
pronounced  and  the  lateral  margins  wood  brown  rather  than  grayish  brown;  bill 
slightly  shorter. 

This  is  rather  an  unsatisfactory  race.  While  six  (out  of  seven)  specimens  from 
Prov.  Esmeraldas  (San  Javier,  Vacqueria,  Pambilar),  when  compared  with  five  from 
northwestern  Peru,  differ  as  stated  above,  nine  from  southwestern  Ecuador  (Guaya- 
quil, yinces,  Balzar)  are  so  variously  intermediate  that  they  might,  with  equal  jus- 
tification, be  referred  to  either  of  the  two  races. 

b  Lepidocolaptes  souleyetii  lineaticeps  (LAFRESNAYE)  merely  differs  from  L.  s.  esmer- 
aldae, of  northwestern  Ecuador,  by  darker  horn  brown  maxilla,  narrower  buff  stripes 
on  crown  and  under  parts,  deeper  rufous  of  rump,  wings  and  tail,  more  pronounced 
dusky  tips  to  primaries,  and  by  having  the  feathers  of  the  lower  throat  edged  with 
dusky.  It  is  unquestionably  but  its  northern  representative. 

0  The  type  (Mus.  C.  Z.  No.  77119,  Lafresnaye  Coll.  No.  2227)  agrees,  in  size  and 
coloration,  with  average  "Bogota"  skins  of  the  bird  called  P.  albolineatus  by  authors. 


330  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Picolaptes  lineaticeps  lineaticeps  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  264,  1911 — eastern  Panama  (monog.). 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  district), 
Panama  (Loma  del  Leon,  Panama,  Punta  de  Sabana),  and  adjacent 
portion  of  western  Venezuela  (San  Cristobal,  Prov.  Tachira)8. 

i:    Venezuela  (Ortisa,  San  Cristobal,  Tachira  i). 

*Lepidocolaptes  souleyetii  littoralis  (Hartert  and  Goodson)b.     CARIB- 
BEAN WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  albolineatus  littoralis  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  417, 
1917 — Quebrada  Secca,  State  of  "Cumand"  [  =  Bermudez],  Venezuela  (type 
examined). 

Picolaptes  albolineatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.. 
1868,  p.  167 — Pilar  and  Carupano,  Bermudez;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  422 — 
Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  152,  1890 — part, 
spec,  g-k,  Carupano  (Venezuela),  Roraima  (Brit.  Guiana);  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  6,  p.  49,  1894 — Princestown,  Trinidad;  BERLEPSCH  and 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  66,  1902 — Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Caicara,  Rio 
Orinoco  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  13,  p.  30,  1906 — Caparo,  Trini- 
dad; STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  65,  p.  203,  1913 — Cariaquito,  Paria 
Peninsula;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  269,  1916 — Orinoco 
Valley,  up  to  the  mouth  of  the  Apure  River. 

Thripobrotus  albolineatus  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  127,  1921 — Roraima, 
Kukenaam;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  277,  1922 — 
Mamatoco,  Fundaci6n,  Don  Diego,  Tucurinca,  Valencia,  Santa  Marta  district. 

Picolaptes  lineaticeps  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  158, 
1866 — Trinidad. 

Range:  Trinidad;  northern  Venezuela  (Cariaquito,  Quebrada  Secca, 
Celci  Puede,  Guiria,  Pilar,  Carupano,  State  of  Bermudez;  San  Esteban, 
Lake  Valencia,  Carabobo;  Maracay,  Aragua;  Orinoco  Valley  up  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Apure  River;  Orope,  Zulia);  northern  Colombia  (Santa 
Marta  district);  British  Guiana  (Roraima);  and  adjoining  portion  of 
Brazil  (Boa  Vista,  upper  Rio  Branco)0. 

8  I  cannot  perceive  any  difference  between  specimens  from  the  Cauca  River 
(Guabinas,  Rio  Caqueta)  and  a  large  series  of  "Bogota"  skins.  A  single  adult  from 
Tachira  (San  Cristobal)  is  also  an  .extreme  example  of  the  present  form,  agreeing  par- 
ticularly well  with  the  type  of  P.  lineaticeps. 

Two  birds  from  Panama  (Loma  del  Leon)  are  identical  in  size  and  coloration  of 
upper  parts,  but  differ  by  their  somewhat  paler,  less  rufescent  lower  surface,  thereby 
approaching  L.  s.  littoralis. 

b  Lepidocolaptes  souleyetii  littoralis  (HARTERT  and  GOODSON)  :  Very  close  to 
L.  s.  lineaticeps,  but  decidedly  smaller;  back  and  wing-coverts  paler,  less  rufous 
brown,  and  general  tone  of  under  parts  lighter,  buffy  or  wood  brown  rather  than 
rufescent  brown.  Thirty  specimens  examined. 

0  Although  the  darkest  examples  of  this  form  cannot  be  distinguished  from  the 
lightest  extreme  of  lineaticeps,  the  majority  from  the  Caribbean  coast  are  decidedly 
paler  and  smaller,  so  that  littoralis  may  well  be  maintained.  Birds  from  Carabobo 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  331 

5:    Venezuela  (Orope,  Zulia  i,  Lake  Valencia  2,  Maracay,  Aragua 
i);  Brazil  (Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco  i). 

*Lepidocolaptes  souleyetii  compressus  (Cahanis}.    THIN-BILLED  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Thripobrotus  compressus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  9,  p.  243,  1861 — Costa  Rica. 

Picolaptes  lineaticeps  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist. 
N.  Y.,  9,  p.  107,  1868 — Gulf  of  Nicoya,  Costa  Rica;  SALVADORI,  Atti  Accad. 
Sci.  Torino,  4,  p.  179,  1868 — Costa  Rica. 

Picolaptes  compressus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  107,  1868 — 
Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  153,  1890 — part,  sp.  u-p, 
Bebedero  (Costa  Rica),  Bugaba,  Mina  de  Chorcha  (Chiriqui);  SALVIN  and 
GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  186,  1891 — part,  Nicaragua,  Costa 
Rica,  Panama;  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  533,  1891 — Costa 
Rica  (crit.);  RICHMOND,  I.e.,  16,  p.  498,  1893 — San  Carlos,  Nicaragua;  BANGS, 
Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  48,  1902 — Boquete,  Chiriqui;  FERRY,  Field 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  271,  1910 — Guayabo,  Puerto  Limon, 
Costa  Rica. 

Picolaptes  compressus  compressus  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  299,  1909 — Boruca,  Paso 
Real,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  Barranca,  Barranca  del  Puntarenas,  Costa  Rica; 
CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  656,  1910 — lowlands  of  Costa  Rica 
(habits). 

Picolaptes  lineaticeps  compressus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  265,  1911 — western  Panama  to  Nicaragua  (monog.). 

and  the  Caracas  region  are  identical  with  those  from  Bermudez  and  Trinidad,  and 
two  specimens  from  Aracataca  (Santa  Marta  district)  do  not  differ  either.  Ten 
skins  from  the  middle  stretches  of  the  Orinoco  (Caicara,  Quiribana  de  Caicara)  appear 
to  me  referable  to  littoralis,  and  not  to  lineaticeps  as  intimated  by  Hartert  and  Good- 
son.  A  single  female  from  the  upper  Rio  Branco  (Boa  Vista)  has  much  narrower  stripes 
on  the  crown  than  any  other  specimen  seen.  This  divergency  should  be  confirmed  by 
a  series. 

MEASUREMENTS 

MALES  WING  TAIL  BILL 

Four  from  Trinidad  89,90,91,91  79.79,79,82  — ,27,27,27.5 

Three  from  Bermudez  92,95i95  78,81,82  — ,29,29 

One  from  Lake  Valencia  92  81  27.5 

One  from  Orope,  Zulia  89  74  24 

Seven  from  the  Orinoco  90,92,93, 93,  76,77,81,81,  26,26.5,27, 

93,94,96  81,82,85  27.5,27.5, 

28,29 
FEMALES 

Four  from  Trinidad  82,85,85,86  72,72,73,73  25,26,26,26 

One  from  Bermudez  87  73  26 

One  from  San  Esteban  82.5  78  26 

One  from  Lake  Valencia  86  77  27 

One  from  Maracay,  Aragua  86  76  27 

Two  from  the  Orinoco  84,89  72,78  25.5,28 

Two  from  Aracataca  (Sta  Marta)          79,82  70,74  26,26 

One  from  the  Rio  Branco  87  79  26 


332  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Picolaptes  gracilis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  n,  p.  542,  1889 — Monte 
Redondo,  Costa  Rica  (=juv.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  154,  1890 
— Monte  Redondo;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
p.  187,  1891 — Monte  Redondo. 

Range:  From  western  Panama  (Bugaba,  Boquete,  David,  Divala, 
Mina  de  Chorcha,  Chiriqui)  through  Costa  Rica  to  Nicaragua. 

15:  Costa  Rica  (Port  Limon  i,  Limon  2,  Orosi  i,  Guayabo  3); 
Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  i,  San  Geronimo,  Chinandega 

7)- 

*Lepidocolaptes  souleyetii  insignis  (Nelson).    NORTHERN  THIN-BILLED 
WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  compressus  insignis  NELSON,  Auk,  14,  p.  54,  1897 — Otatitlan,  Vera 
Cruz,  Mexico. 

Picolaptes  compressus  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  153, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a-m,  Mexico,  Belize  (Brit.  Honduras),  Poctum,  Chisec, 
Rio  de  la  Pasion,  Retalhuleu,  Volcan  de  Agua,  Volcan  de  Fuego,  [El]  Baul 
(Guatemala),  Puerto  Cabello  (Honduras);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  1 86,  1891 — part,  Mexico,  British  Honduras,  Guatemala, 
Honduras;  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  39,  p.  151,  1903 — Ceiba,  Yaruca, 
Honduras;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  108, 
1907 — Mazatenango,  San  Jos6,  Patulul,  Guatemala. 

Picolaptes  saturatior  UNDERWOOD,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  7,  p.  59,  1898 — Gualan, 
Guatemala  (=juv.)a. 

Picolaptes  lineaticeps  insignis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  266, 
1911 — Honduras  to  Mexico  (monog.). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Chiapas,  Tabasco,  Oaxaca, 
Guerrero,  and  Vera  Cruz)  and  through  Guatemala,  Salvador,  and  Brit- 
ish Honduras  south  to  Honduras. 

8:  Mexico  (unspecified  3);  Guatemala  (Mazatenango  i,  San  Jose", 
Esquintla  i,  Patulul,  Solola  3). 

*Lepidocolaptes  fuscus  fuscus   ( Vieillot).     SLENDER-BILLED   WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendr ocopus  fuscus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  26,  p.  117, 
!8i8 — "Bre'sil"  (the  type  examined  in  the  Paris  Museum  was  obtained  by 
Delalande,  Jr.,  near  Rio  de  Janeiro). 

(?)  Picolaptes  guttata  LESSON,  Cent.  Zool.,  p.  93,  pi.  32,  1831 — "Mexique". 

•  Guatemalan  specimens  are  perfectly  identical  with  others  from  Mexico.  The 
type  of  P.  saturatior  was  obviously  a  young  bird,  as  indicated  by  its  short,  blackish 
bill.  No  specimens  from  south  of  Guatemala  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  333 

Picolaptes  Koeniswaldianus  (sic)  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  73,  Jan.  1901 — 
Djaguarasapa,  Alto  Parand,  Paraguay. 

Picolaptes  tenuirostris  apothetus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  14,  p.  188, 
Dec.  1901 — Sapucay,  Paraguay  (type  examined);  idem,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  25,  p.  131,  1902 — Sapucay. 

Picolaptes  fuscus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  278,  1850  (crit.) ;  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  113,  1906 — part, 
spec,  a,  b,  Rio  de  Janeiro  (crit.);  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  252,  1907 — 
Ypiranga,  Alto  da  Serra,  Rio  Mogy  Guassii,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Villa  Bella,  Iguap£, 
Ubatuba,  Avanhandava,  Bauru,  Rio  Peio,  Itapura,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  Ilha 
Grande,  Rio  de  Janeiro;  Espirito  Santo. 

Dendrocolaptes  tenuirostris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th. 
Bras.,  3,  p.  14,  1856 — Novo  Friburgo;  EULER,  Journ.  Orn.,  15,  p.  399,  1867 — 
Cantagallo  (nest  and  egg  descr.). 

Picolaptes  tenuirostris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  44,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Re- 
gisto  do  Sai,  Sapitiba,  Prov.  Rio;  Ypanema,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  151,  1890 — part,  spec,  c-e,  Sao  Paulo,  Rio;  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  232,  1899 — Ypiranga,  Iguap£,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo;  idem, 
l.c.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo;  EULER,  I.e.,  4,  p.  64,  1900 
(egg.  descr.);  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  p.  182, 
1905 — Caminho  de  Couto,  Itatiaya. 

Thripobrotus  tenuirostris  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo. 

Picolaptes  fuscus  apothetus  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  533 — Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  23,  p.  319,  1912 — Mburerd,  Para- 
guay. 

Picolaptes  fuscus  fuscus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  220,  1909 — 
Piray,  Misiones;  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  p.  145,  1915 — 
Braco  do  Sul  and  Engenheiro  Reeve,  Espirito  Santo  (crit.). 

Picolaptes  fuscus  koeniswaldianus  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  358,  1914 — Para- 
guay; DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  265,  1919 — Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo  and  Minas  Ger- 
aes  (Rio  Jordao)  south  to  Parana  (Serra  do  Mar),  and  adjacent  dis- 
tricts of  Argentina  (Misior°s)  and  Paraguay  (Sapucay,  Mburero,  Alto 
Parana)". 

4:  Brazil,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo  (Victoria  i,  Sao  Sebastiao  2,  Fazen- 
da  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema  i). 

*Lepidocolaptes  fuscus  tenuirostris  (Lichtenstein}b.    NORTHERN  SLEN- 
DER-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. 

a  A  specimen  from  Sapucay,  Paraguay  (type  of  P.  t.  apothetus)  proves  to  be  iden- 
tical with  a  series  from  Sao  Paulo.  When  describing  it,  H.  C.  Oberholser  had  only 
Bahia  skins  ( =  tenuirostris)  for  comparison. 

b  Lepidocolaptes  fuscus  tenuirostris  (LICHTENSTEIN)  :  Similar  to  L.  f.  fuscus,  but 
wings  and  bill  decidedly  longer,  and  dusky  brown  edges  to  buff  spots  on  lower  parts 


334  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrocolaptes  tenuirostris  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the 
years  1818-19,  p.  202,  1820;  idem,  I.e.,  for  the  years  1820-21,  p.  265,  1822 — 
Rio  Sao  Francisco,  Prov.  Bahia. 

Picolaptes  fuscus  atlanticus  CORY,  Field  Mus.  N.  H.,  Orn.  Ser.,  I,  p.  341,  1916 — 
Serra  Baturite",  Ceara. 

Picolaptes  tenuirostris  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  151,  1850 — Brazil 
(descr.) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  151,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Bahia. 

Picolaptes  fuscus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc. 
Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  113,  1906 — part,  spec,  c,  d,  Bahia. 

Picolaptes  fuscus  tenuirostris  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  99,  1920 — Ilhe"os — 
Belmonte,  Bahia. 

Range:    Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  and  Ceara. 
i:    Brazil  (Serra  Baturite,  Ceara  i). 

Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  praedatus  (Cherrie}*.     CHERRIE'S  NAR- 
ROW-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  angustirostris  praedatus  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35, 
p.  187,  1916 — Conception  del  Uruguay,  Entrerios  (type  examined). 

Picolaptes  angustirostris  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1869,  p.  161 — near  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  201, 

less  pronounced.    The  other  differences  supposed  to  exist  between  the  two  races 
prove  to  be  inconstant. 

The  type  of  P.  f.  atlanticus  is  perfectly  similar  to  Bahia  skins.  The  late  C.  B. 
Cory  compared  it  with  specimens  from  SSo  Paulo,  erroneously  supposed  to  repre- 
sent tenuirostris. 

MEASUREMENTS 

L.  fuscus  fuscus  WING  TAIL  BILL 

Two  adults  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  78,8 1  ?ii74  24,25 

One  male  from  Rio  Jordao,  Minas 

Geraes  80  75  23 

Two  males  from  Esiprito  Santo  81,83  75,77  23,24 

Four  males  from  Sao  Paulo  76,76,78,78  70,71,74,75  23,24,24,25 

Four  females  from  Sao  Paulo  74,76,76,78  66,68, — ,73  23.5,24,24, — 

One  male  from  Serra  do  Mar,  Parana  81  76  24 

One  male  from  Paraguay  (Sapucay)  74  66  23 

L.  fuscus  tenuirostris 

Five  adults  from  Bahia  84,85,86,87,88  69,75,76,77,  26-27 

77 

One  male  from  Ceara  87  77  26 

a  Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  praedatus  (CHERRIE)  :  Differs  from  L,  a.  angustir- 
ostris by  generally  larger  size,  much  longer  bill,  much  more  heavily  streaked  under 
parts,  and  by  having  the  back  strongly  suffused  with  olive  brown,  the  duller  rufous 
color  being  reduced  to  the  median  portion  of  the  feathers.  Wing  100-106,  once  96; 
tail  80-87 ;  bill  38-40. 

Birds  from  Buenos  Aires  are  identical  with  those  from  Concepcion  del  Uruguay, 
and  Corrientes.  A  single  male  from  Misiones  (Puerto  Segundo),  while  typical  in 
coloration,  is  smaller  (wing  96;  tail  81;  bill  35),  thereby  approaching  L.  a.  angus- 
tirostris. 

Material  examined. — Concepcion  del  Uruguay  4,  Arroio  Gualeguaychu,  Entre- 
rios i,  Corrientes  i,  Buenos  Aires  2,  Misiones  (Puerto  Segundo)  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  335 

1888 — part,  Buenos  Aires,  Entrerios;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  155, 
1890 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Paysandu  (Uruguay),  Corrientes,  Buenos  Aires;  APUN, 
Ibis,  1894,  p.  184 — Rio  Negro,  Uruguay;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
16,  p.  219,  1909 — part,  La  Soledad  (Entrerios),  Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos 
Aires);  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  134 — part,  Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  MARELLI, 
El  Hornero,  I,  p.  78,  1918 — San  Miguel,  near  Curuzu-Cuatia,  Corrientes; 
idem,  I.e.,  i,  p.  225,  1919 — Curuzu-Cuatia;  TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — 
Uruguay. 

Picolaptes  angustirostris  angustirostris  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  307,  1910 — part,  Entrerios,  Barracas  al  Sud;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr. 
Publ.  (Buenos  Aires)  for  1922-23,  p.  643,  1924 — Entrerios,  Barracas  al  Sud. 

Dendrocolaptes  bivittatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY, 
Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  p.  n,  1838 — part,  Corrientes  (spec,  in  Paris 
Museum  examined). 

Lepidocolaptes  atripes  (not  of  EYTON)  HUDSON,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  113 — 
Buenos  Aires;  BARROWS,  Auk,  I,  p.  21,  1884 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay  (spec, 
examined). 

Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  49,  1923 — 
Santa  Elena,  Entrerios. 

Range:  Uruguay  and  northeastern  Argentina,  east  and  south  of 
the  Parana,  in  provinces  of  Entrerios,  Corrientes,  and  Misiones,  also 
near  Buenos  Aires  (Barracas  al  Sud,  and  islands  of  the  Parana). 

*Lepidocolaptes    angustirostris    angustirostris    (Vieillof).      NARROW- 
BILLED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocopus  angustirostris  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  26,  p.  116, 
1818 — based  on  Azara  No.  242,  Paraguay. 

Picolaptes  angustirostris  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  151,  1850 — 
Paraguay;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  433 — Cosquin,  Cordoba;  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  15,  1887 — Lambare",  Paraguay;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  201,  1888 — part,  Cordoba;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  155,  1890 — part,  spec,  e-h,  Fuerte  de  Andalgala  (Catamarca), 
Mendoza;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  132 — Fortin  Page,  lower  Pilcomayo;  idem, 
I.e.,  1901,  p.  227 — Concepcion  and  Paraguayan  Chaco;  SALVADORI,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  21,  1897 — part,  San  Lorenzo  (Jujuy), 
Tala  (Salta);  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  192,  1902 — Tafi  Viejo 
and  Cruz  Alta,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3,  p.  54, 
1905 — same  localities;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  223,  1904 — Santa  Ana  and  Tapia, 
Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Oran,  Salta; 
HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  219,  1909 — part,  Mocovi  (Santa 
Fe"),  Santa  Ana,  Tapia  (Tucuman),  Valle  de  Lerma  (Salta),  Mendoza;  CHUBB, 
Ibis,  1910,  p.  534 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  I.e.,  1911,  p.  134 — part, 
Riacho  Ancho  (Santa  F£),  Colonia  Mihanovitch  (Terr.  Formosa),  Tayni, 
Desaguadero,  Sapatero  Cue"  (Paraguay). 

Picolaptes  angustirostris  angustirostris  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  307,  1910 — part,  Catamarca,  Mendoza,  Cordoba,  Jujuy,  Tucuman,  Salta, 
Chaco;  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  318,  1912 — San  Rafael,  Paraguay. 


336  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  73,  1923 — plains  of 
La  Rioja. 

Picolaptes  sp.  inc.  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  614 — Fuerte  de  Andalgala, 
Catamarca. 

Picolaptes  falcinettus  (not  of  CABAMS  and  HEINE)  STEMPELMANTC  and  SCHULZ, 
Bol.  Ac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  400,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Range:  Paraguay  and  northern  Argentina,  from  the  right  bank 
of  the  Parana  in  provinces  of  Santa  Fe,  Formosa,  and  Chaco  west  to  Cor- 
doba, Mendoza,  La  Rioja,  Tucuman,  Salta,  and  Jujuy*. 

2:    Argentina  (Tucuman  i,  Santa  Barbara,  near  Tucuman  i). 

Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  certhiolus  (Todd)b.    BOLIVIAN  NARROW- 
BILLED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Picolaptes  bivittatus  certhiolus  TODD,  Proc.  BioL  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  173,  1913 — 

Curiche,  Rio  Grande,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Picolaptes  angustirostris  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 

p.  155,  1890 — part,  Bolivia- 
Range  :    Central  Bolivia,  plains  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  Andes  in 

southwestern  section  of  Dept.  of  Santa  Cruz  (Curiche,  near  Cabezas, 

Rio  Grande;  Guanacos,  in  the  Chiriguanos  country). 

• 

Lepidocolaptes    angustirostris    hellmayri    Naumburg'.      HELLMAYR'S 
WHITE-BROWED  WOOD-HEWER. 

•  Lepidocolaptes  a.  angustirostris  possibly  requires  subdivision,  birds  from  west- 
ern Argentina  (Tucuman,  Salta)  being  as  a  rule  more  heavily  streaked  underneath 
than  those  from  Paraguay.  There  is,  however,  so  much  individual  and  seasonal 
variation  that  a  far  larger  series  should  be  compared  than  has  been  available  in  the 
present  connection. 

Material  examined. — Paraguay:  Conception  i,  Bernalcue,  near  Ascunci6n  4, 
Puerto  Pinasco  3,  Rio  Negro  i,  Trinidad  i;  Rio  Pilcomayo,  Fortin  d'Orbigny  i, 
Villa  Montes  i;  Tucuman  tity  i,  Santa  Barbara  i,  Tapia  2;  Salta,  Rio  Bermejo  3, 
Miraflores,  Oran  5 ;  Cosquin,  Cordoba  i ;  Mendoza  i. 

b  Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  certhiolus  (TODD)  :  Identical  with  L.  a.  angustiros- 
tris, from  Paraguay,  in  dimensions  and  coloration  of  under  parts,  but  cinnamon  ru- 
fous of  back,  wings  and  tail  decidedly  lighter.  Wing  (two  adult  males)  100,  101; 
tail  78,  85;  bill  31,  32. 

It  is  very  reluctantly  that  I  admit  this  form  as  distinct.  While,  according  to  my 
view,  quite  different  from  L.  a.  bivittatus,  the  three  specimens  (in  the  Carnegie  Mus- 
eum) closely  resemble  Paraguayan  skins  of  angustirostris  in  size,  relatively  slight 
grayish  brown  streaking  of  under  parts,  and  brownish  edges  to  the  upper  back. 
The  only  constant  divergency  I  can  discover  is  the  decidedly  lighter  cinnamon  rufous 
color  of  the  upper  parts.  Additional  material  is  required  to  prove  the  constancy  of 
this  character. 

Specimens  examined. — Bolivia:   Curiche,  Rio  Grande  i,  Guanacos  2. 

e  Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  hzllmayri  NAUMBURG:  Similar  to  L.  a.  bivittatus, 
but  larger,  with  longer,  more  powerful  bill;  back,  wings,  and  tail  generally  of  a  deeper 
rufous;  under  parts  conspicuously  streaked  with  dusky  or  blackish  brown,  especially 
on  the  sides.  Similar  also  to  L.  a.  angustirostris  and  L.  a.  certhiolus,  but  larger,  with 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  337 

Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  hettmayri  NAUMBURG,  Auk,  42,  p.  421,  1925 — 
Chilon,  Santa  Cruz,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Picolaptes  angustirostris  (not  of  VIEELLOT)  SALVADORI,  BolL  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12, 
No.  292,  p.  21,  1897 — part,  San  Francisco,  Caiza,  Prov.  Tarija;  LONNBERG, 
Ibis,  1903,  p.  454 — San  Luis,  Tarija. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Bolivia,  in  provinces  of 
Cochabamba  (Vinto,  Parotani,  Tujma,  San  Jose,  Olgin,  Trigal,  Rio 
Mizque),  Santa  Cruz  (Chilon,  Valle  Grande,  Samaipata),  and  Tarija 
(Tarija). 

*Lepidocolaptes    angustirostris    bivittatus     (Licktensteiri).      WHITE- 
BROWED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  bivittatus  LICHTENSTEIN»,  Abhandl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the  years 
1820-21,  p.  258,  266,  pi.  2,  fig.  2,  1822 — "in  provincia  Sao  Paulo";  LAFRES- 
NAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.f  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  p.  n,  1838 — part,  Chiqui- 
tos  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Picolaptes  bivittatus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  152,  1850 — Sao 
Paulo;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  17,  1856 — Sete  Lagoas, 
Minas  Geraes;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  44,  1868 — Cimeterio  [do  Lambari], 
Irisanga  (Sao  Paulo),  Jose1  Diaz  (Goyaz),  Cuyaba,  Caicara  (Matto  Grosso) 
(spec,  examined);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  375 
— Lagoa  Santa,  Paracatu,  Minas  Geraes;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
P-  *55i  1890 — part,  spec,  b-j,  Corumba,  Matto  Grosso,  Brazil,  and  Bolivia; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  p.  114,  1893 — Piedra  Blanca  (Chiqui- 
tos,  Bolivia),  Corumba,  Chapada  (Matto  Grosso);  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  13,  1895 — Corumba;  idem,  I.C.,  15,  No.  378, 
p.  8,  1900 — Urucum;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  253,  1907 — Rincao, 
Franca,  Barretos,  Itarare'  (Sao  Paulo),  Porto  da  Faya  (Matto  Grosso) ;  GRANT, 
Ibis,  1911,  p.  135 — Riacho  Paraguay,  Matto  Grosso. 

Picolaptes  angustirostris  bivittatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  65,  1908 — Goyaz, 
Rio  Araguaya,  Rio  Thesouras,  Faz.  Esperanca,  Prov.  Goyaz. 

longer  bill,  and  upper  parts  much  brighter  chestnut  rufous,  without  any  trace  of 
brownish  suffusion.  Wing  (five  males)  105-111,  (eight  females)  98-104;  tail  (male) 
88-96,  (female)  78-90;  bill  35-40. 

This  form  combines  the  plain  rufous  back  of  the  eastern  group  (bivittatus, 
coronatus),  with  the  streaked  under  parts  of  the  western  races  (angustirostris,  certhi- 
olus),  differs,  however,  from  both  by  larger  size  and  longer  bill,  in  which  respect  it 
closely  resembles  praedatus,  of  the  La  Plata  region.  All  specimens  so  far  examined, 
are  from  altitudes  between  5,600  and  9,000  ft.  It  clearly  replaces  its  allies  in  the  Sub- 
tropical Zone  of  the  Andes  of  central  Bolivia,  while  on  the  north  slope,  at  Buenavista, 
and  at  their  eastern  base,  around  Cabezas  and  Abapo,  other  forms,  L.  a.  bivittatus  and 
L.  a.  certhiolus  respectively,  are  met  with. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia,  Prov.  Cochabamba:  Vinto  2,  Parotani  2,  Tujma  i, 
Cochabamba  i.  Prov.  Santa  Cruz:  Chilon  2,  San  Jos£  (Rio  Mizque)  2,  Olguin  2, 
Trigal  i,  Samaipata  i,  Valle  Grande  i.  Prov.  Tarija:  Tarija  3. 

»  Dendrocopus  maculatus  VIEILLOT  (Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.t  26,  p.  117, 
1818;  idem,  Tabl.  enc.  meth.,  Ornith.,  livr.  91,  p.  625,  1822 — "Bresfl")  which 
PUCHERAN  (Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  5,  p.  483,  note  i,  1853)  identified  with  D.  bivittatus 


338  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(?)  Dendrocolaptes  rufus  WiEDa,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1130,  1831 — inte- 
rior of  Minas  Geraes  and  Bahia  (type  lost). 

Range:  Plains  of  eastern  Bolivia  (Buenavista;  Prov.  del  Sara; 
Chiquitos)  and  the  central  Brazilian  plateau,  in  states  of  Sao  Paulo, 
Matto  Grosso,  Minas  Geraes,  and  Goyazb. 

2:    Bolivia  (Buenavista  2). 

*Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  coronatus  (Lesson)0.     PIAUHY  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Dendrocolaptes  bivittatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  p.  87,  pi.  90, 
fig.  i,  1824 — Piauhy  (spec,  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

Picolaptes  coronatus  LESSON,  Traite"  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  314,  Sept.  1830 — based 
on  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  i,  pi.  90  [fig.  i],  Piauhy. 

Picolaptes  bivittatus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  8,  p.  80,  1876 — Santarem;  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  525,  1906 — Monte  Alegre;  idem,  I.e.,  61,  p.  527, 
1913 — Monte  Alegre  and  Maraj6;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  340,  1914 — 
Monte  Alegre;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  67, 
1910 — Barroca  do  Maranhao,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

LICHTENSTEIN,  cannot  possibly  refer  to  this  species,  since  it  is  stated  by  the  describer 
to  be  one  of  the  smallest  members  of  the  family,  not  exceeding  in  size  the  European 
Chaffinch  (Fringilla  coelebs).  The  type  is  no  longer  to  be  found  in  the  Paris  Museum. 

0  Wied's  description  of  the  under  parts  could  apply  to  either  L.  a.  bivittatus  or 
L.  a.  coronatus,  and  might  even  have  been  taken  from  a  pale  bellied  example  of 
L.  a.  bahiae.  No  material  being  available  from  the  type  locality  (presumably  the 
region  around  Cidade  da  Conquista  in  southern  Bahia,  near  the  frontier  of  Minas 
Geraes),  the  question  cannot  be  decided.  Unfortunately,  the  type  has  disappeared 
(see  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  248,  1889). 

b  Specimens  from  Matto  Grosso  and  eastern  Bolivia  are  identical  with  a  series 
of  topotypes  from  Sao  Paulo,  while  birds  from  Minas  and  Goyaz  average  more  buffy 
underneath,  thus  pointing  to  L.  a.  coronatus. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Buenavista  5,  Prov.  del  Sara  3,  Rio  Dolores, 
Prov.  del  Sara  i,  Palmarito,  Rio  San  Julian,  Chiquitos  i,  Puerto  Suarez  i.  Brazil: 
Matto  Grosso,  Cuyabd  2,  Caicara  i,  Descalvados  i,  Villa  Maria  i,  Urucum  7,  Pal- 
miras  2,  Chapada  4,  Corumbd  i;  Goyaz,  Fazenda  Esperan§a  3,  Jaragua  i,  Leopol- 
dina  i,  Goyaz  2;  Minas  Geraes,  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem  3;  Sao  Paulo,  Cimeterio 
do  Lambari  4,  Irisanga  2,  Itarare"  i. 

0  Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  coronatus  (LESSON)  :  Nearly  allied  to  L.  a.  bivittatus, 
but  under  parts  deeper,  warm  buff,  and  under  tail-coverts  buckthorn  brown  or  ochra- 
ceous  tawny,  without  or  with  very  faint  whitish  markings.  Wing  (males)  97-105; 
tail  79-87;  bill  34-39- 

This  form  is  exactly  intermediate  between  L.  a.  bivittatus  and  L.  a.  bahiae.  While 
generally  decidedly  more  buffy  beneath,  some  specimens,  notably  one  from  the  Bar- 
roca do  Maranhao,  actually  referred  by  Reiser  to  bivittatus,  are  practically  indistin- 
guishable from  the  birds  of  the  central  provinces  of  Brazil.  Examples  from  the  Rio 
Grande  and  Rio  Preto  in  northwestern  Bahia  form  the  transition  to  L.  a.  bahiae, 
and  a  male  secured  by  Reiser  at  the  Fazenda  Estreito  is  quite  as  deeply  ochraceous 
below  as  certain  pale  bellied  trade  skins  from  Bahia.  The  few  specimens  seen  from 
the  lower  Amazon  (Santarem,  Maraj6)  are  apparently  identical  with  the  series  from 
Maranhao  and  Piauhy. 

Material  examined. — Para:  Santarem  3,  Maraj6  i.  Maranhao:  Cod6  5.  Piauhy: 
Parnagua  2,  Lake  Missao  i,  unspecified  i  (the  type).  Bahia:  Rio  Grande,  Faz.  Estre- 
ito i,  Faz.  da  Fora  i,  Boa  Vista  i,  Barra  i ;  Rio  Preto,  Faz.  Taboa  i,  Sao  Marcello  i . 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  339 

Picolaptes  bivittatus  bahiae  (not  of  HELLMAYR  1903)  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2. 
Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  633,  1906 — Piauhy;  REISER,  Denks.  math, 
naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  67,  1910 — part,  Barra  do  Rio  Grande,  Faz. 
da  Fora,  Faz.  Estreito,  Boa  Vista,  Rio  Grande,  Taboa,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia; 
Parnagud  and  Lake  Missao,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Para  (Santarem,  Maraj6), 
Maranhao,  Piauhy,  and  northwestern  Bahia  (Rio  Grande,  Rio  Preto). 

7:  Brazil  (Santarem  i,  Codo,  Maranhao  5,  Sao  Marcello,  Rio 
Preto,  Bahia  i). 

*Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  bahiae   (Hellmayr)*.     TAWNY  WOOD- 
HEWER. 

Picolaptes  bivittatus  bahiae  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien.,  53,  p.  219, 
1903 — Bahia;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  67, 
1910 — part,  Joazeiro  (spec,  examined). 

Picolaptes  bivittatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  155,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  Bahia. 

Range :  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  and  Ceara,  and  extreme 
eastern  Piauhy  (Serra  do  Ibiapaba). 

ii :  Brazil,  Ceara  Qua  2,  Quixada  4);  Piauhy  (Deserto  i,  Ibia- 
paba 4). 

Genus  CAMPYLORHAMPHUS  Bertoni. 

Xiphorhynchus  (not  of  SWAINSON,  June  1827)  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  No.  n, 
P-  354i  Sept.-Dec.  1827 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Dendrocolaptes  procurvus  TEM- 

MINCK. 

Campylorhamphus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  70,  1901 — type  Campylor- 
hamphus  longirostris  BERTONI  =  Dendrocopus  falcularius  VIEILLOT. 

Xiphornis  OBERHOLSER,  Smithson.  Misc.  Coll.,  48,  p.  64,  1905 — type  Dendroco- 
laptes procurvus  TEMMINCK. 

"Campylorhamphus  falcularius  (  Vieilloi).    BLACK-BILLED  SICKLE-BILL. 
Dendrocopus  falcularius  VIEILLOT,  Tabl.  enc.  me'th.,  2,  livr.  91,  p.  626,  1822 — 
"Bresil";  VIEILLOT  and  OUDART,  Galerie  Ois.,  i  (2),  p.  286,  pi.  175,  circa  1825 
— Organ  Mts.,  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 
Dendrocolaptes  procumus  TEMMINCK**,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  5,  pi.  28,  1820 — Brazil 
(part,  plate  only,  but  not  the  description). 

a Lepidocolaptes  angustirostris  bahiae  (HELLMAYR):  Similar  to  L.  a.  coronatus, 
but  under  parts  even  darker,  deep  ochraceous  or  clay  color.  Wing  (male)  96-102; 
tail  8p-88;  bill  33-38. 

Birds  from  Ceard  average  slightly  darker  beneath  than  those  from  Bahia  col- 
lections. 

Material  examined. — Bahia:  trade  skins  15,  Joazeiro  i ;  Ceara  6;  Piauhy  5. 

b  The  plate  no  doubt  represents  the  black-capped  species  with  blackish  bill 
while  Temminck's  description  was  obviously  based  on  an  example  of  the  red  billed 
C.  trochilirostris.  The  text  to  livr.  i  to  20  of  Temminck's  work  is  supposed  to  have 


340  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Campylorhamphus  longirostris  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  70,  1901 — 'Alto 
Parand,  Paraguay. 

Xiphorhynchus  trochUirostris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN  1820)  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev. 
Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  374,  1850 — Organ  Mts.,  Rio  de  Janeiro  (monog.);  BUR- 
MEISTER,  Syst.  tlbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  16,  1856 — Novo  Friburgo. 

Xiphorhynchus  procurvus  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  44,  1868 
— Rio  de  Janeiro;  Mattodentro  and  Ypanema,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  exam- 
ined); CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio  de  Janeiro; 
BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  147,  1885 — Taquara,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  158,  1890 — Novo  Friburgo, 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  "Bahta"  (errore);  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming 
Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio  (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  3,  p.  233,  1899 — Tiete,  Ypiranga;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo, 
Novo  Friburgo;  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  130,  1899 — 
[Taquara  do]  Mundo  Novo;  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13, 
p.  182,  1905 — Morro  dos  Carneiros,  Itatiava. 

Xiphorhynchusfalcularius  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  161,  1889 — 
Brazil  (monog.);  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  p.  115,  1906 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Porto  Real,  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (diag., 
crit.  on  type) ;  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  253,  1907 — Ypiranga, 
Tiete",  Sao  Paulo;  Espirito  Santo. 

Campylorhamphus  falcularius  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  335,  1914 — 
Santa  Ana,  Misiones. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo 
and  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  and  adjacent  districts  of  Para- 
guay (Puerto  Bertoni)  and  Argentina  (Misiones)'. 

i:    Brazil  (Rio  de  Janeiro  i). 

Campylorhamphus  multostriatus  (Snethlage)b.    MANY-STRIPED  SICKLE- 
BILL. 

Xiphorhynchus  multostriatus  SNETHLAGE,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  15,  p.  161,  1907 — 
Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins  (type  examined);  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  530, 
1908 — Arumatheua;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  342,  1914 — Arumatheua. 

Campylorhamphus  multostriatus  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  527,  1913 — Rio 
Tocantins. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tocantins  (Aru- 
matheua). 

been  issued  with  livr.  21  in  April  1822,  or  even  later  (see  STRESEMANN,  Anzeiger  Orn. 
Ges.  Bay.,  7,  p.  55,  1922);  but  if  SHERBORN  (Ibis,  1898,  p.  487)  is  correct  in 
assuming  that  the  scientific  (latin)  names  of  the  birds  figured  in  these  early  parts 
were  printed  on  the  back  of  the  wrappers,  Dendrocolaptes  procurvus  TEMMINCK  will 
have  to  be  accepted  as  the  oldest  title  for  D.  falcularius  VIEILLOT. 

•  Twelve  specimens  from  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Sao  Paulo,  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  exam- 
ined. 

b  Campylorhamphus  multostriatus  (SNETHLAGE)  :  Similar  to  C.  t.  trochUirostris  in 
shape  and  length  of  bill,  as  well  as  in  proportions;  but  ground  color  of  pileum  black 
instead  of  wood  brown;  back  much  darker  rufous  brown,  the  buff  streaks  much 


1925-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  341 

Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  lafresnayanus  (D'Orbigny)*.    LAFRES- 
NAYE'S  RED-BILLED  SICKLE-BILL. 

Dendrocolaptes  lafresnayanus  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  merid.,  Ois.,  p.  368, 
pl-  53,  fig-  2,  1847 — islands  of  the  Parana,  near  Goya,  Prov.  Corrientes,  and 
Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (the  marked  type  examined  in  the  Paris  Museum  is  from 
Chiquitos,  Bolivia). 

Xiphorhynchus  rufo-dorsalis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  160,  1889 — 
Corumba,  Matto  Grosso;  ALLEN,  I.e.,  5,  p.  114,  1893  —  Corumba;  SAL- 
VADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  8,  1900 — Uruciim,  Corumba. 
and  Carandasinho,  Matto  Grosso. 

Dendrocolaptes  procurvus  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn. 
Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  12,  1838 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia;  BRIDGES, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  15,  p.  30,  1847— plains  between  the  Indian  town  of  Loretto 
I  =  Lauretto]  and  Trinidad,  Bolivia. 

Xiphorhynchus  lafresnayanus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  377,  1850 
— Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (monog.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  44,  1868 — Cuyaba 
(spec,  examined);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  160,  1889 — Bolivia 
(diag.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  160,  1890 — Bolivia;  KERR,  Ibis, 
1892,  p.  133 — Fortin  Donovan,  lower  Pilcomayo;  idem,  I.e.,  1901,  p.  227 — 

larger,  laterally  edged  with  black,  and  extending  much  farther  down;  rump,  tail, 
and  wings  much  darker,  chestnut  rather  than  hazel;  throat  (unmarked)  plain  white; 
foreneck  and  breast  much  more  broadly  striped  with  buff;  bill  chestnut  brown  in- 
stead of  hazel.  Wing  (male)  95;  tail  88;  bill  (with  chord  along  curvature)  62. 

This  very  distinct  form  approaches  C.  falcularius  in  dark  coloration  of  bill,  plain 
white  throat,  blackish,  buff  streaked  pileum,  and  chestnut  wings  and  tail,  but  it  is 
much  smaller,  the  bill  especially  so,  and  heavily  streaked  with  buff  both  above  and 
below.  In  its  ally  the  back  is  uniform  Brussels  brown,  while  underneath  the  chest 
only  shows  a  number  of  narrow,  less  defined,  buff  markings.  Besides,  in  multostriatus 
the  whole  rump  is  chestnut,  whereas  in  falcularius  this  color  is  practically  restricted 
to  the  upper  tail-coverts. 

Material  examined. — One  male  (the  type)  from  Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins. 

a  Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  lafresnayanus  (D'ORBIGNY):  Nearly  related  to 
C.  t.  trochilirostris,  but  larger,  with  much  longer  bill;  coloration  much  more  rufous, 
the  back  being  rich  ferruginous,  almost  of  the  same  color  as  wings  and  tail,  and  the 
under  parts  bright  tawny  ochraceous.  Bill  clear  hazel  as  in  the  typical  race. 

Birds  from  Matto  Grosso  (Cuyaba)  and  Paraguay  (Villa  Concepcion  and  Fort 
Wheeler)  are  identical  with  three  from  Bolivia,  including  the  type,  while  specimens 
from  the  Argentine  Parana  (Puerto  Bermejo,  Ocampo)  have,  as  a  rule,  somewhat 
longer  bills. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Three  males  from  Cuyaba  (rufodorsalis)  108,110,112  95,97,105       75,76,78 

Three  females  from  Cuyabd  (ruf odor  salts)  103,106,107  — ,90,95         73, 73. 80 

One  adult  (unsexed)  from  Chiquitos,  Bolivia 

(type)  112  95  73 

One  male  from  Villa  Concepcion,  Paraguay  107  98  76 

One  male  from  Fort  Wheeler,  Paraguayan  Chaco  no  100  81 

One  male  from  Puerto  Bermejo,  Terr,  del  Chaco     no  103  90 

Three  males  from  Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  Fe"  111,116,118  102,104,105  95,96,100 

Two  females  from  Ocampo  102,106          95, 96  84,95 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Matto  Grosso:  Cuyaba  6.  Bolivia:  Chiquitos  2, 
San  Mateo  i.  Paraguay:  Concepcion  r,  Fort  Wheeler  i.  Argentina:  Rio  La  Plata  i, 
Puerto  Bermejo  i,  Ocampo  5. 


342  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Paraguayan  Chaco;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  118,  1906 — Chiquitos,  Rio  de  La  Plata  (crit.);  HARTERT  and 
VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  219,  1909 — Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  F£  (spec, 
examined). 

Xiphornis  lafresnayanus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  308,  1910 — 
Ocampo. 

Xiphorhynchus  trochilirostris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  135 — 
Riacho  Paraguay  and  opposite  Rabicho,  near  Corumba,  Matto  Grosso. 

Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  lajresnayanus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  333, 
1910 — Chiquitos  (Bolivia),  Matto  Grosso,  Argentina  (Goya,  Ocampo)  (crit.); 
LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  94,  1920 — western  Matto  Grosso. 

Range :  Plains  of  northern  and  eastern  Bolivia  (Trinidad-Lauretto, 
Prov.  El  Beni;  Rio  San  Mateo;  Chiquitos);  western  Matto  Grosso 
(Cuyaba,  Corumba,  Urucum,  Carandasinho,  etc.) ;  Paraguay  (Villa  Con- 
cepcion ;  Fort  Wheeler  and  Fortin  Donovan,  Paraguayan  Chaco) ;  north- 
ern Argentina,  in  Terr,  del  Chaco  (Puerto  Bermejo),  and  provinces  of 
Santa  Fe  (Ocampo)  and  Corrientes  (near  Goya). 

*Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  trochilirostris  (Lichtenstein} .     RED- 
BILLED  SICKLE-BILL. 

Dendrocolaptes  trochilirostris  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the 
years  1818-19,  p.  207,  pi.  3',  1820 — Brazil;  idem,  I.e.,  for  the  years  1820-21, 
p.  263,  1822 — Prov.  Bahia  (type  examined);  WIED,  Reise  Bras.,  2,  p.  141, 
1821 — Rio  da  Cachoeira,  Bahia. 

Dendrocolaptes  procurvus  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  5,  text  to  pi.  28,  Dec. 
1820 — Brazil  (but  not  the  plate). 

Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  intermedius  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2), 
p.  103,  col.  pi.,  fig.  i,  1920 — Ilhe"os,  Bahia. 

Xiphorhynchus  trochilirostris  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1140,  1831 — 
Rio  da  Cachoeira,  near  Ilhe'os,  Bahia;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  44,  1868 — 
part,  Bahia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  154,  1889 — Brazil 
(monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  159,  1890 — part,  spec,  c-h, 
Bahia,  Brazil;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me"m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19, 
p.  117,  1906 — Bahia  (crit.);  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  254,  1907 — Bahia 

Xiphorhynchus  procurvus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  375,  1850 
(monog.). 

Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  trochilirostris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  331 , 
1910 — Bahia  (monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  269, 
1911 — part,  Bahia  (diag.). 

Campylorhamphus  procurvus  ?  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  270, 
1911 — Bahia  (diag.). 

•  The  plate  is  irrecognizable. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  343 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Bahia  (Lamarao,  Rio  da  Cach- 
oeira,  Ilhe'os)8. 

i:    Brazil  (Bahia  i). 

*Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  major  Ridgway*.     CEARA  SICKLE- 
BILL. 

Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  major  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.   Nat.  Mus.,  50, 

Part  5,  p.  269,  1911 — Brazil;  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 

i,  p.  341,  1916 — Jua  and  Serra  Baturit£,  Ceara  (crit.). 
Xiphorhynchus  trochilirostris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  REISER,  Denks.  math,  nat- 

urw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  67,  1910 — Lake  Missao,  near  Parnagua,  and 

below  Uniao,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Range:    Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Ceara  and  Piauhy. 
5:    Brazil,  Ceara  (Serra  Baturite"  2,  Jua,  near  Iguatu  2);  Piauhy 
(Arara  i). 

*Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  venezuelensis  (Chapman)0.     VEN- 
EZUELAN SICKLE-BILL. 

Xiphorhynchus  venezuelensis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  156,  1889 
— Venezuela;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumanacoa,  Bermudez,  Ven- 
ezuela. 

a  All  of  the  many  Bahia  specimens  examined  appear  to  be  referable  to  a  single 
form,  although  there  is  much  individual  variation  in  the  width  of  the  buff  (in  worn 
plumage  almost  white)  streaks  on  pileum,  upper  back,  and  chest.  A  single  bird  from 
near  the  type  locality  of  C. trochilirostris  intermedius  LIMA  is  inseparable  from  others 
taken  at  Lamarao  (near  the  city  of  Bahia).  Twenty-four  specimens  from  Bahia 
compared. 

b  Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  major  RIDGWAY:  Similar  in  coloration  to 
C.  t.  trochilirostris,  but  bill  much  longer,  and  lower  throat  generally  distinctly  edged 
with  brown.  Wing  97-103;  tail  85-95;  bill  69-76. 

Birds  from  Piauhy  agree  in  length  of  bill  with  those  from  Ceara,  but  have  the 
lower  throat  almost  unmarked,  more  like  typical  trochilirostris. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Two  males  from  Ceara                                                     98,103  88,90  70,74 

Two  females  from  Ceara                                                  98,103  90,95  72,73 

Two  females  from  Lake  Missao,  Piauhy                        97,98  85,85  69, — 

One  female  from  below  Uniao,  Piauhy                          97  90  76 

Twenty-four  examples  of  C.  t.  trochilirostris,  from  Bahia,  measure  as  follows: 
Wing  93-99,  loo  (one),  101  (two),  102  (two);  tail  82-90;  bill  58-64,  once  66. 

0  Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  venezuelensis  (CHAPMAN)  :  Nearest  to  C.  t.  ma- 
jor with  which  it  agrees  in  length  of  bill,  but  throat  up  to  the  chin  heavily  marked 
with  brown;  pileum  blackish  with  more  ochraceous  streaks;  back  and  under  parts 
somewhat  darker;  rump,  wings,  and  tail  deeper  rufous.  Wing  90-102;  tail  88-98; 
bill  64-76. 

Birds  from  the  Orinoco  Valley  average  paler  beneath  and  have  generally  longer 
bills,  while  a  series  from  Colombia  closely  agree  with  specimens  from  the  Venezuelan 
north  coast  which  we  may  regard  as  typically  representing  venezuelensis.  Certain 
examples  from  Colombia,  by  their  darker  rufescent  brown  under  parts  with  sugges- 


344  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

• 

Xiphorhynchus  lafresnayanus  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat. 
Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  292,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama. 

Xiphorhynchus  trochilirostris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i, 
p.  44,  1868 — part,  Marabitanas  and  Rio  Amajau,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  exam- 
ined); SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  P-  524 — Remedies,  Colom- 
bia; SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  159,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  i-s,  Lion 
Hill,  Panama;  Remedies,  Bogota,  Colombia;  San  Esteban  and  Caracas,  Ven- 
ezuela; SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  188,  1891 — 
part,  Panama,  Colombia,  Venezuela;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2, 
p.  26,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon,  Panama;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
9,  p.  67,  1902 — Altagracia,  Caicara,  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Orinoco  River. 

Campylorhamphus  trochiliroslris  venezuelensis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  331, 
1910 — Venezuela,  Colombia,  Panama,  northern  Brazil  (Rio  Amajau)  (crit.); 
HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  114,  1912 — Cumbre 
de  Valencia,  Carabobo,  Venezuela  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H., 
36,  p.  424,  1917 — Alto  Bonito,  Rio  Sucio;  Villavicencio,  Colombia;  TODD 
and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  276,  1922 — Valencia,  Santa  Marta 
district. 

Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  a,  p.  269, 
1916 — Altagracia,  Caicara,  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  R.  Orinoco. 

Campylorhamphus  venezuelensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  271,  1911 — Venezuela,  Colombia,  and  eastern  Panama  (monog.);  STONE, 
Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  p.  263,  1918 — Gatun,  Panama. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Gatun,  Lion  Hill,  Frijole);  Colombia 
(Alto  Bonito,  Rio  Sucio;  Remedies;  Valencia,  Santa  Marta  district; 
Villavicencio,  "Bogota");  Venezuela,  north  coast  from  Bermudez  (Cu- 
manacoa)  west  to  Carabobo  (Cumbre  de  Valencia)  and  Tachira  (San 
Cristobal),  south  to  the  Orinoco  Valley  (Altagracia,  Caicara,  Quiribana 
de  Caicara);  (?)  northwestern  Brazil  (Rio  Amajau,  and  Marabitanas, 
Rio  Negro"). 

3:  Venezuela  (Maracay,  Aragua  2,  La  Ortiza,  San  Cristobal, 
Tachira  i). 

tions  of  blackish  lateral  edges  to  the  pectoral  stripes,  and  irregular  dusky  markings 
on  the  throat,  form  the  transition  to  C.  t.  thoracicus. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Cumbre  de  Valencia  4,  Silla  de  Caracas  3, 
Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  3,  Maracay,  Aragua  2,  San  Cristobal,  Tachira  i ;  Caicara  i, 
Altagracia,  R.  Orinoco  3.  Colombia:  Remedios  i,  "Bogota"  5. 

a  A  single,  unfortunately  immature,  female  from  the  Rio  Amajau  (tributary  of 
the^Rio  Negro)  most  certainly  represents  an  undescribed  race.  While  agreeing  in 
essential  characters  with  venezuelensis,  it  is  of  a  much  brighter,  more  rufous  colora- 
tion throughout.  The  birds  recorded  from  the  Prov.  of  Quixos,  eastern  Ecuador 
(Xiphorhynchus  procurvus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  p.  in,  1854),  and  La  Mor- 
elia,  Rio  Caqueta,  Colombia  (Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  procurvoides  CHAP- 
MAN/Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  424,  1917)  are  possibly  referable  to  the  same 
form,  the  status  of  which  remains  to  be  determined  by  additional  material. 


1925.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  345 

*Campylorhamphus    trochilirostris    thoracicus    (Sdater)&.      ERASER'S 
RED-BILLED  SICKLE-BIRD. 

Xiphorhynchus  thoracicus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  277,  1860 — Babahoyo, 
w.  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  293 — Esmeraldas,  n.w.  Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1877,  p.  323 — Lechugal,  Dept.  Tumbez,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  181, 
1884 — Lechugal;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  563 
— Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  99 — Yaguachi;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  2,  p.  160,  1889 — Ecuador,  Peru  (diag.);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  26,  1899 — Rio  Peripa,  Ecuador. 

Xiphorhynchus  trochilirostris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  159,  1890 — part,  spec,  b-d,  g-h,  Babahoyo,  Esmeraldas,  Guaya- 
quil, Santa  Rita,  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  63 — Santo  Domingo 
(spec,  examined). 

Xiphorhynchus  trochilirostris  thoracicus  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  616,  1902 — 
San  Javier  and  Pambilar,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  thoracicus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  332, 
1910 — western  Ecuador  and  northwestern  Peru  (crit.). 

Campylorhamphus  thoracicus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  424,  1917 
— Buenavista,  Narino,  s.w.  Colombia. 

Range :  Southwestern  Colombia  (Buenavista,  Narino),  western  Ecu- 
ador, and  Peru  (Lechugal,  Dept.  Tumbez;  Vista  Alegre,  Dept.  Huanuco; 
Puerto  Bermudez,  Dept.  Junin). 

5:  Ecuador  (Pambilar,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i,  Chimbo  2);  Peru 
(Vista  Alegre  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  i). 

Campylorhamphus  procurvoides  (Lafresnaye)b.    GUIANA  SICKLE-BILL. 

Xiphorhynchus  procurvoides  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  376,  1850 — 
Cayenne  (type  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  examined) ;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  158,  1889 — Cayenne  (crit.  on  type);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov. 
Zool.,  15,  p.  149,  1908 — Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana  (spec. 

a  Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  thoracicus  (SCLATER)  :  Nearest  to  C.  t.  ven- 
ezuelensis,  but  with  the  buff  streaks  on  upper  back,  foreneck  and  breast  surrounded 
by  black.  Ground  color  of  under  parts  generally  of  a  darker,  more  rufescent  hue. 

Birds  from  central  Peru  average  somewhat  larger,  but  do  not  differ  in  coloration. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Four  males  from  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  95,99,102,102  90,92, 93,99  62,63,68,72 

Two  females  from  Esmeraldas  94,94  — .92  65,70 

One  male  from  Santo  Domingo,  Ecuador          97  87  60 

One  female  from  Chimbo,  Ecuador  93  91  58 

One  male  from  Puerto  Bermudez,  Peru  101  98  62 

One  female  from  Vista  Alegre,  Peru  102  98  64 

b  Campylorhamphus  procurvoides  (LAFRESNAYE)  appears  to  be  specifically  dis- 
tinct from  C.  trochilirostris,  as  evidenced  by  the  splendid  series  in  the  Carnegie  Mu- 
seum. Its  principal  characters  are  the  dark  red  (walnut  brown)  bill  and  the  deep 
raw  umber  coloration,  with  the  pale  markings  on  the  head  restricted  to  narrow  lines 


346  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  341,  1914 — Rio  Xingu  (Vic- 
toria), Cussary,  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Boim,  Villa  Braga),  Rio  Jary,  Monte  Alegre, 
Obidos,  Rio  Jamundd.  (Faro). 

Xiphorhynchus  subprocurvus  REICHENBACH,  Handb.  spez.  Orn.,  Scansoriae, 
p.  183,  1853 — new  name  for  Xiphorhynchus  procurvoides  LAFRESNAYE. 

Xiphorhynchus  trochilirostris  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  575 — Monte  Alegre;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  44, 
1868 — part,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos],  and  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  (spec, 
examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  422 — Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Brit. 
Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  159,  1890 — part,  spec,  t-a1, 
Bartica,  Camacusa,  Mazaruni  River,  Oyapoc,  Cayenne,  south  bank  of 
Amazon. 

Xiphorhynchus  dorso-immaculatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  159, 
1889 — Cayenne  (type  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  examined). 

Xiphornis  procurvoides  (?)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  367,  1907 — Borba,  Rio 
Madeira. 

Campylorhamphus  trochilirostris  procurvoides  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  331, 
332,  1910 — French  and  British  Guiana,  northern  Brazil,  Borba  (crit.,  diag.). 

Campylorhamphus  procurvoides  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  527,  1913  (range 
in  Amazonia);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  130,  1921 — British  Guiana. 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  Amazon  from  the  Jary  west  to  Mandos,  and  also  on  its 
southerly  tributaries,  the  Tapajoz  and  Rio  Madeira  (Borba). 

*Campylorhamphus  pusillus  pusillus  (Sclaler)*.    BROWN-BILLED  SICKLE- 
BILL. 

Xiphorhynchus  pusillus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  278,  1860 — "in  Nova 
Grenada  int."  =  Bogota;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  524 — Concordia, 

or  small  elongated  spots,  and  the  back  either  wholly  immaculate  or  but  finely  streaked 
with  buff  on  upper  portion. 

The  variation  exhibited  in  a  series  from  French  and  British  Guiana  tends  to  show 
that  X.  dorso-immaculatus  is  merely  an  individual  variant  of  procurvoides.  Speci- 
mens from  south  of  the  Amazon  are  perhaps  different,  but  I  have  not  been  able  to 
examine  a  satisfactory  series. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana  9.  British  Guiana  5.  Brazil:  Obidos  i, 
Borba  4. 

a  Campylorhamphus  pusillus  pusillus  (SCLATER)  differs  from  C.  trochilirostris 
venezuelensis  (CHAPMAN),  likewise  found  in  Colombia,  by  shorter,  pale  horn  brown, 
below  brownish  white  bill,  much  deeper  buff  throat,  more  olivaceous  tone  of  the 
body  plumage,  and  by  the  buff  markings  underneath  extending  down  to  the  abdo- 
men. Bill  54-60. 

This  species  is  probably  divisible  into  two  races.  Specimens  from  Jimenez 
(western  Andes),  in  comparison  to  Bogota  skins,  are  much  darker  olivaceous  be- 
neath, and  have  much  deeper  chestnut  wings  and  tail,  darker  even  than  in  borealis. 
An  adult  female  from  Ventana,  n.w.  Ecuador,  agrees,  however,  with  those  from 
Bogotd  except  for  its  slightly  darker  bill.  CHAPMAN  (I.e.,  p.  425)  also  remarks  on  the 
variation  in  Colombian  skins  from  various  localities,  and  discusses  the  affinities  of 
the  type  of  C.  chapmani. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  4,  Concordia  i,  near  Jimenez  3.  Ecua- 
dor: Ventana,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  347 

Antioquia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  157,  1889 — part,  Colom- 
bia (descr.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  160,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-c, 
Bogota,  Concordia,  Colombia;  Ecuador;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  616, 
1902 — Ventana,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Xiphorhynchus  grenadensis  (ex  LAFRESNAYE  MS.)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26, 
p.  63,  1858 — "Rio  Napo"  (nomen  nudum). 

Campylorhamphus  chapmani  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  74,  1909 — 
locality  unknown,  probably  Antioquia. 

Campylorhamphus  pusillus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  425,  1917 
— San  Antonio,  Cocal,  Barbacoas,  western  Andes;  Miraflores,  central  Andes; 
Fusugasugd  and  ".Bogotd",  eastern  Andes,  Colombia  (crit.);  L6NNBERG  and 
RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  71,  1922 — road  to  Gualea  and  Santo 
Domingo  de  los  Colorados,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Andes  of  Colombia  and  western  Ecuador  (Ventana,  Prov. 
Esmeraldas;  Gualea  and  Santo  Domingo,  Prov.  Pichincha). 

i:     Colombia  ("Bogota"  i). 

*Campylorhamphus  pusillus  borealis  Carriker*.    COSTA  RICAN  SICKLE- 
BILL. 

Camylorhamphus  pusillus  borealis  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  657, 
1910 — El  Hogar,  Costa  Rica. 

Xiphorhynchus  pusillus  (not  of  SCLATER  1860)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870, 
p.  193 — Boquete  de  Chitra,  Panama;  BOUCARD,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  60 — Naranjo 
de  Cartago,  Costa  Rica;  ZELEDON,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Costa  Rica,  i,  p.  114, 
1888 — Birris  de  Cartago  and  Jimenez,  Costa  Rica;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  157,  1889 — part,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
IS,  p-  1 60,  1890 — part,  spec,  e-k,  Boquete  de  Chitra,  Chitra,  Chiriqui,  Pan- 
ama, and  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p. 
189,  pi.  48,  fig.  2,  1891 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  Panama. 

Xiphorhynchus  grandis  (CHERRIE  MS.)  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3, 
p.  48,  1902 — Volcan  de  Chiriqui  (nomen  nudum). 

Campylorhamphus  borealis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  272, 
1911 — Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.). 

Range:  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chitra,  Boquete  de 
Chitra,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Miramar,  Bogaba). 

i :    Costa  Rica  (El  Hogar  i). 

Campylorhamphus  pucheranii  (DesMurs).     PUCHERAN'S  SICKLE-BILL. 
Xiphorhynchus  pucheranii  DESMURS,  Iconog.  ornith.,  livr.  12,  pi.  68,  1849 — 

a  Campylorhamphus  pusillus  borealis  CARRIKER:  Similar  to  C.  p.  pusillus,  of  the 
Bogota  region,  but  buff  streaking  of  under  parts  decidedly  narrower;  wings  and  tail 
deeper  chestnut;  maxilla  darker  horn  color. 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica:  El  Hogar  i,  Azahar  de  Cartago  i,  Cariblanco 
de  Sarapiqui  i,  La  Estrella  de  Cartago  i.  Panama:  Bogaba,  Chiriqui  i,  Miramar  i, 
Chiriqui  i. 


348  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Santa  F6  de  Bogotd.  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined) ;  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev. 
Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  378,  1850 — Bogotd;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  142, 
1855 — Bogotd;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  161,  1890 — Bogota;  GOOD- 
FELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  63 — Guanacillo,  w.  Ecuador;  MENEGAUX  and  HELL- 
MAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  119,  1906 — Bogota. 

Campylorhamphus  pucker ani  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  426, 
1917 — Cocal,  Colombia. 

Range:    Andes  of  Colombia  ("Bogota";  Cocal,  western  Andes)  and 
western  Ecuador  (Guanacillo) ». 

Genus  NASICA  Lesson. 

Nasica  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  311,  Sept.  1830 — type  by  monotypy 
Nasica  nasalis  LESSON  =  Dendrocopus  longirostris  VIEILLOT. 

Nasica  longirostris  (Vieillot).    LONG-BILLED  WOOD-HEWER. 

Dendrocopus  longirostris  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  26,  p.  117, 
1818 — based  on  "Le  Grimpar  Nasican"  LEVAILLANT,  Hist.  Nat.  PromeYops, 
p.  65,  pi.  24,  "Br6sil". 

Dendrocolaptes  longirostris  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Berliner  Akad.  Wiss.  aus 
den  Jahren  1818-19,  p.  200,  1820  (descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  aus  den  Jahren  1820-21, 
p.  263,  1822 — Prov.  Pard,  Brazil. 

Nasica  nasalis  LESSON,  Traits  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  311,  Sept.  1830 — based  on 
LEVAILLANT,  pi.  24. 

Nasica  albicollis  LESSON,  Echo  du  Monde  Savant,  n,  No.  49,  p.  1165,  1844 — 
Cayenne. 

Nasica  longirostris  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  383,  1850  (monogr.); 
EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1852,  p.  23  (generic  characters);  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  I,  p.  44,  1868 — Salto  do  Girao  and  Borba  (Rio  Madeira),  Marabitanas, 
Rio  Negro;  BARTLETT,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  373 — Elvira,  Peru;  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  171,  1884 — Cayenne,  Elvira;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit 
Mus.,  13,  P-  156,  1890 — Cayenne,  Rio  Negro,  Samiria  (Peru),  Rio  Napo, 
Sarayacu  (Ecuador);  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  p.  27,  1891 — Santarem; 
BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  66,  1902 — Maipures,  Perico, 
Nericagua,  Salvajito,  Munduapo,  Orinoco  R.,  Venezuela;  I  BERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  6,  p.  437,  1905 — Rio  Jurud;  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  p.  253,  1907 — Rio 
Jurud;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  115, 
1906 — Brazil  (type),  Pebas;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  149,  1908 — 
Cayenne;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  14,  p.  16,  1907 — Itaituba,  Urucurituba,  R.  Tapa- 
j6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  31,  1907 — Obidos;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  367,  1907 — Humaytha, 
Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  330,  1910 — Calama,  Jamarysinho, 
Maroins,  Rio  Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  525,  1906 — Maracd, 
Monte  Alegre,  Cussary;  idem,  I.e.,  56,  p.  509,  1908 — Goyana,  Villa  Braga, 
R.  Tapaj6z;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  341,  1914 — Arumatheua,  R.  Tocan- 

*  Two  specimens,  including  the  type,  from  Bogota  examined. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  349 

tins;  Cussary,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  Ponto  Alegre,  Rio  Punis;  Maraca,  Monte  Alegre, 
Rio  Maecuni,  Rio  Jamunda;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
p.  269,  1916 — upper  Orinoco. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  east  to  the  Tocantins,  south  to  the  upper 
Rio  Madeira;  eastern  Peru;  eastern  Ecuador;  Venezuela  (upper  stretches 
of  the  Orinoco) ;  French  Guianaa. 

Genus  DRYMORNIS  Eyton. 

Drymornis  EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  5,  p.  23,  1852 — type  by  subs,  desig.,  (GRAY, 
1855)  Nasica  bridgesii  EYTON. 

*Drymornis  bridgesii  (Eyton).    BRIDGES'S  WOOD-HEWER. 

Nasica  bridgesii  EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  2,  p.  130,  pi.  38,  1849 — "Interior  of 
Bolivia"1"  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  (Nasica)  gracilirostris  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  p.  249, 
1860 — Rio  Quinto,  Prov.  Cordoba. 

Nasica  gracilirostris  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  466, 1861 — Rio  Quinto. 

Dendrocolaptes  bridgesii  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Argent.,  i,  p.  253,  1874 — Rio 
Guayquiraro,  Prov.  Corrientes. 

Drymornis  bridgesii  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  220,  1909 — Cos- 
quin,  Cordoba;  La  Soledad,  Entrerios;  Tapia,  Tucumdn. 

Drymornis  bridgesi  LEE,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  133 — Rio  Gato,  near  Gualeguaychu,  Entre- 
rios; WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  613 — Pilciao,  near  Andalgala,  Catamarca; 
Monte  Grande,  near  Buenos  Aires;  BARROWS,  Auk,  i,  p.  20,  1884 — Concep- 
tion, Entrerios;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  199,  pi.  10,  1888 — 
Argentina;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  157,  1890 — Paysandu,  Uru- 
guay; Gualeguaychu,  Entrerios;  Cosquin,  Cordoba;  Mendoza;  STEMPELMANN 
and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  400,  1900 — Cordoba;  SALVADORI, 
Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  21,  1897 — Tala,  Prov.  Salta;  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  192,  1902 — Tapia,  Conception,  Prov.Tucuman; 
idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.  Tuc.,  3,  p.  54,  1905 — same  localities;  BAER, 
Ornis,  12,  p.  223,  1904 — Tapia;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  307,  431,  1910 — range  in  Argentina;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  20, 
1920 — Canelones,  Paysandii,  Uruguay;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  49,  1923 
— Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  73,  1923 — La  Rioja. 

Picolaptes  Bridgosi  (sic)  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  34,  1916 — Mendoza. 

Range:  Uruguay;  Argentina,  from  the  provinces  of  Corrientes  and 
Entrerios  west  to  Mendoza,  La  Rioja,  Tucuman,  and  Salta;  once  re- 
corded from  the  vicinity  of  Buenos  Aires  (Monte  Grande). 

2 :    Argentina  (Tapia,  Tucuman  i,  El  Carrizal,  Sierra  de  Cordoba  i). 

B  I  have  not  seen  specimens  from  either  Guiana  or  Ecuador. 

b  Locality  most  probably  erroneous.  The  type  which  agrees  with  Argentina  ex- 
amples is  more  likely  to  have  been  obtained  near  Mendoza  where  Bridges  did  a  good 
deal  of  collecting. 


350  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  GLYPHORYNCHUS  Wied. 

Glyphorynchus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1149,  1831 — type  by  mono- 
typy  Glyphorynchus  ruficaudus  =  Dendrocolaptes  cuneatus  LICHTENSTEIN. 

Glyphorhynchus  STRICKLAND,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  9,  p.  28,  1841  (emendation). 

Sphenorynchus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1278,  1831  (lapsus  for 
Glyphorynchus  WIED). 

Sittacilla  LESSON,  Compl.  Buff  on,  9,  p.  135,  1837 — type  Dendrocolaptes  cuneatus 
LICHTENSTEIN. 

Zenophasia  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  351,  1838 — type  by  monotypy  Zeno- 
phasia  platyryncha  SWAINSON  =  Dendrocolaptes  cuneatus  LICHTENSTEIN. 

*Glyphorynchus  spirurus  spirurus  (  Vieillot}.    WEDGE-BILL. 

Neops  spirurus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  31,  p.  338,  1819 — 
based  on  "Le  Grimpar  Sittelle"  LEVAILLANT,  Hist.  Nat.  Promerops,  p.  75, 
pi.  31,  fig.  i,  1807,  Cayenne. 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  simittimus  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  419,  1917 — Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana;  BANGS  and  PEN- 
ARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  64,  1918 — Rijsdijkweg,  Altonaweg,  Sur- 
inam; CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  112,  1921 — British  Guiana. 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn. 
Normandie,  2,  p.  35,  1857 — Cayenne;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  1867 — 
part,  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos],  Rio  Vaupe,  Marabitanas,  Barcellos  (spec,  ex- 
amined); SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  421 — Bartica,  Camacusa,  Roraima;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  13,  p.  124,  1890 — part,  spec,  x-g1,  Roraima,  Camacusa, 
Bartica  Grove,  Oyapoc,  Cayenne;  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  161 — Amapa;  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  63,  1902 — Munduapo,  Nericagua, 
Capuano,  Maipures,  R.  Orinoco;  La  Pricion,  Nicare,  Caura,  Venezuela; 
MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10,  p.  178,  1904 — Saint  Georges  d'Oyapock, 
Mahury,  Rio  Lunier,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  524, 
1906 — part,  Amapa;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  147,  1908 — Cayenne, 
Roche-Marie,  Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  331,  1914 — part,  Amapa,  Faro  (Rio  Jamunda). 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  cuneatus  (errore)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  31, 
1907 — Obidos;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  265,  1916 — 
localities  on  upper  Orinoco  and  Caura  (ex  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT)  ;  BEEBE, 
Trop.  Wild  Life,  i,  p.  133,  1917 — Bartica,  Brit.  Guiana. 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  castelnaudi  (not  of  DESMURS)  CHERRIE,  I.e.,  p.  266, 
1916 — foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  Venezuela. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela  (on 
the  Orinoco  and  its  southerly  tributary,  the  Caura);  northern  Brazil, 
north  of  the  Amazon,  from  Amapa  west  to  the  Rio  Negro  (Manaos, 
Barcellos,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Vaup6)B. 

*  Birds  from  Manaos,  Obidos  and  Rio  Branco  are  practically  identical  with  those 
from  Guiana  and  the  Caura  Valley.  Two  examples  from  Marabitanas,  upper  Rio 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  351 

4:  Dutch  Guiana  (Surinam  2);  Brazil  (Manaos  r,  Conceigao, 
Rio  Branco  i). 

*Glyphorynchus  spirurus  castelnaudii  DesMurs*.   CASTELNAU'S  WEDGE- 
BILL. 

Glyphorhynchus  castelnaudii  DssMuRS  in  Castelnau,  ExpeU  Am<§r.  Sud,  Zool., 
i,  livr.  18,  Ois.,  p.  47,  pi.  15,  fig.  2,  1856 — Santa  Maria,  lower  Huallaga,  Peru 
(type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  750 — Chyavetas,  Peru;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  25,  1899 — Gualaquiza,  Rio  Santiago,  Rio  Zamora, 
Ecuador. 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23, 
p.  142,  1855 — Bogota;  idem,  I.e.,  26,  p.  63,  1858 — Rio  Napo;  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  1868 — part,  Borba;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1873,  p.  270 — Chyavetas,  Chamicuros,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  27 
— Yurimaguas;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  124,  1890 — part,  spec, 
p-w,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  Ecuador;  Bogotd;  Iquitos,  Chamicuros,  Samiria, 
Peru;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  436,  1905 — Rio  Jurud;  idem,  Cat.  P. 
Braz.,  i,  p.  245, 1907 — Rio  Jurua;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  507,  1908 — 
Ilha  do  Coata,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  331,  1914 — part, 
Villa  Nova,  Coata,  Rio  Tapaj6z. 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  castelnaudii  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  167,  1884 — 
Chamicuros,  Chyavetas,  Yurimaguas  (crit.);  idem  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1885,  p.  98 — Mapoto,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ. 
Orn.,  37,  p.  303,  1889 — Shanusi,  near  Yurimaguas  (spec,  examined);  MENE- 
GAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M£m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  98,  1906 — Santa 
Maria,  Peru;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  59,  1907 — Teff6;  idem,  I.e.,  17, 
p.  324,  1910 — Calama,  Maroins,  Rio  Madeira;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
N.  H.,  36,  p.  417,  1917 — Florencia,  La  Morelia,  Caquetd,  Colombia. 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  castelnaui  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  376 — La  Gloria,  Junin. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Andes  in 
Colombia  ("Bogotd";  Caqueta  region)  through  eastern  Ecuador  to 

Negro,  have  the  small  bill  of  spirurus,  but  are  somewhat  more  rufescent  brown  be- 
neath, thus  approaching  castelnaudii.  Some  of  the  skins  from  the  upper  Orinoco 
(Munduapo,  Nericagua)  are  also  barely  distinguishable  from  the  latter. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana  40,  Surinam  2,  British  Guiana  4,  Caura 
River  4,  Upper  Orinoco  (Munduapo,  Nericagua,  Capuano)  6,  Manaos  4,  Obidos  4, 
Rio  Branco  i,  Marabi tanas  2. 

8  Glyphorhynchus  spirurus  castelnaudii  DEsMuRS  is  rather  an  unsatisfactory  race. 
Upper  Amazonian  specimens  chiefly  differ  by  their  slightly  darker,  more  olivaceous 
under  parts  and  somewhat  shorter,  stouter  bill.  There  is,  however,  much  individual 
variation,  and  a  good  many  examples  are  hardly  distinguishable  from  typical  spirurus. 
The  other  characters  alluded  to  by  Hartert  and  Goodson  do  not  hold  good. 

Material  examined. — Bogotd  3,  Rio  Napo  2,  Mapoto  i,  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  i, 
Iquitos  2,  Yurimaguas  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  4,  Chanchamayo,  Peru  i,  Rio  Purus  15, 
Maroins,  Rio  Machados  i,  Villa  Braga,  R.  Tapajoz  6,  Rio  Roosevelt  i,  Morinho 
Lyra  i,  Barao  Melgaoo,  Matto  Grosso  i. 


352  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Peru,  as  far  south  as  Dept.  Junin  (La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo,  Puerto 
Bermudez),  and  through  western  Brazil  east  to  the  left  bank  of  the 
Tapajoz,  south  to  northern  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Roosevelt,  Barao  Mel- 
gago,  Morinho  Lyra)*. 

5:    Peru  (Chanchamayo  i,  Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis  4). 

*Glyphorynchus  spirurus  cuneatus  (Lichtenstein)b.     EAST  BRAZILIAN 
WEDGE-BILL. 

Dendrocolaptes  cuneatus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the 
years  1818-19,  p.  204,  pi.  2,  fig.  2,  1820;  idem,  I.e.  for  the  years  1820-21,  p.  264, 
1822 — Prov.  Bahia;  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  I,  p.  89,  pi.  91,  fig.  3,  1824 — Para; 
LAFRESNAYE,  Mag.  Zool.,  3,  cl.  2,  pi.  17,  1833 — "Bre'sil." 

Glyphorynchus  ruficaudus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1150 — eastern 
Brazil  (locality  not  specified). 

Sittasomus  flammulatus  LESSON,  Trait£  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  315,  Sept.  1830 — 
Brazil  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined;  =juv.);  PUCHERAN,  Rev.  Mag. 
Zool.,  (2)  5,  p.  489,  1853  (crit.). 

Zenophasia  platyryncha  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  352,  1838 — Brazil. 

Clyphorhynchus  cuneatus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  593,  1850  (mon- 
og.);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  19,  1856 — descr.,  hab.  part, 
Bahia;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  574 — Para,  Capim; 
LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  385 — Para;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2,  p.  248, 
1889  (crit.  on  Wied's  types);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  124,  1890 — 
part,  spec,  h1-©1,  Para,  Bahia,  Brazil;  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  499 — Capim 
River;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  280,  1905 — Igarape"-Assu,  Para;  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  524,  1906 — part,  Para,  Capim,  Guama,  San  Antonio; 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayer.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  635,  1906 — Para; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  331,  1914 — part,  Para,  Mocajatuba, 
Providencia,  Ananindeua,  Maguary,  Sta.  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  S.  Antonio  do 
Prata,  Rio  Guama,  Rio  Capim,  Tocantins  (Cameta,  Baiao) ;  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  99,  1920 — Ilh£os — Belmonte,  Bahia. 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  cuneatus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  MSm.  Soc.  Hist. 
Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  97,  1906  (note  on  type  of  S.  flammulatus  LESSON);  HELL- 

•  Birds  from  "Bogota"  and  eastern  Ecuador  appear  to  be  inseparable  from 
Peruvian  skins.  Three  specimens  from  northern  Matto  Grosso  are  not  different 
either,  while  birds  from  the  Tapaj6z  (Villa  Braga)  and  the  Rio  Machados  (Maroins), 
by  their  paler  throat  and  stronger  bills,  form  the  transition  to  G.  spirurus  cuneatus, 
of  eastern  Brazil. 

b  Glyphorynchus  spirurus  cuneatus  (LICHTENSTEIN)  :  Differs  from  G.  s.  spirurus 
and  G.  s.  castelnaudii  by  its  considerably  larger  bill  and  by  having  the  throat  much 
paler,  buff  instead  of  cinnamon  rufous,  with  the  olive  brown  edges  much  broader 
and  extended  up  to  the  chin. 

Birds  from  the  Tapaj6z,  Pard  and  Maranhao  have  even  larger  bills  than  those 
from  Bahia,  but  agree  in  coloration. 

Material  examined. — Bahia  5,  Maranhao  i,  Para  district  10,  Santarem  4,  Colonia 
do  Mojuy,  Santarem  5,  Miritituba,  R.  Tapajoz  4. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  353 

MAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  366,  1906 — S.  Antonio  do  Prata;  idem,  Abhandl. 
math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  38,  91,  1912 — Peixe-Boi, 
Ipitinga,  Para  district;  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  2,  p.  63,  87,  1916 — Utinga, 
Para. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  eastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  north  to 
Para,  west  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapaj6zB. 

3:    Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i,  Utinga,  near  Para  2). 

Glyphorynchus    spirurus    albigularis    Chapman*.      WHITE-THROATED 
WEDGE-BILL. 

Clyphorhynchus  cuneatus  albigularis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  86,  p.  18, 
Aug.  1923 — Mission  San  Antonio,  Rio  ChimorS,  Dept.  Cochabamba,  Bolivia. 

Range :  Amazonian  slope  of  the  Andes  in  southeastern  Peru  (Sierra 
of  Carabaya,  Dept.  Puno)  and  northern  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and 
Cochabamba) . 

*Glyphorynchus  spirurus  pectoralis  Sclater  and  Salvin°.     NORTHERN 
WEDGE-BILL. 

Glyphorhynchus  pectoralis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  299,  1860 — 
Vera  Paz,  Guatemala. 

Glyphorhynchus  major  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  161,  1862 — Choctum, 
Vera  Paz,  Guatemala. 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  331 — 
Canute,  Santander;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  523— 
Remedios;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  307,  1884 — Bucaramanga;  SCLA- 
TER, Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  124,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-o,  Isabel,  Rio  de  la 
Pasion,  Choctum,  Guatemala;  Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica;  Chiriqui,  Panama; 

a  WHITE  (P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  613)  records  having  taken  a  male  of  Glyphor- 
hynchus cuneatus  at  San  Javier,  Misiones,  Argentina.  This  locality  being  so  far  away 
from  the  known  range  of  any  representative  of  this  genus,  I  am  not  inclined  to  accept 
it  without  further  evidence.  The  specimen  is  not  either  at  Tring  or  in  the  British 
Museum,  and  I  cannot  help  thinking  that  White  had  some  other  bird  before  him. 

b  Glyphorynchus  spirurus  albigularis  CHAPMAN:  Agreeing  with  G.  s.  cuneatus  in 
powerful  bill;  but  the  longitudinal  spots  on  the  chest,  and  the  throat  almost  pure 
white,  the  latter  being,  besides,  only  on  its  lower  portion  and  much  more  narrowly- 
edged  with  paler  olive  brown;  under  parts  slightly  paler  brown.  Wing  67-72;  tail 
64-69;  bill  12-13. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Yahuarmayo  i,  Chaquimayo  i.  Bolivia:  Juntas  2, 
Rio  San  Mateo  4. 

c  Glyphorynchus  spirurus  pectoralis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Nearest  to  G.  s.  castel- 
naudii,  but  throat  decidedly  paler,  ochraceous  buff  rather  than  cinnamon  rufous, 
with  the  olive  blackish  margins  much  more  evident;  the  triangular  markings  on  chest 
larger,  and  in  form  of  narrow  stripes  continued  over  the  abdomen. 

Birds  from  Costa  Rica  and  South  America  appear  to  have  the  light  markings  on 
the  chest  smaller  and  the  abdomen  less  streaked,  while  the  brown  margins  of  the 
throat  are  also  less  pronounced.  More  satisfactory  material  may  prove  them  to  be 
separable. 


354  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pallatanga;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  175,  1891 
— part,  Central  America,  Colombia,  western  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis, 
1902,  p.  62 — Santo  Domingo;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn. 
Ser.,  i,  p.  107,  1907 — Los  Amates,  Guatemala  (crit.). 

Glyphorhynchus  castelnaudi  (not  of  DESMURS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27, 
p.  141,  1859 — Pallatanga,  Ecuador. 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  castelnaudi  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1883,  p.  563 — Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  300 — Cayandeled,  Pedregal 
(crit.);  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  491,  1898 — Cachavi,  n.w.  Ecuador;  MENE- 
GAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g6ogr.  Mes.  Arc  Merid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  B  44,  1911 — Santo 
Domingo;  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1152 — Noanama,  Sipi,  w.  Col- 
ombia. 

Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  pectoralis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  275,  1911 — southeastern  Mexico  to  Panama  (monog.*);  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36,  p.  417,  1917 — Alto  Bonito,  Salaqui,  Noanama,  San 
Jose",  Gallera,  Cocal,  Barbacoas,  Buenavista  (Narifio),  w.  Andes;  Puerto  Val- 
divia,  lower  Cauca,  Colombia;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  70,  p.  262, 
1918 — Gatun,  Panama;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65, 
p.  211,  1922 — Mt.  Sapo,  Rio  Esnape,  Jesusito,  Darien. 

Range:  Central  America,  from  southeastern  Mexico  (in  State  of 
Vera  Cruz)  to  Panama;  Colombia  (western  Andes;  Cauca  and  Magda- 
lena  valleys;  Bucaramanga,  Canute,  Santander),  adjoining  portion  of 
Venezuela  (Rio  Guachi,  Prov.  Zulia),  and  western  Ecuador,  south  at 
least  to  Chimbo,  Prov.  Guayasb. 

18:  Guatemala  (Vera  Paz  9,  Los  Amates,  Izabel  i);  Costa  Rica 
(Rio  Matina  2,  Palmar  i);  Colombia  (Noanama,  Rio  San  Juan  2);  Ven- 
ezuela (Santa  Elena,  Rio  Guachi,  Zulia  i) ;  Ecuador  (San  Javier,  Prov. 
Esmeraldas  i,  Santo  Domingo  i). 

Genus  SITTASOMUS  Swainson. 

Sittasomus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  p.  355,  1827 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Dendra- 
colaptes  sylviellus  TEMMINCK. 

Sylosella  LESSON,  Traite1  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  314,  Sept.  1830 — new  name  for  Sittaso- 
mus SWAINSON. 

Sittosomus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  33,  1859 — emendation  of 
Sittasomus  SWAINSON. 

Acanthurus  (not  Acanthura  GUILDING  1827)  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Paraguay, 
p.  72,  1901 — type  Acanthurus  microrhynchus  BERTONI  = Dendrocolaples  syl- 
viellus TEMMINCK. 

•  In  Ridgway's  work  a  full  list  of  Central  American  references  is  given. 

b  Material  examined. — Guatemala  1 1 ;  Costa  Rica  4;  Bucaramanga  i,  "Bogota"  i, 
Noanama  3,  Sipi,  Colombia  2;  Rio  Guachi,  Venezuela  i;  San  Javier  i,  Pedregal  i. 
Santo  Domingo,  Ecuador  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  355 

*Sittasomus  griseicapillus  sylviellus  (Temminck).    OLIVACEOUS  WOOD- 
CREEPER. 

Dendrocolaptes  sylviellus  TEMMINCK,  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  12,  pi.  72,  fig.  i,  July  1821 
— "Bre'sil"  (we  suggest  Rio  de  Janeiro);  KITTLITZ,  Kupfertafeln  Naturg. 
Vogel,  p.  20,  pi.  24,  fig.  2,  1830 — Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Dendrocolaptes  erithacus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Berliner  Akad.  Wiss.  aus  den 
Jahren  1820-21,  p.  259,  266,  pi.  i,  fig.  2,  1822 — Prov.  S§.o  Paulo;  idem,  Verz. 
Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  47,  1823 — Sao  Paulo. 

Sittasomus  temminckii  LESSON,  Traite'  d'Orn.,  livr.  4,  p.  314,  Sept.  1830 — new 
name  for  Dendrocolaptes  sylviellus  TEMMINCK. 

Acanthurus  microrhynchus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  72,  1901 — Alto  Par- 
ana, Paraguay. 

Sittasomus  erithacus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  589,  1850 — Brazil 
(crit.);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tJbers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  20,  1856 — Sete  Lagoas, 
Minas  Geraes;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio; 
BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  146,  1885 — Taquara,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  is,  p.  119,  1890 — Rio  de  Jan- 
eiro (Brazil),  San  Javier  (Misiones);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  508,  1892 — part;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  230,  1899 — Iguape, 
Ypiranga,  S.  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo;  idem,  Annuario 
Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  129,  1899 — Mundo  Novo;  SALVADORI,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  17,  1900 — Tebicuari,  Paraguay;  OBER- 
HOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  132,  1902 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  CHUBB, 
Ibis,  1910,  p.  531 — Sapucay. 

Sittasomus  erythacusPELZELix,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  1868 — Sapitiba,  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
Ypanema,  S.  Paulo;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
P-  3?6 — Sete  Lagoas;  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
13,  p.  182,  1905 — Morro  Redondo,  Retire  dos  Ramos,  Itatiaya. 

Sittasomus  sylviellus  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun, 
19,  P-  95,  1906 — Goyaz  (crit.);  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  247, 
1907 — Ypiranga,  S.  Sebastiao,  Avanhandava,  Rio  Feio,  Ubatuba,  Sao  Paulo; 
Marianna,  Minas  Geraes;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5, 
p.  479,  497,  1912 — Vera  Guarany,  Parana. 

Sittasomus  sylviellus  sylviellus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  63,  1908 — Goyaz 
(city),  Fazenda  Esperanca,  Prov.  Goyaz  (range);  HARTERTand  VENTURI,  I.e., 
16,  p.  218,  1909 — Posadas,  Misiones  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  305,  1910 — San  Javier,  Posadas,  Misiones;  idem,  I.e., 
23,  p-  315,  1912 — Paso  Yuvay,  near  Villa  Rica,  Paraguay;  HELLMAYR,  Verb. 
Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  p.  144,  1915 — Brac.o  do  Sul,  Espirito  Santo. 

Sittasomus  griseicapillus  sylviellus  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  No.  2, 
p.  192,  1917  (range). 

Range:  Southern  Brazil,  from  southern  Goyaz  (neighborhood  of 
Goyaz  City),  Minas  Geraes  (Sao  Francisco,  Sete  Lagoes,  Marianna, 
Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem),  and  Espirito  Santo  (Victoria)  south  to  Rio 


356  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Grande  do  Sul;  adjoining  parts  of  Argentina  (Misiones)  and  southern 
Paraguay  (Alto  Parana;  Tebicuari,  Sapucay,  Paso  Yuvay,  all  near 
Villa  Rica)». 

10:  Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  2; 
"Rio"  i;  Sao  Paulo,  Ypiranga  i,  Victoria  5,  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Salto 
Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema  i). 

Sittasomus  griseicapillus   olivaceus   Wiedb.     GREEN-BACKED  WOOD- 
CREEPER. 

Sittasomus  olivaceus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1146,  1831 — "in  den 
grossen  inneren  Urwaldern"  [of  eastern  Brazil]. 

Sittasomus  erythacus  (not  of  LICHTENTSEIN)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  2, 
p.  247,  1889  (note  on  Wied's  type). 

Sittasomus  erithacus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  508,  1892 — part, 
Wied's  type. 

Sittasomus  erithacus  olivaceus  BERLEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  146,  1885 — 
Bahia  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  63,  64,  1908 — Bahia  (crit.). 

Sittasomus  griseicapillus  olivaceus  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  No.  2, 
p.  192,  1917 — Bahia. 

Range:    Eastern  Brazil  (coast  region  of  Bahia). 

*Sittasomus  griseicapillus  griseicapillus  (  Vieillot).     AZARA'S  WOOD- 
CREEPER. 

Deiidrocopus  griseicapillus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  26, 
p.  119,  1818 — based  on  Azara  No.  244,  Paraguay  (we  suggest  Concepcion  del 
Paraguay). 

Sittasomus  chapadensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14  "1891",  p.  509, 
1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  5,  p.  113, 
1893 — Chapada;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  8, 
1900 — Urucum,  Matto  Grosso;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.  Tucuman,  3. 
p.  54,  1905 — Tafi  Viejo,  Vipos,  Rio  Calera,  Prov.  Tucuman;  MENEGAUX  and 

"Thirty-eight  specimens  examined  from  Goyaz  (vicinity  of  Goyaz  City)  5, 
Minas  Geraes  (Agua  Suja  4,  Sao  Francisco  i,  Rio  das  Velhas  2)  7,  Espirito  Santo 
(Victoria)  i,  Rio  de  Janeiro  6,  Sao  Paulo  (various  localities)  15,  Parana  (Serra  do 
Mar)  i,  Santa  Catharina  (Serra  do  Mirador)  2,  Misiones  (Posadas)  i. 

b  Sittasomus  sylviellus  olivaceus  WIED:  Differs  from  S.  s.  sylviellus  by  having  the 
pileum  and  mantle  decidedly  olive  green,  and  the  under  parts  duller  as  well  as  more 
olivaceous.  Wing  (female)  7 1 ;  tail  7 1 ;  bill  1 2. 

A  single  Bahia  trade  skin  is  so  much  duller,  more  greenish  than  any  other  indi- 
vidual in  the  large  series  of  5.  g.  sylviellus  examined  that  I  have  no  hesitation  in  re- 
garding it  as  subspecifically  distinct.  Although  synonymized  with  S.  erithacus  by 
Allen  and  Ridgway,  S.  olivaceus  appears  to  be  referable  to  the  present  race.  Wied 
calls  the  coloration  of  the  upper  and  under  parts  "schmutzig  olivengrun"  and  insists 
on  the  less  yellowish  lower  surface  of  his  type  specimen  in  comparison  to  Temminck's 
plate  of  Dendrocolaptes  sylviellus.  Ridgway,  too,  noticed  the  duller  coloration  of  the 
type,  but  was  inclined  to  attribute  it  to  fading. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  357 

HELLMAYR,  Me'm.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  95,  1906 — Chiquitos  (crit); 
GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  134 — Riacho  Ancho,  Terr,  del  Chaco;  Pan  de  Azucar, 
Matto  Grosso. 

Dendrocolaptes  syhiellus  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn. 
Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  8,  cl.  2,  p.  13,  1838 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined). 

Sittasomus  olivaceus  (not  of  WIED)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  1868 — Engenho 
do  Pari,  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882, 
p.  613 — Campo  Santo,  Campo  Colorado,  Salta;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
15,  p.  119,  1890 — part,  spec,  n-r,  Chapada;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  132 — lower 
Pilcomayo  (spec,  examined). 

Sittasomus  erithacus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith. , 
i,  p.  198,  1888 — part,  Oran,  Salta;  SALVADOR:,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10, 
No.  208,  p.  12,  1895 — Colonia  Risso,  Paraguay;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  20, 
1897 — San  Lorenzo  (Jujuy),  Tala  (Salta),  San  Francisco  (Bolivian  Chaco); 
LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  192,  1902 — Tafi  Viejo,  Vipos,  Rio 
Calera,  Prov.  Tucuman. 

Sittasomus  sylviettus  chapadensis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  64,  1908 — part, 
Matto  Grosso,  eastern  Bolivia,  northern  Argentina,  and  northern  Paraguay; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  305,  1910 — Jujuy,  Salta,  Tucu-' 
man,  Chaco;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  218,  1909 — Rio  San 
Francisco  (Jujuy),  Tucuman,  Ocampo  and  Mocovi,  Prov.  Santa  F£  (spec, 
examined). 

Sittasomus  griseicapillus  griseicapillus  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13, 
No.  2,  p.  190,  192,  1917  (range,  crit.). 

Range:  Northern  Paraguay  (Concepcion,  Colonia  Risso);  south- 
western Brazil  (Matto  Grosso) ;  eastern  Bolivia  (Santa  Cruz,  Chiquitos) ; 
northern  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Jujuy,  Salta,  and  Tucumdn,  east  to 
the  Parana  (Terr,  del  Chaco,  Prov.  Santa  Fe>. 

4:  Argentina  (Rio  Paraguay  i,  Cadillal,  Prov.  Tucuman  i,  Rio 
Lavallen,  Prov.  Jujuy  2). 

*Sittasomus  griseicapillus  reiseri  Hellmayrb.   REISER'S  WOOD-CREEPER. 

Sittasomus  griseicapillus  reiseri  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  No.  2, 

p.  190,  Sept.  1917 — Pedrinha,  Lake  Parnagua,  Piauhy. 
Sittasomus  cearensis  CORY,  Auk,  38,  p.  113,  1921 — Jua,  near  Iguatu,  Ceara. 

a  Material  examined. — Concepcion,  Paraguay  i,  Rio  Pilcomayo  i,  Rio  Paraguay 
i,  Ocampo,  Santa  F£  4,  Tucuman  5,  Jujuy  5,  Chiquitos  i,  Santa  Cruz,  Bolivia  3, 
Matto  Grosso  10. 

b  Sittasomus  griseicapillus  reiseri  HELLMAYR:  Nearest  to  5.  g.  griseicapillus,  but 
smaller  with  shorter,  slenderer  bill;  anterior  crown  washed  with  cinnamon  brown; 
hindneck  and  mantle  more  brownish;  sides  of  head  and  under  parts  much  more 
brownish,  cinnamon  buff  rather  than  grayish  or  olive  buff;  flanks  decidedly  tinged 
with  cinnamomeous ;  axillars  deeper  ochraceous;  rufous  of  wings  and  tail  paler. 
Wing  (male)  70-74,  (female)  64-67;  tail  68-78;  bill  12-13.  Fifteen  specimens  (Piauhy 
6,  Maranhao  3,  Ceard  3,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  2,  Rio  Thesouras,  Goyaz  i)  examined. 

The  bird  from  Goyaz  is  somewhat  intermediate  to  S.  g.  griseicapillus. 


358  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sittasomus  erithacus  (subsp.  ?  )REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss. 
Wien,  76,  p.  68,  1910 — Parnagud,  Pedrinha,  Missao,  Tinoko  near  Buriti, 
Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Sittasomus  sylviellus  chapadensis  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15, 
p.  63,  1908 — Rio  Thesouras,  northern  Goyaz. 

Sittasomus  erithacus  chapadensis  REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss. 
Wien,  76,  p.  68,  1910 — Faz.  Taboa,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Ceara,  Maranhao,  Piauhy, 
northwestern  Bahia  (Rio  Preto),  and  northern  Goyaz  (Rio  Thesouras, 
150  kilom.  north  of  Goyaz  City). 

8:  Brazil  (Jua,  near  Iguatu,  Ceara  3;  Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto, 
Bahia  i ;  Maranhao,  Grajahu  2,  Barra  da  Corda  i ;  Ibiapaba,  Piauhy  i). 

*Sittasomus  griseicapillus  amazonus  Lqfresnaye.    AMAZONIAN  WOOD- 
CREEPER. 

Sittasomus  amazonus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  590,  1850 — Upper 
Amazon,  Peru  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  DESMURS  in  Castelnau, 
Expe"d.  Amer.  Sud,  Ois.,  p.  47,  pi.  15,  fig.  3,  1856 — Upper  Amazon;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  184 — Upper  Ucayali,  Peru;  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  1868 — Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos],  Borba,  Salto 
Theotonio,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  examined);  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  98 — Mapoto,  Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2, 
p.  163,  1884  (descr.  et  hab.,  excl.  Lechugal);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
14,  p.  509,  1892  (descr.);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.,Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
P-  375 — Garita  del  Sol,  San  Emilio,  Junin;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  p.  62,  1902 — Suapure,  Caura  R.,  Venezuela;  MENEGAUX  and  HELL- 
MAYR, Mein.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  96,  1906 — Upper  Amazon  (type), 
Yungas,  Bolivia  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  31,  1907 — Obidos; 
idem,  I.e.,  p.  59 — Teffe,  Rio  Solimoes;  SXETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  14, 
1908 — Monte  Verde,  Ponto  Alegre,  Rio  Purus;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  508 — Villa  Braga, 
R.  Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  530 — Arumatheua,  R.  Tocantins;  idem,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  333,  1914 — Rio  Tocantins;  Boim,  Villa  Braga,  Tapaj6z;  Rio 
Purvis;  Faro,  Rio  Jamunda;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  118,  1921 — part, 
Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana. 

Sittasomus  olivaceus  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873, 
p.  270 — Upper  Ucayali;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  529 — Monterico,  Amable 
Maria,  Ropaybamba,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  27 — Yurimaguas;  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  421 — Camacusa,  Merume1  Mts.,  Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  SCLA- 
TER, Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  119,  1890 — part,  spec.  d1-k1,  Roraima,  Merum6 
Mts.,  Upper  Ucayali. 

Sittasomus  sylviettus  amazonus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  323,  1910 — Borba, 
Salto  Theotonio,  Rio  Madeira. 

Sittasomus  griseicapillus  amazonus  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  No.  2, 
D.  192,  1917  (range). 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  359 

Range :  Amazonian  subregion,  from  British  Guiana  and  the  Tocan- 
tins  west  to  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Andes  in  Ecuador8  and  Peru,  south 
to  the  boundary  line  of  Matto  Grosso  and  the  sources  of  the  Beni  River 
in  northern  Boliviab. 

3:    Brazil  (Serra  Grande,  Rio  Branco  i);  Peru  (Huachipa  2). 

Sittasomus   griseicapillus   aequatorialis    Ridgway.     PACIFIC   WOOD- 
CREEPER. 

Sittasomus  aequatorialis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  "1891",  p.  509, 
1892 — Guayaquil,  Ecuador. 

Sittasomus  erithacus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  278 
— Babahoyo;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  293 — Esmeraldas,  Ecuador. 

Sittasomus  olivaceus  (not  of  WIED)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  323 — 
Lechugal,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  332 — Palmal,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  119,  1890 — part,  spec,  t-v,  Esmeraldas,  Balzar,  Ecuador. 

Sittasomus  amazonus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  562 — Chimbo;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  163, 
1884 — part,  Lechugal. 

Range:  Western  Ecuador  (from  Esmeraldas  south)  and  adjacent 
section  of  Province  of  Tumbez,  northwestern  Peru. 

Sittasomus  griseicapillus  griseus  Jardine*.   CARIBBEAN  WOOD-CREEPER. 

Sittasomus  griseus  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  19,  p.  82,  1847 — Tobago; 
RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  "1891",  p.  510,  1892 — Tobago  (crit.). 

Sittasomus  phelpsi  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  14,  p.  369,  1897 — Caripe",  Bermudez,  Ven- 
ezuela (type  examined);  ROBINSON  and  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
24,  p.  174,  1901 — San  Julian,  Venezuela. 

Sittasomus  griseus  virescens  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5, 
p.  1 06,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo,  Venezuela. 

Sittasomus  olivaceus  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868, 

•  It  probably  ranges  even  into  Colombia,  for  two  '*Bogota"  skins  appear  to  belong 
to  this  race  although  they  slightly  differ  by  darker,  more  grayish  coloration,  which, 
however,  may  be  due  to  fading. 

b  The  few  specimens  examined  from  British  Guiana,  Venezuela  (Caura),  and 
north  of  the  Amazons  (Rio  Branco,  Obidos,  Manaos)  agree  with  the  average  Peru- 
vian bird,  while  two  from  the  upper  Rio  Madeira  (Salto  Theotonio),  by  their  paler, 
more  olivaceous  coloring,  form  the  transition  to  S.  g.  griseicapillus. 

Twenty-five  specimens  examined. 

0  Sittasomus  griseicapillus  aequatorialis  RIDGWAY:  Not  unlike  5.  g.  griseicapillus 
in  general  coloration,  but  more  fulvous  brown  above  and  easily  recognizable  by  the 
much  paler,  clear  tawny  of  wings  and  tail.  Five  specimens  examined. 

d  Though  recognizable  by  its  more  greenish  olive  general  coloration,  S.  g.  griseus 
is  evidently  conspecific  with  S,  g.  amazonus,  since  certain  specimens  of  the  latter  closely 
approach  it  in  the  very  pale  hue  of  the  wing  band. 


360  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

p.  627 — San  Esteban;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  119,  1890 — part, 
spec,  w-c1,  Venezuela,  Tobago. 

Sittasomus  griseus  phelpsi  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M&n.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  97,  1906 — Caracas,  Merida  (crit.). 

Range:  Island  of  Tobago;  north  coast  of  Venezuela,  from  Ber- 
mudez  west  to  Lara  and  Me"ridas. 

*Sittasomus  griseicapillus  levis  Bangs*.    PANAMA  WOOD-CREEPER. 

Sittasomus  levis  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  46,  1902 — Boquete,  Chiri- 
qui,  western  Panama. 

Sittasomus  olivaceus  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1879, 
p.  523 — Remedies,  Antioquia;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1879,  p.  202 — 
Manaure,  Santa  Marta  district;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  119, 
1890 — part,  spec,  l-o,  r,  s,  Calovevora,  Chitra,  Chiriqui,  Remedies,  Man- 
aure; SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  176,  1891 — part, 
Chiriqui,  Chitra,  Calovevora,  Panama. 

Sittasomus  sylvioides  levis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  282, 
1911 — Panama  (monog.);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
p.  276,  1922 — Jaraquiel,  Bolivar,  Colombia;  Manaure,  Santa  Marta  region; 
HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  319,  1924 — Rio  San  Juan  Diaz,  Panama. 

Range :  Panama  (Boquete,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui ;  Calovevora,  Chitra , 
Cascajal,  Code",  Veragua);  northern  Colombia  (Remedies,  Antioquia; 
Jaraquiel,  Bolivar;  Manaure,  Santa  Marta  district). 

6:     Panama  (Boquete  5,  Chiriqui  i). 

*Sittasomus  griseicapillus  sylvioides   Lafresnaye.     MEXICAN  WOOD- 
CREEPER. 

Sittasomus  sylvioides  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  2,  p.  590,  1850 — Mexico; 
RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  509,  1892 — Costa  Rica  to  southern 
Mexico  (crit.);  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  108, 
1907 — Los  Amates  and  Patulul,  Guatemala;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
6,  p.  651,  1910 — Costa  Rica. 

Sittasomus  pectinicaudus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  33,  1859 — new 
name  for  Sittasomus  sylvioides  LAFRESNAYE. 

Sittasomus  olivaceus  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  119,  1890 

8  Comparison  of  a  large  amount  of  material  (Tobago  7,  Bermudez  7,  Caracas 
region  10,  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  20,  Hacha,  Bolivar  R.  R.,  Lara  i)  fails  to 
disclose  any  constant  difference  between  Tobago  and  mainland  examples  although 
no  representative  has  been  found  on  the  intervening  island  of  Trinidad.  The 
case  will  be  more  fully  explained  elsewhere. 

b  Sittasomus  griseicapillus  levis  BANGS:  Very  similar  to  S.  g.  amazonus,  but  bill 
much  smaller,  upper  back  decidedly  russet  brown,  and  under  parts  slightly  more 
olivaceous;  similar  also  to  S.  g.  sylvioides,  but  somewhat  larger,  and  cinnamon  rufous 
of  rump  and  tail  lighter.  Wing  (males)  78-84;  tail  78-85. 

A  single  bird  from  Remedios  appears  to  be  identical  with  a  series  from  Panama, 
while  one  from  Maiaure,  by  rather  greener  lower  parts  and  paler  wing  band  forms 
the  transition  to  griseus. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  361 

— part,  spec,  a-k,  Jalapa,  Mexico;  Yucatan;  Savanah  Grande,  Choctum,  Guat- 
emala; Tempate,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ., 
Aves,  2,  p.  176,  1891 — part,  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica. 

Sittasomus  sylvioides  sylvioides  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  280, 
1911 — southeastern  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica  (monog.);  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  375, 
1913 — Xcopen,  Terr.  Quintana  Roo. 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca, 
Tabasco,  Campeche,  and  Yucatan),  south  through  Guatemala,  British 
Honduras,  and  Nicaragua  to  Costa  Ricaa. 

7:  Guatemala  (Los  Amates  2,  Patulul,  Solola  4);  Mexico  (Izalam, 
Yucatan  i). 

Sittasomus  griseicapillus  jaliscensis  Nelsonb.    JALISCO  WOOD-CREEPER. 

Sittasomus  sylvioides  jaliscensis  NELSON,  Auk,  17,  p.  264,  1900 — San  Sebastian, 
Jalisco;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  283,  1911 — Jalisco. 

Sittasomus  sylvioides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  NELSON,  Auk,  15,  p.  156,  1898 — 
San  Sebastian,  Jalisco. 

Range:    Southwestern  Mexico  (in  State  of  Jalisco). 

Genus  DECONYCHURA  Cherrie0. 

Deconychura  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  338,  1891 — type  Deconychura 
typica  CHERRIE. 

Dendrocinclopa  CHUBBd,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  40,  p.  107,  1920 — type  Dendrocincla 
longicauda  guianensis  CHUBB. 

*Deconychura  typica  typica  Cherrie.    CHERRIE'S  DECONYCHURA. 

Deconychura  typica  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  339,  1891 — Pozo  Azul 
de  Pirris,  s.w.  Costa  Rica;  idem,  Expl.  Zool.  Merid.  Costa  Rica,  p.  39,  1893 — 
Palmdr,  s.w.  Costa  Rica;  idem,  Anal.  Inst.  Fis.-Geog.  Costa  Rica,  6,  p.  17, 
1893 — Pozo  del  Pital,  s.w.  Costa  Rica  (descr.  nest  and  eggs);  BANGS,  Auk, 
18,  p.  367,  1901 — Divala,  Chiriqui;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  368,  1914 — 
Chiriqui,  Costa  Rica  (diag.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  652, 

"  The  Yucatan  bird  is  decidedly  paler,  especially  below  than  those  from  Guate- 
mala. Specimens  from  Costa  Rica  (which  we  have  not  seen)  are  said  to  be  inter- 
mediate between  sylvioides  and  levis. 

b  Unknown  to  the  author. 

c  Deconychura  may  be  distinguished  from  Dendrocincla  by  its  proportionately 
longer  tail  which  is  equal  to,  or  even  slightly  longer  than  the  wing;  flatter  and  slen- 
derer, terminally  more  compressed  bill  with  distinctly  ridged  culmen;  much  more 
strongly  graduated  tail  with  the  protruding  denuded  tips  of  the  rectrices  conspicu- 
ously decurved.  The  last  named  character  is  less  developed  in  the  three  Amazonian 
species. 

d  Described  under  the  erroneous  assumption  that  Deconychura  possesses  only 
ten  rectrices.  I  have,  however,  shown  long  ago  (see  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  14,  p.  52, 
1904)  and  it  is  now  an  established  fact  that  there  are  twelve  tail  feathers  in  D.  typica. 


362  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1910 — Pozo  Pital,  Pozo  Azul  de  Pirns,  El  General  de  Terraba,  El  Pozo  de 
Terraba,  s.w.  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  285, 
1911 — s.w.  Costa  Rica  and  Panama  (monog.). 

Range :  Southwestern  Costa  Rica  (from  Pozo  Azul  southward)  and 
western  Panama  (Divala  and  Bogavaa,  Chiriqui;  Aspinwall). 

i:    Costa  Rica  (Palmar  i). 
Deconychura  typica  minor  Toddb.    TODD'S  DECONYCHURA. 

Deconychura  typica  minor  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  116,  1919 — El 

Tambor,  Santander,  Colombia  (type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined). 

Range:  Eastern  Colombia  (El  Tambor,  Rio  Lebrija,  Prov.  San- 
tander). 

Deconychura  secunda  Hellmayr0.    ECUADORIAN  DECONYCHURA. 

Deconychura  secunda  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  14,  p.  51,  1904 — Coca, 
upper  Rio  Napo,  Ecuador;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  368,  1907 — Coca  (diag. ). 

Dendrocincla  spec.  inc.  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902,  p.  62 — Coca. 
Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Coca,  upper  Rio  Napo). 

*Deconychura  stictolaema  (Pelzelri)*.     SPOTTED-THROATED   DECONY- 
CHURA. 

Sittasomus  stictolaemus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  59,  1868 — Borba,  Rio 
Madeira  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1873,  p.  270 — Chamicuros,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  164, 
1884 — Chamicuros;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  120,  1890 — Amazonia. 

Deconychura  stictolaemus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  368,  1907 — Borba  (diag.). 

Deconychura  stictolaema  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  333,  1910 — Borba;  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  343,  1914 — Rio  Madeira. 

8  An  adult  male  secured,  on  November  5,  1903,  by  H.  Watson  at  an  elevation  of 
800  ft.,  in  the  Tring  Museum. 

b  Deconychura  typica  minor  TODD:  Similar  to  D.  t.  typica,  but  somewhat  smaller; 
upper  parts  more  olivaceous,  less  tinged  with  rufescent;  buffy  markings  below  paler 
and  more  restricted  to  chest.  Wing  92;  tail  89;  bill  22.  Two  specimens  from  the 
type  locality  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  examined. 

0  Deconychura  secunda  HELLMAYR  :  Easily  distinguished  from  Z?.  typica  by  much 
smaller  size,  shorter  and  slenderer  bill,  and  by  having  the  rump  chestnut  rufous 
like  the  upper  tail-coverts.  Besides,  the  bend  of  the  wing  is  olivaceous  brown  like 
the  back,  instead  of  light  chestnut;  the  buff  streaking  above  restricted  to  the  crown; 
the  throat,  uniform  buff  in  D.  typica,  is  marked  with  small,  brown  edged  spots,  while 
foreneck  and  chest,  heavily  spotted  with  buff  in  its  ally,  show  hardly  a  few  obsolete 
streaks.  Wing  (adult  female,  the  type)  84.5;  tail  90;  bill  20. 

d  Deconychura  stictolaema  (PELZELN)  :  Similar  to  D.  secunda  in  olivaceous  brown 
bend  of  wing  and  chestnut  rufous  rump,  but  very  much  smaller  with  considerably 
shorter  bill;  back  more  rufescent  brown;  under  parts  darker,  less  olivaceous;  foreneck 
more  spotted  with  buff.  Wing  (two  females)  75,  76;  tail  72,  79;  bill  16,  17. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  363 

Range:    Northern  Brazil  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira)  and  eastern  Peru 
(Chamicuros,  Dept.  Loreto;  Puerto  Bermudez,  Dept.  Junin). 
i :     Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez  i). 

*Deconychura  longicauda  (Pelzeln).    LONG-TAILED  DECONYCHURA. 

Dendrocincla  longicauda  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  60,  1868 — Borba,  Rio 
Madeira;  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro;  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos]  (spec,  in 
Vienna  Museum  examined)8;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868, 
p.  64 — Amazonia;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  421 — Bartica  Grove  and  Merume" 
Mt-s.,  British  Guiana;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  496,  Jan.  1888 
(ex  PELZELN);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  165,  1890 — Barra  do  Rio 
Negro;  Ega,  Rio  Solimoes;  Surinam;  Merume"  Mts.  and  Bartica  Grove,  Brit. 
Guiana;  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  451,  1904  (ex  PEL- 
ZELN). 

Dendrocincla  longicauda  guianensis  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  61,  1919 — 
Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana  (type  examined). 

Deconychura  longicauda  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  367,  1907 — Borba;  idem, 
I.e.,  p.  368,  1907  (diag.,  range);  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  334,  1910 — Calama,  Rio 
Madeira;  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  41, 
92,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Pard;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  34,  1914 — 
Providencia  (Para),  Rio  Iriri  (Bocca  do  Curua);  BEEBE,  Trop.  Wild  Life,  I, 
p.  133,  1917 — Bartica  Grove. 

Dendrocinclopa  longicauda  guianensis  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  120,  1921 
— Bartica  Grove,  Merume"  Mts. 

Range:  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil  (Providencia 
and^Peixe-Boi,  near  Para;  Manaos,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro;  Ega,  Rio 
Solimoes;  Rio  Iriri;  Borba  and  Calama,  Rio  Madeira);  eastern  Peru 
(Puerto  Bermudez,  Dept.  Junin);  northern  Bolivia  (Rio  San  Mateo). 

i :     Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez  i). 

Genus  DENDROCINCLA  Gray. 

Dryocopus  (not  of  BOIE  1826)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  mi,  1831 — 
type  Dendrocolaptes  turdinus  LICHTENSTEIN. 

"  Although  in  another  paper  (Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  334)  I  had  indicated  a  male  from 
Borba  as  type  of  the  species,  careful  reexaminatipn  of  the  original  series  in  the  Vienna 
Museum  clearly  disproves  the  correctness  of  this  statement.  Among  the  five  speci- 
mens (one  of  which  passed  into  the  British  Museum)  there  is  only  one,  a  female  from 
Manaos,  May  4,  1833,  Vienna  Museum,  No.  15905,  with  the  buff  shaft  spots  ex- 
tending over  the  breast,  as  described  by  Pelzeln  (".  .  .  plumis  pectoris  et  abdominis 
superioris  scapo  et  macula  centrali  ochraceis"),  and  this  example  must,  of  course, 
be  accepted  as  the  actual  type.  Manaos  becomes,  therefore,  the  type  locality. 

Two  birds  from  British  Guiana  (guianensis  CHUBB)  are  absolutely  indistinguish- 
able from  three  taken  at  Manaos.  Specimens  from  south  of  the  Amazon  average 
slightly  more  rufescent,  but  there  is  much  individual  variation  in  this  respect. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:  Bartica  Grove,  Merum<§  Mts.  i.  Brazil: 
Manaos  3,  Marabitanas  i,  Peixe-Boi,  Para  2,  Borba  2,  Calama  i .  Peru:  Puerto  Ber- 
mudez i .  Bolivia:  Rio  San  Mateo  i. 


364  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrocincla  GRAY,  List  Genera  Birds,  p.  18,  1840 — type  Dendrocolaptes  tur- 
dinus  LICHTENSTEIN. 

Dendromanes  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  382,  1859 — type  by  subs,  desig. 

(SCLATER,  1890)  Dendrocincla  anabatina  SCLATER. 
Dendrocichla  SHARPE,  Hand-List  Gen.  &  Spec.  Birds,  3,  p.  74,  1901 — emendation 

of  Dendrocincla  GRAY. 

Dendrocincla   turdina   turdina    (Lichtenstein}*.     THRUSH-LIKE    DEN- 
DROCINCLA. 

Dendrocolaptes  turdinus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Berlin  for  the  years 
1818-19,  p.  204,  pi.  2,  fig.  i,  1820;  idem,  I.e.,  for  the  years  1820-21,  p.  264, 
1822 — Prov.  Bahia. 

Dryocopus  turdinus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1112,  1831 — part,  Rio 
Catol6,  Bahia. 

Dendrocops  turdinus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  465,  1851 — Bahia 
(monog.). 

Dendrocincla  turdinea  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  8,  1856 — part, 
Bahia. 

Dendrocincla  turdina  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  492,  1888 — Bahia; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  167,  1890 — part,  spec,  b-d,  Bahia  (exam- 
ined); OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  454,  1904 — Bahia 
(diag.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  337,  1906 — part,  Bahia;  IHERING, 
Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  246,  1907 — part,  Bahia;  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2), 
p.  99,  1920 — Ilhebs — Belmonte,  Bahia. 

Dendrocincla  turdina  turdina  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  66,  1908 — Bahia 
(crit.). 

Range:    Eastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Bahia. 

*Dendrocincla    turdina    enalincia    Oberholserb.     SOUTHERN    THRUSH- 
LIKE  DENDROCINCLA. 
Dendrocincla  enalincia  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  454,  June 

a  Dendrocincla  turdina  turdina  (LICHTENSTEIN)  is  ochraceous  or  tawny  brown 
above,  brightest  on  the  rump;  the  crown  distinctly  though  narrowly  streaked  with 
buff;  under  parts  strongly  suffused  with  ochraceous,  throat  hardly  paler  than  the 
chest,  a  few  indistinct  buff  shaft  lines  on  the  foreneck.  Wing  95-113;  tail  83- 
95;  bill  24-26. 

Material  examined. — Eleven  (unsexed)  trade  skins  from  Bahia. 

b  Dendrocincla  turdina  enalincia  OBERHOLSER:  Differs  from  D.  t.  turdina  by 
much  more  olivaceous  coloration,  the  upper  parts  being  rufescent  olive  brown  rather 
than  tawny  brown,  the  throat  decidedly  paler  than  breast  and  abdomen  which 
lack  the  ochraceous  tinge  (so  conspicuous  in  typical  turdina)  while  the  foreneck  is 
more  distinctly  streaked  with  buff.  Wing  ico-iii;  tail  88-99;  bill  24-26. 

While  specimens  from  Sao  Paulo  are  easily  distinguished  by  the  above  charac- 
ters, some  of  those  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  one  from  Goyaz  form  the  transition  to 
the  typical  race,  being,  however,  nearer  to  enalincia. 

Material  examined. — Goyaz,  Fazenda  Esperanca  i;  Espirito  Santo,  Braco  do 
Sul,  near  Victoria  i ;  Rio  de  Janeiro  5;  Sao  Paulo,  Sao  Sebastiao  5,  Victoria  2;  Santa 
Catharina,  Blumenau  i,  Serra  do  Mirador4i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  365 

1904 — Bauni,  Rio  Feio,  State  of  Sao  Paulo;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i, 
p.  334,  1914 — Paraguay  (ex  BERTONI). 

Dryocopus  turdinus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  1112,  1831 — part,  Rio 
Itabapuana,  separating  the  prov.  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Espirito  Santo. 

Dendrocincla  turdinea  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  3,  p.  8,  1856 — part, 
Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Dendrocincla  turdina  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  1868 
— Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Registre  do  Sai,  Rio;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87, 
1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  167,  1890 — part, 
Rio  de  Janeiro;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 
— Porto  Real,  Rio  (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  233, 
1898 — Iguape,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  157,  1900 — Cantagallo;  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  337,  1906 — part,  range  excl.  Bahia;  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz., 
i,  p.  246,  1907 — part,  Iguap<S,  Ubatuba,  Bauni,  Rio  Feio,  Itapura,  Est.  Sao 
Paulo;  Espirito  Santo. 

Dendrocichla  turdina  BERTONI,  Anal.  Cient.  Parag.,  i,  No.  3,  p.  4,  1904 — Puerto 
Bertoni,  Alto  Parana. 

Dendrocincla  turdina  enalincia  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  66,  1908 — Faz. 
Esperanca,  Goyaz  (crit.);  idem,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  No.  2,  p.  145, 
1915 — Brago  do  Sul,  Espirito  Santo  (exit.). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Goyaz  (Faz.  Esper- 
anga,  near  Goyaz  city),  Espirito  Santo,  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  south  to 
Santa  Catharina  and  adjacent  parts  of  Paraguay  and  Misiones  (Puerto 
Bertoni,  Iguazu). 

3:    Brazil,  Sao  Paulo  (Sao  Sebastiao  i,  Victoria  2). 

Dendrocincla  atrirostris  (Lafresnaye  and  UOrblgny)*-     D'ORBIGNY'S 
DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocolaptes  atrirostris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  2,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
8,  cl.  2,  p.  12,  1838 — Guarayos,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined; 
=juv.);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  369,  pi.  54,  fig.  i,  1847 — 
Guarayos. 

Dendrocincla  minor  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,60,  1868 — Sao  Vicente,  Mat- 
to  Grosso  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined;  =juv.). 

Dendrocops  atrirostris  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  466,  1851 — part, 
Guarayos,  Bolivia. 

»  Dendrocincla  atrirostris  (LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  :  Closely  allied  to,  and 
agreeing  with  D.  turdina  enalincia  in  general  coloration  and  streaked  pileum,  but 
exposed  portion  of  wings  bright  chestnut  like  tail,  thus  very  different  from  color 
of  back,  and  with  a  well  pronounced  ochraceous  buff  postocular  stripe;  size  on  aver- 
age smaller.  Wing  95-99;  tail  80-90;  bill  24-28. 

This  little  known  species  very  likely  is  merely  a  western  race  of  D.  turdina. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Matto  Grosso:  Sao  Vicente  i  9  ad.,  i  9  juv. 
Bolivia:  Guarayos  i  (unsexed)  juv.;  San  Mateo  i  c?  juv.,  i  9  ad. 


366  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrocinda  fumigata  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42, 
1868 — part,  Sao  Vicente,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrocincla  atrirostris  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  490,  493,  1888 — 
Bolivia  (diag.);  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  56,  p.  451,  1904 — 
Bolivia  (diag.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  336,  1906 — Guarayos,  San 
Mateo,  Bolivia,  and  Sao  Vicente,  Matto  Grosso  (crit.) ;  MENEGAUxand  HELL- 
MAYR, M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  120,  1906 — Guarayos  (note  on 
type). 

Range :  Eastern  Bolivia  (Guarayos  and  Rio  San  Mateo)  and  west- 
ern Matto  Grosso  (Sao  Vicente,  south  of  the  Rio  Galera) . 

*Dendrocincla    meruloides    meruloides    (Lafresnaye) .      OCHREOUS- 
BELLIED  DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocops  meruloides  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  467,  1851 — "Cdte 
ferme"=  vicinity  of  Cumana,  Bermudez,  n.e.  Venezuela  (types  in  Paris 
Museum  examined). 

Dendrocincla  merulina  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  34,  1859 — Caracas 
(new  name  for  Dendrocops  meruloides  LAFRESNAYE). 

Dendrocincla  meruloides  aphanta  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  56, 
p.  460,  1904 — Tobago. 

Dendrocincla  turdina  ?  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist., 
19,  p.  81,  1847 — Tobago. 

Dendrocincla  meruloides  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  54 — 
Venezuela;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  167 — El  Pilar,  near  Carupano,  Bermudez;  RIDGWAY, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  490,  495,  1888 — Tobago,  Trinidad,  and  "Demer- 
ara,  Brit.  Guiana";  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  168,  1890 — part, 
spec,  a-f,  Venezuela  and  Tobago;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  6,  p.  48, 
1894 — Trinidad;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  29,  1906 — Caparo  and  Pointe 
Gourde,  Trinidad;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  338,  1906  (char.,  range);  MENEGAUX  and 
HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  121,  1906 — "Cumana" 
(types),  Caracas,  Trinidad  (crit.);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i, 
p.  192,  1906 — Aripo,  Trinidad;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  365,  1908 — Carenage  and  Aripo, 
Trinidad. 

Dendrocincla  meruloides  meruloides  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  56, 
p.  459,  1904 — "British  Guiana"  (diag.);  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S,  Lond.,  1911, 
p.  1155  (range,  syn.);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5, 
p.  115,  1912 — Hills  back  of  San  Esteban,  Las  Quiguas,  lower  slopes  of  Cumbre 
de  Valencia,  State  Carabobo  (crit.). 

Dendrocincla  meruloides  phaeochroa  (not  of  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT)  STONE, 
Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  65,  p.  203,  1913 — Cariaquito,  Paria  Peninsula. 

Range:  Caribbean  coast  region  of  Venezuela  (from  south  shore  of 
Lake  Maracaibo,  in  State  of  Zulia  east  to  Paria  Peninsula,  State  of 
Bermudez),  and  the  islands  of  Trinidad  and  Tobago". 

•  The  marked  types  in  the  Paris  Museum,  obtained  by  Beauperthuy  agree  minute- 
ly with  three  specimens  from  the  Cerro  de  Cumanacpa,  inland  of  Cumana,  Bermudez, 
and  a  series  of  twenty  from  various  localities  in  Trinidad.  Skins  from  northwestern 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  367 

4:  Venezuela  (Orope,  Zulia  2,  Macuto,  Caracas  i);  Trinidad  (Port 
of  Spain  i). 

*Dendrocincla  meruloides  lafresnayei  Ridgway*.    LAFRESNAYE'S  DEN- 

DROCINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  lafresnayei  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  489,  492,  Jan. 
1888 — "Upper  Amazon?",  errore,  Santa  Marta  region  suggested  by  Chap- 
man, 1917  (type  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  examined1*). 

Dendrocincla  olivacea  anguina  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  138,  1898 — 
Santa  Marta  (type  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  13,  p.  100,  1899 — Palomina  and 
Chirua. 

Dendromanes  meruloides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1879, 
p.  202 — Manaure,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Dendrocincla  olivacea  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  166, 
1890 — part,  spec,  h,  i,  Manaure  and  Bogotd;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
P-  338,  1906 — part,  Bogota  and  Cauca  Valley. 

Dendrocincla  olivacea  lafresnayei  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  13,  p.  156, 
1900 — Minca,  Onaca,  Las  Nubes,  Valparaiso  (crit.);  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac. 
N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  457,  1904 — part,  Colombia. 

Venezuela  (San  Esteban  and  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo;  Orope,  Zulia)  differ 
slightly  by  brighter  ochraceous  abdomen  and  more  tawny,  less  brownish  upper  parts. 
The  divergency  is,  however,  rather  insignificant  and  not  quite  constant.  Moreover, 
of  two  specimens  from  the  Caracas  region,  one  (Field  Museum,  No.  34023.  Female, 
Macuto,  Jan.  26,  1908)  is  essentially  like  the  Carabobo  birds,  while  the  other 
(Munich  Museum,  No.  15.1681.  Female,  Loma  Redonda,  alt.  4,000  ft.,  Dec.  24, 
1913)  is  very  much  paler  and  less  rufescent  throughout,  agreeing  with  three  skins 
from  Tobago. 

Material  examined. — Tobago  (Man  o'  War  Bay)  5.  Trinidad:  Caparo  n,  Aripo 
6,  Icacos  i,  Port  of  Spain  i.  Venezuela:  Bermudez,  Los  Palmales  2,  Montanas  del 
Guacharo  i,  El  Pilar  i,  "Cumana"  2;  Caracas.  Macuto  i,  Loma  Redonda  i;  Cara- 
bobo, Cumbre  de  Valencia  8,  Las  Quiguas  i,  San  Esteban  2;  Zulia,  Orope  2. 

a  Dendrocincla  meruloides  lafresnayei  RIDGWAY  :  Closely  related  to  D.  m.  meru- 
loides, but  coloration  less  tawny,  more  olivaceous,  particularly  on  the  abdomen; 
throat  more  grayish,  less  buffy  brown;  upper  wing-coverts  less  rufescent;  inner  secon- 
daries slightly  tinged  with  olive;  a  few  buff  or  ochraceous  streaks  in  postocular  (or 
supra-auricular)  region.  Wing  (male)  104-108,  (female)  100-106;  tail  82-91;  bill 
23-26. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Santa  Marta  i,  La  Conception  i,  Chirua  i, 
Palomina  i,  Minca  i,  Pueblo  Viejo  i,  Cincinnati  4,  Las  Vegas  i,  Don  Diego  i,  Bogotd. 
2.  Venezuela:  Colon,  Tachira  i. 

The  single  specimen  from  Tachira  approaches  D.  m.  meruloides  in  castaneous  col- 
oration of  secondaries,  though  otherwise  it  is  exactly  like  Santa  Marta  examples. 

b  The  type  kindly  loaned  by  Mr.  O.  Bangs  is  smaller,  with  a  shorter,  weaker  bill 
(wing  96;  tail  82;  bill  22)  than  any  other  specimen  examined.  As  far  as  general  col- 
oration is  concerned,  it  might  be  referred,  with  equal  justification,  to  either  anguina 
or  phaeochroa.  In  its  very  rusty  tinge,  particularly  below  it  closely  resembles  the  type 
of  D.  o.  anguina  and  a  male  from  La  Concepcion  (No.  6464,  Bangs  Collection),  but 
is  also  matched  by  an  adult  female  of  phaeochroa  from  Rio  Mocho,  Caura  (No.  3245 1 , 
Carnegie  Museum).  The  decidedly  grayish  throat  and  the  faint  olivaceous  hue  on 
the  inner  secondaries,  however,  speak  for  its  pertinence  to  anguina  rather  than 
phaeochroa. 


368  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Dendrocincla  meruloides  lafresnayei  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1156 — 
part,  Manaure  and  Bogota. 

Dendrocincla  lafresnayei  lafresnayei  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36, 
p.  318,  1917 — part,  Rio  Frio  and  Puerto  Valdivia,  Cauca  and  Honda,  Magda- 
lena  River;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  275,  1922 — 
Tucurinca,  Don  Diego,  Valparaiso,  Cincinnati,  Las  Taguas,  La  Tigrera,  Las 
Vegas,  Minca,  Mamatoco,  Pueblo  Viejo  and  Fundaci6n,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  northern  and  eastern  Colombia  (Santa 
Marta  range,  Cauca  and  Magdalena  valleys),  and  adjacent  parts  of 
western  Venezuela  (San  Juan  de  Colon,  Tachira). 

i:    Venezuela  (San  Juan  de  Colon,  Tachira  i). 

*Dendrocincla  meruloides  phaeochroa  Berlepsch  and  Hartert*.    ORIN- 
OCAN  DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocinda  (sic)  phaeochroa  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  67, 
1902 — Munduapo  (type),  Maipures,  and  Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco;  Suapureand 
Nicare,  Rio  Caura,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul., 
6,  p.  437,  1905 — Rio  Jurua  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  I,  p.  247, 
1907 — Rio  Jurua;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  338,  1906  (diag.,  range); 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  15,  1908 — Cachoeira,  Rio  Purus;  idem,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  343,  1914 — Cachoeira,  Rio  Punis. 

Dendrocolaptes  atrirostris  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  26,  p.  63,  1858 — Rio  Napo,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrocincla  fumigata  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42, 
1868 — part,  Rio  Branco  (spec,  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1882,  p.  27 — Huambo,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  168,  1884 — Huambo. 

Dendrocincla  olivacea  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  1 66,  1890 — part,  spec.  1,  m,  n,  q,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  Ecuador;  Iquitos, 
Peru  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrocincla  meruloides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  168,  1890 — part,  spec,  g,  Bogotd. 

Dendrocincla  olivacea  phaeochroa  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56, 
p.  458,  1904 — Suapure,  La  Union,  Caura  R.  (diag.). 

1  Dendrocincla  meruloides  phaeochroa  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT:  Closely  similar 
to  D.  m.  lafresnayei,  but  wings  and  tail  deeper  castaneous;  inner  secondaries 
without  any  olivaceous  wash;  throat  generally  more  buffy,  less  suffused  with  gray- 
ish. In  coloration  of  wings  it  more  nearly  agrees  with  D.  m.  meruloides,  but  is  less 
tawny  both  above  and  below,  the  dimensions  are  smaller,  and  there  is  always  a  sug- 
gestion of  a  buff  supra  auricular  streak.  Wing  (male)  105-113,  (female)  98-105; 
tail  82-95,  once  even  98;  bill  25-27,  once  29. 

Birds  from  Brazil  (Rio  Branco,  Rio  Purus)  and  Peru,  although  slightly  paler, 
appear  to  be  inseparable  from  the  Venezuelan  ones.  "Bogota"  skins  have  the  throat 
of  a  deeper,  tawny  buff,  and  the  abdomen  of  a  richer  rusty  color. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  R.  Orinoco:  Munduapo  7,  Maipures  2,  Neri- 
cagua 2 ;  Caura  district,  Suapure  2,  La  Pricion  2,  Maripa  i,  La  Lajita  5,  Rio  Mocho  4, 
El  Llagual  2.  Colombia:  "Bogota"  5.  Brazil:  Rio  Branco  2,  Rio  Jurua  i,  Rio  Purus 
5.  Ecuador:  Rio  Napo  i,  Sarayacu  2.  Peru:  Iquitos  i,  Rio  Tigre  i. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  369 

Dendrocincla  meruloides  phaeochroa  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1156 
(range,  synon.);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  270,  1916 — 
Orinoco  region. 

Dendrocincla  lafresnayei  phaeochroa  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36, 
p.  419,  1917 — Villavicencio,  Colombia. 

Range:  Amazonian  region,  from  southern  Venezuela  (Orinoco- 
Caura  basin)  and  northern  Brazil  (Rio  Branco,  Rio  Jurua,  and  Rio 
Purus)  west  to  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  (Villavi- 
cencio; "Bogota"  collections),  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu),  and 
northern  Peru  (Iquitos,  Huambo). 

2:    Brazil  (Serra  Grande,  Rio  Branco  i);  Colombia  ("Bogota"  i). 

*Dendrocincla  meruloides   Christian!    Bangs  and   Penard*.     CHRIS- 
TIAN'S DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  lafresnayei  christiani  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
63,  p.  25,  1919 — near  Pavas,  Pacific  slope  of  western  Andes,  Colombia. 

Dendrocops  atrirostris  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY  1838)  LAFRESNAYE, 
Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  466,  1851 — part,  "Colombia"  =  Quito  (spec,  in 
Lafresnaye  Coll.  examined);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  66 — Palla- 
tanga;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  278 — Babahoyo;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  293 — Esmeraldas. 

Dendrocincla  atrirostris  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  162,  1862 — Palla- 
tanga,  Nanegal,  and  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond. 
1877,  p.  332 — Palmal,  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883, 
p.  563 — Chimbo. 

Dendrocincla  olivacea  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10, 
p.  492,  1888 — part,  Guayaquil;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  166,  1890 
— part,  spec,  j,  k,  o,  p,  Santa  Rita,  Pallatanga  and  Babahoyo;  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  491,  1898 — Paramba;  SALVADORI  and  PESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  27,  1899— Vinces,  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902, 
p.  63 — Santo  Domingo,  Ecuador;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  338,  1906 — 
part,  western  Ecuador;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Mes.  Arc  M&id. 
Equat.,  9,  p.  B  44,  1911 — Santo  Domingo  (range  in  part). 

Dendrocincla  olivacea  lafresnayei  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N. 
Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  457,  1904 — part,  Ecuador. 

Dendrocincla  meruloides  lafresnayei  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1155, 
1156 — part,  Noanama  and  Sipi,  Choc6,  and  western  Ecuador. 

Dendrocincla  lafresnayei  lafresnayei  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36, 
p.  418,  1917 — part,  Novita,  Baudo,  Barbacoas,  Pacific  Colombia. 

a  Dendrocincla  meruloides  christiani  BANGS  and  PENARD:  Immediately  distin- 
guished from  D.  m.  lafresnayei  by  its  much  larger,  darker  bill,  the  entire  maxilla 
and  the  mandible,  except  for  a  limited  whitish  streak,  being  deep  black.  Besides,  the 
tertials  are  more  strongly  shaded  with  olive,  while  the  general  coloration  averages 
slightly  more  olivaceous.  Much  nearer  to  D.  m.  ridgwayi,  but  apparently  darker  and 
more  olivaceous. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Noanama  i,  Sipi  i,  Rio  Dagua  i.  Ecuador: 
Paramba,  Prov.Esmeraldas  3,  "Quito"  2,  Santo  Domingo  3,  San  Jos6 1,  Chimbo  2,  Ave 
Maria  i. 


37°  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range :  Pacific  slope  of  the  Western  Andes  of  Colombia  (north  to 
Baudo)  and  Ecuador  (south  to  Guayaquil). 

4:  Colombia  (Rio  Dagua  i);  Ecuador  (Paramba,  Prov.  Esmeral- 
das  i,  San  Jose",  twelve  miles  s.w.  of  Huigra  i,  Ave  Maria,  Prov.  Guay- 
as  i). 

*Dendrocincla   meruloides    ridgwayi   Oberholser.     BROWN    DENDRO- 
CINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  ridgwayi  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  458,  1904 — 
Talamanca,  Costa  Rica. 

Dendrocincla  fumigata  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist. 
N.  Y.,  7,  p.  320,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama. 

Dendromanes  atrirostris  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER  and  SAL- 
VIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  355 — Panama;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  193 — Chitra, 
Veragua. 

Dendrocincla  olivacea  (not  Dendrocops  olivaceus  EYTON)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye. 
Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  466,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  492,  1888 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  1 66,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-g,  Costa  Rica,  Chitra,  Panama; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  174,  1891 — part, 
Segovia  R.  (Honduras),  Talamanca,  Cartago,  Pacuare"  and  Angostura  (Costa 
Rica),  Chitra  and  Lion  Hill  (Panama);  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16, 
p.  498,  1893 — Escondido  R.,  Nicaragua;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  338, 
1906 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  Panama. 

Dendrocincla  olivacea  olivacea  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  456, 
1904 — Panama  to  Honduras  (monog.). 

Dendrocincla  ridgwayi  ridgwayi  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  651,  1910 
— Caribbean  lowlands  of  Costa  Rica  (habits). 

Dendrocincla  lafresnayei  ridgwayi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  291,  1911 — Panama  to  Honduras  (monog.);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila., 
70,  p.  262,  1918 — Gatun,  Panama;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  p.  212,  1922 — Mt.  Sapo  and  Jesusito,  Darien. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Darien  and  Panama  Railroad),  through 
eastern  Costa  Rica  and  Nicaragua  (Rio  Escondido)  to  southeastern 
Honduras  (Rio  Segovia) . 

2:    Panama  (Lion  Hill  i,  Veragua  i). 

Dendrocincla  merula  merula  (Lichtenstein).     BUFF-THROATED  DEN- 
DROCINCLA. 

Dendrocolaptes  merula  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Berliner  Ak.  Wiss.  for  1818-19, 
p.  208,  1820 — Cayenne  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  for 
1820-21,  p.  264,  1822 — Cayenne. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  371 

Dendrocops  merula  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  467,  1851 — part, 
Cayenne. 

Dendrocincla  merula  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  1868 — part,  Marabitanas,  Rio 
I  c.anna,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  421 — 
Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  495, 
1888 — part,  Cayenne;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  168,  1890 — part, 
spec,  a,  b,  Surinam  and  Bartica  Grove;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
9,  p.  67,  1902 — Munduapo  and  Nericagua  (R.  Orinoco),  Suapure  and  Nicare 
(R.  Caura),  Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci. 
Phila.,  56,  p.  456,  1904 — part,  Suapure,  Venezuela;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
12,  p.  283,  1905 — part,  Barra,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Icanna,  Munduapo,  Suapure 
and  Nicare;  idem,  I.e.,  13,  p.  337,  1906 — part;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  150, 
1908 — Cayenne;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  270,  1916 — 
Orinoco-Caura  region ;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  116,  1921 — Supenaam 
and  Bartica. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Orinoco-Caura  basin) ;  northern  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Negro  south  to 
Mandosa. 

Dendrocincla    merula    castanoptera    Ridgway*.      CHESTNUT-WINGED 
DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  castanoptera  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  494,  1888 — 
Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  R.  Tapaj6z  (type  examined) ;  RIKER  and  CHAP- 
MAN, Auk,  8,  p.  26,  1891 — Diamantina;  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1889,  p.  353  (crit.). 

Dendrocincla  bartletti  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  51,  1918 — Chamicuros, 
Peru  (type  examined). 

Dendrocops  merula  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3, 
p.  467,  1851 — part,  Sarayacu,  Peru  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrocincla  merula  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  1868 — part,  Borba  and  Salto 
Theotonio,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1873,  p.  271 — Chamicuros,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn. 
Pe"r.,  2,  p.  169,  1884 — Chamicuros;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  304,  1889 
— Shanusi,  near  Yurimaguas,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  490,  495,  1888 — part,  spec.  No.  2304,  Lafresnaye  Coll. ; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  168,  1890 — part,  spec,  c-e,  Borba,  and 

B  Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  (the  type)  i,  Saint  Laurent  du 
Maroni  i.  Venezuela:  Munduapo  2,  Suapure  3,  Nicare  i.  Brazil:  Marabitanas  i, 
Rio  Iganna  i,  Manaos  i. 

b  Dendrocincla  merula  castanoptera  RIDGWAY:  Similar  to  D.  m.  merula,  but  under 
parts  paler,  smoky  brown  or  brownish  olive  on  foreneck  and  chest,  and  chin  spot 
lighter,  buffy  white  rather  than  golden  buff. 

Specimens  from  Peru  being  precisely  similar  to  others  from  the  Tapaj6z  and  Rio 
Madeira,  D.  bartletti  becomes  a  synonym  of  D.  castanoptera. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Para:  Peixe-Boi  i,  Igarape'-Assu  i;  Rio  Tapaj6z, 
Diamantina  i,  Miritituba  3;  Rio  Madeira,  Borba  2,  Calama  4,  Humaytha  i;  Rio 
Puriis,  Nova  Olinda  i,  Arina  2.  Peru:  Sarayacu  2,  Chamicuros  2,  Yurimaguas 
(Shanusi)  i. 


372  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Chamicuros;  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  456,  1904 — part, 
Diamantina  and  Peru;  MENEGAUX  and  HELLMAYR,  M6m.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat. 
Autun,  19,  p.  122,  1906 — Sarayacu,  Peru;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  281, 
1905 — part,  Igarap£-Assu  (Pard),  Borba  and  Diamantina;  idem,  I.e.,  13, 
p.  337,  1906 — part  (diag.);  idem,  I.e.,  14,  p.  369,  1907 — Humaytha,  Rio 
Madeira;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  334,  1910 — Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  Abhandl. 
math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  41,  92,  1912 — Peixe-Boi  and 
IgarapeVAssu,  Para;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  342,  1914 — Rio 
Guama  (Sta.  Maria  de  S.  Miguel)  and  Rio  Tapajdz  (Boim,  Pinhel). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Para  (Rio 
Guamd)  west  to  the  Rio  Madeira  and  Rio  Purus,  and  adjacent  parts  of 
eastern  Peru  (Sarayacu,  Rio  Ucayali;  Chamicuros,  Yurimaguas). 

Dendrocincla  merula  remote.  Todd*.     BOLIVIAN  DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  merula  remota  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  82,  1925 — 
Rio  Yapacani,  near  Buenavista,  Bolivia. 

Range :    Northern  Bolivia  (Rio  Yapacani,  Province  del  Sara) . 

*Dendrocincla   homochroa   homochroa    (Sclater).     RUDDY    DENDRO- 
CINCLA. 

Dendromanes  homochrous  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  382,  1859 — Teotalcingo, 
Oaxaca,  Mexico;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1861,  p.  353 — Chisec,  Guatemala;  LANTZ, 
Trans.  Kansas  Ac.  Sci.,  16,  p.  221,  1899 — Naranjo,  Guatemala. 

Dendrocincla  homochroa  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  54 — 
Mexico  and  Guatemala;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  491,  1888 — 
Guatemala;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  163,  1890 — part,  spec,  a-n, 
Oaxaca,  Cozumel  Isl.,  Yucatan,  Mugeres  Isl.,  Savannah  Grande,  Rio  de  la 
Pasion,  Choctum,  Vera  Paz,  Volcan  de  Agua,  Guatemala;  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  172,  1891 — part,  Mexico,  British  Hon- 
duras and  Guatemala;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.,  N.  H.,  8,  p.  284,  1896 — 
Chichen-Itza,  Yucatan;  COLE,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  50,  p.  131,  1906 — 
Chichen-Itza,  Yucatan. 

Dendrocincla  homochroa  homochroa  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56, 
p.  462,  1904 — Mexico  and  Guatemala  (monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  293,  1911 — Mexico  to  British  Honduras  (monog.). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Mexico,  Campeche,  and 
Yucatan)  and  southwards  through  Guatemala  to  British  Honduras. 

i:    Mexico  (Izalam,  Yucatan  i). 

•  Dendrocincla  merula  remota  TODD:  "Similar  to  Dendrocincla  merula  castanop- 
tera  RIDGWAY,  of  the  lower  Amazon  (south  bank),  but  general  coloration  paler  and 
duller. 

"The  pair  of  birds  to  which  this  description  is  applied,  coming  from  a  region 
beyond  the  ordinarily  accepted  range  of  this  specific  type,  appear  to  be  recognizably 
distinct.  They  differ  from  castanoptera  in  their  paler,  duller  coloration,  noticeable 
in  both  the  dorsal  and  ventral  surfaces.  They  are  of  course  still  more  different  from 
true  merula  of  French  Guiana,  which  is  the  darkest  form  of  the  three."  (ToDD,  I.e.). 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  373 

*Dendrocincla  homochroa  acedesta  Oberholser.    COSTA  RICAN  RUDDY 
DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  homochroa  acedesta  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  462, 
1904 — Chiriqui,  western  Panama;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  650, 
1910 — Nicoya  Peninsula,  Guanacaste  and  Boruca,  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  294,  1911 — Nicaragua  to  western  Pan- 
ama (Chiriqui). 

Dendrocincla  homochroa  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  163,  1890 — part,  spec,  o-u,  Costa  Rica  and  Volcan  de  Chiriqui;  SALVIN 
and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  172,  1891 — part,  Nicaragua, 
Costa  Rica  and  Chiriqui;  CHERRIE,  Expl.  Zool.  Merid.  Costa  Rica,  p.  40, 
1893 — Boruca,  Costa  Rica;  UNDERWOOD,  Ibis,  1896,  p.  440 — Miravelles, 
Costa  Rica. 

Dendrocincla  homochroa  ruficeps  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  RIDGWAY,  Proc. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  491,  1888 — Sucuya  (Nicaragua),  "Navarro"  (Costa 
Rica)  and  Chiriqui. 

Dendrocincla  ruficeps  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  46,  1902 — Boquete, 
Chiriqui. 

Range :  Southwestern  Nicaragua,  western  Costa  Rica,  and  western 
Panama  (Boquete,  Volcan  de  Chiriqui). 

7:  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  i);  Costa  Rica  (Boruca 
i,  unspecified  i);  Panama  (Boquete,  Chiriqui  4). 

Dendrocincla  homochroa  ruficeps  Sclater  and  Salvin.    PANAMA  RUDDY 
DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  ruficeps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  54 — Panama 
City,  Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  164,  1890 — Panama;  SAL- 
VIN and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  173,  1891 — Panama; 
OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  461,  1904 — Panama*. 

Dendrocincla  homochroa  ruficeps  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.f  50,  Part  5, 
p.  295,  1911 — Panama*;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  63, 
p.  212,  1922 — Mt.  Sap6,  Panama. 

Range:    Eastern  Panama  (Panama  Railroad;  Mt.  Sap6,  Darien)a. 

*Dendrocincla   anabatina    anabatina   Sclater.     NORTHERN    DENDRO- 
CINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  anabatina  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  54,  pi.  150,  1859 — Omoa, 
Honduras;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  490,  1888 — part,  Vera 

•  The  range  of  this  form  is  apparently  restricted  to  eastern  Panama.  Although 
both  Oberholser  and  Ridgway  mention  El  Banco  and  Boquete  among  its  localities, 
a  series  of  seven  skins  from  the  latter  place  appears  to  me  indistinguishable  from 
Costa  Rican  examples  (acedesta).  Moreover,  D.  h.  acedesta  was  originally  based  upon 
one  of  Arc6's  specimens  from  the  Volcan  of  Chiriqui. 


374  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cruz,  Mexico;  Guatemala;  Los  Sabalos,  Nicaragua;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  15,  p.  162,  1890 — part,  spec,  a,  c-g,  Oaxaca  (Mexico),  San  Pedro 
(Honduras),  Choctum,  Samayoa,  Vera  Paz  and  sources  of  Rio  de  la  Pasion 
(Guatemala);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  172, 
1891 — part,  Mexico,  British  Honduras,  Honduras,  Guatemala,  Nicaragua; 
RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  498,  1893 — Rio  Escondido,  Nicar- 
agua; DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  108,  1907 — 
Los  Amates,  Guatemala. 

Dendrocincla  anabatina  anabatina  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56, 
p.  452,  1904 — part,  Mexico  to  Nicaragua  (monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5,  p.  288,  1911 — Mexico  to  Nicaragua  (monog.);  PETERS 
Auk,  30,  p.  374,  1913 — Camp  Mengel,  Terr.  Quintana  Roo,  Mexico. 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca, 
Tabasco,  and  Quintana  Roo)  and  southward  through  Guatemala,  Brit- 
ish Honduras,  and  Honduras  to  Nicaragua. 

3 :    Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  3) . 
*Dendrocincla  anabatina  typhla  Oberholser.    YUCATAN  DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  anabatina  typhla  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  452, 
1904 — Puerto  Moreles,  Yucatan;  COLE,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  50,  p.  131, 
1906 — Chichen-Itza,  Yucatan;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  5, 
p.  290,  1911 — Yucatan  and  Campeche  (monog.). 

Dendrocincla  anabatina  (not  of  SCLATER)  BOUCARD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  450 
—Yucatan;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  162,  1890 — part,  spec,  b, 
northern  Yucatan;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
p.  172,  1891 — part,  Yucatan;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  8,  p.  284, 
1896 — Chichen-Itza,  Yucatan. 

Range:    Eastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Yucatan  and  Campeche). 
i:    Yucatan  (unspecified  i). 

^Dendrocincla  anabatina  saturata   Carriker.     CARRIKER'S   DENDRO- 
CINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  anabatina  saturata  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  649,  1910 
—El  Pozo  de  Terraba,  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  5,  p.  290,  1911 — southwestern  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama. 

Dendromanes  anabatinus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1870,  p.  192 
— Bugaba,  Panama. 

Dendrocincla  anabatina  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  490,  1888 — part, 
Chiriqui;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  162,  1890 — part,  spec,  h-j, 
Bugaba,  Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  172, 
1891 — part,  Bugaba,  Panama;  CHERRIE,  Expl.  Zool.  Merid.  Costa  Rica,  p.  39, 
1893 — Palmar,  Boruca  and  Terraba,  Costa  Rica;  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  p.  367, 
1901 — Divala,  Chiriqui. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  375 

Dendrocincla  anabatina  anabatina  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56, 
p.  452,  1904 — part,  Panama. 

Range:    Southwestern  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Divala, 
Bugaba,  Chiriqui). 

3:    Costa  Rica  (Boruca  3). 
*Dendrocincla  fuliginosa  (Vieillot).     LEVAILLANT'S  DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocopus  fuliginosus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  26,  p.  117, 
1818 — Abased  on  "Le  Grimpar  enfume"  LEVAILLANT,  Hist.  Nat.  Prome'rops, 
p.  70,  pi.  28,  Cayenne  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Dendrocolaptes  fumigatus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Abhandl.  Berliner  Ak.  Wiss.  for  the 
years  1818-19,  p.  203,  1820;  idem,  I.e.,  for  1820-21,  p.  264,  1822 — based  on 
LEVAILLANT,  pi.  28,  Cayenne. 

Dendrocincla  rufo-olivacea  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  "1887",  p.  493, 
Jan.  1888 — Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z  (type  examined); 
SCLATER,  Ibis,  1889,  p.  353  (crit.). 

Dendrocincla  fuliginosa  wallacei  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  52,  1919 — 
Pard  (types  examined). 

Dendrocops  fumigatus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  466,  1851  (ex 
LEVAILLANT). 

Dendrocincla  fumigata  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  574 — Pard; 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  i,  p.  42,  1868 — part,  Pard,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Man- 
aos],  Borba  (spec,  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  421 — Bartica  Grove, 
Camacusa  and  Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana. 

Dendrocincla  fuliginosa  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  495,  1888  (ex 
LEVAILLANT);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15,  p.  165,  1890 — Roraima,  Cama- 
cusa, Bartica  Grove,  Pard;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  8,  p.  26,  1891 — San- 
tarem; OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  453,  1904 — lower  Ama- 
zonia, south  to  "Bahia"  [  =  Pard],  north  to  British  Guiana;  MENEGAUX  and 
HELLMAYR,  Mem.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat.  Autun,  19,  p.  119,  1906  (crit.  on  type); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  280,  1905 — Igarape"-Assu,  Benevides,  Pard 
(crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  13,  p.  337,  1906  (char.,  range);  idem,  I.e.,  14,  p.  368,  1907 — 
Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  149,  319,  1908 — Ipousin, 
Rio  Approuague  and  Saint  Georges  d'Oyapock,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Orn.,  54,  p.  525,  1906 — Pard  and  S.  Antonio  do  Prata;  idem,  I.e.,  56, 
P-  530,  1908 — Alcobaca,  Rio  Tocantins;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  334, 
1910 — Humaytha  and  Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  40,  91,  1912 — Peixe-Boi  and  Ipitinga  (Pard 
localities);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  342,  1914 — Pard,  Providencia, 
Peixe-Boi,  S.  Antonio  do  Prata,  Rio  Tocantins  (Cametd,  Alcobaga) ,  Rio  Tapa- 
joz  (Boim),  Obidos,  Rio  Jamundd  (Faro);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  65,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Lelydorp  and  Java weg, 
Surinam;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  116,  1921 — Supenaam,  Mazaruni, 
Demerara,  Roraima,  Camacusa,  Bartica. 

Dendrocincla  turdina  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris,  10, 
p.  179,  1904 — Saint  Georges  d'Oyapock  (spec,  examined). 


376  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana  and  northern  Brazil 
(on  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon  as  far  west  as  Manaos,  south  of  the 
river  from  western  Maranhao  to  the  Rio  Madeira)8. 

3:    British  Guiana  (Potaro  i);  Brazil,  Maranhao  (Tury-assu  2). 
Dendrocincla  tyrannina  tyrannina   (Lafresnaye) .     TYRANNINE   DEN- 

DROCINCLA. 

Dendrocops  tyranninus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  328,  1851 — 
Santa  F£  de  Bogota;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  142,  1855 — Bogota. 

Dendrocincla  tyrannina  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  162,  1862 — Bogota; 
SCLATER  and  SAJLVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  54 — New  Granada;  idem,  I.e., 
1879,  p.  523 — Santa  Elena;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  491,  1888 
— part,  Bogota;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  13,  p.  164,  1890 — part,  spec, 
a-e,  Bogotd  and  Santa  Elena,  Colombia. 

Dendrocincla  tyrannina  tyrannina  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56, 
p.  450,  1904 — Bogotd  (monog.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  36, 
p.  418,  1917 — Cerro  Munchique,  Almaguer,  Salento,  Laguneta,  El  Eden, 
Colombia. 

Dendrocops  olivaceus  EYTON,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1852,  p.  25 — locality  unknown. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  (except  Santa 
Marta  region) b. 

*Dendrocincla  tyrannina  hellmayri  Cory.     HELLMAYR'S  TYRANNINE 
DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  tyrannina  hellmayri  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 
I,  p.  290,  May  1913 — Paramo  de  Tama,  headwaters  of  Tachira  River,  near 
the  Venezuelan  line,  Colombia. 

•  Specimens  from  the  north  bank  (Obidos,  Manaos)  are  precisely  similar  to  typi- 
cal Guianan  birds.  Those  from  south  of  the  Amazon  average  rather  paler,  less  rufes- 
cent  both  above  and  below,  but  the  difference  is  too  slight  and  inconstant  to  warrant 
the  recognition  of  a  race  D.  fuliginosa  rufo-olivacea.  Mr.  W.  E.  C.  Todd  (in  litt.), 
who  has  an  enormous  series  in  the  collection  under  his  charge,  also  considers  them 
inseparable. 

The  huge,  strongly  ridged  bill,  the  very  conspicuous  buff  postocular  stripe,  and 
the  slight  buff  spotting  on  the  foreneck  distinguish  this  species  from  D.  m.  phaeochroa, 
likewise  found  on  the  Amazon. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana  (including  the  type)  5.  British  Guiana: 
Rio  Rupununi  2,  Roraima  i,  Demerara  i,  Potaro  i.  Brazil:  Manaos  2,  Obidos  2, 
Para  district  8,  Santarem  2,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  2. 

b  Five  native  Bogotd  specimens  examined. 

0  Dendrocincla  tyrannina  hellmayri  CORY:  Similar  to  D.  t.  tyrannina,  but  colora- 
tion throughout  more  olivaceous,  less  rufous,  particularly  on  upper  parts,  and  ante- 
rior crown  more  distinctly  edged  with  dusky.  Wing  128;  tail  123;  bill  33. 

Whether  this  form  is  really  separable  from  D.  t.  tyrannina  remains  to  be  ascer- 
tained by  a  series  from  the  type  region. 


1925.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  377 

Range:  Eastern  Colombia  (Paramo  de  Tama,  near  border  line 
of  Venezuela). 

i :    Colombia  (Paramo  de  Tama  i ,  the  type) . 

Dendrocincla  tyrannina  brunnea  Salvadori  and  Festa*.    ECUADORIAN 
TYRANNINE  DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  brunnea  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  13,  No.  330, 
p.  2,  1898 — Nanegal,  Ecuador  (type  examined). 

Dendrocincla  tyrannina  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  15, 
p.  164,  1890 — part,  spec,  f,  g,  "Jima",  Ecuador;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  10,  p.  491,  1888 — part,  Nanegal;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  26,  1899 — Nanegal;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1902, 
p.  62 — Nanegal  (spec,  examined). 

Dendrocincla  tyrannina  brunnea  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  56, 
p.  450,  1904 — Nanegal,  Ecuador  (monog.). 

Range :    Western  Ecuador  (Nanegal) . 

Dendrocincla  tyrannina  macrorhyncha  Salvadori  and  Festab.    LARGE- 
BILLED  DENDROCINCLA. 

Dendrocincla  macrorhyncha  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  p.  27,  1899 — Pun,  Ecuador  (type  examined);  OBERHOLSER,  Proc. 
Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  56,  p.  450,  1904  (ex  SALVADORI  and  FESTA). 

(?)  Dendrocincla  tyrannina  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark. 
Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  70,  1922 — Maspa,  below  Papallacta  and  Baeza,  road  to 
Napo. 

Range :    Eastern  Ecuador  (Pun) . 

a  Dendrocincla  tyrannina  brunnea  SALVADORI  and  FESTA:  Very  similar  to  D.  t. 
tyrannina,  but  throat  hardly  paler  than  the  rest  of  the  under  parts;  abdomen  more 
rufescent;  pale  streaks  on  foreneck  and  chest  but  slightly  suggested.  Wing  116- 
12 1 ;  tail  108-116;  bill  32-33. 

Material  examined. — Nanegal  (including  the  type)  2,  "western  Ecuador"  i. 

b  Dendrocincla  tyrannina  macrorhyncha  SALVADORI  and  FESTA:  Most  nearly  re- 
lated to,  and  agreeing  with  D.  t.  tyrannina  in  having  distinct  buffy  streaks  on  fore- 
neck  and  chest;  but  much  larger,  with  longer,  heavier  bill;  upper  and  under  parts 
much  lighter  and  more  olivaceous;  throat  paler,  more  whitish  buff.  Wing  (adult 
male,  the  type)  138;  tail  120;  bill  38. 


THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

FEB171938 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


378  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 


ADDENDA  (p.  282). 

(A)  Xiphocolaptes  proineropirhynchus  fortis  HEINE  :  The  type  (and 
only  specimen)  cannot  be  identified  with  any  known  form,  combin- 
ing, as  it  does,  the  markings  (on  pileum  and  under  parts)  of  X.  p.  pro- 
cerus  with  the  deep,  vandyke  brown  coloration  (of  the  body  plumage) 
of  A",  p.  igiwtus.  From  X.  p.  sanctae-martae,  which  it  closely  resembles 
in  markings,  it  is  easily  distinguished  by  much  more  rufous  coloring, 
the  back  being  deep  vandyke  brown  and  the  under  parts  raw  umber, 
while  the  throat  feathers  lack  the  brownish  margins;  besides,  the  bill 
is  pale  brown,  not  grayish  horn  color.  Compared  with  a  series  of 
X.  p.  ignotus,  from  the  Quito  region,  the  type  has  very  much  narrower 
buffy  streaks  (>£  instead  of  2  to  3^  mm.  wide)  on  foreneck  and  chest, 
without  trace  of  blackish  lateral  edges,  much  fewer  and  smaller  cross 
bars  on  the  abdomen,  and  almost  unmarked  under  tail-coverts,  while 
the  bill  is  paler  as  well  as  slenderer.  From  X.  p.  rostratus  it  differs  by 
less  blackish  pileum,  much  more  rufous  under  parts  with  narrower, 
buffy  streaks,  not  dusky-edged  laterally  and  shorter,  pale  brown  bill. 
Whig  144;  tail  118;  bill  50. 

The  type,  a  specimen  in  excellent  condition,  is  of  unknown  origin. 
Though  the  describer  supposed  it  to  have  come  from  Cartagena  or 
Santa  Marta,  this  appears  altogether  unlikely  in  view  of  its  being  so 
different  from  authentic  material  secured  on  the  north  coast  of  Colom- 
bia. In  preparation  the  type  somewhat  recalls  the  so-called  "Demerara" 
skins,  but  for  the  present  its  habitat  must  remain  doubtful. 


INDEX 


Bold-faced  type  denotes  names  adopted  in  this  work. 


Acanthurus 354 

acedesta,  Dendrocincla 373 

acritus,  Xenicopsis 189 

acritus,  Xenoctistes 189 

Acrorchilus • 1 16 

acuticaudatus,  Anthus 168 

acutirostris,  Xenops 242 

adspersus,  Cichlocolaptes 188 

adusta,  Synallaxis 105 

aegithaloides,  Leptasthenura 60 

aegithaloides,  Synallaxis 60 

aequatorialis,  Asthenes 146 

aequatorialis,  Dendrornis 308 

aequatorialis,  Lepidocolaptes 322 

aequatorialis,  Picolaptes 322 

aequatorialis,  Siptornis 146 

aequatorialis,  Sittasomus 359 

aequatorialis,  Xiphorhynchus ....  308 

affinis,  Asthenes 134 

affinis,  Dendrocolaptes 324 

affinis,  Lepidocolaptes 324 

affinis,  Platyurus 156 

affinis,  Siptornis 134 

affinis,  Xenops 238 

agnatus,  Furnarius 21 

alarum,  Xiphorhynchus 305 

alaudina,  Coryphistera 26 

albescens,  Synallaxis 87 

albicapilla,  Cranioleuca 117 

albicapilla,  Synallaxis 117 

albiceps,  Cranioleuca 116 

albiceps,  Synallaxis 116 

albicollis,  Dendrocopus 276 

albicollis,  Nasica 348 

albicollis,  Sphenura 188 

albicollis,  Xiphocolaptes 276 

albidior,  Automolus 221 

albidiventris,  Cinclodes 38 

albigula,  Cranioleuca 117 

albigularis,  Glyphorynchus 353 

albigularis,  Philydor 219 

albigularis,  Sclerurus 247 

albigularis,  Synallaxis 88 

albilora,  Synallaxis 96 

albisquama,  Nasica 301 

albiventris,  Cinclodes 36 

albiventris,  Upucerthia 36 

albo-gularis,  Dendrocolaptes 244 

albogularis,  Figulus 17 

albogularis,  Philydor 211 

albogularis,  Pygarrhicus 244 

albolineatus,  Dendrocolaptes 328 

albolineatus,  Lepidocolaptes 327 

alogus,  Rhopoctites 230 

alopecias,  Cranioleuca 125 


alopecias,  Synallaxis 125 

altirostris,  Dendrocolaptes 291 

altirostris,  Dendroplex 291 

amaurotis,  Anabates 199 

amaurotis,  Xenicopspides 199 

amazonica,  Synallaxis 106 

amazonus,  Sittasomus 358 

Anabasitta 170 

Anabates 75 

anabatina,  Dendrocincla 373 

Anabatoides 187 

anabatoides,  Xenops 188 

Anabazenops 187 

Ancistrops 187 

andaecola,  Upucerthia 47 

andicola,  Leptasthenura 65 

andinus,  Sclerurus 250 

Anecorhamphus 232 

anguina,  Dendrocincla 367 

angustirostris,  Dendrocopus 335 

angustirpstris,  Lepidocolaptes.. . .  335 

annumbi,  Anumbius 168 

annumbi,  Furnarius 168 

anomalus,  Sclerurus 249 

antarctica,  Certhia 29 

antarctica,  Geositta 7 

antarcticus,  Cinclodes 29 

anthoides,  Anumbius 168 

anthoides,  Asthenes 148 

anthoides,  Geositta 3 

anthoides,  Synallaxis 148 

antisiensis,  Cranioleuca 118 

antisiensis,  Synallaxis 118 

Anumbius 168 

anxius,  Xenicopsis 197 

anxius,  Xenicopsoides 197 

aphanta,  Dendrocincla 366 

Aphrastura 55 

apothetus,  Picolaptes 333 

approximans,  Xenops 234,235 

aradoides,  Anabates 156 

arequipae,  Asthenes 141 

arequipae,  Synallaxis. 141 

argentinus,  Xiphocolaptes 276 

argobronchus,  Xenops 238 

assimilis,  Automolus 1 85 

assimilis,  Furnarius 19 

assimilis,  Hyloctistes 185 

Asthenes 133 

atacamae,  Chilia 53 

atacamensis,  Cinclodes 39 

atacamensis,  Upucerthia 39 

atlanticus,  Picolaptes 334 

atricapillus,  Anabates 200 

atricapillus,  Philydor 200 


379 


380 


INDEX 


atrigularis,  Poecilurus in 

atripes,  Picolaptes 319 

atrirostris,  Dendrocincla 365 

atrirostris,  Dendrocolaptes 365 

aurantiacus,  Metopothrix 167 

auritus,  Anabates 180 

auritus,  Pseudocolaptes 180 

australis,  Asthenes 138 

australis,  Oxyurus 56 

Automolus 2 10 

azarae,  Synallaxis 77 

azuay,  Asthenes 147 

azuay,  Siptornis 147 

badius,  Furnarius 17 

badius,  Turdus 17 

baeckstroemii,  Cinclodes 33 

baeri,  Asthenes 136 

baeri,  Philydor 203 

baeri,  Siptornis 136 

baeri,  Upucerthia 48 

bahiae,  Dendroplex 289 

bahiae,  Lepidocolaptes 339 

bahiae,  Picolaptes 339 

bahiae,  Sclerurus 251 

bahiae,  Xiphocolaptes 277 

bangsi,  Automolus 212 

bangsi,  Xiphorhynchus 306 

Barnesia 75 

baroni,  Cranioleuca 117 

baroni,  Siptornis 117 

bartletti,  Dendrocincla 371 

Bathmidura 70 

beauperthuysii,  Nasica 302,311 

bellulus,  Margarornis 171 

belmontensis,  Xiphocolaptes 278 

bergianus,  Phacellodomus 211 

berlepschi,  Asthenes 143 

berlepschi,  Dendrexetastes 271 

berlepschi,  Leptasthenura 62 

berlepschi,  Siptornis 143 

berlepschi,  Thripophaga 156 

berlepschi,  Xiphocolaptes 285 

Berlepschia 181 

bifasciatus,  Cinclodes 39 

bivittatus,  Dendrocolaptes 337 

bivittatus,  Lepidocolaptes 337 

bogotensis,  Dendrornis 307 

boissonneautii,  Anabates 178 

boissonneautii,  Pseudocolaptes. . .  178 

bolivari,  Synallaxis 103 

boliviana,  Leptasthenura 69 

bolivianus,  Lepidocolaptes 324 

bolivianus,  Philydor 195,207 

bolivianus,  Thripobrotus .  .' 324 

borealis,  Campylorhamphus 347 

boultoni,  Margarornis 172 

brachyura,  Synallaxis 91 

brevicauda,  Geobates i 

brevirostris,  Geositta 8 

bricenoi,  Thripadectes 229 

bridgesi,  Upucerthia 48 


bridgesii,  Drymornis 349 

bridgesii,  Nasica 349 

brooki,  Automolus 229 

brunnea,  Dendrocincla 377 

brunnea,  Synallaxis 134 

brunneicauda,  Margarornis 173 

brunneicauda,  Premnoplex 173 

brunneicauda,  Synallaxis 83 

brunneicaudalis,  Synallaxis 83 

brunneicaudis,  Synallaxis 83 

brunnescens,  Margarornis 175 

brunnescens,  Premnoplex 175 

brunneus,  Sclerurus 254 

burmeisteri,  Geositta 1 1 

cabanisi,  Anabazenops 191 

cabanisi,  Synallaxis 83 

cabanisi,  Xenoctistes 191 

cajabambae,  Leptasthenura 67 

campicola,  Coryphistera 26 

Campylorhamphus 339 

candei,  Poecilurus no 

candei,  Synnalaxis no 

caniceps,  Synallaxis 127 

canigularis,  Sclerurus 248 

canipileus,  Synallaxis 95 

canivetii,  Xenops 200 

capitalis,  Cranioleuca 118 

capitoides,  Dendrexetastes 273 

caquetensis,  Synallaxis 107 

carabayae,  Lepidocolaptes 324 

carri,  Synallaxis 104 

castanea,  Synallaxis 102 

castaneus,  Xiphocolaptes 287 

castanonota,  Lochmias 257 

castanoptera,  Dendrocincla 371 

castelnaudii,  Glyphorynchus 351 

caucae,  Synallaxis 91 

caudacutus,  Sclerurus 253 

caudacutus,  Synallaxis 114 

caudacutus,  Thamnophilus 253 

cayennensis,  Gracula 260 

cayoensis,  Xenops 238 

cearae,  Furnarius 20 

cearensis,  Dendrocolaptes 266 

cearensis,  Sclerurus 246 

cearensis,  Sittasomus 357 

cearensis,  Synallaxis 114 

celicae,  Automolus 225 

certhia,  Dendrocolaptes 260 

certhia,  Leptasthenura 66 

certhia,  Picus 260 

certhia,  Siptornis 66 

Certhiaxis 112 

certhioides,  Anabates 49 

certhioides,  Upucerthia 49 

certhiola,  Synallaxis 96 

certhiolus,  Lepidocolaptes 336 

certhiolus,  Picolaptes 336 

certus,  Sclerurus 248 

cervicalis,  Automolus 213 

cervicalis,  Philydor 213 


INDEX 


cervinigularis,  Anabates 223 

cervinigularis,  Automolus 223 

chapadensis,  Sittasomus 356 

chapmani,  Campylorhamphus 347 

chapmani,  Synallaxis 92 

cherriei,  Thripophaga 154 

chilensis,  Cinclodes 31 

chilensis,  Furnarius 31 

Chilia 52 

Christian!,  Dendrocincla 369 

chrysolopus,  Dendrocolaptes 289 

chunchotambo,  Dendrocolaptes.  .  312 

chunchotambo,  Xiphorhynchus. . .  312 

Cichlocolaptes 226 

Cillurus 27 

Cinclodes 27 

cinerascens,  Synallaxis 97 

cinerea,  Synallaxis 144 

cinereiventris,  Synallaxis 109 

cinereus,  Synallaxis 76 

cinnamomea,  Certhia 112 

cinnamomea,  Certhiaxis 112 

cinnamomea,  Synallaxis 103 

cinnamomeigula,  Automolus 217 

cinnamomeus,  Furnarius 23 

cinnamomeus,  Picolaptes 23 

cinnamomeus,  Xiphocolaptes .  . .  .  278 

cisandina,  Cranioleuca 119 

cisandina,  Synallaxis 119 

Cladoscopus 273 

Clibanornis 26 

coloratus,  Premnoplex 174 

columbiana,  Upucerthia 51 

columbianus,  Philydor 205 

columbianus,  Synallaxis 94 

columbianus,  Xenicopsis 193 

commersoni,  Furnanus 16 

communis,  Dendrocolaptes 260 

compressirostris,  Xiphocolaptes. .  283 

compressus,  Lepidocolaptes 331 

compressus,  Thripobrotus 331 

concolor,  Anabates 225 

concolor,  Dendrocolaptes 259 

confinis,  Dendrornis 300 

confinis,  Xiphorhynchus 300 

connectens,  Xenops 239 

consobrina,  Asthenes 142 

consobrinus,  Automolus 224 

consobrinus,  Dendrornis 301 

consobrinus,  Philydor 224 

contaminates,  Heliobletus 227 

Coprotretis 41 

coronatus,  Lepidocolaptes 338 

coronatus,  Picolaptes 338 

coryi,  Schizoeaca 73 

coryi,  Synallaxis 73 

Coryphistera 25 

costaricensis,  Dendrocolaptes. . .  .  272 

costaricensis,  Dendrornis 300 

costaricensis,  Pseudocolaptes 176 

costaricensis,  Xiphocolaptes 279 

costaricensis,  Xiphorhynchus ....  300 


Cranioleuca 1 16 

crassirostris,  Dendrocolaptes 276 

crassirostris,  Geositta 13 

crassirostris,  Synallaxis 143 

crassirostris,  Xiphocolaptes 283 

cristata,  Pseudoseisura 181 

cristatus,  Anabates 181 

cristatus,  Furnarius 25 

cuchacanchae,  Asthenes 148 

cuchacanchae,  Siptornis 148 

cuneatus,  Dendrocolaptes 352 

cuneatus,  Glyphorynchus 352 

cunicularia,  Alauda 2 

cunicularia,  Geositta 2 

curtata,  Cranioleuca 121 

curtata,  Synallaxis 121 

cururuvi,  Synallaxis 76 

curvirostris,  Limnornis 53 

cyanotis,  Dendrocolaptes 276,286 

dabbenei,  Upucerthia 45 

darwini,  Upucerthia 42 

debilis,  Cranioleuca 122 

debilis,  Siptornis 122 

Deconychura 361 

decumanus,  Dendrocolaptes 276 

demissa,  Synallaxis 77 

demonstrates,  Xiphorhynchus .  . .  298 

Dendrexetastes 273 

Dendrocichla 364 

Dendrocincla 363 

Dendrocinclopa 361 

Dendrocinda 368 

Dendrocolaptes 259 

dendrocolaptoides,  Anabates 27 

dendrocolaptoides,  Clibanornis. . .  27 

Dendrocops 259 

Dendrocopus 259 

Dendrodramus 244 

Dendroma 199 

Dendromanes 364 

Dendrophylax 70 

Dendroplex 288 

Dendrornis 293 

dentirostris,  Xenops 240 

deserticolor,  Geositta 4 

desmurii,  Sylviorthorhynchus. ...  55 

devillei,  Dendrexetastes 274 

devillei,  Dendrocolaptes 274 

dimidiatus,  Anabates 202 

dimidiates,  Philydor 202 

dinellii,  Siptornis 148 

d'orbigynanus,  Nasica 294 

d'orbignyanus,  Xiphorhynchus. . .  294 

d'orbignyi,  Asthenes 142 

d'orbignyi,  Bathmidura 142 

dorsalis,  Automolus 214 

dorsalis,  Phacellodomus 165 

dorso-immaculatus  ,Xiphorhynchus  3  46 

dorsomaculata,  Synallaxis 57 

Drioctistes 156 

Dromodendron 244 


INDEX 


Drymornis 349 

Dryocopus 363 

dumetaria,  Upucerthia 41 

dumetorum,  Uppucerthia 41 

eburneirostris,  Dryocopus 303 

elegans,  Dendrornis 3*5 

elegans,  Synallaxis 79 

elegans,  Xiphorhynchus 3*5 

elegantior,  Synallaxis 79 

emigrans,  Xiphocolaptes 278 

enalincia,  Dendrocincla 364 

endoecus,  Furnarius 22 

Enicornis 5 1 

Eremobius 5 T 

erithacus,  Dendrocolaptes 355 

erythacus,  Myiothera 209 

erytbrocephalus,  Hylocryptus 226 

erythrocercus,  Anabates 209 

erythrocercus,  Philydor 209 

erythronotus,  Philydor 201 

erythrophthalmus,  Anabates 156 

erythrophthalmus,  Drioctistes 156 

erythrops,  Cranioleuca 122 

erythrops,  Synallaxis 122 

erythropterus,  Anabates 207 

erythropterus,  Philydor. 207 

erythropygia,  Dendrornis 310 

erythropygius,  Xiphorhynchus.  .  .  310 

ery  thro  thorax,  Synallaxis 105 

esmeraldae,  Lepidocolaptes 329 

euophrys,  Philydor 208 

Euphilydor 200 

Eusiptornoides *33 

excelsior,  Cinclodes. 51 

excelsior,  Upucerthia 5 i 

exilis,  Furnarius 22 

eximia,  Dendrornis .  . 306 

eximius,  Xiphorhynchus 306 

exsertus,  Automolus 222 

exterior,  Leptasthenura 66 

extima,  Leptasthenura 65 

eytoni,  Dendrocolaptes 296 

eytoni,  Xiphorhynchus 296 

falcinellus,  Lepidocolaptes 320 

falcinellus,  Thripobrotus 320 

falcirostris,  Dendrocolaptes 278 

f alcularius,  Campylorhamphus . . .  339 

falcularius,  Dendrocopus.  .  .• 339 

falcirostris,  Xiphocolaptes 278 

fasciata,  Geositta 12 

f asciatus,  Geobamon 12 

fasciolatus,  Sylviorthorhynchus .  .  55 

ferrugineigula,  Anumbius 157 

ferrugineigula,  Drioctistes 156 

ferruginolentus,  Anabates 227 

Figulus , J4 

figulus,  Furnarius 24 

figulus,  Turdus 24 

fissirostris,  Alauda 3 


fissirostris,  Geositta 3 

fitis,  Synallaxis 127 

fitzgeraldi,  Upucerthia 43 

flammeus,  Dendrocolaptes 314 

flammulata,  Asthenes 152 

flammulatus,  Anabates 228 

flammulatus,  Sittasomus 352 

flammulatus,  Synalaxis 152 

flammulatus,  Thripadectes 228 

flamulata,  Siptornis 166 

flavescens,  Pseudocolaptes 180 

flavigaster,  Xiphorhynchus 303 

flavogularis,  Asthenes 134 

flavogularis,  Synallaxis 134 

forsteri,  Cillurus 30 

fortirostris,  Dendrocolaptes 265 

fortis,  Geositta 14 

fortis,  Xiphocolaptes 282,378 

fraterculus,  Dendrornis 314 

frenata,  Synallaxis 1 16 

frobeni,  Certhilauda 5 

frobeni,  Geositta 5 

frontalis,  Sphenura 157 

frontalis,  Synallaxis 80 

fruticicola,  Synallaxis 78 

fuliginiceps,  Leptasthenura 69 

fuliginiceps,  Synallaxis 69 

fuliginosa,  Dendrocincla 375 

fuliginosa,  Schizoeaca 71 

fuliginosa,  Synallaxis 71 

fuliginosus,  Dendrocopus 375 

fuliginosus,  Furnarius 29 

fulva,  Aphrastura 57 

fulvigularis,  Sclerurus 252 

fulviventris,  Synallaxis 84 

fumigatus,  Dendrocolaptes 375 

fumosus,  Automolus 216 

furcata,  Cranioleuca 120 

furcata,  Synallaxis 120 

Furnarius J4 

furvicaudatus,  Synallaxis 85 

fusca,  Sitta i«7 

fuscescens,  Leptasthenura 61 

fuscicapillus,  Lepidocolaptes 326 

fuscicapillus,  Picolaptes 326 

fusciceps,  Thripophaga , .  155 

fuscifrons,  Certhiaxis 113 

fuscifrons,  Synallaxis 113 

fuscipennis,  Philydor 201 

fuscipennis,  Synallaxis 82 

fusco-rufa,  Synallaxis 102 

fuscus,  Anabazenops 187 

fuscus,  Anthus 34 

fuscus,  Cinclodes 34 

fuscus,  Dendrocopus 332 

fuscus,  Lepidocolaptes 332 

fuscus,  Tinactor 245,253 

galatheae,  Homorus 182 

garrulus,  Malurus 157 

genibarbis,  Xenops 233 

Geobamon 2 


INDEX 


383 


Geobates i 

Geooecia 245 

Geositta 2 

gilvus,  Cinclodes 34 

Glyphorynchus 350 

Glyphorhynchup 350 

gouldi,  Henicornis 52 

gracilirostris,  Dendrocolaptes ....  349 

gracula,  Motacilla 30 

gracilis,  Picolaptes 332 

graculus,  Dendrocolaptes 261 

graminicola,  Asthenes 147 

graminicola,  Synallaxis 147 

grandis,  Xiphorhynchus 347 

grenadensis,  Xiphorhynchus 347 

griseicapillus,  Dendrocopus 356 

griseicapillus,  Sittasomus 356 

griseiceps,  Furnarius 23 

griseigularis,  Acrorchilus 122 

griseigularis,  Cranioleuca 122 

griseipectus,  Cranioleuca 121 

griseipectus,  Phacellodomus 161 

griseiventris,  Synallaxis 77,145 

griseo-murina,  Schizoeaca 72 

griseo-murina,  Syn-allaxis 72 

griseonuchus,  Synallaxis 92 

grisescens,  Leptasthenura 61 

griseus,  Sittasomus 359 

guatemalensis,  Sclerurus 255 

guatemalensis,  Tinactor 255 

guayae,  Xenops 239 

guerrerensis,  Automolus 216 

guianensis,  Dendrocincla 363 

guianensis,  Microxenops 243 

guianensis,  Philydor 209 

gujanensis,  Motacilla.  . 93 

gujanensis,  Synallaxis 93 

gularis,  Synallaxis 108 

gularis,  Xenops 211 

guttata,  Margarornis 173 

guttata,  Picolaptes 332 

guttatoides,  Nasica 295 

guttatoides,  Xiphorhynchus 295 

guttatus,  Dendrocolaptes 294 

guttatus,    Xiphorhynchus 294 

guttulatus,  Anabazenops 194 

guttulatus,  Xenoctistes 194 

guttuligera,  Premnornis 173 

guttuligera,  Thripophaga '  173 

gutturalis,  Anabates 184 

gutturalis,  Pseudoseisura 184 

gutturata,  Cranioleuca 131 

gutturatus,  Anabates 131 

hallinani,  Upucerthia 43 

harterti,  Schizoeaca 73 

harterti,  Upucerthia 50 

hauxwelli,  Furnarius 21 

helleri,  Schizoeaca 72 

Heliobletus 227 

hellmayri,  Asthenes 145 

hellmayri,  Cranioleuca 120 


hellmayri,  Dendrocincla 376 

hellmayri,  Geositta 5 

hellmayri,  Lepidocolaptes 336 

hellmayri,  Siptornis 120 

hellmayri,  Synallaxis. 145 

hellmayri,  Xenops 242 

Henicornis 51 

hesperius,  Dendrocolaptes 264 

heterocerca,  Synallaxis 129 

heterura,  Siptornis 137 

heterura,  Asthenes 137 

heterurus,  Cinclodes 39 

heterurus,  Xenops 240 

hilereti,  Siptornis 139 

hoffmannsi,  Dendrocolaptes 268 

holostictus,  Automolus 232 

holostictus,  Thripadectes 232 

homochroa,  Dendrocincla 372 

homochrous,  Dendromanes 372 

Homorus 181 

hornensis,  Cinclodes 33 

huallagae,  Asthenes 153 

huallagae,  Siptornis 153 

huallagae,  Synallaxis ; 94 

hudsoni,  Asthenes 149 

hudsoni,  Synallaxis 149 

humicola,  Asthenes 144 

humicola,  Synnalaxis 144 

humilis,  Asthenes 141 

humilis,  Synallaxis 140,141 

Hydrolegus 257 

Hylexetastes : 274 

Hylocryptus .  . 226 

Hyloctistes 185 

hypochondriaca,  Siptornopsis .  ...  132 

hypochondriacus,  Siptornis 132 

hypoleuca,  Synallaxis 90 

hypoleuca,  Upucerthia 46 

hypophaeus,  Automolus 223 

hyposppdia,  Synallaxis 86 

hyposticta,  Synallaxis 131 

idoneus,  Xenicopsis 198 

ignobilis,  Automolus 231 

ignobilis,  Thripadectes 231 

ignotus,  Xiphocolaptes 282 

iguatensis,  Xiphocolaptes 278 

immaculatus,  Anabazenops 208 

infumata,  Synallaxis 78 

infuscatus,  Anabates 199,212 

infuscatus,  Automolus 212 

inornata,  Synallaxis 95 

inornata,  Synallaxis 120 

inornatus,  Cinclodes 28 

inornatus,  Phacellodomus 160 

insignis,  Dendrornis 316 

insignis,  Lepidocolaptes 332 

insignis,  Picolaptes 332 

insignis,  Xiphorhynchus 316 

insolitus,  Xiphorhynchus 309 

intermedianus,  Pseudocolaptes . .  .    179 
intermedius,  Campylorhamphus . .   342 


INDEX 


intermedius,  Dendrocolaptes 266 

Ipnodomus 14 

Ipoborus 211 

isabellina,  Certhilauda 8 

isabellina,  Geositta 8 

jaliscensis,  Sittasomus 361 

jardinei,  Dendrornis 302 

jardinei,  Xiphorhynchus 301 

jelskii,  Coprotretis 46 

jelskii,  Upucerthia 46 

johnsoni,  Pseudocolaptes 179 

josephinae,  Synallaxis 88 

juae,  Synallaxis 82 

juninensis,  Geositta 6 

juninensis,  Upucerthia 13 

juruanus,  Dendrocolaptes 262 

juruana,  Dendrornis 316 

juruanus,  Xiphorhynchus 316 


kienerii,  Dendroplex 291 

kienerii,  Dendrornis 291 

klagesi,  Automolus 230 

klagesi,  Thripadectes 230 

koeniswaldianus,  Picolaptes 333 

kollari,  Poecilurus 112 

kollari,  Synallaxis 112 


lachrymosus,  Dendrornis. .......  305 

lachrymosus,  Xiphorhynchus.  .  .  .  305 

lacrymiger,  Dendrocolaptes 322 

lacrymiger,  Lepidocolaptes 322 

laemosticta,  Synallaxis 103 

lafresnayanus,  Campylorhamphus  341 

lafresnayanus,  Dendrocolaptes.  .  .  341 

lafresnayei,  Dendrocincla 367 

lafresnayi,  Lepidocolaptes 321 

lafresnayi,  Thripobrotus 321 

lanceolatus,  Opetiorhynchus 27 

latitabunda,  Synallaxis 91 

lawrencei,  Dendrornis 299 

lawrencei,  Sclerurus 253 

lawrencii,  Pseudocolaptes 176 

layardi,  Picolaptes 327 

layardi,  Lepidocolaptes 327 

Lepidocolaptes 318 

Leptasthenura 60 

leptasthenuroides,  Siptornis 137 

Leptoxyura 112 

leucogaster,  Lepidocolaptes 319 

leucogaster,  Xiphorhynchus 319 

leucophrys,  Anabates 227 

leucophrys,  Cichlocolaptes 227 

leucophthalmus,  Anabates 211 

leucophthalmus,  Automolus 211 

leucopus,  Furnarius. 18 

leucosternus,  Dendrodramus 244 

levaillantii,  Picolaptes 319 

levis,  Sittasomus 360 

lichtensteini,  Philydor 203 


lignicida,  Lepidocolaptes 325 

lignicida,  Picolaptes 325 

lilloi,  Asthenes 148 

lilloi,  Siptornis 148 

Limnoctites 54 

Limnophyes 53 

Limnornis 53 

lineaticeps,  Anabates 187 

lineaticeps,  Lepidocolaptes 329 

lineaticeps,  Picolaptes 329 

lineatocapilla,  Dendrornis 312 

lineatocapillus,  Xiphorhynchus. . .  312 

lineatocephalus,  Dendrocolaptes..  284 

lineatocephalus,  Xiphocolaptes. . .  284 

lineatus,  Anabazenops 192 

lineatus,  Xenpctistes 192 

littoralis,  Lepidocolaptes 330 

littoralis,  Picolaptes 330 

littoralis,  Xenops 236 

Lochmia 256 

Lochmias 256 

longicauda,  Deconychura 363 

longicauda,  Dendrocincla 363 

longipennis,  Furnarius 36 

longipennis,  Geositta 8 

longirostris,  Campylorhamphus. . .  340 

longirostris,  Dendrocopus 348 

longirostris,  Dendroplex 293 

longirostris,  Furnarius 21 

longirostris,  Myothera 253 

longirostris,  Nasica 348 

lophotes,  Homorus 183 

lophotes,  Pseudoseisura 183 

luscinia,  Ochetorhynchus 49,50 

luscinia,  Upucerthia. 50 

lyra,  Philydor 210 

macconnelli,  Automolus 221 

macconnelli,  Sclerurus 251 

macconnelli,  Synallaxis 84 

madeirae,  Lepidocolaptes 326 

macrorhyncha,  Dendrocincla 377 

macroura,  Thripophaga 154 

macrourus,  Anabates 154 

maculata,  Synallaxis 99 

maculatus,  Dendrocopus 337 

maculicauda,  Asthenes 153 

maculicauda,  Siptornis 153 

maculipectus,  Phacellodomus .  ...  165 

maculirostris,  Cinclodes 29 

maculiventer,  Xyphorhynchus .  .  .  319 

major,  Campylorhamphus 343 

major,  Dendrocopus 286 

major,  Glyphorhynchus 353 

major,  Synallaxis 168 

major,  Xiphocolaptes 286 

maluroides,  Asthenes 150 

maluroides,  Sylviorthorhynchus .  .  55 

maluroides,  Synallaxis 150 

maranonica,  Synallaxis 98 

marayniocensis,  Siptornis 141 

maritima,  Certhilauda 10 


INDEX 


385 


maritima,  Geositta 10 

martinsi,  Synallaxis 114 

masafuerae,  Aphrastura 57 

masafuerae,  Synallaxis 57 

Margarornis 170 

maynanus,  Philydor 224 

media,  Synallaxis 79 

medianus,  Pseudocolaptes 179 

medius,  Dendrocolaptes 260 

megarhynchus,  Dendrornis 304 

megarhynchus,  Xiphorhynchus. . .  304 

Megaxenops 243 

melanocephalus,  Xenops . 200 

melanopezus,  Anabates 219 

melanopezus,  Automolus 219 

melanops,  Phleocryptes 57 

melanops,  Sylvia 57 

melanorhynchus,  Anabates 231 

melanorhynchus,  Thripadectes . . .  231 

melanotis,  Furnarius 24 

melanura,  Chilia 52 

melanura,  Enicornis 52 

menaloceps,  Dendrocolaptes 265 

mentalis,  Anabazenops 193 

mentalis,  Dendrornis 303 

mentalis,  Sphenura 114 

mentalis,  Xenoctistes 193 

mentalis,  Xiphorhynchus 303 

meridae,  Pseudocolaptes 177 

meridana,  Synallaxis. 101 

merula,  Dendrocolaptes 370 

merula,  Dendrocincla. 370 

merulina,  Dendrocincla 366 

meruloides,  Dendrocincla 366 

meruloides,  Dendrocops 366 

Metopothrix 167 

mexicanus,  Sclerurus 248 

mexicanus,  Xenops 237 

microrhynchus,  Acanthurus 355 

Microxenops 243 

milled,  Microxenops 243 

minlosi,  Xenerpestes 166 

minor,  Cillurus 34 

minor,  Deconychura 362 

minor,  Dendrocincla 365 

minor,  Furnarius 23 

minutus,  Turdus 232 

minutus,  Xenops 232 

modesta,  Asthenes 139 

modestus,  Synallaxis 139 

moesta,  Synallaxis 82 

molitor,  Cinclodes 31 

montana,  Synallaxis 59 

montana,  Uppucerthia 48 

montanus,  Anabates 195 

montanus,  Xenicopsoides 195 

montivagans,  Leptasthenura 66 

moreirae,  Oreophylax 74 

moreirae,  Synallaxis 74 

mulleri,  Cranioleuca 132 

mulleri,  Siptornis 132 

multiguttatus,  Nasica 317 


multostriata,  Asthenes 151 

multo-striata,  Synallaxis 151 

multostriatus,  Campylorhamphus.  340 

multostriatus,  Xiphorhynchus. . . .  340 

multistrigatus,  Dendrocolaptes. . .  270 

mustelina,  Certhiaxis 115 

mustelina,  Synallaxis 115 

nana,  Dendrornis 299 

nanus,  Xiphorhynchus 299 

napensis,  Xiphorhynchus 313 

Nasica 348 

nasalis,  Nasica 348 

neglecta,  Siptornis 137 

neglecta,  Synallaxis 100 

neglectus,  Cinclodes 47 

neglectus,  Lepidocolaptes 325 

neglectus,  Picolaptes 325 

neglectus,  Xenops 237 

negrensis,  Dendrocolaptes 270 

nematura,  Lochmias 257 

nematura,  Myiothera 257 

Neops .  232 

nesiotis,  Synallaxis 89 

nicaraguae,  Hylostictes 186 

nigricauda,  Automolus 218 

nigrifumpsa,  Synallaxis 91 

nigrocapillus,  Xenops 199 

nigro-fasciata,  Alauda 3 

nigro-fumosa,  Uppucerthia 27 

mgrofumosus,  Cinclodes 27 

notatus,  Picolaptes 317 

notius,  Synallaxis 86 

oberholseri,  Pseudocolaptes 178 

obidensis,  Thripophaga 155 

obscura,  Synallaxis 83 

obscurata,  Lochmias 258 

obscurior,  Sclerurus 250 

obscurus,  Anabates 218 

obscurus,  Automolus.  . 218 

obscurus,  Xiphocolaptes 288 

obsoleta,  Cranioleuca 127 

obsoleta,  Leptoxyura 127 

obsoletus,  Dendrocolaptes 259,317 

obsoletus,  Xenops 234 

obsoletus,  Xiphocolaptes 286 

obsoletus,  Xiphorhynchus 317 

obtectus,  Picolaptes 326 

occipitalis,  Synallaxis 88 

ocellatus,  Dendrocolaptes 311 

ocellatus,  Xiphorhynchus 311 

Ochetorhynchus 41 

ochroblepharus,  Cichlocolaptes . . .  188 

ochrogaster,  Philydor 201 

ochorolaemus,  Anabates. 219 

ochrolaemus,  Automolus 219 

oleagineus,  Anabazenops 190 

oleagineus,  Xenoctistes 190 

olivascens,  Sclerurus 255 

olivacens,  Synallaxis 76 

olivaceus,  Sittasomus 356 


386 


INDEX 


omiltemensis,  Xiphocolaptes 279 

omissa,  Synallaxis 108 

Opetiorynchos 14 

orenocensis,  Xiphocolaptes 285 

oreobates,  Cinclodes 38 

Oreophylax 74 

ornatus,  Oxyurus 56 

orryctera,  Geooecia 246 

Orthocolaptes 259 

Otipne 176 

ottonis,  Asthenes 137 

ottonis,  Siptornis 137 

oustaleti,  Cinclodes 32 

Oxypyga 245 

Oxyurus 55 

palamblae,  Cranioleuca 118 

palamblae,  Siptornis 118 

pallescens,  Dendrocolaptes 267 

palliatus,  Cillurus 40 

palliatus,  Cinclodes 40 

palliatus,  Dendrornis 318 

palliatus,  Xiphorhynchus 318 

pallida,  Cranioleuca 123 

pallida,  Leptasthenura 62 

pallida,  Upucerthia 45 

pallidiceps,  Synallaxis 127 

pallidigularis,  Automolus 221 

pallidior,  Philydor 200 

pallidus,  Synallaxis 123 

palpebralis,  Schizoeaca 72 

panamensis,  Pseudocolaptes 176 

panerythrus,  Philydor 206 

paramo,  Synall  [axis] 146 

paraensis,  Automolus 214 

paraensis,  Dendrexetastes 273 

Paraguay ae,  Furnarius 16 

paranensis,  Leptasthenura 69 

paranensis,  Xiphocolaptes 276 

pardalotus,  Dendrocopus 313 

pardalotus,  Xiphorhynchus 313 

parnaguae,  Megaxenops 243 

Parulus 75 

parvirostris,  Picolaptes 325 

patagonica,  Asthenes 138 

patagonica,  Motacilla 30 

patagonica,  Synallaxis 138 

patagonicus,  Cinclodes 30 

patagonicus,  Oxiurus 56 

paytae,  Geositta 10 

pectinicaudus,  Sittasomus 360 

pectoralis,  Automolus 216 

pectoralis,  Glyphorynchus 353 

pelzelni,  Xenops 233 

percnopterus,  Xenicopsis.  . 189 

perlata,  Margarornis 171 

perlatus,  Sittasomus 171 

perpallida,  Sj^nallaxis 90 

perrotii,  Dendrocolaptes 274 

perrotii,  Hylexetastes 274 

peruviana,  Geositta 9 

peruviana,  Leptapthenura .......  64 


peruviana,  Margarornis 1 70 

peruviana,  Schizoeaca 71 

peruviana,  Synallaxis 131 

peruvianus,  Phacellodomug 159 

peruvianus,  Picolaptes 323 

peruvianus,  Sclerurus 250 

Phacellodomus 157 

Phaceloscenus 157 

phaeochroa,  Dendrocincla 368 

phaeopygus,  Xiphocolaptes 284 

phelpsi,  Sittasomus 359 

Philydor 199 

Phleocryptes 57 

phoenicurus,  Enicornis. 51 

phoenicurus,  Eremobius 51 

phryganopbila,  Schoeniophylax . . .  73 

phryganophila,  Sylvia 73 

Picerthia 256 

pichinchae,  Synallaxis 109 

picirostris,  Dendroplex 292 

picoides,  Gracula 288 

Picolaptes 293 

picumnus,  Dendrocolaptes 269 

picus,  Dendroplex 288 

picus,  Oriolus 288 

pileata,  Leptasthenura 68 

pileatus,  Furnarius 24 

piurae,  Synallaxis 99 

plagosus,  Dendrocolaptes. 269 

platensis,  Leptasthenura 63 

platyrhynchus,  Dendrocolaptes. .  .  265 

platyrostris,  Dendrocolaptes 264 

platyryncha,  Zenophasia 352 

poecilopterus,  Anthus i 

poecilopterus,  Geobates i 

Poecilurus no 

poliocephala,  Sphenura 204 

poliophrys,  Synallaxis 76 

polysticta,  Asthenes 144 

polysticta,  Dendrornis 302 

polystictus,  Xiphorhynchus 302 

polyzonus,  Dendrocolaptes 262 

praedatus,  Lepidocolaptes 334 

praedatus,  Picolaptes 334 

Premnocopus 259 

Premnoplex 1 73 

Premnornis 173 

procerus,  Xiphocolaptes 280 

procurvoides,  Campy lorham  phus .  345 

procurvoides,  Xiphorhynchus ....  345 
procurvus,  Dendrocolaptes. .  .  .339,342 

procurvus,  Xiphocolaptes 280 

promeropirhynchus,  Dendro- 
colaptes   281 

promeropirhynchus,  Xiphoco- 
laptes   281 

propinqua,  Synallaxis 98 

propinqua,  Upucerthia 42 

propinquus,  Sclerurus 248 

proxima,  Siptornis 140 

Pseudocolaptes 176 

Pseudoseisura .  .  .181 


INDEX 


387 


Pseudosiptornis .  133 

pucheranii,  Campylorhamphus. . .  347 

pucheranii,  Xiphorhynchus 347 

pudibunda,  Asthenes 137 

pudibunda,  Synallaxis 137 

pudica,  Synallaxis 91 

pullus,  Sclerurus 249 

pulvericolor,  Anabates 95 

pumicola,  Synallaxis 144 

puncticeps,  Picolaptes 328 

puncticollis,  Dendrocolaptes 272 

punctigula,  Dendrornis 310 

punctigula,  Leptasthenura 64 

punctigula,  Xiphorhynchus 310 

punensis,  Asthenes 147 

punensis,  Geositta 7 

punensis,  Siptornis 147 

purusianus,  Xenops 241 

pusillus,  Campylorhamphus 346 

pusillus,  Xiphorhynchus 346 

Pygarrhichus 244 

Pygarrhicus 244 

pyrrhodes,  Anabates 202 

pyrrhodes,  Philydor 202 

pyrrholeuca,  Asthenes 133 

pyrrholeuca,  Sylvia 133 

pyrrhophia,  Cranioleuca 128 

pyrrhophius,  Dendrocopus 128 

quindiana,  Asthenes 151 

quindiana,  Siptornis 151 

radiolatus,  Dendrocolaptes 263 

rectirostris,  Automolus 225 

rectirostris,  Dendrocopus 288 

rectirostris,  Limnoctites 54 

rectirostris,  Limnornis 54 

rectirostris,  Opetiorhynchus 225 

reiseri,  Cranioleuca 125 

reiseri,  Siptornis 125 

reiseri,  Sittasomus 257 

remota,  Dendrocincla 372 

Rhopoctites 228 

ridgwayi,  Dendrocincla 370 

ridgwayi,  Dendrocolaptes 259 

ridgwayi,  Xenops 237 

rikeri,  Berlepschia 181 

rikeri,  Picolaptes 181 

rimarum,  Xiphorhynchus 294 

riveti,  Philydor 206 

rivularis,  Cillurus 37 

robusta,  Asthenes 141 

robusta,  Siptornis 141 

roraimae,  Automolus 219 

rosenbergi,  Xiphorhynchus 298 

rostrata,  Asthenes 140 

rostrata,  Siptornis 140 

rostratus,  Premnoplex 174 

rostratus,  Xiphocolaptes '. . .  281 

rostratus,  Xiphorhynchus 305 

rostripallens,  Dendrornis 295 

ruber,  Furnarius .  .  .  -. 162 


ruber,  Phacellodomus 162 

rubicola,  Phacellodomus 163 

rubidus,  Automolus. 225 

rubiginosa,  Margarornis 172 

rubiginosus,  Anabates 215 

rubiginosus,  Automolus 215 

rubiginosus,  Dendrocolaptes 286 

rufala,  Siptornis 1 48 

rufescens,  Automolus 206 

ruficauda,  Synallaxis 114 

ruficauda,  Upucerthia 48 

ruficaudatus,  Anabates 208 

ruficaudatus,  Philydor 208 

ruficaudus,  Anabates 93,208 

ruficaudus,  Glyphorynchus 352 

ruficaudus,  Neops 235 

ruficaudus,  Ochetorhynchus 48 

ruficaudus,  Opetiorhynchus 17 

ruficaudus,  Xenops  v 235 

ruficapilla,  Synallaxis 75 

ruficeps,  Dendrocincla 373 

ruficeps,  Sphenura 76,77 

ruficollaris,  Xenops. 154 

ruficollis,  Anabazenops 225 

ruficollis,  Automolus 225 

ruficollis,  Philydor 204 

ruficollis,  Sylvia 123 

rufifrons,  Anabates 157 

rufifrons,  Phacellodomus 157 

rufifrons,  Xenops 204 

rufigenis,  Cranioleuca 123 

rufigenis,  Synallaxis 123 

rufigula,  Dendrexetastes 273 

rufigula,  Dendrocolaptes 273 

rufigularis,  Sclerurus 252 

rufipectus,  Automolus 217 

rufipectus,  Synallaxis 109 

rufipennis,  Cranioleuca 130 

rufipennis,  Geobamon 1 1 

rufipennis,  Geositta i  r 

rufipennis,  Phacellodomus 163 

rufipennis,  Synallaxis 130 

rufipileatus,  Anabates. 223 

rufipileatus,  Automolus 223 

rufiventris,  Synallaxis no 

rufobrunneus,  Philydor 230 

rufobrunneus,  Thripadectes 230 

rufo-dorsalis,  Xiphorhynchus ....   341 

rufogularis,  Synallaxis 107,149 

rufo-olivacea,  Dendrocincla. .....   375 

rufosuperciliatus,  Xenoctistes.  ...    188 

rufosuperciliatus,  Xenops 1 88 

rufus,  Dendrocolaptes 338 

rufus,  Dendrocopus 204 

rufus,  Furnarius 14 

rufus,  Merops 14 

rufus,  Philydor 204 

rufus,  Xenops ...   211 

rupestris,  Opetiorhynchos 31 

russeola,  Certhiaxis 114 

russeola,  Sylvia 114 

ruticilla,  Synallaxis 127 


388 


rutilans,  Synallaxis 105 

rutilans,  Xenops 238 

rutilus,  Xenops '.,.:.  238 

sajamae,  Siptornis 139 

salvini,  Sclerurus 256 

sanctae-martae,  Lepidocolaptes .  .  321 

sanctae-martae,  Picolaptes 321 

sanctae-martae,  Xiphocolaptes. . .  280 

sancti-hilarii,  Furnarius 257 

sancti-thomae,  Dendrocolaptes . . .  263 

sancti-thomae,  Dendrocops 263 

saturata,  Dendrocincla 374 

saturatior,  Dendroplex 290 

saturatior,  Picolaptes 332 

saturatior,  Upucerthia 44 

saturatus,  Automolus 218 

saturatus,  Xiphocolaptes 282,288 

saxicolina,  Geositta 9 

Saxilauda 2 

scandens,  Gracula 260 

scansor,  Oxypyga 245 

scansor,  Sclerurus 245 

schistaceus,  Cinclodes 33 

Schizoeaca 71 

Schizoeacha 71 

schocolatinus,  Cinclodes 40 

Schoeniophylax 73 

schoenobaenus,  Phleocryptes ....  59 

sclateri,  Anabates 213 

sclateri,  Synallaxis 150 

sclateri,  Thripadectes 229 

sclateri,  Thripophaga 157 

sclateri,  Xiphocolaptes 279 

Sclerurus 245 

scutata,  Synallaxis 99 

scrutator,  Thripadectes 229 

secunda,  Deconychura 362 

seilerni,  Dendrocolaptes 271 

semicinerea,  Cranioleuca 126 

semicinerea,  Leptoxyura 126 

semicinnamomeus,  Pseudocolaptes  1 78 

semirufus,  Philydor 206 

serrana,  Upucerthia 47 

setaria,  Dendrophylax 70 

setaria,  Synallaxis 70 

seticauda,  Motacilla 56 

sibilatrix,  Phacellodomus 162 

silvestrianus,  Hydrolegus 257 

similis,  Dendroplex 317 

simillimus,  Glyphorhynchus 350 

simoni,  Synallaxis 97 

simonsi,  Heleodytes 41 

simpliciceps,  Dendrocolaptes 284 

sincipitalis,  Phacellodomus 158 

singularis,  Synallaxis 167 

singularis,  Xenerpestes 167 

Siptornis 166 

Siptornoides 133 

Siptornopsis 132 

Sittacilla 350 

Sittasomus 354 


Sittosomus 354 

sordida,  Asthenes 135 

sordida,  Synallaxis 135 

soror,  Xenops 233 

sororia,  Dendrornis 297 

sororia,  Lochmias 258 

sororius,  Xiphorhynchus 297 

souleyetii,  Dendrocolaptes 328 

souleyetii,  Lepidocolaptes 328 

sparsim-striatus,  Cinclodes 28 

specularis,  Phacellodomus 160 

Sphenopyga 168 

Sphenorynchus 350 

spinicauda,  Aphrastura 56 

spinicauda,  Motacilla 56 

spirurus,  Glyphorhynchus 350 

spirurus,  Neops 350 

spixi,  Synallaxis 85 

spixii,  Picolaptes 314 

spizii,  Xiphorhynchus 314 

squamatus,  Dendrocolaptes 319 

squamatus,  Lepidocolaptes . 319 

squamiger,  Anabates 1 70 

squamigera,  Margarornis 170 

squamulata,  Lochmias 257 

steinbachi,  Asthenes 145 

steinbachi,  Siptornis 145 

stellata,  Margarornis 172 

stenoptila,  Leptasthenura .  ......  61 

stictolaema,  Deconychura 362 

stictolaemus,  Sittasomus 362 

stictonota,  Margarornis 175 

stictonotus,  Premnoplex 175 

stictoptilus,  Ipoborus 185 

stictpthorax,  Synallaxis 98 

stissitura,  Synallaxis 80 

stresemanni,  Hylexetastes 275 

striata,  Enicornis 48 

striata,  Leptasthenura 67 

striata,  Synallaxis 67 

striaticeps,  Anumbius 160 

striaticeps,  Automolus 231 

striaticeps,  Cranioleuca 129 

striaticeps,  Phacellodomus 160 

striaticeps,  Pseudocolaptes.  .....  177 

striaticeps,  Synallaxis 128,130 

striaticollis,  Anabates 196 

striaticollis,  Anumbius 164 

striaticollis,  Phacellodomus 164 

striaticollis,  Siptornis 166 

striaticollis,  Synallaxis 166 

striaticollis,  Xenicopsoides 196 

striatidorsus,  Automolus 232 

striatigularis,  Dendrornis 304 

striatigularis,  Xiphorhynchus ....  304 

stria tipectus,  Synallaxis 104 

strigilatus,  Ancistrops 187 

strigilatus,  Thamnophilus 187 

striolata,  Leptasthenura 68 

striolata,  Sphenura 154 

striolata,  Synallaxis 68 

striolatus,  Xenicopsis 194 


INDEX 


389 


striolatus,  Xenoctistes 194 

subalaris,  Anabates 193 

subalaris,  Xenoctistes :  . .  193 

subandina,  Synallaxis 119 

subcristata,  Cranioleuca 120 

subcristata,  Synallaxis 120 

subflavescens,  Philydor 208 

subfulvus,  Philydor 201 

subguttatus,  Picolaptes 295 

subprocurvus,  Xiphorhynchus . . . .  346 

subpudica,  Synallaxis 86 

subulata,  Sphenura 185 

subulatus,  Hyloctistes 185 

sulphurascens,  Sphenura 211 

sulphurifera,  Cranioleuca 130 

sulphurifera,  Synallaxis 130 

superciliaris,  Furnarius 24 

superciliaris,  Sphenura 200 

superciliosa,  Synallaxis 76 

superciliosus,  Dendrocolaptes.  ...  128 

susurrans,  Dendrocolaptes 301 

susurrans,  Xiphorhynchus 301 

Sylosella 354 

sylviellus,  Dendrocolaptes 355 

sylviellus,  Sittasomus 355 

sylvioides,  Sittasomus 360 

Sylviorthorhynchus 54 

Synallaxis 75 

Syndactyla 188 

Synnalaxis 60 

tacarcunae,  Xenicopsis 192 

tacarcunae,  Xenoctistes 192 

taczanowskii,  Asthenes 152 

taczanowskii,  Cinclodes 28 

taczanowskii,  Siptornis 152 

tamucoensis,  Upucerthia 44 

tardus,  Dendrocolaptes 270 

tarefero,  Dendrocolaptes 265 

tatei,  Premnoplex 175 

tecellata,  Synallaxis 73 

temminckii,  Dendrocolaptes 273 

temminckii,  Sittasomus 355 

temporalis,  Anabates 198 

temporalis,  Xenicopsoides 198 

tenuirostris,  Alauda 13 

tenuirostris,  Dendrocolaptes 334 

tenuirostris,  Geositta 13 

tenuirostris,  Lepidocolaptes 333 

tenuirostris,  Xenops 241 

terrestris,  Synallaxis 104 

terricolor,  Synallaxis 98 

tertia,  Synallaxis '. .  107 

thelotii,  Synallaxis 60 

thoracicus,  Campylorhamphus .  .  .  345 

thoracicus,  Xiphorhynchus 345 

Thripadectes 228 

Thripophaga 154 

Thryolegus 53 

Tinactor 245 

tithys,  Synallaxis 97 

torridus,  Furnarius 20 


transfasciatus,  Dendrocolaptes. . .   268 

triangularis,  Dendrocolaptes 307 

triangularis,  Xiphorhynchus 307 

tricolor,  Furnarius 21,25 

trochilirostris,  Campylorhamphus  342 
trochilirostris,  Dendrocolaptes. . .  .   342 

tucumanus,  Cinclodes 36 

tupinieri,  Synallaxis 56 

turdina,  Dendrocincla 364 

turdinus,  Anabates 220 

turdinus,  Automolus 220 

turdinus,  Dendrocolaptes .  364 

typhla,  Dendrocincla 374 

typica,  Deconychura 361 

tyrannina,  Dendrocincla 376 

tyranninus,  Dendrocops 376 

umbretta,  Myiothera 253 

umbretta,  Sclerurus 253 

umbrinus,  Automolus 215 

undulatus,  Hylexetastes 276 

undulatus,  Premnocopus 261 

uniformis,  Hylexetastes 275 

unirufa,  Pseudoseisura 182 

unirufa,  Synallaxis 101 

unirufus,  Anabates 182 

Upucerthia 41 

urubambensis,  Asthenes 153 

urubambensis,  Siptornis 153 

validirostris,  Picolaptes 303 

validirostris,  Ochetorhynchus ....  45 

validirostris,  Upucerthia 45 

validus,  Dendrocolaptes 270 

variegaticeps,  Anabazenops 198 

variegaticeps,  Xenicopsoides 198 

variegatus,  Dendrocolaptes 269 

venezuelanus,  Philydor 197 

venezuelanus,  Xenicopsoides 197 

venezuelensis,  Campylorhamphus  343 

venezuelensis,  Furnarius 22 

venezuelensis,  Poecilurus 1 1 1 

venezuelensis,  Synallaxis 1 1 1 

venezuelensis,  Xiphorhynchus. . . .  343 

veraepacis,  Automolus 215 

villadenovae,  Xiphocolaptes 278 

virescens,  Sittasomus 359 

virgata,  Asthenes 153 

virgata,  Synallaxis 153 

virgaticeps,  Thripadectes 229 

virgatus,  Hyloctistes 186 

virgatus,  Philydor 1 86 

virgatus,  Xiphocolaptes 281 

vulgaris,  Uppucerthia 34,37 

vulpecula,  Cranioleuca 126 

vulpecula,  Synallaxis 126 

vulpina,  Cranioleuca 124 

vulpina,  Synallaxis 124 

wagleri,  Dendrocolaptes 320 

wagleri,  Lepidocolaptes 320 


390  INDEX 

wallacei,  Dendrocincla 375 

wallisi,  Henicornis 52 

warscewiczi,  Lepidocolaptes 323 

warscewiczi,  Thripobrotus 323 

watkinsi,  Automolus 217 

weddellii,  Dendrornis 311 

whitii,  Synallaxis 100 

wyatti,  Asthenes 146 

wyatti,  Synallaxis 146 

Xenerpestes 166 

Xenicopsis 187 

Xenicopsoides 195 


Xenoctistes 188 

Xenops 232 

xenothorax,  Leptasthenura 68 

Xiphocolaptes 276 

Xiphorhynchus 293 

Xiphornis 339 

yucatanensis,  Xiphorhynchus. . . .  304 

yungae,  Philydor 195 

yungae,  Xenicopsoides 195 

zamorae,  Sclerurus 246 

Zenophasia . . . .  j. 350 


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